Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
𝑦2 + 1 2 𝑦2
𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑦 −1+ ) 𝑑𝑦 ⟹ 𝐼2 = − 𝑦 + 2 ln(𝑦 + 1) … (𝜸)
𝑦+1 𝑦+1 2
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 (𝜷) 𝒚 (𝜸) ⟹ (𝜶)
1 2
𝑦2 𝑙𝑛𝐶
ln(𝑥 + 1) − [ − 𝑦 + 2 ln(𝑦 + 1)] = ; 𝑚/𝑚 ∗ 2
2 2 2
𝑙𝑛(𝑥 2 + 1) − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑙𝑛(𝑦 + 1) = 𝑙𝑛𝐶
log 𝑏 𝑎 + log 𝑏 𝑐 = log 𝑏 𝑎𝑐
𝑎
log 𝑏 𝑎 − log 𝑏 𝑐 = log 𝑏
𝑐
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑎 = log 𝑏 𝑎 𝑛
𝑝 = log 𝑏 𝑏 𝑝
{ log 𝑏 𝑏 = 1
2 +2𝑦 2 +2𝑦
(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑒 −𝑦 (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑒 −𝑦
ln [ ] = 𝑙𝑛𝐶 ⟹ =𝐶
(𝑦 + 1)4 (𝑦 + 1)4
𝟐
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒆−𝒚 +𝟐𝒚 = 𝑪(𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟒 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
Ejemplo.3.- Encontrar la solución particular de la EDO:
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
√ + 𝑦 ′ = 0 ; 𝑦(𝜋) = 0
1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 4
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
√ + = 0 ; 𝑚/𝑚 ∗ 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
√1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + √1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑚/𝑚:
∫ √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ √1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −𝐶
𝐼1 + 𝐼2 = −𝐶 … (𝜶)
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1
𝐼1 = ∫ √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ; { 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 = ; cos2 𝑥 =
2 2
𝐼1 = ∫ √2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √2 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⟹ 𝐼1 = −√2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 … (𝜷)
√1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝐼2 = ∫ √1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ √1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ( ) 𝑑𝑦
√1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
√1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑦
𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦
√1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑢2 = 1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 ; 𝑠𝑒𝑎: {
√1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑑𝑦 ⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑑𝑦 = −2𝑢𝑑𝑢
−2𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑢
𝐼2 = ∫ = −2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = −2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑢 ⟹ 𝐼2 = −2√1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 … (𝜸)
√𝑢2 𝑢
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 (𝜷) 𝒚 (𝜸) ⟹ (𝜶)
−√2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 2√1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 = −𝐶
(𝜆𝑥)9 𝑥9 𝑥9
𝑓(𝜆𝑥,𝜆𝑦) = √(𝜆𝑥𝜆𝑦)4 − 8 4
= √𝜆 (𝑥𝑦) − 𝜆8 8 4
= √𝜆 ((𝑥𝑦) − )
𝜆𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
4 √(
𝑥9 𝒇(𝝀𝒙,𝝀𝒚) = 𝝀𝟒 𝒇(𝒙,𝒚)
𝑓(𝜆𝑥,𝜆𝑦) = 𝜆 𝑥𝑦)4 − ⟹{
𝑦 𝒆𝒔 𝒉𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒈. 𝒅𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝟒
Solución de una EDO Homogénea: Toda EDO que es homogénea, es
reducible a una EDO de variables separables:
𝑀(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀(𝜆𝑥,𝜆𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝜆𝑥,𝜆𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 𝜆𝑛 𝑀(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝜆𝑛 𝑁(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ; 𝒎/𝒎: ÷ 𝒙𝒏
𝒚
𝒛 = ⟹ 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒛
𝜆𝑛 𝑀(𝑘 ,𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝜆𝑛 𝑁(𝑘 ,𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜: { 𝒙
1𝑥 2𝑥
𝒅𝒚 = 𝒛𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝒅𝒛
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍: 𝑤 = 𝑓(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) ⟹ 𝑑𝑤 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑦 2 𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑦 2
√
(1 + ( ) 1 + ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥 − √ 1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑎: 𝑧 = ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑧 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑧𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑧
𝑥
(1 + 𝑧 2 √1 + 𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑧√1 + 𝑧 2 (𝑧𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑧) = 0
(1 + 𝑧 2 √1 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑧 2 √1 + 𝑧 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑧 √1 + 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑧 √1 + 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 = 0 ; 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝐸𝑁 𝑉. 𝑆.
𝑑𝑥
− 𝑧√1 + 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 = 0 ; 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑚/𝑚:
𝑥
𝐶
𝑙𝑛𝑥 − ∫ 𝑧√1 + 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 = … (𝜶)
3
2 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑧√1 + 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 ; 𝑠𝑒𝑎: {𝑢 = 1 + 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑢 = √1 + 𝑧
2
3 2
𝐼 = ln(3𝑧 + 1) + ln(𝑧 + 2) … (𝜷)
5 5
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 (𝜷) ⟹ (𝜶):
3 2 𝑙𝑛𝐶
𝑙𝑛𝑢 + ln(3𝑧 + 1) + ln(𝑧 + 2) = ; 𝑚/𝑚 ∗ 5
5 5 5
5𝑙𝑛𝑢 + 3𝑙𝑛(3𝑧 + 1) + 2𝑙𝑛(𝑧 + 2) = 𝑙𝑛𝐶
ln[𝑢5 (3𝑧 + 1)3 (𝑧 + 2)2 ] = 𝑙𝑛𝐶
𝑢5 (3𝑧 + 1)3 (𝑧 + 2)2 = 𝐶
1
1 2𝑥 − 1 𝑣 𝑦 − 3 2 3𝑦 − 1
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜: 𝑢 = 𝑥 − = ; 𝑧= = = ( )
2 2 𝑢 𝑥 − 1 3 2𝑥 − 1
2
5 3 2
2𝑥 − 1 2 3𝑦 − 1 2 3𝑦 − 1
( ) (3 ( ) + 1) ( ( ) + 2) = 𝐶
2 3 2𝑥 − 1 3 2𝑥 − 1
2𝑥 − 1 5 6𝑦 − 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 3 6𝑦 − 2 + 12𝑥 − 6 2
( ) ( ) ( ) =𝐶
2 2𝑥 − 1 3(2𝑥 − 1)
1 5 3
12𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 8 2
( ) (2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3) ( ) =𝐶
2 3
(2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3)3 (12𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 8)2 = 𝐶 (3)2 (2)5
(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟑 (𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟖)𝟐 = 𝑪 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍, 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
Ejemplo.14.- Integre la EDO:
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1
=
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 5
(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 5)𝑑𝑦 = 0
Hallamos h y k:
2ℎ + 3𝑘 + 1 = 0 … (𝟏) 1
{ ⟹ 𝑑𝑒 (𝟏): 𝑘 = (−1 − 2ℎ) … (𝟑)
3ℎ − 2𝑘 − 5 = 0 … (𝟐) 3
1
(𝟑) ⟹ (𝟐): 3ℎ − 2 (−1 − 2ℎ) − 5 = 0 ⟹ 9ℎ + 2 + 4ℎ − 15 = 0
3
13ℎ = 13 ⟹ 𝒉 = 𝟏
1
𝑘 = (−1 − 2(1)) ⟹ 𝒌 = −𝟏
3
𝑥 =ℎ+𝑢 𝑥 =1+𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑎: { ⟹{ ⟹{
𝑦 =𝑘+𝑣 𝑦 = −1 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣
1er) Método:
𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑎: 𝒇(𝒙,𝒚) = 𝑪
𝑔(′𝑦) = 0 ⟹ 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝐶1
𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶1 = 𝐶2
𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 𝐶2 − 𝐶1
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚 = 𝑪 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
2do) Método: Método de las trayectorias:
𝑥 𝑦
𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥,𝑦0 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑁(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥0 𝑦0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 =0
∫ (2𝑥𝑦0 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦0 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶 ; { 0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑦0 = 0
0 0
𝑦
∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
0
[𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦]0𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 − 𝑥 2 0 + 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛0 = 𝐶
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚 = 𝑪 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍
3er) Método: Reorganizando e identificando diferenciales exactos
(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦) − (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦) = 0
𝑑 (𝑥 2 𝑦) − 𝑑(𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦) = 𝑑𝐶 ; 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑚/𝑚:
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚 = 𝑪 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍
Ejemplo.16.- Obtenga la Solución General de la EDO:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
(2𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2𝑦 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
(2𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥2𝑦 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
𝑀 = 2𝑥 + ; 𝑁=−
𝑥2𝑦 𝑥𝑦 2
𝝏𝑴(𝒙,𝒚) 𝝏𝑵(𝒙,𝒚)
= ⟹ 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝐷𝐼𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝑈𝐿𝐸𝑅!
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
𝑢 ′ 𝑢′ 𝑣 − 𝑢𝑣′
( ) =
𝑣 𝑣2
2 2 2 2
𝜕𝑀 2𝑦(𝑥 𝑦) − (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑥 2𝑦(𝑦) − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝜕𝑀 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
= = ⟹ = 2 2
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 4𝑦2 𝑥2𝑦2 𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜕𝑁 2𝑥(𝑥𝑦 ) − (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑦 −2𝑥(𝑥) + (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 𝜕𝑁 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
=− = ⟹ = 2 2
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 2𝑦4 𝑥2𝑦2 𝜕𝑥 𝑥 𝑦
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝐸𝑋𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐴!
Solución de la EDO:
𝑥 𝑦
𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥,𝑦0 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑁(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥0 𝑦0
𝑥
𝑥 + 2
𝑦02 𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦2 2
𝑥0 = 1
∫ (2𝑥 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (− ) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶1 ; {
𝑥0 𝑥 𝑦0 𝑦0 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦0 = 1
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
∫ (2𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶1
1 𝑥2 1 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑥 𝑦
1 𝑥 1
∫ (2𝑥 + 1 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ( 2 + ) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶1
1 𝑥 1 𝑦 𝑥
𝑥
2
1 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
[𝑥 + 𝑥 − ] − [− + ] = 𝐶1
𝑥1 𝑦 𝑥1
1 1 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 1
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − − 12 − 1 + − (− + ) + (− + ) = 𝐶1
𝑥 1 𝑦 𝑥 1 𝑥
𝒙 𝒚
𝒙𝟐 − − = 𝑪 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
𝒚 𝒙
Ejemplo.17.- Obtenga la Solución General de la EDO:
(𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 + 2𝑥 ; 𝑁 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 3
𝝏𝑴(𝒙,𝒚) 𝝏𝑵(𝒙,𝒚)
= ⟹ 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝐷𝐼𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝑈𝐿𝐸𝑅!
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
(𝑢𝑣)′ = 𝑢′ 𝑣 + 𝑢𝑣 ′ ; (𝑢𝑣𝑤 )′ = 𝑢′ 𝑣𝑤 + 𝑢𝑣 ′ 𝑤 + 𝑢𝑣𝑤′
𝜕𝑀
= 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑁
= 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝜕𝑥
∆
𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: − = 𝒈(𝒚) ⟹ 𝝁(𝒚) = 𝒆∫ 𝒈(𝒚) 𝒅𝒚
𝑴
3ro) Depende de “x,y”:
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑎: ∆= −
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝒙, 𝒚: 𝒛 = 𝒇(𝒙,𝒚)
𝒛 = 𝒙𝒚 ; 𝒛 = 𝒙 + 𝒚 ; 𝒛 = 𝒙 − 𝒚 ; 𝒛 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 ; 𝒛 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ; 𝒛 = 𝒆𝒕𝒄
∆
𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: = 𝒉(𝒛) ⟹ 𝝁(𝒛) = 𝒆∫ 𝒉(𝒛)𝒅𝒛
𝑵𝒛𝒙 − 𝑴𝒛𝒚
Ejemplo.18.- Obtenga la Solución General de la EDO:
(𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0
(𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 ; 𝑁 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ; = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
≠ ⟹ 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑁𝑂 𝐸𝑋𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐴!
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
Factor integrante:
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
∆= − = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
∆= 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
∆
𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: = 𝑓(𝑥) ⟹ 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑁
∆ 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
= = 1 ⟹ 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 ⟹ 𝝁 = 𝒆𝒙
𝑁 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
Multiplicando el factor integrante a la EDO NO EXACTA:
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 0
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solución de la EDO EXACTA:
𝑥 𝑦
𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥,𝑦0 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑁(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥0 𝑦0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 =0
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦0 + 𝑦0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦0 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶 ; { 0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑦0 = 0
0 0
𝑦
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
0
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥∫
𝑥𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
0 0
𝑥[ 𝑦 𝑦
𝑥𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦]0 − [𝑦(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) − 1(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)]0 = 𝐶
𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − (−𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦) = 𝐶
𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒚(𝒙𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏) + 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚 = 𝑪 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
𝑥 𝑦
𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥,𝑦0 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑁(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥0 𝑦0
𝑥 𝑦
∫ (𝑦0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦0 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑦0 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑦0 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑦𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥0 𝑦0
𝑥0 = 0 ; 𝑦0 = 0
𝑥 𝑦
∫ (𝑥𝑒 + 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑦𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥)
0 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
∫ (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 ∫ (𝑦 + 1)𝑒 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑒 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥
0 0 0
𝑥 𝑥 ]𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
[(𝑥 + 1)𝑒 − 1𝑒 0 + 𝑒 𝑦 + 1)𝑒 − 1𝑒 ]0 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 [𝑒 −𝑦 ]0
𝑥 [( 𝑦 𝑦
=𝐶
[𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ]0𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 [𝑦𝑒 𝑦 ]0𝑦 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 [𝑒 −𝑦 ]0𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 [ −𝑦 0]
𝑥𝑒 + 𝑒 𝑦𝑒 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑒 − 𝑒 = 𝐶
𝑦𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝐶
𝒚𝒆𝒙+𝒚 + 𝒙𝒆𝒙−𝒚 = 𝑪 … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
𝑦𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦(2𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 1) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑥𝑦 = 2 ∫ 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑦2
𝑥𝑦 = 2𝐼 + + 𝐶 … ( 𝜶)
2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ; 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠: ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 ⟹ 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑦
𝑦2
{𝑑𝑣 = 𝑦𝑑𝑦 ⟹ 𝑣 = 2
𝑦2 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 1 𝑦2 1 𝑦2
𝐼= 𝑙𝑛𝑦 − ∫ = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 − ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑦 −
2 2 𝑦 2 2 2 2 2
2
𝑦
𝐼 = (2𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 1) … (𝜷)
4
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 (𝜷) ⟹ (𝜶):
𝑦2 𝑦2
𝑥𝑦 = 2 (2𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 1) + + 𝐶 ⟹ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦 2 𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶
4 2
𝑪
𝒙 = 𝒚𝒍𝒏𝒚 + … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
𝒚
𝑦 2 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑒 −2𝑦
2
= 2 + 𝐶 = −𝑒 −2𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑥 −2
𝟐 −𝟐𝒚
𝒚 𝒆
𝒙𝟐 = … 𝑺𝒐𝒍. 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒍.
𝑪 − 𝒆−𝟐𝒚