Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Acknowledgments
The production of this document was made possible through the binational collabo-
ration between the University Program Mexico, Multicultural Nation, of the Na-
tional Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM-PUMC) and the Health Initia-
tive of the Americas (HIA), School of Public Health at the University of California
Berkeley. The content is based on the work of Carlos Zolla, research coordinator
at PUMC-UNAM, who for over 30 years has dedicated his professional life and
passion to the subject of traditional medicine. At HIA the work was coordinated by
its director, Xochitl Castaneda, in collaboration with Sandra Orozco and Liliana
Osorio. Layout and design was created by Jeremiah Colthren. The English trans-
lation was provided by Tlatolli Ollin and English editing by Gilbert Ojeda and
Xiaojing Wang. We appreciate the use of photos provided by Carlos Zolla and Dr.
Marc Schenker.
introducción | 03
introduction
Principios | 05
Principles
recursos humanos | 06
human resources
conclusión | 15
conclusion
Fuentes consultadas | 17
sources
prólogo
Foreward
The content of this document offers an overview of traditional medicine and the
principles on which it is based, and explores the human resources, methods,
procedures, and material and symbolic resources that traditional therapists
employ to diagnose and cure illness. The last section describes the fundamental
characteristics and expressions of traditional medicine.
We hope that this information captures public interest and respect for indigenous
cultures and their ancestral practices of medicine, and contributes to improving
health services to the Latino immigrant population.
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introducción
introduction
Migration of Latin American citizens to the United States involves the movement
of not only people across borders, but also the movement of information, ideas,
customs, traditions and visions. One of the fundamental aspects of the migration
process is the continuation of cultural practices. Traditional medicine has a vital place
among these practices.
Over the centuries and in different cultural contexts, traditional medicine has
constituted a fundamental part of socio-cultural practices. It is rooted in society as
a whole, but has special meaning for indigenous groups. In Mexico, as in other Latin
American countries (especially Central American countries, for our purposes here),
indigenous traditional medicine is very important in both cultural and medical terms.
This is what we will address in this document.
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D
efinición
D
(económicos, ecológicos, religiosos). efinition
|
P P
rincipios rinciples
R
ECURSOS HUMANOS
|
Los terapeutas tradicionales suelen ser expertos en cuestiones de salud. También son
autoridades religiosas o civiles, conocedores del clima e intérpretes de la cultura. Tienen
un profundo respeto por parte de la comunidad.
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El huevo de gallina es usado por los The hen’s egg is used by traditional
curanderos para diagnosticar la enfer- healers to diagnose the disease and
medad y el tratamiento a seguir. treatment to follow.
étodos y procedimientos
Mde diagnóstico y curación
ethods and procedures for
M diagnosis and healing
| 10
Curandero dando consulta médica
a una mujer indígena, evocando
valores religiosos e ideológicos.
13 |
Representación de un temazcal Representation of a temazcal in
en el Códice Magliabechiano the Magliabechiano Codex
| 14
onclusion
C
Onclusión
C
La medicina tradicional indígena se Indigenous traditional medicine has
utiliza ancestralmente en la población been used by the Mesoamerican
mesoamericana, tanto en áreas population since ancient times, in both
urbanas como rurales. Constituye un urban and rural areas. It constitutes
recurso fundamental para la atención a fundamental resource for both
a la salud y un elemento básico de health services and a basic element
afirmación cultural. Es por esto que for cultural affirmation. Consequently,
la sensibilización y el reconocimiento awareness and recognition of the use
de su uso son necesarios al proveer of traditional medicine are necessary
servicios a la población migrante for providing services to the migrant
latinoamericana, especialmente la Latino population in general, and to
indígena. Muchas veces permite un the indigenous population in particular.
mayor acercamiento cultural entre It serves as a basis for addressing
proveedor y paciente. Además de las cultural and medical differences in the
profundas raíces culturales, la medicina relationship between service providers
tradicional forma parte del sistema and patients. In addition to its deep
ideológico que ayuda a la población cultural roots, traditional medicine
migrante a desarrollar mecanismos de is part of the ideological system
adaptación, fortaleciendo la identidad that helps the migrant population to
cultural. develop mechanisms for adaptation,
thereby strengthening cultural identity.
15 |
Iniciativa de Salud de las Américas Programa Universitario México, Nación
Multicultural
La Iniciativa de Salud de las Américas (ISA),
(inicialmente establecida como Iniciativa de Salud El Programa Universitario México, Nación
México-California) se creó en enero del 2001 Multicultural (PUMC), fue creado en diciembre del
como un programa de la Universidad de California, 2004 bajo la Coordinación de Humanidades de la
Oficina Presidente. Actualmente es una unidad de Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM),
la Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad California, con el fin de vincular los esfuerzos intelectuales,
Berkeley. La Iniciativa es una colaboración entre metodológicos y técnicos de las personas y grupos
gobiernos, instituciones académicas, el sector que trabajan temas relacionados con la composición
privado y organizaciones comunitarias de varios multicultural indígena de la nación mexicana,
países latinoamericanos. El California Endowment dentro y fuera de la UNAM.
(TCE), la California HealthCare Foundation y la
California Wellness Foundation han proporcionado PUMC-UNAM tiene entre sus objetivos:
un importante apoyo para los proyectos de ISA.
• Planear y apoyar el desarrollo de actividades
de investigación, formación, extensión y
La misión de ISA es coordinar y optimizar los
documentación sobre temas culturales de los
recursos en los Estados Unidos, Mexico, y otros
pueblos indígenas de México.
países de América Latina para incrementar el
acceso y la utilización de los servicios de salud, • Apoyar y promover la docencia de manera que
expandir la cobertura de seguro de salud, aporte los elementos para el conocimiento y la
reducir las disparidades de salud, mejorar la transformación positiva de las relaciones entre las
competencia cultural de los profesionales de salud, diversas culturas de ese país.
e implementar estrategias innovadoras para hacer
frente a las necesidades de salud de la población • Difundir y extender conocimientos y experiencias
de origen latino que vive y trabaja en los Estados derivados de las investigaciones y demás
Unidos. actividades que se desarrollen en el campo de
estudios de la multiculturalidad.
The Health Initiative of the Americas (HIA), The University Program Mexico, Multicultural
(initially established as the California-Mexico Nation (PUMC), was established in December
Health Initiative and renamed in 2007) was 2004 under the Coordination of Humanities at
created in January 2001 under the auspices of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
the University of California Office of the President. (UNAM) in order to link the intellectual efforts of
Currently housed in the University of Califonia, individuals and groups working on topics related to
Berkeley School of Public Health. The initiative the multicultural indigenous composition in Mexico,
is a collaborative effort involving government, inside and outside the UNAM.
academia, the private sector, and community-
based organizations of participating countries. The PUMC-UNAM has among its objectives:
University of California, The California Endowment,
The California HealthCare Foundation, and The • Plan and support the development of research,
California Wellness Foundation have provided major training, and documentation of Mexico’s indigenous
support for HIA projects. communities and cultures.
The mission of HIA is to coordinate and optimize • Support and promote teaching in a way that
resources in the United States, Mexico, and other provides for knowledge and positive transformation
Latin America countries to increase access to and of relations between the diverse cultures of Mexico.
use of health services, expand health insurance
coverage, improve health outcomes, reduce health • Disseminate and spread knowledge and
disparities, enhance the cultural competency of experience from research and other activities taking
health care personnel, and implement innovative place in the field of study of multiculturalism.
strategies to address unmet health needs of the
Latino origin population living and working in the
United States.
http://hia.berkeley.edu http://www.nacionmulticultural.unam.mx/
FUENTES CONSULTADAS | SOURCES
Zolla, Carlos y Emiliano Zolla Márquez, 2004, Los pueblos indígenas de México. 100
preguntas, México, UNAM.