PRÁCTICA N° 01 DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

𝟏. (𝟒) 𝑫𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒔, 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒔,
𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔:

𝑭𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝑎2 𝐶
𝑦2 = 𝐶 𝑥2 −
1+𝐶
𝑬𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑥𝑦 [1 − ( ) ] = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑎2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒔:

𝑑𝑥
𝟐. (𝟏𝟐) (𝑡 2 − 𝑥𝑡 2 ) + 𝑥 2 + 𝑡𝑥 2 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑡+𝑥 𝑥
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: + 𝑙𝑛 = 𝐶
𝑡𝑥 𝑡

𝟑. (𝟏𝟗) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑡𝑔𝜑 𝑑𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜑 𝑡𝑔𝜃 𝑑𝜑 = 0

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: 𝑡𝑔𝜃 𝑡𝑔𝜑 = 𝐶

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒉𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒔:

𝟒. (𝟒𝟐) 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: 1 + 2Cy − 𝐶 2 𝑥 2 = 0

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒉𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒔:

𝟓. (𝟒𝟖) (3𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 7)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝟔 (𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1)2 = 𝐶

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔:
𝑛
𝟔. (𝟔𝟐) 𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥𝑥𝑛
𝑥
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑛 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶)

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝑩𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒊:

𝟕. (𝟔𝟗) 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑦) = 1
0.5𝑦2 2
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: 𝑥 [(2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑒 + 𝐶] = 𝑒 0.5𝑦

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔:

𝑦2 1 1 𝑥2
𝟖. (𝟕𝟓) [ − ] 𝑑𝑥 + [ − ] 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 𝑥 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑦)2
𝑦 𝑥𝑦
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: ln − =𝐶
𝑥 𝑥−𝑦

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆:

2 2
𝟗. (𝟗𝟎) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: 𝑦 = (√𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶)2

𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑦 = 0

1
𝟏𝟎. (𝟗𝟕) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 ′ +
𝑦′
1
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 +
𝐶
𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥

𝟏𝟏. (𝟏𝟏𝟒)𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜
2 2
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑: (1 + 𝑦 ′ )𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′ = 0