Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Grecia siguió siendo un centro poderoso de la cristiandad a finales del Imperio romano y en
los comienzos del Imperio bizantino hasta hoy (476 a.C-dia de hoy)
Bajo dominio de Roma, al menos durante la época republicana, Grecia entró en un periodo de
decadencia económica en la que muchas ciudades quedaron despobladas.
Desde finales del siglo III a. C., en que tuvieron lugar las guerras ilíricas, Roma había estado
presente en enfrentamientos bélicos en el área del Adriático. En la segunda guerra
macedónica (200-196 a. C.), aliado con otros territorios griegos, Roma derrotó al Reino de
Macedonia y proclamó la libertad de las ciudades griegas, que en la práctica suponía para
Roma el inicio de una política intervencionista en toda la región helénica con el pretexto de
garantizar esas libertades
En las obras escritas durante el período que abarca desde el reinado de Justiniano(527 a.C-
565 a.C) hasta la caída de Constantinopla a manos de los turcos otomanos en 1453, las
formas tradicionales de la koiné perdieron su fuerza y su vigor expresivos, debido a que la
lengua griega se mezcló con elementos extraños de las lenguas de los distintos pueblos que
habitaban el imperio bizantino.
During the time of Theodosius (347 AD-395), Greece faced invasions from the Heruli, Goths,
and Vandals. The Visigoths, commanded by Alaric, invaded Thessaly at the end of the 4th
century, entered Greece and sacked Sparta, Corinth and Argos. Athens was not sacked,
probably because it quickly surrendered. Arcadius, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire,
allowed Alaric to stay in Greece, named him magister militum, and charged him with
safeguarding the borders. However, Stilicho, a general of the Western Roman Empire, fought
him from 3978 and was on the verge of defeating him, but was unable to prevent his retreat
from the Peloponnese towards Epirus.9 Later, Alaric and the Goths went to Italy and sacked
Rome in 410.
Greece remained a powerful center of Christianity through the late Roman Empire and early
Under the rule of Rome, at least during the republican era, Greece entered a period of
Greece's military power declined to the point where the Romans conquered the country in 168
From the end of the 3rd century B.C. C., in which the Illyrian wars took place, Rome had been
present in warfare in the Adriatic area. In the second Macedonian war (200-196 BC), allied with
other Greek territories, Rome defeated the Kingdom of Macedonia and proclaimed the freedom
of the Greek cities, which in practice meant for Rome the beginning of an interventionist policy
in the entire Hellenic region under the pretext of guaranteeing these freedoms
Caracalla's decree in 212, the Constitutio Antoniniana, extended citizenship outside of Italy to
all free adult males throughout the Roman Empire, thus increasing the province's populations
to the equal status of the city of Rome itself. The importance of this decree is historical, not
political. It laid the foundations for integration into the State's economic and judicial
integration did not occur smoothly. Societies already integrated with Rome, such as Greece,
were favored by this decree, compared to those that were farther away, too poor, or too exotic,
such as Britain, Palestine, or Egypt. Caracalla's decree accelerated the rise of Greece as a
Byzantinisch Augustus as the history of the "Christianized Roman empire of the Greek nation".
The division of the Empire into East and West and the subsequent fall of the Western Roman
Empire accentuated the constantly evolving position of the Greeks within the empire,
eventually allowing them to fully identify with it. The main role of Constantinople began when
Constantine the Great turned Byzantium into the new capital of the Roman Empire, from then
on it became known as Constantinople, placing the city at the center of Hellenism, a beacon
In the fourth century, when the capital of the Roman Empire was transferred to Constantinople,
the official language of the state was still Latin, although the language, both oral and literary, of
the entire eastern part of the Empire was Greek. Greek was also the language of the Church
and of education. A situation of diglossia existed between Greek and Latin for more than two
centuries, but the Byzantine emperors very soon began to favor the use of Greek. Latin was
In the 5th and 6th centuries there was a progressive Hellenization of the Eastern Empire,
which caused the definitive displacement of Latin by Greek as the language of the imperial
administration. However, the inhabitants of the Byzantine Empire never ceased to consider
themselves Romans (ρωμαίκοι, romaikoi), and gave their state the name Ανατολική Ρωμαϊκή
Αυτοκρατορία (Anatoliké Romaiké Autokratoria), thus underlining its status as a continuation of
the Roman Empire and the legitimacy of the Roman Empire. their territorial claims on the West.
During medieval times, the main cultural center of the Greek world was not Athens, but
Constantinople. The capital of the Empire is the linguistic center of both the Atticist literary
Ecclesiastical writers up to the fourth century used the popular koine, following the example of
the Gospels, but later, through the influence of the Cappadocian church fathers, who had been
In the works written during the period from the reign of Justinian (527 BC-565 BC) until the fall
of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, the traditional forms of the koine lost their
expressive force and vigour, due to because the Greek language was mixed with foreign
elements from the languages of the different peoples who inhabited the Byzantine empire.