SOLUCIONARIO DE LA PRACTICA Nº3

1.- Determinar las ESFUERZOS NORMALES, su DIAGRAMA y LA VARIACION TOTAL DE

LONGITUD para la barra estructural mostrada:

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎:
1
R A − 2 (10)(11) + 100 + 150 = 0

𝑹𝑨 = −𝟏𝟗𝟓[𝑻]

b). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq]
𝑞𝑥 10
=
𝑥 11
𝟏𝟎
𝒒𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏 𝒙

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥1 = −𝑅𝐴 + 𝑹𝒙

𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = −𝑅𝐴 + ∫0 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 10
𝑁𝑥1 = −(−195) + ∫0 ( 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
11

10 𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = 195 + 11 [ 2 ]
0

INGENIERIA
1 CIVIL
 5
𝑵𝒙𝟏 = 195 + 11 𝒙𝟐

 𝟒. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟕. 𝟓 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq]

𝑁𝑥2 = −𝑅𝐴 + 𝑹𝒙 − 100

5
𝑵𝒙𝟐 = 195 + 11 𝒙𝟐 − 100
5
𝑵𝒙𝟐 = 95 + 11 𝒙𝟐

 𝟕. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq]

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥3 = 𝑁𝑥2

5
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 95 + 11 𝒙𝟐

VERIFICACION: En el punto D se debe cumplir:

𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎[𝐓]
Evaluando la ecuacion de la "𝑁𝑥3 " en el punto 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏
5
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 95 + (𝟏𝟏)𝟐
11

𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎[𝐓] 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚

2. ESFUERZOS NORMALES:
𝐍𝐱
𝛔𝐱 =
𝐀
𝐀 = 𝛑 ∗ 𝐞(𝐝 − 𝐞) = 𝛑 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟐(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏. 𝟐) = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐

 𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq]
Kgf
𝟓 𝑥 = 0.00 → σx1 = 2173.332 [cm2 ]
𝐍𝐱𝟏 𝟏𝟗𝟓+𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 Kgf
𝛔𝐱 𝟏 = = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 si: 𝑥 = 2.00 → σx1 = 2193.600 [cm2]
𝐀 𝟖𝟗.𝟕𝟐𝟒
Kgf
{𝑥 = 4.00 → σx1 = 2254.388 [cm2]

 𝟒. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟕. 𝟓 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq]
Kgf
𝟓 𝑥 = 4.00 → σx 2 = 1139.859 [cm2]
𝐍𝐱𝟐 𝟗𝟓+𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 Kgf
𝛔𝐱 𝟐 = = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 si: 𝑥 = 5.75 → σx 2 = 1226.299 [cm2 ]
𝐀 𝟖𝟗.𝟕𝟐𝟒
Kgf
{ 𝑥 = 7.50 → σx 2 = 1343.767 [cm2]

 𝟕. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq]

Kgf
𝟓 𝑥 = 7.50 → σx 3 = 1343.767 [cm2]
𝐍𝐱𝟑 𝟗𝟓+𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 Kgf
𝛔𝐱 𝟑 = = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 si: 𝑥 = 9.25 → σx 3 = 1492.266 [cm2 ]
𝐀 𝟖𝟗.𝟕𝟐𝟒
Kgf
{𝑥 = 11.00 → σx 3 = 1671.794 [cm2]

INGENIERIA
2 CIVIL
TRACCION

COMPRESION

DIAGRAMA DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES

𝐊𝐠𝐟
" "
𝐜𝐦𝟐

3. VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL:

𝐍𝐱
∆𝐋 = ∑ ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐄𝐀 𝐱

4.0 7.5 11.0

Nx1 Nx2 Nx3
∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0 EA 4.0 EA 7.5 EA

1 0.5 1 1.3 1 2.3

∆L = ∫ Nx1 dx + ∫ Nx2 dx + ∫ Nx3 dx
EA 0 EA 0.5 EA 1.3

1 4.0 5 1 7.5 5 1 11.0 5

∆L = ∫ [195 + 𝒙𝟐 ] dx + ∫ [95 + 𝒙𝟐 ] dx + ∫ [95 + 𝒙𝟐 ] dx
EA 0 11 EA 4.0 11 EA 7.5 11

1 1 1
∆L = [789.700] + [386.723] + [470.246]
EA EA EA
Donde:
Kgf 1T
EA = 2.1 × 106 2
∗ ∗ 89.724 cm2 = 188420.4 T
cm 1000 Kgf
Reemplazando:
1 1 1
∆L = [789.700] + [386.723] + [470.246] = 8.739 × 10−3 [m]
188420.4 188420.4 188420.4
∆𝐋 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟑𝟗[𝐦𝐦] 𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐆𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐎

INGENIERIA
3 CIVIL
ESTRUCTURA MODELADA EN EL PROGRAMA SAP2000

DIAGRAMA DE FUERZAS NORMALES “T”

VARIACION ABSOLUTA DE LONGITUD

𝐔𝟏 = ∆𝐋 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟕 [𝐦] = 𝟖. 𝟕 [𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
4 CIVIL
2.-Determinar las ESFUERZOS NORMALES, su DIAGRAMA y LA VARIACION TOTAL DE
LONGITUD para la barra estructural mostrada:

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎:
1
RA + 50 − 2 (20 + 60)(2) = 0

𝑹𝑨 = 𝟑𝟎 [𝑻]

b). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟓 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq]

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥1 = −𝑅𝐴

𝑁𝑥1 = −30
𝐍𝐱𝟏 = −30 [T]
𝟎. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟑 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq]

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥2 = −𝑅𝐴 − 50

𝑁𝑥2 = −30 − 50
𝐍𝐱𝟐 = −80 [T]

INGENIERIA
5 CIVIL
  𝟏. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟑 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq]
𝑞𝑥 − 20 60 − 20
=
𝑥 − 1.3 2
𝒒𝒙 = 20 + 20(𝑥 − 1.3) = −𝟔 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥3 = −𝑅𝐴 − 50 + 𝑹𝒙

𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = −30 − 50 + ∫1.3 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = −80 + ∫1.3(−6 + 20𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = −80 − 6[𝑥 ] + 20 [ 2 ]
1.3 1.3
𝑁𝑥3 = −80 − 6[𝑥 − 1.3] + 10[𝑥 2 − 1.3 2 ]
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 10𝒙𝟐 − 6𝒙 − 89.1

VERIFICACION: En el punto E se debe cumplir:

𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎
Evaluando la ecuacion de la "𝑁𝑥3 " en el punto 𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟑
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 10(𝟑. 𝟑)𝟐 − 6(𝟑. 𝟑) − 89.1
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚

2. ESFUERZOS NORMALES:
𝐍𝐱
𝛔𝐱 =
𝐀

𝐀𝟏 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟎[𝐜𝐦𝟐 ] = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 [𝐦𝟐 ] 𝐀𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟐[𝐜𝐦𝟐 ] = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 [𝐦𝟐 ] 𝐀𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟔[𝐜𝐦𝟐 ] = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 [𝐦𝟐 ]

 𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟓 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq]
𝐍𝐱𝟏 −𝟑𝟎 𝐓
𝛔𝐱 𝟏 = = 𝟏.𝟕𝟑×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 = −𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟒𝟏. 𝟎𝟒 [𝐦𝟐]
𝐀𝟏

 𝟎. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟑 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq]
𝐍𝐱𝟐 −𝟖𝟎 𝐓
𝛔𝐱 𝟐 = = 𝟏.𝟐𝟕×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 = −𝟔𝟐𝟗𝟗𝟐. 𝟏𝟐 [𝐦𝟐]
𝐀𝟐

 𝟏. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟑 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq]
T
𝑥 = 1.3 → σx 3 = −67796.61 [m2 ]
𝐍𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 −𝟔𝒙−𝟖𝟗.𝟏
𝛔𝐱 𝟑 = = si: 𝑥 = 2.3 T
→ σx 3 = −42372.88 [m2 ]
𝐀𝟑 𝟏.𝟏𝟖×𝟏𝟎−𝟑
{ 𝑥 = 3.3 → σx 3 = 0

INGENIERIA
6 CIVIL
TRACCION

COMPRESION

DIAGRAMA DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES

𝐓
" "
𝐦𝟐

3. VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL:

𝐍𝐱
∆𝐋 = ∑ ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐄𝐀 𝐱

0.5 1.3 3.3

Nx1 Nx2 Nx3
∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0 EA1 0.5 EA2 1.3 EA3

Nx1 0.5 Nx2 1.3 1 3.3

∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ Nx3 dx
EA1 0 EA2 0.5 EA3 1.3

−30 0.5 −80 1.3 1 3.3

∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ [10𝒙𝟐 − 6𝒙 − 89.1]dx
EA1 0 EA2 0.5 EA3 1.3
−30 1 1 4 1 280
∆L = [ ]+ [ ]+ [− ]
EA1 2 EA2 5 EA3 3

Donde:
EA1 = 34600[T] EA2 = 25400[T] EA3 = 23600[T]
Reemplazando:
−30 1 −80 4 1 280
∆L = [ ]+ [ ]+ [− ] = −6.788 × 10−3 [m]
34600 2 26670 5 23600 3

∆𝐋 = −𝟔. 𝟕𝟖𝟖[𝐦𝐦] 𝐀𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐎

INGENIERIA
7 CIVIL
ESTRUCTURA MODELADA EN EL PROGRAMA SAP2000

DIAGRAMA DE FUERZAS NORMALES “T”

VARIACION ABSOLUTA DE LONGITUD

𝐔𝟏 = ∆𝐋 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗 [𝐦] = −𝟔. 𝟗 [𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
8 CIVIL
3.-Una pieza de maquina (barra estructural) bajo solicitaciones axiales experimenta una
deformación absoluta longitudinal "∆𝐋" de elongación cuyo valor es conocido.
Determinar la magnitud de la carga aplicada.

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎:
1
R A − 2 (2q + q)(1) + 1.5q(1) = 0

𝑹𝑨 = 𝟎

b). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq]

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥1 = −𝑅𝐴

𝑁𝑥1 = −0
𝐍𝐱𝟏 = 0

INGENIERIA
9 CIVIL
 𝟏. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq]
𝑞𝑥 − 𝑞 2𝑞 − 𝑞
=
𝑥 − 1.0 1
𝒒𝒙 = 𝑞 + 𝑞(𝑥 − 1.0) = 𝐪𝒙

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥2 = −𝑅𝐴 + 𝑹𝒙

𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = 0 + ∫1.0 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = ∫1.0(𝐪𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = 𝐪 [ 2 ]
1.0
𝐪
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 𝟐 [𝑥 2 − 1 2 ]

2. VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL:

𝐍𝐱
∆𝐋 = ∑ ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐄𝐀 𝐱

1.0 2.0
Nx1 Nx2
∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0 EA1 1.0 EA2
2.0
1
∆L = ∫ Nx2 dx
EA2 1.0
2.0
1 𝐪 2
∆L = ∫ [𝑥 − 1 2 ]dx
EA2 1.0 𝟐
1 𝐪 4
∆L = ∗ [ ]
EA2 𝟐 3
Donde:
T 𝜋
EA2 = 2.0 × 107 ∗ [0.025]2 m2 = 3125π[T]
m2 4
∆L = 6.79 mm = 6.79 × 10−3 m
Reemplazando:
1 𝐪 4
6.79 × 10−3 = ∗ [ ]
3125π 𝟐 3
6.79 × 10−3 = 6.79 × 10−5 ∗ 𝐪
Despejando “q”
6.79 × 10−3
𝐪=
6.79 × 10−5
𝐪 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎[𝐓]

INGENIERIA
10 CIVIL
 4.-Determinar las ESFUERZOS NORMALES, su DIAGRAMA y LA VARIACION TOTAL DE
LONGITUD para la barra estructural mostrada:

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎:
1
−RA − 75 − 100 + (500)(1) = 0
2

𝑹𝑨 = 𝟕𝟓[𝑻]

INGENIERIA
11 CIVIL
b). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟐 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B sup]

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥1 = 𝑅𝐴
𝑁𝑥1 = 75
𝐍𝐱𝟏 = 75 [T]
𝟏. 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟐 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C sup]

𝑞𝑥 500
=
𝑥−1.2 1

𝒒𝒙 = 500(𝑥 − 1.2) = −𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒙

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥2 = 𝑅𝐴 + 75 − 𝑹𝒙
𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = 75 + 75 − ∫1.2 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = 150 − ∫1.2(−600 + 500𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = 150 + 600[𝑥 ] − 500 [ 2 ]
1.2 1.2
𝑁𝑥2 = 150 + 600[𝑥 − 1.2] − 250[𝑥 2 − 1.2 2 ]
𝑵𝒙𝟐 = −250𝒙𝟐 + 600𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎
 𝟐. 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟐 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D sup]
1
𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑁𝑥3 = 𝑅𝐴 + 75 − (500)(1) + 100
2

𝑁𝑥3 = 75 + 75 − 250 + 100

𝑁𝑥3 = 250 − 250
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 0
2. ESFUERZOS NORMALES:
𝐍𝐱
𝛔𝐱 =
𝐀
𝐀 = 𝛑 ∗ 𝐞(𝐝 − 𝐞) = 𝛑 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟐(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏. 𝟐) = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟐 [𝐜𝐦𝟐 ]

 𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟐 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B izq]
𝐍𝐱𝟏 𝟕𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐊𝐠𝐟
𝛔𝐱 𝟏 = = = 𝟖𝟑𝟓. 𝟗𝟑 [𝐜𝐦𝟐]
𝐀 𝟖𝟗.𝟕𝟐

INGENIERIA
12 CIVIL
 𝟏. 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟐 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C izq]
Kgf
𝑥 = 1.2 → σx 2 = 1671.87 [cm2]
𝐍𝐱𝟐 −𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒙𝟐 +𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒙−𝟐𝟏𝟎 Kgf
𝛔𝐱 𝟐 = = ∗ 1000 si: 𝑥 = 1.7 → σx 2 = 975.26 [cm2 ]
𝐀 𝟖𝟗.𝟕𝟐
Kgf
{𝑥 = 2.2 → σx 2 = −1114.58 [cm2 ]
 𝟏. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑. 𝟑 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D izq]
𝐍𝐱𝟑 𝟎
𝛔𝐱 𝟑 = = =0
𝐀 𝟖𝟗.𝟕𝟐

COMPRESION TRACCION

DIAGRAMA DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES

𝐊𝐠𝐟
" "
𝐜𝐦𝟐

3. VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL:

𝐍𝐱
∆𝐋 = ∑ ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐄𝐀 𝐱

1.2 2.2 3.2

Nx1 Nx2 Nx3
∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0 EA 1.2 EA 2.2 EA

Nx1 1.2 1 2.2

∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ Nx2 dx
EA 0 EA 1.2

INGENIERIA
13 CIVIL
 75 1.2 1 2.2
∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ [−250𝒙𝟐 + 600𝒙 − 210]dx
EA 0 EA 1.2
75 6 1 200
∆L = [ ]+ [ ]
EA 5 EA 3
Donde:
Kgf 1T
EA = 2.1 × 106 2
∗ 89.72 cm2 ∗ = 188412 [T]
cm 1000 Kgf
Reemplazando:
75 6 1 200
∆L = [ ]+ [ ] = 8.315 × 10−4 [m]
188412 5 188412 3
∆𝐋 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟏𝟓 [𝐦𝐦] 𝐀𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐎

DIAGRAMA DE FUERZAS NORMALES VARIACION ABSOLUTA DE LONGITUD

“T”

𝐔𝟑 = ∆𝐋 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖 [𝐦] = 𝟖. 𝟎 [𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
14 CIVIL
 5.-Dada la estructura mostrada. Determinar: las FUERZAS NORMALES, ESFUERZOS
NORMALES, su DIGRAMA y la DEFORMACION LONGITUDINAL.

SOLUCION
4. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎: −R A + 4(100) + 𝐰𝟏 + 𝐰𝟐 − 3(100) + 𝐰𝟑 + 5(12) + 100 = 0

Donde:
T π
𝐰𝟏 = γ ∗ A1 ∗ h1 = 7.85 3
∗ ∗ 0.22 m2 ∗ 2 m = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟑 [𝐓]
m 4
T
𝐰𝟐 = γ ∗ A2 ∗ h2 = 7.85 3
∗ 0.22 m2 ∗ 4 m = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝟔 [𝐓]
m
T
𝐰𝟑 = γ ∗ A3 ∗ h3 = 7.85 3
∗ 0.0144 m2 ∗ 6m = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟖 [𝐓]
m
Reemplazando:
−RA + 4(100) + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟑 + 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝟔 − 3(100) + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟖 + 5(12) + 100 = 0
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟐𝟔𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟕 [𝑻]

INGENIERIA
15 CIVIL
b). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:

Dada las características de las cargas aplicadas en la barra, las ecuaciones de la normal tendrán
por ecuación característica:
𝐱 𝐱

𝐍𝐱 = 𝐏𝐱 + ∫ 𝐪º𝐱 𝐝𝐱 + ∫ 𝛄𝐀 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝟎 𝟎

 𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B sup]
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = 𝑅𝐴 − ∫0 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 𝜸𝑨𝟏 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = 262.427 − 𝒒 ∫0 𝑑𝑥 − 𝜸𝑨𝟏 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = 262.427 − 𝒒[𝑥 ] − 𝜸𝑨𝟏 [𝑥 ]
0 0
𝑁𝑥1 = 262.427 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟕𝒙
𝑵𝒙𝟏 = 262.427 − 5.247𝒙

 𝟐. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C sup]
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = 𝑅𝐴 − w1 − 400 − ∫0 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥 − ∫2 𝜸𝑨𝟐 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = 262.427 − 0.493 − 400 − 𝒒 ∫0 𝑑𝑥 − 𝜸𝑨𝟐 ∫2 𝑑𝑥

INGENIERIA
16 CIVIL
 𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥2 = −138.066 − 𝒒[𝑥 ] − 𝜸𝑨𝟐 [𝑥 ]
0 2
𝑁𝑥2 = −138.066 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟒(𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝑵𝒙𝟐 = −137.438 − 5.314𝒙
 𝟔. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D sup]
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = 𝑅𝐴 − w1 − 400 − w2 + 300 − ∫0 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥 − ∫2 𝜸𝑨𝟑 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = 262.427 − 0.493 − 400 − 1.256 + 300 − 𝒒 ∫0 𝑑𝑥 − 𝜸𝑨𝟑 ∫6 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = 160.678 − 𝒒[𝑥 ] − 𝜸𝑨𝟑 [𝑥 ]
0 6
𝑁𝑥3 = 160.678 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟔)
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 161.476 − 5.113𝒙
5. ESFUERZOS NORMALES:
𝐍𝐱
𝛔𝐱 =
𝐀
𝐀𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟒 [𝐦𝟐 ] 𝐀𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟎 [𝐦𝟐 ] 𝐀𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟒 [𝐦𝟐 ]

 𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B sup]
T
𝑥 = 0.0 → σx1 = 8357.55 [ ]
m2
𝐍𝐱𝟏 𝟐𝟔𝟐.𝟒𝟐𝟕−𝟓.𝟐𝟒𝟕𝒙 T
𝛔𝐱 𝟏 = = si: 𝑥 = 1.0 → σx 1 = 8190.44 [ 2 ]
𝐀𝟏 𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟒 m
T
{𝑥 = 2.0 → σx1 = 8023.34 [ 2 ]
m

 𝟐. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C sup]
T
𝑥 = 2.0 → σx 2 = −3701.65 [ ]
m2
𝐍𝐱𝟐 −𝟏𝟑𝟕.𝟒𝟑𝟖−𝟓.𝟑𝟏𝟒𝒙 T
𝛔𝐱 𝟐 = = si: 𝑥 = 4.0 → σx 2 = −3967.35 [
m2
]
𝐀𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟒𝟎
T
{𝑥 = 6.0 → σx 2 = −4233.05 [
m2
]

 𝟔. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D sup]

T
𝑥 = 6.0 → σx 3 = 9083.19 [ ]
m2
𝐍𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝟏.𝟒𝟕𝟔−𝟓.𝟏𝟏𝟑𝒙 T
𝛔𝐱 𝟑 = = si: 𝑥 = 9.0 → σx 3 = 8017.99 [
m2
]
𝐀𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟒
T
{ 𝑥 = 12.0 → σx 3 = 6952.78 [
m2
]

INGENIERIA
17 CIVIL
 COMPRESION TRACCION

DIAGRAMA DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES

𝐓
" "
𝐦𝟐

6. VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL:

𝐍𝐱
∆𝐋 = ∑ ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐄𝐀 𝐱

2.0 6.0 12.0

Nx1 Nx2 Nx3
∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0 EA1 2.0 EA2 6.0 EA3
2.0 6.0 12.0
1 1 1
∆L = ∫ Nx1 dx + ∫ Nx2 dx + ∫ Nx3 dx
EA1 0 EA2 2.0 EA3 6.0
2.0 6.0 12.0
1 1 1
∆L = ∫ [262.427 − 5.247𝒙]dx + ∫ [−137.438 − 5.314𝒙 ]dx + ∫ [161.476 − 5.113𝒙]dx
EA1 0 EA2 2.0 EA3 6.0

1 1 1
∆L = [514.360] + [−634.776] + [692.754]
EA1 EA2 EA3
Donde:

INGENIERIA
18 CIVIL
 EA1 = 62800[T] EA2 = 80000[T] EA3 = 28800[T]

Reemplazando:
1 1 1
∆L = [514.360] + [−634.776] + [692.754] = 0.02431[m]
62800 80000 28800
∆𝐋 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟏[𝐦𝐦] 𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐆𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐎

DIAGRAMA DE FUERZAS NORMALES VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL

“T”

𝐔𝟑 = ∆𝐋 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟑 [𝐦] = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟑 [𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
19 CIVIL
 6.- Determinar el ESFUERZO NORMAL, su DIGRAMA y la DEFORMACION
LONGITUDINAL experimentada por la barra.

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:

𝚺𝐅𝒙 = 𝟎:
RA + 7(2) − 𝐰𝟏 − 𝐰𝟐 − 𝐰𝟑 = 0
𝐰𝟏 = 8.9 ∗ 0.352 ∗ 2 = 2.181 [T]
1
𝐰𝟐 = 8.9 ∗ 2 (0.352 + 1.502 ) ∗ 0.3 = 3.167 [T]

𝐰𝟑 = 8.9 ∗ 1.502 ∗ 0.3 = 6.008 [T]

Reemplazando:
RA + 7(2) − 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟏 − 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔𝟕 − 𝟔. 𝟎𝟎𝟖 = 0
𝑹𝑨 = −𝟐. 𝟔𝟒𝟒 [𝑻]

INGENIERIA
20 CIVIL
b). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:

 𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟑 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B inf]
𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = −𝑅𝐴 + ∫0 𝜸𝑨𝟑 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = −(−2.644) + 𝜸𝑨𝟑 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑁𝑥1 = 2.644 + 𝜸𝑨𝟑 [𝑥 ]
0
𝑁𝑥1 = 2.644 + 20.025[𝑥 ]
𝑵𝒙𝟏 = 2.644 + 20.025𝒙
 𝟎. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟔 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C inf]
1
𝑁𝑥2 = −𝑅𝐴 + w3 + 𝜸 ∗ 2 (1.52 + 𝑨𝒙 )(𝑥 − 0.3)
1
𝑁𝑥2 = −(−2.644) + 6.008 + 𝜸 ∗ (1.52 + 𝑨𝒙 )(𝑥 − 0.3)
2

Hallando "Ax "

El area sera:

𝑨𝒙 = 𝒃𝒙 𝟐
Por relacion de triangulos:
1.50−𝑏𝑥 1.50−0.35
=
𝑥−0.3 0.3
23
𝒃𝒙 = 1.50 − (𝒙 − 0.3)
6

INGENIERIA
21 CIVIL
Reemplazando:

53 23 𝟐 𝑥 = 0.3 → Ax = 2.25 [m2 ]

𝑨𝒙 = [ − 𝒙] 𝑠𝑖: {
20 6 𝑥 = 0.6 → Ax = 0.1225 [m2 ]
Reemplazando:
1 53 23 𝟐
𝑁𝑥2 = −(−2.644) + 6.008 + 𝜸 ∗ 2 (1.52 + [20 − 𝒙] )(𝑥 − 0.3)
6

1 53 23 𝟐
𝑁𝑥2 = 8.652 + 8.9 ∗ 2 (1.52 + [20 − 𝒙] )(𝑥 − 0.3)
6

53 23 𝟐
𝑵𝒙𝟐 = 8.652 + 4.45(1.52 + [20 − 𝒙] )(𝑥 − 0.3)
6

 𝟎. 𝟔 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D inf]
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = −𝑅𝐴 + w3 + w2 − ∫0.6 𝒒𝒙 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0.6 𝜸𝑨𝟏 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = −(−2.644) + 6.008 + 3.167 − 𝒒 ∫0.6 𝑑𝑥 + 𝜸𝑨𝟑 ∫0.6 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑁𝑥3 = 11.819 − 𝒒[𝑥 ] − 𝜸𝑨𝟑 [𝑥 ]
0.6 0.6
𝑁𝑥3 = 11.819 − 𝟕(𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟔) + 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗𝟎(𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟔)
𝑵𝒙𝟑 = 15.366 − 5.910𝒙

2. ESFUERZOS NORMALES:
𝐍𝐱
𝛔𝐱 =
𝐀

53 23 𝟐
𝐀𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 [𝐦𝟐 ] 𝐀 𝐱 = [20 − 6 𝒙] 𝐀𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓 [𝐦𝟐 ]

 𝟎. 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟑 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 A − B inf]
T
𝑥 = 0.00 → σx1 = 1.175 [m2 ]
𝐍𝐱𝟏 𝟐.𝟔𝟒𝟒+𝟐𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓𝒙 T
𝛔𝐱 𝟏 = = si: 𝑥 = 0.15 → σx1 = 2.510 [m2 ]
𝐀𝟏 𝟐.𝟐𝟓
T
{𝑥 = 0.30 → σx1 = 3.845 [m2 ]

 𝟎. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟔 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 B − C inf]
T
𝟓𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟐 𝑥 = 0.30 → σx 2 = 3.845 [m2 ]
𝐍𝐱𝟐 𝟖.𝟔𝟓𝟐+𝟒.𝟒𝟓(𝟏.𝟓𝟐 +[ − 𝒙] )(𝒙−𝟎.𝟑)
𝟐𝟎 𝟔 T
𝛔𝐱 𝟐 = = 𝟓𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟐
si: 𝑥 = 0.45 → σx 2 = 22.481 [m2 ]
𝐀𝒙 [ − 𝒙]
𝟐𝟎 𝟔 T
{ 𝑥 = 0.60 → σx 2 = 96.484 [m2 ]

INGENIERIA
22 CIVIL
 𝟎. 𝟔 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟔 [𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐌𝐎 C − D inf]

T
𝑥 = 0.6 → σx 3 = 96.489 [ ]
𝐍𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝟓.𝟑𝟔𝟔−𝟓.𝟗𝟏𝟎𝒙 m2
𝛔𝐱 𝟑 = = si: 𝑥 = 1.6 → σx 3 = 48.245 [m2 ]
T
𝐀𝟑 𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓
{ 𝑥 = 2.6 → σx 3 = 0

COMPRESION TRACCION

DIAGRAMA DE ESFUERZOS NORMALES

𝐓
" "
𝐦𝟐
3. VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL:

𝐍𝐱
∆𝐋 = ∑ ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐄𝐀 𝐱
0.3 0.6 2.6
Nx1 Nx2 Nx3
∆L = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0 EA1 0.3 EA2 0.6 EA3
0.3
1 1 0.6 Nx2 1 2.6
∆L = ∫ Nx1 dx + ∫ dx + ∫ Nx3 dx
EA1 0 E 0.3 Ax EA3 0.6
53 23 2
2
1 0.3 1 0.6 8.652+4.45(1.5 +[20− 6 𝑥] )(𝑥−0.3) 1 2.6
∆L = EA ∫0 [2.644 + 20.025𝒙]dx + E ∫0.3 { 53 23 2 } dx + EA ∫0.6 [15.366 − 5.910𝒙]dx
1 [20− 6 𝑥] 3

INGENIERIA
23 CIVIL
 1 1 1
∆L = [1.694] + [6.391] + [11.820]
EA1 E EA3
EA1 = 45 × 106 [T] E = 2.0 × 107 [T/ m2 ] EA3 = 2.45 × 106 [T]
Reemplazando:
1 1 1
∆L = [ 1.694] + [ 6.391] + [11.820] = 5.182 × 10−6 [m]
45 × 106 2.0 × 107 2.45 × 106
∆𝐋 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏𝟖𝟐[𝐦𝐦] 𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐆𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐎

DIAGRAMA DE FUERZAS NORMALES VARIACION ABSOLUTA LONGITUDINAL

“T”

𝐔𝟑 = ∆𝐋 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟒 [𝐦] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟒 [𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
24 CIVIL
 7.- Para la estructura mostrada, determinar los DESPLAZAMIENTOS DE SUS NUDOS:

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:
NUDO “C”
Para el ángulo
3 𝟑
sen 𝛼 = 𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝜶 =
√22 +32 √𝟏𝟑
2 𝟐
cos 𝛼 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 =
√22 +32 √𝟏𝟑
1 𝟏
sen 𝜃 = 𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝜽 =
√12 +42 √𝟏𝟕
4 𝟒
cos 𝜃 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
√12 +42 √𝟏𝟕

𝚺𝐅𝒉 = 𝟎: −𝑁1 sen 𝜃 − 𝑁2 sen 𝛼 + 75 cos 45 = 0

𝟏 𝟑
𝑵𝟏 + 𝑵𝟐 = 𝟕𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝟓 … (𝐞. 𝟏)
√𝟏𝟕 √𝟏𝟑

𝚺𝐅𝒗 = 𝟎: −𝑁1 cos 𝜃 − 𝑁2 cos 𝛼 − 75 sen 45 = 0

𝟒 𝟐
𝑵𝟏 + 𝑵𝟐 = −𝟕𝟓 𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝟒𝟓 … (𝐞. 𝟐)
√𝟏𝟕 √𝟏𝟑

Resolviendo las ecuaciones (𝐞. 𝟏) y (𝐞. 𝟐)

𝐍𝟏 = −𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟑𝟑𝟎 [𝐓] (𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍) 𝑵𝟐 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟔𝟎𝟕 [𝐓] (𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑪𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵)

INGENIERIA
25 CIVIL
2. LEY DE HOOKE:
𝑵𝑳
∆𝐋 =
𝑬𝑨

Kgf 1T 1 m2
EA = 2.0 × 1010 ∗ ∗ 12.5cm 2
∗ = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐓
m2 1000 Kgf 1002 cm2

𝑁1 𝐿1 −109.330 ∗ √17
∆L1 = = = −0.01803[m] → ∆𝐋𝟏 = −𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟑[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 25000
𝑁2 𝐿2 95.607 ∗ √13
∆L2 = = = 0.0138[m] → ∆𝐋𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟎[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 25000
3. ESTUDIO DE LA DEFORMACION:

 NUDO A
𝛅𝐇𝐀 = 𝛅𝐕𝐀 = 𝟎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐃𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐍𝐎
 NUDO B

𝛅𝐇𝐁 = 𝛅𝐕𝐁 = 𝟎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐃𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐍𝐎

 NUDO C
∆L2 13.80
δHC = ̅̅
Cu̅̅ + uC
̅̅̅̅̅′ = + ∆L1 = + |−18.03|
sen α 3
√13
𝛅𝐇𝐂 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟔𝟏𝟔[𝐦𝐦]

3
̅̅̅̅̅′ = ∆L1 tg α = |−18.03| ∗
δVC = uC
2
𝛅𝐕𝐂 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟎𝟒𝟓[𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
26 CIVIL
DIAGRAMA DE FUERZAS NORMALES
“T”

𝐔𝟏 = 𝜹𝑯𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟖 [𝐦] = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟖[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟑 = 𝜹𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟑 [𝐦] = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟑[𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
27 CIVIL
 8.- Para la estructura mostrada, determinar los DESPLAZAMIENTOS DE SUS NUDOS:

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:
NUDO “C”

𝚺𝐅𝒉 = 𝟎: −𝑁1 − 100 sen 30 = 0

𝐍𝟏 = −𝟓𝟎√𝟑 [𝐓](𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍)
𝚺𝐅𝒗 = 𝟎: −𝑁2 − 100 cos 30 = 0
𝐍𝟐 = −𝟓𝟎 [𝐓](𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍)

NUDO “A”
Para el ángulo “𝜃”:
2.5 𝟐.𝟓
sen 𝜃 = 𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝜽 =
√2.52 +62 √𝟒𝟐.𝟐𝟓
6 𝟔
cos 𝜃 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
√2.52+62 √𝟒𝟐.𝟐𝟓

𝚺𝐅𝒉 = 𝟎: 𝑁3 cos 𝜃 + 𝑉𝐴 sen 𝜃 + 𝑁1 − 50 = 0

𝟔 𝟐.𝟓
𝑵𝟑 + 𝑽𝑨 − 𝟓𝟎√𝟑 = 𝟓𝟎 … (𝐞. 𝟏)
√𝟒𝟐.𝟐𝟓 √𝟒𝟐.𝟐𝟓

𝚺𝐅𝒗 = 𝟎: −𝑁3 sen 𝜃 + 𝑉𝐴 cos 𝜃 = 0

𝟐.𝟓 𝟔
− 𝑵𝟑 + 𝑽𝑨 = 𝟎 … (𝐞. 𝟐)
√𝟒𝟐.𝟐𝟓 √𝟒𝟐.𝟐𝟓

Resolviendo las ecuaciones (𝐞. 𝟏) y (𝐞. 𝟐)

𝐍𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟗𝟓 [𝐓] (𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍)

INGENIERIA
28 CIVIL
 𝑽𝑨 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟗 [𝐓]

2. LEY DE HOOKE:
𝑵𝑳
∆𝐋 =
𝑬𝑨

A = (8)(0.5) + (4)(0.5) + (10 − 0.5 − 0.5)(1.5) = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦𝟐

Kgf 1T
EA = 2.1 × 106 2 ∗ ∗ 19.5cm2 ∗= 𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝐓
cm 1000 Kgf

𝑁1 𝐿1 −50√3 ∗ 6
∆L1 = = = −0.01269[m] → ∆𝐋𝟏 = −𝟏𝟐. 𝟔𝟗[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 40950
𝑁2 𝐿2 −50 ∗ 2.5
∆L2 = = = −0.00305[m] → ∆𝐋𝟐 = −𝟑. 𝟎𝟓[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 40950
𝑁3 𝐿3 126.095 ∗ √42.25
∆L3 = = = 0.02002[m] → ∆𝐋𝟑 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟎𝟐[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 40950

3. ESTUDIO DE LA DEFORMACION:

 NUDO A
𝛅𝐇𝐀 = ∆𝐋𝟑 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟎𝟐[𝐦𝐦]
 NUDO B

𝛅𝐇𝐁 = 𝛅𝐕𝐁 = 𝟎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐃𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐍𝐎

 NUDO C
̅̅̅̅̅̅ + ̅̅̅̅̅ 6
δHC = C"C′ C ′ 𝐶 = ∆L1 + ∆L3 cos θ = |−12.69| + 20.02 ∗
√42.25
𝛅𝐇𝐂 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟕𝟎[𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
29 CIVIL
 δVC = ̅̅̅̅̅
CC " = ∆L2 = |−3.05|

𝛅𝐕𝐂 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟓[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟏 = 𝜹𝑯𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎 [𝐦] = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟎[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟑 = 𝜹𝑽𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟎 [𝐦] = 𝟎. 𝟎[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟏 = 𝜹𝑯𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟐 [𝐦] = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟐[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟑 = 𝜹𝑯𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟏 [𝐦] = 𝟑. 𝟏[𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
30 CIVIL
 9.- En la cercha de la figura todas las barras tienen la misma longitud, sección
transversal y están fabricadas del mismo material. Determinar:
a) La sección transversal óptima.
b) El esquema grafico de la deformada.
c) El desplazamiento en los nudos.

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO INTERNO:
NUDO “D”

𝚺𝐅𝒉 = 𝟎: −𝑁2 cos 60 + 𝑁3 cos 60 = 0

−𝑵𝟐 + 𝑵𝟑 = 𝟎 … (𝐞. 𝟏)
𝚺𝐅𝒗 = 𝟎: 𝑁1 sen 60 + 𝑁3 sen 60 − 𝑃 = 0
√𝟑 √𝟑
𝑵𝟐 + 𝑵𝟑 = 𝟖𝟎 … (𝐞. 𝟐)
𝟐 𝟐

Resolviendo las ecuaciones (𝐞. 𝟏) y (𝐞. 𝟐)

𝐍𝟐 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟏𝟖𝟖 [𝐓] (𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍) 𝐍𝟑 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟏𝟖𝟖 [𝐓] (𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍)
NUDO “C”

𝚺𝐅𝒗 = 𝟎: 𝑁1 sen 60 + 𝑁2 sen 60 = 0

𝐍𝟏 = −𝟒𝟔. 𝟏𝟖𝟖 [𝐓] (𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍)
𝚺𝐅𝒉 = 𝟎: −𝑁1 cos 60 +𝑁2 cos 60 + 𝑁4 = 0
𝐍𝟒 = −𝟒𝟔. 𝟏𝟖𝟖 [𝐓] (𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍)

INGENIERIA
31 CIVIL
2. DIMENSIONAMIENTO:

𝐍max
σadm =
A
Donde:
t t
A = 2∗ ∗ 5t + t (15t − 2 ∗ ) = 𝟏𝟗𝐭 𝟐
2 2
• TRACCION
𝑵𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝒕
𝑨=
𝛔𝐚𝐝𝐦,𝐭
Si:
T
σadm,t = 1.75 , Nmax,t = N2 = 46.188 T, A = 19 t2
cm2
Reemplazando:
46.188 𝑇
19 t2 =
T
1.75 2
cm

𝐭 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟕𝟗 [𝐜𝐦]

• COMPRESION
𝑵𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝒄
𝑨=
𝛔𝐚𝐝𝐦,𝐜
Si:
T
σadm,c = 1.25 , Nmax,c = N1 = −46.188 T, A = 19 t2
cm2
Reemplazando:
⌈−46.188 𝑇⌉
19 t2 =
T
1.25 2
cm

𝐭 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟗𝟒 [𝐜𝐦]

Elegimos el mayor valor:

𝐭 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟗𝟒 [𝐜𝐦] → 𝐀 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟗𝟕𝟒 [𝐜𝐦𝟐 ] = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟗𝟕𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 [𝐦𝟐 ]

3. LEY DE HOOKE:
𝑵𝑳
∆𝐋 =
𝑬𝑨

T
EA = 2.1 × 107 2
∗ 3.6974 × 10−3 m2 ∗= 𝟕𝟕𝟔𝟒𝟓. 𝟒 𝐓
m

𝑁1 𝐿1 −46.188 ∗ 5
∆L1 = = = −2.974 × 10−3 [m] → ∆𝐋𝟏 = −𝟐. 𝟗𝟕𝟒[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 77645.4
𝑁2 𝐿2 46.188 ∗ 5
∆L2 = = = 2.974 × 10−3 [m] → ∆𝐋𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟕𝟒[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 77645.4

INGENIERIA
32 CIVIL
En consecuencia: ∆𝐋𝟑 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟕𝟒[𝐦𝐦] ∆𝐋𝟒 = −𝟐. 𝟗𝟕𝟒[𝐦𝐦]
4. ESTUDIO DE LA DEFORMACION:

 NUDO A
𝛅𝐇𝐀 = 𝛅𝐕𝐀 = 𝟎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐃𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐍𝐎
 NUDO B
𝛅𝐇𝐁 = 𝛅𝐕𝐁 = 𝟎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐃𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐍𝐎
 NUDO C
𝛅𝐇𝐂 = ∆𝐋𝟒 = −𝟐. 𝟗𝟕𝟒[𝐦𝐦]

δVC = ̅̅̅̅
CC′ = ∆L4 tg 60 = |−2.974| tg 60

𝛅𝐕𝐂 = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟓𝟏[𝐦𝐦]
 NUDO D
𝛅𝐇𝐃 = 𝟐 ∗ ∆𝐋𝟒 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟒𝟖[𝐦𝐦]

̅̅̅̅̅ + D′D"
δVC = DD′ ̅̅̅̅̅̅ = δVC + ∆L4 tg 30 = 5.151 + |−2.974| tg 30

𝛅𝐕𝐃 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟔𝟖[𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
33 CIVIL
𝐔𝟏 = 𝜹𝑯𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟎[𝐦] = 𝟑. 𝟎[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟑 = 𝜹𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟐 [𝐦] = 𝟓. 𝟐[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟏 = 𝜹𝑯𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟗[𝐦] = 𝟓. 𝟗[𝐦𝐦]

𝐔𝟑 = 𝜹𝑯𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗[𝐦] = 𝟔. 𝟗[𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
34 CIVIL
 10.- Para la estructura de la figura, determinar los DESPLAZAMIENTOS NODALES.

SOLUCION
1. ANALISIS ESTATICO:
a). EQUILIBRIO EXTERNO:

3.7
𝚺𝐌𝑨 = 𝟎: −100(3.7) − 80(2.2) + (2.2)𝐍𝟏 sen 30 − 10(3.7) ( ) = 0
2

𝐍𝟏 = 𝟓𝟓𝟖. 𝟓𝟗𝟏 [𝐓] (𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍)

2. LEY DE HOOKE:
𝑵𝑳
∆𝐋 =
𝑬𝑨

T 𝜋
EA = 2.1 × 107 ∗ (0.025)2 m2 ∗= 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟓𝟏 𝐓
m2 4

2.20
𝑁1 𝐿1 558.591 ∗ cos 30
∆L1 = = = 0.1376[m] → ∆𝐋𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟔[𝐦𝐦]
𝐸𝐴 10308.351

INGENIERIA
35 CIVIL
3. ESTUDIO DE LA DEFORMACION:

 NUDO A
𝛅𝐇𝐀 = 𝛅𝐕𝐀 = 𝟎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐃𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐍𝐎
 NUDO C
𝛅𝐇𝐂 = 𝟎

∆L1 13.76
δVC = ̅̅̅̅̅
CC ′ = =
cos 30 cos 30

𝛅𝐕𝐂 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟗[𝐦𝐦]

 NUDO D
𝛅𝐇𝐃 = 𝟎

δVD = ̅̅̅̅̅
DD′
Por relación de triángulos:
𝛿𝑉𝐷 𝛿𝑉𝐶
=
3.7 2.2

𝛿𝑉𝐶 15.889
𝛿𝑉𝐷 = ∗ 3.7 = ∗ 3.7
2.2 2.2

𝛅𝐕𝐃 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟕𝟐𝟐[𝐦𝐦]

INGENIERIA
36 CIVIL