UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE ORURO FACULTAD TECNICA MANTENIMIENTO DE EQUIPO PESADO

2-3 PROCESO DE COMBUSTION A: 𝑽 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬

CICLOS IDEALES DE LOS MOTORES DE
𝑱
COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA 𝒒𝒂 = 𝒎𝒄 ∗ 𝑯𝑼 [𝑱] ≫ 𝑯𝑼 = 𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 [ ]
𝑲𝒈
CICLO OTTO
𝒒𝒂 𝑱
𝑻𝟑 = + 𝑻𝟐 [°𝑲] ≫ 𝑪𝒗 = 𝟕𝟏𝟕. 𝟔 [ ]
𝒎∗𝑪𝒗 𝑲𝒈∗°𝑲
0-1 PROCESO DE ADMISION A: 𝒑′∅ Y 𝑻′∅ =CTTE
𝑻 𝑵 𝑻 𝑱
𝛑 𝐕𝐡
𝒑 𝟑 = 𝒑𝟐 ( 𝟑 ) [ 𝟐 ] ; ∆𝑺 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗 ∗ 𝑳𝒏 ( 𝟑 ) [ ]
𝑻 𝒎 𝑻 °𝑲
𝑽𝒉 = ∗ ∅𝟐 ∗ 𝒔 [𝒎𝟑 ] ; 𝑽𝒄 = [𝒎𝟑 ] ; 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒 𝒓𝒌 −𝟏
3-4 PROCESO DE EXPANSION A: ∆𝑺 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬
𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽𝒉 + 𝑽𝒄 [𝒎𝟑 ]
𝑽 𝒌 𝑵 𝑽 𝒌−𝟏
𝒑′∅ = 𝒑𝟏 𝑻′∅ = 𝑻𝟏 𝒑 𝟒 = 𝒑𝟑 ∗ ( 𝟑 ) [ 𝟐 ] ; 𝑻𝟒 = 𝑻𝟑 ∗ ( 𝟑 ) [°𝑲]
𝑽 𝒎 𝟒 𝑽 𝟒

(𝒑𝟒 ∗ 𝑽𝟒 ) − (𝒑𝟑 ∗ 𝑽𝟑 )
𝑾𝟑−𝟒 = [𝑱]
𝒑′∅ ∗𝑽𝒉 𝒎𝒉 𝟏−𝒌
𝒎𝒉 = [𝑲𝒈] ; 𝒎𝒄 = [𝑲𝒈] ;
𝑹∗𝑻′∅ 𝒓𝒂⁄𝒄
4-1 PROCESO DE CALOR RECHAZADO A:𝑽 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬
𝒑′∅ ∗(𝑽𝒉+𝑽𝒄) 𝑱
𝒎𝒉 = [𝑲𝒈] 𝑹 = 𝟐𝟖𝟕 [ ] 𝒒𝒓 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗(𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟒 )[𝑱] ;
𝑹∗ 𝑻′∅ 𝑲𝒈∗°𝑲
𝑻𝟏 𝑱
∆𝑺 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗 ∗ 𝑳𝒏 ( ) [ ]
1-2 PROCESO DE COMPRESION A: ∆𝑺 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬 𝑻𝟒 °𝑲
𝑽𝟏 𝒌 𝑵 𝑽𝟏 𝒌−𝟏 CALCULOS FINALES:
𝒑𝟐 = 𝒑𝟏 ∗ ( ) [ 𝟐 ] ; 𝑻𝟐 = 𝑻𝟏 ∗ ( ) [°𝑲]
𝑽 𝒎 𝟐 𝑽 𝟐
𝒒𝑻 = 𝒒𝒂 + 𝒒𝒓 [𝑱] ; 𝑾𝑻 = 𝑾𝟏−𝟐 + 𝑾𝟑−𝟒 [𝑱] ;
(𝒑𝟐 ∗ 𝑽𝟐 ) − (𝒑𝟏 ∗ 𝑽𝟏 )
𝑾𝟏−𝟐 = [𝑱] 𝑾𝑻 ∗ 𝒏 ∗ 𝒊
𝟏−𝒌 𝑷𝒏 = [𝑲𝒘]
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑾𝑻 𝑾𝑻 𝑵
𝒏𝑻 = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎% ; 𝒑𝒎𝒆 = [ ]
𝒒=𝟎 ∆𝑺 = 𝟎 𝒒𝒂 𝑽𝒉 𝑴𝟐

MAQUINAS TERMICAS T.S..: RENE VILLCA CRUZ

 UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE ORURO FACULTAD TECNICA MANTENIMIENTO DE EQUIPO PESADO
𝑻 𝑻 𝑱
𝑽𝟑 = 𝑽𝟐 ( 𝟑 ) [𝒎𝟑 ] ∆𝑺𝟐−𝟑 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒑 ∗ 𝑳𝒏 ( 𝟑 ) [ ]
𝑻 𝑻 °𝑲
CICLOS IDEALES DE LOS MOTORES DE 𝟐 𝟐
𝑱
COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA 𝑪𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟓. 𝟒 [ ] 𝒘𝟐−𝟑 = 𝒑𝟑 (𝑽𝟑 − 𝑽𝟐 )[𝑱]
𝑲𝒈∗°𝑲
CICLO DIESEL
3-4 PROCESO DE EXPANSION A: ∆𝑺 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬
0-1 PROCESO DE ADMISION A: 𝒑′∅ Y 𝑻′∅ =CTTE 𝒑𝟑 = 𝒑𝟐 𝑽𝟒 = 𝑽𝟏
𝛑 𝐕𝐡 𝒌 𝒌−𝟏
𝑽𝒉 = ∗ ∅𝟐 ∗ 𝒔 [𝒎𝟑 ] ; 𝑽𝒄 = [𝒎𝟑 ] ; 𝑽
𝒑 𝟒 = 𝒑𝟑 ∗ ( 𝟑 ) [ 𝟐 ]
𝑵
;
𝑽
𝑻𝟒 = 𝑻𝟑 ∗ ( 𝟑 ) [°𝑲]
𝟒 𝒓𝒌 −𝟏
𝑽 𝒎 𝟒 𝑽 𝟒
𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽𝒉 + 𝑽𝒄 [𝒎𝟑 ]
𝒑′∅ ∗𝑽𝒉 𝒎𝒉 (𝒑𝟒 ∗ 𝑽𝟒 ) − (𝒑𝟑 ∗ 𝑽𝟑 )
𝒎𝒉 = [𝑲𝒈] ; 𝒎𝒄 = [𝑲𝒈] ; 𝑾𝟑−𝟒 = [𝑱]
𝑹∗𝑻′∅ 𝒓𝒂⁄𝒄 𝟏−𝒌
𝒑′∅ ∗(𝑽𝒉+𝑽𝒄)
𝒎= [𝑲𝒈] 4-1 PROCESO DE CALOR RECHAZADO A:𝑽 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬
𝑹∗𝑻′∅

𝒒𝒓 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗(𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟒 )[𝑱] ;
1-2 PROCESO DE COMPRESION A: ∆𝑺 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬
𝑻𝟏 𝑱
∆𝑺𝟒−𝟏 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗 ∗ 𝑳𝒏 ( ) [ ]
𝒑′∅ = 𝒑𝟏 ; 𝑻′∅ = 𝑻𝟏 ; 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝒄 𝑻𝟒 °𝑲

𝑽 𝒌 𝑵 𝑽 𝒌−𝟏 ∆𝑺𝑻 = ∆𝑺𝟐−𝟑 +∆𝑺𝟒−𝟏 = 𝟎

𝒑𝟐 = 𝒑𝟏 ∗ ( 𝟏 ) [ 𝟐 ] ; 𝑻𝟐 = 𝑻𝟏 ∗ ( 𝟏) [°𝑲]
𝑽 𝒎 𝟐 𝑽 𝟐
CALCULOS FINALES:
(𝒑𝟐 ∗ 𝑽𝟐 ) − (𝒑𝟏 ∗ 𝑽𝟏 )
𝑾𝟏−𝟐 = [𝑱] 𝒒𝑻 = 𝒒𝒂 + 𝒒𝒓 [𝑱] ; 𝑾𝑻 = 𝑾𝟏−𝟐 + 𝑾𝟐−𝟑 + 𝑾𝟑−𝟒 [𝑱] ;
𝟏−𝒌
2-3 PROCESO DE COMBUSTION A: 𝒑 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬 ≫ 𝒑𝟑 = 𝒑𝟐 𝑾𝑻 ∗ 𝒏 ∗ 𝒊 𝑾𝑻
𝑷𝒏 = [𝑲𝒘] ; 𝒏𝒕 = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒒𝒂
𝒒𝒂 = 𝒎𝒄 ∗ 𝑯𝑼 [𝑱] ≫ 𝒒𝟐−𝟑 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟐 ) [𝑱]
𝑾𝑻 𝑵
𝑱 𝒒𝒂 𝒑𝒎𝒆 = [ ]
𝑯𝑼 = 𝟒𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 [ ] ; 𝑻𝟑 = + 𝑻𝟐 [°𝑲] 𝑽𝒉 𝑴𝟐
𝑲𝒈 𝒎∗𝑪𝒑

MAQUINAS TERMICAS T.S..: RENE VILLCA CRUZ

 UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE ORURO FACULTAD TECNICA MANTENIMIENTO DE EQUIPO PESADO
3-4 PROCESO SEGUNDA FASE DE LA COMBUSTION
CICLOS IDEALES DE LOS MOTORES DE COMBUSTIÓN
A : 𝒑 = 𝑪𝑻𝑬 𝒑𝟑 = 𝒑𝟒
INTERNA
CICLO DUAL O MIXTO 𝒒𝟑−𝟒 = 𝒒𝒂 − 𝒒𝟐−𝟑 [𝑱] ≫ 𝒒𝟑−𝟒 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟒 − 𝑻𝟑 ) [𝑱]

𝒒 𝑱 𝑻
0-1 PROCESO DE ADMISION A: 𝒑′∅ Y 𝑻′∅ =CTTE
𝟑−𝟒
𝑻𝟒 = 𝒎∗𝑪 + 𝑻𝟑 [°𝑲] ≫ 𝑪𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟓. 𝟒 [
𝑲𝒈∗°𝑲
] 𝑽𝟒 = 𝑽𝟑 (𝑻𝟒 ) [𝒎𝟑 ]
𝒑 𝟑

𝛑 𝟐 𝐕𝐡
𝑽𝒉 = 𝟒 ∗ ∅ ∗ 𝒔 [𝒎𝟑 ] ; 𝑽𝒄 = 𝒓 [𝒎𝟑 ] ; 𝑾𝟑−𝟒 = 𝒑𝟒 (𝑽𝟒 − 𝑽𝟑 )[𝑱] ; ∆𝑺𝟑−𝟒 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒑 ∗ 𝑳𝒏 (𝑻𝟒 ) [°𝑲]
𝑻 𝑱
𝒌 −𝟏 𝟑
𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽𝒉 + 𝑽𝒄 [𝒎𝟑 ]
4-5 PROCESO DE EXPANSION A: ∆𝑺 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬
𝒑′∅ ∗𝑽𝒉 𝒎𝒉
𝒎𝒉 = [𝑲𝒈] ; 𝒎𝒄 = [𝑲𝒈] ; 𝒑𝟒 = 𝒑𝟑 𝑽𝟓 = 𝑽𝟏
𝑹∗𝑻′∅ 𝒓𝒂⁄𝒄
𝒑′∅ ∗(𝑽𝒉+𝑽𝒄) 𝑽 𝒌 𝑵 𝑽 𝒌−𝟏
𝒎= [𝑲𝒈] 𝒑𝟓 = 𝒑𝟒 ∗ (𝑽𝟒 ) [𝒎𝟐 ] ; 𝑻𝟓 = 𝑻𝟒 ∗ (𝑽𝟒 ) [°𝑲]
𝑹∗𝑻′∅ 𝟓 𝟓

1-2 PROCESO DE COMPRESION A: ∆𝑺 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬 (𝒑𝟓 ∗ 𝑽𝟓 ) − (𝒑𝟒 ∗ 𝑽𝟒 )

𝑾𝟒−𝟓 = [𝑱]
𝒑′∅ = 𝒑𝟏 ; 𝑻′∅ = 𝑻𝟏 ; 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝒄 𝟏−𝒌
5-1 PROCESO DE CALOR RECHAZADO A:𝑽 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬
𝑽𝟏 𝒌 𝑵 𝑽𝟏 𝒌−𝟏
𝒑𝟐 = 𝒑𝟏 ∗ (𝑽 ) [𝒎𝟐 ] ; 𝑻𝟐 = 𝑻𝟏 ∗ (𝑽 ) [°𝑲]
𝟐 𝟐 𝒒𝒓 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗(𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟓 )[𝑱] ;
(𝒑𝟐 ∗ 𝑽𝟐 ) − (𝒑𝟏 ∗ 𝑽𝟏 ) 𝑻𝟏 𝑱
𝑾𝟏−𝟐 = [𝑱] ∆𝑺𝟓−𝟏 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗 ∗ 𝑳𝒏 ( ) [ ]
𝟏−𝒌 𝑻𝟒 °𝑲

2-3 PROCESO PRIMERA FASE DE LA COMBUSTION A: 𝑽 = 𝑪𝑻𝑻𝑬 ∆𝑺𝑻 = ∆𝑺𝟐−𝟑 + ∆𝑺𝟑−𝟒 + ∆𝑺𝟓−𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒑 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂 𝒑 𝑻𝟑 CALCULOS FINALES:
∝= 𝑹𝑬𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑫𝑬 𝑷𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑰𝑶𝑵 ; ∝= ; ∝= 𝒑𝟑 𝒐
𝒑 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒂 𝟐 𝑻𝟐
𝒒𝑻 = 𝒒𝒂 + 𝒒𝒓 [𝑱] ; 𝑾𝑻 = 𝑾𝟏−𝟐 + 𝑾𝟑−𝟒 + 𝑾𝟒−𝟓 [𝑱] ;
𝑵
𝒑𝟑 =∝∗ 𝒑𝟐 [𝒎𝟐 ] ; 𝑻𝟑 =∝∗ 𝑻𝟐 [°𝑲]
𝑾𝑻 ∗ 𝒏 ∗ 𝒊 𝑾𝑻
𝑷𝒏 = [𝑲𝒘] ; 𝒏𝒕 = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝒒𝒂 = 𝒎𝒄 ∗ 𝑯𝑼 [𝑱] ≫ 𝒒𝟐−𝟑 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗 (𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟐 ) [𝑱] 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒒𝒂

𝑱 𝑻 𝑱 𝑾𝑻 𝑵
𝑯𝑼 = 𝟒𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 [𝑲𝒈] ; ∆𝑺𝟐−𝟑 = 𝒎 ∗ 𝑪𝒗 ∗ 𝑳𝒏 (𝑻𝟑 ) [°𝑲] 𝒑𝒎𝒆 = [ ]
𝟐 𝑽𝒉 𝑴𝟐

MAQUINAS TERMICAS T.S..: RENE VILLCA CRUZ