UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO

FACULTAD DE INGENIRÍA CIVIL Y MECÁNICA

INGENIERÍA CIVIL
CIMENTACIONES

Nombre: Karina Amán

Curso: 7mo “B”

Diseñar una cimentación con los siguientes datos:

𝑳 = 𝟖𝒎
𝑷𝒔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏
𝑷𝒔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏
𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎 𝟏 = 𝟔𝟎𝒙𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒎
𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟎𝒙𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒎 → 𝑬𝒍 𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒐 𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒍 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒅𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒆
𝒒𝒂𝒅𝒎 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎𝟐
𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝑲𝒈⁄𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑲𝒈⁄𝒄𝒎𝟐

100 𝑇𝑜𝑛 120 𝑇𝑜𝑛

1. Área de fundación
𝐴𝑓1 = 𝐵1 ∗ 𝐿1 ; 𝐵1 = 1.5 ∗ 𝐿1
𝑃𝑠1
𝐴𝑓1 =
𝑞𝑎𝑑𝑚
100 𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝐴𝑓1 =
25 𝑇𝑜𝑛⁄𝑚2
𝑨𝒇𝟏 = 𝟒 𝒎𝟐

𝐴𝑓1 4 𝑚2
𝐿1 = √ =√
1.5 1.5
 𝐿1 = 1.63 𝑚 → 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝒎

𝑃𝑠2
𝐴𝑓2 =
𝑞𝑎𝑑𝑚
120 𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝐴𝑓2 =
25 𝑇𝑜𝑛⁄𝑚2
𝑨𝒇𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟖 𝒎𝟐

𝐴𝑓2 4.8 𝑚2
𝐿2 = √ =√
1.5 1.5

𝐿2 = 1.79 𝑚 → 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝒎

2. Cálculo de reacciones
∑ 𝑀𝑥 = 0

-100𝑇(0.6𝑚) − 𝑅7[8 − 0.525 − 0.55] + (8 − 0.525) ∗ 120 = 0

𝑹𝟕 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟓 𝑻𝒐𝒏

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑅4 + 𝑅7 − 100𝑇𝑜𝑛 − 120𝑇𝑜𝑛 = 0
𝑅4 = 220𝑇𝑜𝑛 − 𝑅7
𝑹𝟒 = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟎𝟓 𝑻𝒐𝒏
7 8 9
1 2 3 5 6
4 10

Diagrama de corte
3. Cálculo de los Momentos
1. 𝑀1 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
2. 𝑀2 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
3. 𝑀3 = −𝟑𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
4. 𝑀4 = −100 𝑇𝑜𝑛 ∗ 0.525𝑚 = −𝟓𝟐. 𝟓 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
5. 𝑀5 = −𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟏 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
6. 𝑀6 = −𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟓 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
7. 𝑀7 = −𝟔𝟔 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
8. 𝑀8 = −𝟒𝟐 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
9. 𝑀9 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
10. 𝑀10 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎

5. Calcular el Momento Ultimo

𝑴𝒎á𝒙 = −𝟔𝟔 𝑻𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝒎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 1.5
𝑀𝑢 = 87.5 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚 ∗ 1.5

𝑴𝒖 = 𝟗. 𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑻𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝒎
6. Calcular el Peralte Efectivo
∅ = 0.9
𝑊 = 0.18
𝑏 = 𝑇𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑎
𝑏 = 60 𝑐𝑚 → 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜

𝑀𝑢
𝑑=√ ′
∅ ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑓 𝑐 ∗ 𝑤(1 − 0.59𝑤)

9.9 ∗ 106 𝐾𝑔/𝑐𝑚

𝑑=√
0.9 ∗ 60𝑐𝑚 ∗ 240𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 0.18(1 − 0.59 ∗ 0.18)

𝑑 = 68.91 𝑐𝑚
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒂: 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑟 = 7.5 𝑐𝑚 → 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑜
7. Calcular Peralte
𝐻 =𝑑+𝑟
𝐻 = 68.91𝑐𝑚 + 7.5𝑐𝑚
𝐻 = 76.41𝑐𝑚 → 𝟖𝟎𝒄𝒎
- Peralte Efectivo de cálculo
𝑑 =𝐻−𝑟
 𝑑 = 80𝑐𝑚 − 7.5𝑐𝑚
𝒅 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎
8. Cálculo de K
𝑀𝑢
𝐾=
∅ ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑2 ∗ 𝑓 ′𝑐
9.9 ∗ 106 𝐾𝑔/𝑐𝑚
𝐾=
0.9 ∗ 60𝑐𝑚 ∗ 72.5𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 240 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟓

Kmáx
1
𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟒
2.36
9. Cálculo de la Cuantía

𝑓 ′𝑐 1 − √1 − 2.36𝐾
𝜌= ∗( )
𝑓𝑦 1.18

240 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 1 − √1 − 2.36(0.145)

𝜌= 2
∗( )
4200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 1.18

𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟓

𝑓 ′𝑐 6120
𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.85 ∗ 𝛽1 ∗ ∗( )
𝑓𝑦 6120 + 𝑓𝑦
240 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 6120
𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.85(0.85) ∗ 2
∗( )
4200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 6120 + 4200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟒𝟓

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 ∗ 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.5 ∗ 0.02445

𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟑

14 14
𝜌𝑚í𝑛 = =
𝑓𝑦 4200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝛒𝐦í𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑

𝜌𝑚í𝑛 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚á𝑥
 0.0033 ≤ 0.0094 ≤ 0.01224 → 𝑂𝐾
10. Cálculo del área de acero
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑
𝐴𝑠 = 0.0094 ∗ 60𝑐𝑚 ∗ 72.5𝑐𝑚

𝑨𝒔 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟐
As φ2,5=4.91 *10 =49.09
10Ø25mmMc500
𝐴𝑠
𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
𝑏∗𝑑
49.09 𝑐𝑚2
𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
60𝑐𝑚 ∗ 72.5𝑐𝑚
𝝆𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟖

𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒎 𝑯 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒄𝒎
11. Espaciamiento
As Compresión (50% As Tracción)
𝐴𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 0.5 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝐴𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 0.5 ∗ 24, .54 𝑐𝑚2

𝑨𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐

5 Ø 25mmMc501

𝐾1 2𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 = ∗ (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 ∅ ∗ 𝐾1 ∗ 𝑑

𝐾1 = 0.85 ∗ 𝑓′𝑐 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑

𝐾1 = 0.85 ∗ 240 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 60𝑐𝑚 ∗ 72.5𝑐𝑚

𝑲𝟏 = 𝟖𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑

𝑨𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝒄𝒎𝟐

12. Calcular Acero para cada Momento |

1) 𝑀1 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝒎
2) 𝑀2 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝒎
3) 𝑀3 = 𝟑𝟎𝑻𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝒎
𝑀𝑢 = 30 𝑇𝑜𝑛 ∙ 𝑚 ∗ 1.5 = 45 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚
 𝐾1 2𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 = ∗ (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 ∅ ∗ 𝐾1 ∗ 𝑑

𝟖𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 2 ∗ (45 ∗ 105 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑚)

𝐴𝑠 = ∗ (1 − √1 − )
4200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 0.9 ∗ 𝟖𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ∗ 72.5𝑐𝑚

𝑨𝒔𝟑 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝒄𝒎𝟐

4) 𝑀4 = −𝟓𝟐. 𝟓 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = −52.5 ∗ 1.5 = 78.75 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚
𝑚
𝑨𝒔𝟒 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟎𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟐
5) 𝑀5 = −𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟏 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = 54.11 ∗ 1.5 = 81.17 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚
𝑚
𝑨𝒔𝟓 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝒄𝒎𝟐
6) 𝑀6 = −𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟓 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = 64.25 ∗ 1.5 = 96.38 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚
𝑚
𝑨𝒔𝟔 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟏𝒄𝒎𝟐
7) 𝑀7 = −𝟔𝟔 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = 66 ∗ 1.5 = 99 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚
𝑚
𝑨𝒔𝟕 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟖𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐
8) 𝑀8 = −𝟒𝟐 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = 42 ∗ 1.5 = 63 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚
𝑚
𝑨𝒔𝟖 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐
9) 𝑀9 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎
10) 𝑀10 = 𝟎 𝑻𝒐𝒏⁄𝒎

DISEÑO DE LA VIGA DE CIMENTACIÓN

Diseño a corte
Datos:
𝐻 = 80𝑐𝑚
𝑏 = 60𝑐𝑚
𝑑 = 72.5𝑐𝑚
𝑓′ 𝑐 = 240 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2
𝑀𝑢 = 99 𝑇𝑜𝑛/𝑚
∅ = 0.75 → 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒
 2𝜋 ∗ 𝐷 2
𝐴𝑣 =
4
2𝜋 ∗ 1.2 𝑐𝑚2
𝐴𝑣 =
4
𝑨𝒗 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟔 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑉𝑠 = 120 𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝑉𝑢 = 120 𝑇𝑜𝑛 ∗ 1.5 = 180 𝑇𝑜𝑛

𝑉𝑢
𝑣𝑢 =
∅∗𝑏∗𝑑
180 ∗ 105 𝑘𝑔
𝑣𝑢 =
0.75 ∗ 60𝑐𝑚 ∗ 72.5𝑐𝑚
𝒗𝒖 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝒈⁄𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑣𝑐 = 0.53√𝑓′𝑐

𝑣𝑐 = 0.53√240 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2

𝒗𝒄 = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟏 𝒌𝒈⁄𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑣𝑢 ≤ 𝑣𝑐
→ 𝑵𝑬𝑪𝑬𝑺𝑰𝑻𝑨 𝑬𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑰𝑩𝑶𝑺

Espaciamiento

• Zona de confinamiento
𝐴𝑣 ∗ 𝑓𝑦
𝑆=
(𝑣𝑢 − 𝑣𝑐) ∗ 𝑏

2.26 𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 4200 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2

𝑆=
𝐾𝑔 𝐾𝑔
(55.17 − 8.21 ) ∗ 60 𝑐𝑚
𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2
𝐒 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟒 𝐜𝐦 ≅ 𝟒𝐜𝐦
Zona de fisuración por flexión
𝑑
𝑆≤
2
72.5 𝑐𝑚
𝑆≤
2
𝑆 ≤ 36.25 𝑐𝑚
𝑆 ≤ 8 ∗ ∅𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟
𝑆 ≤ 8 ∗ 2.5 𝑐𝑚
𝑆 ≤ 20 𝑐𝑚

𝑺 ≤ 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎