Unidad Ii - Contenido - Gramática Inglesa I-3

Gramática Inglesa I –
Unidad II
GRAMÁTICA INGLESA - UNIDAD II
INTRODUCTION:
English grammar is very important for the students, they must manage all the
English structure to be able to have a good training as professionals. To be good
professionals they must handle vast amount of vocabulary, good writting, reading
and listening process, all these topics mentioned are going to be used in this unit
to achieve the goal. That is the reason the use of prepositions, verb tenses, and
the classification of verbs (regular and irregular verbs) are included in this unit.
La gramática inglesa es muy importante para los alumnos, ellos deben manejar
estructura del inglés para poder tener una buena formación como profesionales.
Para lograr esto deben tener una vasta cantidad de vocabulario, un buen proceso
en la escritura, lectura y escucha. Todos estos aspectos se incluyen en esta
unidad con el fin de lograr el objetivo. Esta es la razón por la cual el uso de las
preposiciones, tiempos verbales y la clasificación de los verbos (regulares e
irregulares) se incluyen en esta unidad.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
 To adquired knowledge related to verb tenses and modal verbs.

 Adquirir conocimientos relacionados a los tiempos verbales y a modos
verbales.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
 Identify the use of different prepositions.

 Differentiate the use of regular and irregular verbs.
 Write senteces using the present perfect tense and present perfect
continous.
 Identificar el uso de las diferentes preposiciones.

 Diferenciar el uso de los verbos regulares e irregulares.
 Escribir oraciones usando el presente perfecto y el presente perfecto
continuo.
Specific Objectives:
Desarrollo
1.- Prepositions.
In English there are a lot of prepositions; at, in, on, under, behind, En Inglés hay
muchas preposiciones, por ejemplo: at, in, on, under, behind. (Hutchinson,
2014)
In
It means en, it is used with the following expressions. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa “en”. Se usa con las siguientes expresiones:
In a mall
In a shop
In a car
In a garden, kitchen
In Canadá
In bed
In prisión
In hospital
In a taxi
In the middle of
Examples:
Where are you? I am in the garden.
Tom Works in a big shop.
Where is your mother? She is in the hospital.

At
It means en, a. It is used with the following expressions. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa en, a. Se usa con las siguientes expresiones:
At the bus stop
At the door
At the trafic lights
At the desk
At home
At work
At school
At the university
At the station
At the airport
At school
Examples:
I am working at my desk.
I am at the airport waiting to my friends.
She must be at the university.
On
It means sobre, encima de, it is used with the following expressions.
(Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa sobre, encima de. Se usa con las siguientes expresiones:

on the floor
on a Wall
on a door
on the ceiling
on the grass
on a bus
on a train
on a ship
on a plane
on the way
Examples:
Don’t sit on the grass.
There are a lot of pictures on the wall.
Do you come here on the bus?
I met you on the way to the school.
Under
It means debajo. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa debajo.
Example
The cat is under the table.

Next to
It means al lado de. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa al lado de.
Example
I live next to my broher’s house.
Between
It means en medio de. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa en medio de.
Example
Peter is sitting between Paul and John.
In front of
It means en frente de. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa en frente de.
Example
I live in front a supermarket.

Behind
I t means detrás de. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa detrás de.
Example
You are standing behind me.
Above
It means por encima de, sobre. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Significa por encima de, sobre.
Example
The pictures are above the shelves.
2.- Regular and irregular verbs

In English there are regular and irregular verbs. En inglés hay dos tipos de
verbos: los regulares y los irregulares. (Hutchinson, 2014)
REGULAR VERBS
You just add the ed to the verb, so in this way the verb is past
Para pasar un verbo regular del presente al pasado solo se le agrega la ed al

verbo en presente.
Tabla 1
Present – Presente Past - Pasado
Work worked
Clean cleaned
Study studied
Wash washed
Play played
Fuente: Elaboración propia del autor
IRREGULAR VERBS
They change in present and past and past participle. they do not follow any rule.
Los verbos irregulares cambian en presente, pasado y pasado participio. Ellos
no siguen una regla que nos ayude, así como en los verbos regulares.
(Hutchinson, 2014)
Tabla 2
PRESENT PAST
Presente Pasado
Become Became
Begin Began
Blow Blew
Break Broke
Buy Bought
Come Came
Cut Cut
Come Came
Drive Drove
Eat Ate
Fly Flew
Find Found
Forget Forgot
Get Got
Grow Grew
Give Gave
Go Went
Have Had
Hear Heard
Hit Hit
Keep Kept
Meet Met
Make Made
Read Read
Speak Spoke
Take Took
Write Wrote
Elaboración propia del autor
3.- Present Perfect Tense. Presente

Perfecto
This tense is used to talk about actions that you did in the past then you stopped,
this activity can continue or not in the future. There is a conecction with the
present. El presente perfecto se usa para hablar de cosas que se hicieron en el
pasado, luego por alguna razón se dejó de hacer. Esta actividad puede continuar
en el futuro o no. Siempre hay una conexión con el presente. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Stucture: Estructura
Have + Past Participle Have + Pasado participio
Has Has
Examples:
Affirmative form: Orden para hacer oraciones afirmativas.
Subject + Have or has + past participle + complement
Sujeto + have o has + pasado participio + complemento
I have lived all my life here. Yo he vivido aquí toda mi vida
Interrogative form: Orden para hacer oraciones interrogativas.
Have or has + subject + past participle + complement?
Have o has + sujeto + pasado participio + complemento?
Have I lived all my life here? ¿He yo vivido aquí toda mi vida?
Negative form: Orden para hacer oraciones negativas
Subject + have or has + past participle + complement
I have not lived all my life here. Yo no he vivido aquí toda mi vida
Extended form, contraction. Forma extendida, contracción.
Have not haven´t
Examples:
You have cleaned your room Yo he limpiado mi pieza
Have you cleaned your room? ¿He yo limpiado mi pieza?
I have not cleaned your room Yo no he limpiado mi pieza

We have gone to Usa Nosotros hemos ido a los Estados Unidos
Have we gone to Usa? ¿Hemos ido a los Estados Unidos?
We have not gone to Usa Nosotros no hemos a los Estados Unidos
Have: it has two functions: Have tiene dos funciones
a. Verb a Verbo
b. Auxiliar b Auxiliar
3.1. Verb. Verbo.

I have a car
She has a big house
We have a good school
When we have + noun: it works as verb
Cuando tenemos have o has + sustantivo: actúa como verbo.
3.2. Auxiliar. Auxiliar.
He has gone to Usa.
She has played the piano.
When we have or has + past participle: it works as auxiliar
Cuando tenemos have o has + pasado participio: actúa como auxiliar

We also have to remember that have and has are used with different subjects.
Debemos recordar que have y has se usan con ciertos sujetos. (Hutchinson,
2014)
You
We have
they
he
she has
it
We also have just, already, yet, these words are used with present perfect
tense. Tenemos ciertas estructuras como just, already, yet que se usan con el
presente perfecto. (Hutchinson, 2014)
3.3. Just.
A short time ago. Significa: Recién – acabo de.
Examples:
I have just arrived here. Yo recién llegué.
I have just had dinner. Yo acabo de cenar.
I am afraid he has just gone. Me temo que el recién llego.

Word order to use just: Orden en que se usa just en una oración
Have + just + past participe Have + just + pasado participio
Has Has
3.4. Already.
Before you expected. Significa ya, ahora mismo, antes de los esperado.
(Hutchinson, 2014)
Examples:
They have already arrived. Ellos ya han llegado.
Ann has already gone. Ana ya ha llegado.
We have already met. Nosotros ya nos hemos encontrado.
Word order to use already: Orden para usar already en oraciones
Have + already + past participle Have + already + pasado participio
Has Has
3.5. Yet.
Until now. Significa: aún, todavía. It is used in negative sentences and
questions. Se usa en oraciones negativas e interrogativas. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Examples:
They haven’t arrived yet. Ellos aún no han llegado.
I haven’t told him yet. Yo aún no le he dicho a él.

Word order to use yet: Orden para usar yet en oraciones
Have negative + past participle + yet.
Has
Have negative + pasado participio + yet
Has
Example:
I haven’t studied for the exam yet.
4.- Past participe.

This has the meaning ado, ido, to, cho. El pasado participio tiene el significado
de ado, ido, to, cho. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Tabla 3: Relación infinitivo - pasado- participio castellano.
Infinitivo Pasado Participio
Comer comió comido
Ir fue ido
Comprar compró comprado
Cocinar cocinó cocinado
Past participle is used with perfect tenses: present perfect tense, present perfect
continuos, past perfect, past perfect continuos etc. El pasado participio se usa
con los tiempos verbales: presentes perfectos, pasados perfecto. (Hutchinson,
2014)
Tabla 4
PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Be was, were Been
Become Became Become
Begin Began Begun
Break Broke Broken
Buy Bought Bought
Come Came Come
Drive Drove Driven
Eat Ate Eaten
Fall Fell Fallen
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Fly Flew Flown
Go Went Gone
Get Got Gotten

Give Gave Given
Have Had Had
Hear Heard Heard
Hit Hit Hit
Know Knew Known
Make Made Made
Meet Met Met
Pay Paid Paid
Read Read Read
See Saw Seen
Write Wrote Written

5.-Present Perfect Progressive or

Continous. Presente Perfecto
Progresivo O Continuo.
The action started in the past and still continous until the present it never stop.
(Hutchinson, 2014) La acción se inició en el pasado y aún continua no se dejó
de hacer nunca.
Structure:
Affirmative form: Orden para hacer oraciones afirmativas
Subject +Have + been + verb with ing
Has
Sujeto + have + been + verb con ing
Example:
I have been teaching for 20 years. Yo he estado enseñando por 20 años.
Interrogative form: Orden para hacer oraciones interrogativas
Have + Subject + been + verb with ing?
Has
Have + sujeto + been + verbo con ing?
Example:
Have you been working here all your life? ¿Has estado trabajando aquí toda
tu vida?
When questions are required How long is used: Cuando se requiere hacer
preguntas se usa How long? ¿Hace cuánto tiempo?
Examples:
How long have they been married?
¿Hace cuánto tiempo han estado ellos casados?
How long have you known them?
¿Hace cuánto tiempo tú has conocido a ellos?
NEGATIVE FORM: Orden para hacer oraciones negativas
subject+ have not + been+ verbs con ing
has
Sujeto + have not + been + verbos con ing
Has
Example:
I have not been teaching for 20 years.
Yo no he estado enseñando por 20 años
More examples:
She has been married for 10 years
Ella ha estado casada por 10 años
I have been Known her a long time ago.
Yo la he conocido a ella desde hace mucho tiempo.
She has been playing in the garden.
Ella ha jugado en el jardín.

6.-Agreeing and Disagreeing.
There are a lot of expressions used to express if the person is agree or not with
others. Here there are some of them. Hay muchas expresiones que se usan para
expresar si la persona esta o de acuerdo on otros. Aquí hay algunas de las
expresiones usadas. (Hutchinson, 2014)
Agreeing: Disagreeing:
I agree with you I totally disagree with you
I agree with you 100 percent I don’t think so
I feel the same as you That is not true
I approve it Not necessarily
Of course No way
I think so Yes, but
That is true I’m sorry
Exactly the same I’m sure about that
Absolutely I’m afraid I disagree
I totally agree I don’t feel the same
7.- Contrasting and Comparing

Pictures.
When there are pictures and they must be comparing or contrast, some steps
must be followed. (Hutchinson, 2014) Cuando hay fotos, y deben ser
comparadas o contrastadas se pueden seguir algunos pasos.
Give a brief description about it. Dar una descripción sobre el mismo
Say the similarities they have. Expresar las similitudes que ambos
tienen.
Say the differences they have. Expresar las diferencias que ambos
tienen.
Tips that will help yo to describe pictures and then it will be possible to compare
or contrast. (Hutchinson, 2014). Ideas que ayudarán a describir fotos y que te
permitirán contrastar o comparar.
Describe all the things you observe in the picture. Describe todo lo que observas.
 Use prepositions to describe where they are; in front of, in the middle,
behind, in, at etc. Puedes usar preposiciones para describir donde se
encuentran; en frente de, en el medio de, atrás, en etc.
 Use verb tenses. Usa tiempos verbales. It is possible to describe clothes,
weather etc. Es posible describir ropas, el clima etc.
 Use adjectives for example: happy, sad, tired. Usa adjetivos, por
ejemplo: feliz, tiste, cansado etc. It is possible to describe how the picture
make you feel. Es posible describir cómo te hace sentir la foto.
*Words to express similarities: too, all, both, as well, also, some
*Words to express differences: on the other hand, but, althought, whereas,
*Words to express reaction:
I love that
I hate that
It sounds great
It looks great
It makes me so happy
It makes so sad
VIDEOS
 Ochoa F. (2018) Ingles fácil Present perfect tense vs. Present perfect
continuos 10 de julio del 2018.Recuperado:
https://youtu.be/HRl2HDCy_8o
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
1.- Bibliografía Básica
 HUTCHINSON.T. (4th edition) (2014), Project Oxford University Press

New.
 GUDE K, W J. (3rd edition) Matrix Upper intermedia student´s book and
workbook. Oxford University Press.
2.- Bibliografía Complementaria
 RAYMOND Murphy (2019) (5th edition. A self reference and practice

book for intermedia learners of English). Cambridge University Press.
3.- Biblioteca Virtual UPAP
 HERRERO SALAS, F. (2018). Elements of English Grammar (2a. ed.).

Madrid, Spain: Bubok Publishing S.L. Recuperado de
https://elibro.net/es/lc/biblioupap/titulos/51438

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Gramática Inglesa I –

 To adquired knowledge related to verb tenses and modal verbs.

 Identify the use of different prepositions.

 Identificar el uso de las diferentes preposiciones.

Significa “en”. Se usa con las siguientes expresiones:

Where are you? I am in the garden.

Tom Works in a big shop.

Where is your mother? She is in the hospital.

Significa en, a. Se usa con las siguientes expresiones:

At the bus stop

At the trafic lights

I am at the airport waiting to my friends.

She must be at the university.

Significa sobre, encima de. Se usa con las siguientes expresiones:

Don’t sit on the grass.

There are a lot of pictures on the wall.

Do you come here on the bus?

I met you on the way to the school.

The cat is under the table.

Significa al lado de.

I live next to my broher’s house.

Significa en medio de.

Peter is sitting between Paul and John.

Significa en frente de.

I live in front a supermarket.

Significa detrás de.

You are standing behind me.

Significa por encima de, sobre.

The pictures are above the shelves.

2.- Regular and irregular verbs

Para pasar un verbo regular del presente al pasado solo se le agrega la ed al

Present – Presente Past - Pasado

Fuente: Elaboración propia del autor

Elaboración propia del autor

3.- Present Perfect Tense. Presente

Have + Past Participle Have + Pasado participio

Affirmative form: Orden para hacer oraciones afirmativas.

Subject + Have or has + past participle + complement

Sujeto + have o has + pasado participio + complemento

I have lived all my life here. Yo he vivido aquí toda mi vida

Interrogative form: Orden para hacer oraciones interrogativas.

Have or has + subject + past participle + complement?

Have o has + sujeto + pasado participio + complemento?

Negative form: Orden para hacer oraciones negativas

Subject + have or has + past participle + complement

Extended form, contraction. Forma extendida, contracción.

Have not haven´t

You have cleaned your room Yo he limpiado mi pieza

Have you cleaned your room? ¿He yo limpiado mi pieza?

I have not cleaned your room Yo no he limpiado mi pieza

We have gone to Usa Nosotros hemos ido a los Estados Unidos

Have we gone to Usa? ¿Hemos ido a los Estados Unidos?

We have not gone to Usa Nosotros no hemos a los Estados Unidos

Have: it has two functions: Have tiene dos funciones

3.1. Verb. Verbo.

She has a big house

We have a good school

When we have + noun: it works as verb

Cuando tenemos have o has + sustantivo: actúa como verbo.

3.2. Auxiliar. Auxiliar.

He has gone to Usa.

She has played the piano.