CONDITIONALS
UNIT 8 INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
Invention Discovery
Something that was designed or Somthing that already existed but was
created for the first time. not know before
1. Train 1. Fire
2. Autmobile 2. Gold
3. Tv 3. Gravity
4. Pc 4. Dinosaurs
5. Aiplane 5. The cell
6. Telephone 6. That the earth is round
TECHNOLOGY ADJETIVES
Uses new technology Offers high quality Uses new ideas
1. High tech 1. High end 1. Innovative
2. State of the art 2. Top of the line 2. Revolutionary
3. Cutting Edge 3. First rate 3. Novel
Adjetive Definition
Unique The only one of its kind
Wacky Pretty silly
Low tech Doesnt use modern technology
High tech Uses modern technology
Efficient Doesnt waste time, money or energy
Inefficient Wastes time, money or energy
CONTROVERSIL ISSUES
- Radical: supporting complete political or social change
- liberal adj.supporting changes in political, social, or religious systems that
respect the different beliefs, ideas, etc., of other people.
- Moderateadj.having opinions or beliefs, especially about politics, that are not
extreme and that most people consider reasonable or sensible
- conservative adj.preferring to continue to do things as they have been done in the
past rather than risking changes —a conservativen
- reactionary adj.strongly opposed to political or social change—a reactionar
1. B el intento de destruir a todos los miembros de un grupo racial o étnico
2. E juzgar o dañar a las personas por motivos de herencia racial o étnica
3. A dinero pagado o alguien u otra recompensa otorgada de una persona
para realizar actos deshonestos o poco éticos o para proporcionar un
favor.
4. D Abuso de poder por gente en el gobierno o negocios
5. F La creencia de que otro grupo racial o étnico es inferior al propio.
UNIT 10
el medio ambiente en el aire, el agua y la tierra en los que viven las
personas, los animales y las plantas.
contaminación en el acto de hacer que el aire, el agua o la tierra se
ensucien y no sean saludables para las personas, los animales y las
plantas.
Cambio climático. Un cambio a largo plazo en las temperaturas y los
patrones climáticos de la Tierra.
Poder: electricidad u otra fuerza que se puede utilizar para hacer
funcionar máquinas, automóviles, etc.
energía renovable. energía de los recursos naturales, como la energía
eólica o la energía solar (del sol), que está continuamente disponible para
los humanos.
ajuste de eficiencia energética usando la menor cantidad de energía
posible.
MODAL VERBS
Here's a list of the modal verbs in English:
can could may might will
would must shall should ought to
Probability:
First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something
happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or
'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'. Must be (present) or must have (past)
For example:
It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!
Talking about the present:
must / might / could / may / can't + infinitive
2: Using modal verbs to talk about the past:
must / might / could / may / can't + have + past participle
Ability
We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.
For example:
She can speak six languages.
My grandfather could play golf very well.
I can't drive.
Obligation and Advice
We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or
unnecessary, or to give advice. Have to
For example:
Children must do their homework.
We have to wear a uniform at work.
You should stop smoking.
Permission
We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We
also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed.
For example:
Could I leave early today, please?
You may not use the car tonight.
Can we swim in the lake?
Habits
We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in
the past.
For example:
When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
John will always be late!
Could have, should have, would have
These past modal verbs are all used hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't
really happen in the past.
