ZAPATA COMBINADA TRAPEZOIDAL

DATOS
C1= 0.60 * 0.60 m2 f'c = 175 Kg/cm2
C2= 0.40 * 0.40 m2 fy = 4200 Kg/cm2
P1 = 204 TN
P2 = 145 TN
σt = 2.00 Kg/cm2

P1 P2

C1 C2

Solucion

a) DIMENSIONAMIENTO EN PLANTA
Calculo del peso de la Zapata

P1= 204 TN Pz= 28 TN P2= 145 TN

PT

0.30 3.25 3.25 0.20

Xo
6.50

Pz= 0.08 P ………………………… ①

P= P1 + P2
P= 204 + 145 = 349 TN

En ①
Pz= 0.08 * 349 = 28 TN

PT= P1 + P2 + Pz = 204 + 145 + 28 = 377 TN

Az= PT σn = σt = 377 = 18.85 m2 ……………………………… ①

σn 20

∑ M0 = 0 377 (X0) = 204 * 0.30 + 28 * 3.25 + 145 * 6.30

(X0) = 2.83 m centro de gravedad

2 (X0) = 5.6534 < L = 6.50 m
e= L - X0 6.50 - 2.83 = 0.42 m
2 2

Si
𝑳/𝟑<𝑿_𝟎<𝑳/𝟐
Zapata trapezoidal

L = 6.50 = 2.17 m
3 3

L = 6.50 = 3.25 m
2 2

2.17 < 2.83 < 3.25 Zapata trapezoidal

Nota: puede diseñarse como zapata rectangular (calculamos la presion sobre el terreno)

𝒒_𝒎𝒂𝒙=𝑷_𝑻/𝑨_𝒁
Az= 18.85 = BL B = 18.85 = 2.90 m
(1±𝟔_𝒆/𝑳) 6.50

qmax = 377 ± 6 * 0.4233

18.85
( 1
6.50
)
qmax = 27.81 TN/m2 > 20 TN/m2

𝐁_𝟏=𝒒_𝒎 = 27.81 * 2.90 = 4.03228

𝒂𝒙/𝝈_𝒏 20
B1 = 4.0 m
 A z= 4.0 * 6.50 = 26 m2

es antieconomico

𝑨_𝒁=𝑷_𝒖 Factor
𝒒_𝒖𝒍𝒕= σt *
/𝒒_𝒖𝒍𝒕 Factor =𝑷_𝒖/𝒒_𝑻

𝑷_𝒖=𝑷_𝒖𝟏 + 𝑷_𝒖𝟐+ 𝑷_(𝒖𝟏 )= 1.4 * 204 = 285.60 TN

𝑷_𝒖𝒛 𝑷_(𝒖𝟐 )= 1.4 * 145 = 203.00 TN
𝑷_(𝒖𝒛 )= 1.4 * 28 = 39.1 TN

𝑷_(𝒖 )= 527.7 TN

Factor = 527.7 = 1.40

377

qmax = 20 * 1.40 = 28.0001 TN/m2

Az= 527.7 = 18.85 m2

28

Sabemos que

𝑨_𝒁=𝟏/𝟐 𝑳(𝐚+𝐛) ………… (1)

x
b a

𝑿_𝟎=𝑳/𝟑
((𝟐𝒂+𝒃)/(𝒂+𝒃)) ………… (2)

𝑋_0= distancia al centro de gravedad 𝑋_0 𝑌_0

𝑌_0= L - X0 L = 6.50

En (1)
Az = 6.50 = 18.85
(a + b)
2
a+b = 5.80 ………… (α)

En (2)
X0 = (
6.50 2a+b = 2.83 6.50 ( 2a+b = 2.83
) )
3 a+b 3 5.80

2a+b = 7.57 ………… (β)

Resolviendo: α=β

a = 1.7665 ≈ 1.80 m
b= 4.03 ≈ 4.00 m

Adoptamos:
𝑨_𝒁=𝟏/𝟐 6.50 * ( 1.80 + 4.00 ) = 18.85 m2
𝑳(𝐚+𝐛)= 2
Az = 18.85 m2

b) CALCULO DE LA REACCION NETA DEL TERRENO

Por unidad de area.

𝐰_𝐧𝐮=𝐏_𝐮 527.7 = 28.0 TN/m2

/𝐀_𝐳 = 18.85

La presion en el suelo por unidad de ancho sera

𝒒_𝒎𝒂𝒙=𝒘_(𝒏
𝒖 )b
x
a = 1.80
b = 4.00

𝒒_𝒎𝒊𝒏=𝒘_(𝒏
𝒖 )a

0.3 6.00 0.2

qmax = 28.0 * 4.00 = 112 TN/m2 L = 6.50
qmin = 28.0 * 1.80 = 50.4 TN/m2

Si se halla la excentricidad, se halla mos maximos y minimas presiones que se ejerce sobre el suelo.

∑_ ^ ▒ 〖𝑴 _𝒄=𝟎 〗 527.7 ( e ) = 285.6 * 2.95 - 203 * 3.05

e = 0.42 m
 Pu1= 285.6 TN Puz= 39.1 TN Pu2= 203.0 TN

PT = 527.7

0.30 e 0.20
L/2= 3.25 L/2= 3.25
R

𝒒_(𝒎𝒂𝒙,
𝒎𝒊𝒏)=𝑷_𝒖/𝑨_𝒁
(1±𝟔_𝒆/𝑳)
qmax = 527.7 + 6 * 0.42
6.50
( 1
6.50 )
qmax = 112.9 TN/m2

qmin = 527.7 - 6 * 0.42

6.50
( 1
6.50 )
qmin = 49.5 TN/m2 ≈ 50.00 TN/m

c) DIMENSIONAMIENTO EN ALTURA

𝒉=𝟎.𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝑳_𝟏 L1= Distancia entre columnas ( m )

√(𝑾_𝒏𝒖 ) = 2.8 kg/cm2
Wnu= TN/m2
√( ) = 1.01
h= 0.11 * 5.50 2.8 m
h= 1.00 m

d=𝒉−𝒓 −Ф/𝟐= r = Recubrimiento

r= 0.075 m
d= 1.00 - 0.075 - 0.0191
2 φ = 3/4"
d= 0.915 m

d) DIAGRAMA DE CORTES Y MOMENTOS

P1 P2

Pu1= 285.6 C1 Puz= 39.1 TN C2 Pu2= 203 TN

d d
A B D E

qmin
qmax 50.4 TN/m
112.0
1.515 1.315
0.30 0.20
2.95 3.05

La ecuacion de la recta es:

𝒚=𝒂 ±
𝑞_1 𝑋 y y=a-bx
a= 112 Tn
a x
Del grafico
q1 = 112 - 50.4 q1 = 9.48 x
x 6.50

Luego x
q=y= 112.0 - 9.48 x a

y y=a+bx

Diagrama de cortes

∫1▒ 〖𝑑 _𝑣= ∫1▒ 〖𝑞𝑑 _𝑥 〗〗

dv = qdx cortes = = 〖( 〗
Vx ∫1▒ 112 - 9.48 x) dx

Ecuacion general:

Vx = 112 x - 〖𝑥 /
9.48 285.6 - 39.1 - 203 Ecuacion general:
2〗
El corte maximo puede producirse en el ^2
tramo -BC o CD

TRAMO BC: Vx = 0 112 x - 4.74 𝑥^2 285.6 = 0

-
X1 = 20.715 m
X2 = 2.91 m

TRAMO CD: Vx = 0 112 x - 4.74 𝑥^2 285.6 - 39.1 = 0

112 x - 4.74 -𝑥^2 -324.7 = 0
 X1 = 20.239 m
X2 = 3.38 m

Si:
X= 0 Vx = 0
X= 0.30 Vx = 33.17 Vx = -252.43
X= 0.60 Vx = -220.12
X= 1.515 Vx = -126.8
X= 2.91 Vx = 0.00
X= 3.25 Vx = 28.3 Vx = -10.83
X= 5.185 Vx = 128.48
X= 6.10 Vx = 181.99
X= 6.30 Vx = 192.63 Vx = -10.37
X= 6.50 Vx = -0.11

DIAGRAMA DE MOMENTOS

𝑑_𝑀=∫1▒ 〖𝑉
𝑑〗 _𝑣

Ecuacion general:

Mx = 112 〖 9.48 〖 285.60 ( X - 0.30 ) - 39.1 ( X - 3.25 ) - 203 ( X - 6.30 )

𝑥/ 𝑥/
Si: 2 6
X= 0 〗 Mx = 〗0.00
X= 0.30 ^2 Mx = ^35.00
X= 0.60 - Mx = --65.87
X= 1.515 Mx = -224.05
X= 2.91 Mx = -310.24 (Mmax)
X= 3.38 Mx = -306.11
X= 3.25 Mx = -305.38
X= 5.19 Mx = -185.84
X= 6.10 Mx = -43.19
X= 6.30 Mx = -5.72
X= 6.50 Mx = -6.76

Hallando momentos en sentido inverso X ( Cambia de signo al resultado final, pues los cortes son negativos)

q1 = -9.48 x Y= -50.4 -9.48 x

𝑽_𝒙=∫1▒ 〖𝒀 Vx = -50.4 x -9.48 〖𝑥

𝑑〗 _𝒙 /2
〗
𝑴_𝒙=∫1▒ 〖𝑽𝒙 ^2
Mx = -50.4 〖𝑥-9.48 〖𝑥 /6 203 ( X - 0.20 ) + 39.1 ( X - 3.25 ) + 286 ( X - 6.20 )
𝑑〗 _𝒙 /2 〗 ^3
〗 +
^2

Si:
X= 0 Mx = 0 0.00
X= 0.20 Mx = -1.02 1.02
X= 3.18 Mx = 299.38 -299.38 Mmax
X= 3.25 Mx = 298.79 -298.79
X= 3.59 Mx = 303.64 -303.64
X= 6.20 Mx = -11.73 11.73
X= 6.50 Mx = -6.76 6.76

1.315 0.20
192.63
3.25
128.48
2.95
0.30 1.515
33.17 (+)
28.26

-10.83 -10.37
(−)
-126.8

-252.43

-310.24
-306.11
-298.79
-299.38
 (+)

-6.76

5.00 ###

e) VERIFICACION DE CORTANTE POR FLEXON (a una distancia "d" de la cara de las columnas)
Del diagrama de cortantes:
V n1 = -126.8 TN V n1 = 126.8 TN = 149.12 TN
V n2 = 128.48 TN V n2 = 128.48 TN = 150.81 TN
Debe cumplir:

𝑽_𝒏<𝑽_𝒄

𝑽_𝒄=0.53 √(𝒇^′
𝒄)∗𝒃𝒅
d= 0.915 m

S1 = 0.6 + d= 0.6 + 0.915 = 1.515 m

S2 = 0.4 + d= 0.4 + 0.915 = 1.315 m

Luego
b' = 4.00 - 1.515 ( 4.00 - 1.80 ) = 3.49 m
6.50
a' = 1.80 + 1.315 ( 4.00 - 1.80 ) = 2.25 m
6.50
4.00

0.60
0.40
d d
a = 1.80

1 2
b=

b a

s1 = 1.515 s2 = 1.315
L= 6.50

PARA COLUMNAS 1:
𝑽_𝒄𝟏=0.53 √(𝒇^′ 𝒄)∗𝒃^ Vc1 = 0.53 √(175 * 3.49 * 0.915
′∗𝒅
Vc1 = 223.8 TN > Vn = )
149.1 TN No falla por corte

PARA COLUMNAS 2:
𝑽_𝒄𝟐=0.53 √(𝒇^′ Vc2 = 0.53 √(175 * 2.25 * 0.915
𝒄)∗𝒃^′∗𝒅
Vc2 = 144.1 TN < Vn = )
150.8 TN Falla por corte

En este caso sera necesario incrementar la resistencia del concreto de f'c=175 kg/cm2 a f'c=210 kg/cm2,
caso contrario aumentar "d"

Vc1 = 0.53 √(210 * 3.49 * 0.915 = 245.2 > Vn1 …………… OK

Vc2 = 0.53 ) 210 * 2.25 * 0.915 = 157.9 > Vn2 …………… OK
√(

Asumiendo "d" - columna 2)

Vn1 = Vn2 150.8 = 0.53 √( 175 * 2.25 * d

)
d = 0.96 m h = 1.00 m

f) VERIFICACION POR PUNZAMIENTO (a d/2)

b = 4.00

0.60 d/2 d/2 d/2 d/2 0.40

a = 1.80

1
1.52

1.32

0.60 0.40 2
d/2 d/2 d/2
0.86
1.06

d = 0.915 m d = 0.46 m
 2

Calculamos con f'c=210 kg/cm2

PARA COLUMNAS 1:
A 01 = 1.06 * 1.52 = 1.60 m2
b 01 = 2* 1.06 * 1.52 = 3.63 m

PARA COLUMNAS 2:
A 01 = 2* 0.86 + 1.32 = 3.03 m
b 01 = 0.86 * 1.32 = 1.13 m2

COMPROBANDO PUNZONAMIENTO
Debe cumplir

𝑽_𝒏<𝑽_𝒄 𝑽_𝒄=𝟏.𝟏 √(𝒇^′

𝒄)∗𝒃_𝟎 𝒅

Pu1= 285.6 TN
Pu2= 203 TN
WNu= 28 TN/m2
d= 0.915 m

PARA COLUMNAS 1:

𝑽_𝒖𝟏=𝑷_𝒄−𝑾_𝑵𝒖 𝑨_𝟎𝟏=(𝑷_𝒖𝟏−𝑾_𝑵𝒖 (𝟎.𝟔𝟎+

𝒅/𝟐)∗(𝟎.𝟔𝟎+𝒅)) d= 0.915

Vu1= 285.6 - 28 * 1.60 = 240.75 TN

Vn1= 240.75 = 283.24 TN

0.85

VC1= 1.1 √( 210 * 3.63 * 0.915

VC1= 529.46 TN > Vn1 No falla por punzamiento
)

PARA COLUMNAS 2:

𝑽_𝒖𝟐=𝑷_𝒖𝟐−𝑾_𝑵𝒖 𝑨_𝟎𝟐=(𝑷_𝒖𝟐−𝑾_𝑵𝒖 (𝟎.𝟒𝟎+

𝒅/𝟐)∗(𝟎.𝟒𝟎+𝒅))

Vu2= 203.0 - 28 * 1.13 = 171.433 TN

Vu2= 171.43 = 201.69 TN

0.85

VC2= 1.1 √( 210) * 3.03 * 0.915

VC2= 441.94 TN > Vn2 No falla por punzamiento

NOTA: Si fallara por punzamiento, hacer Vn=Vc, obtenemos "d" y con este dato nuevamente recalculamos desde el principio

g) DISEÑO POR FLEXION

ACERO SUPERIOR (As) ∅= 0.9

Del diagrama de momento: Mmax = Mu = -310.24 TN - m

𝑀_𝑛=𝑀_𝑢/∅= -310.24 = 344.707 TN - m

0.9

Mmax = -310.2 TN - m Cuando X= 2.91 m

𝑏_1=𝑏−𝑋/𝐿(𝑏 −𝑎)

6.50
4.00

a = 1.80

b1
b=

2.91

b1 = 4.00 - 2.91 ( 4.00 - 1.80 )

6.50
b1 = 3.02 m
Luego tenemos como dato:
b1 = 302 cm
f'c = 210 kg/cm2
fy = 4200 kg/cm2
d= 91.5 cm

𝐴_(𝑠^((−)) )( = 0.85 - √( 0.7225 - 1.7 * 344.707 〖* 10 〗 ^5 * 210 * 302 * 91.5

)
) 210 * 302 * ( 91.5 )^2 4200
𝐴_(𝑠^((−)) ) =93.419 cm2

𝐴_𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018 * 302 * 91.5 = 49.66 < As

Usamos:
∅ 1" Ab = 5.07 cm2
db = 2.54 cm2

n = 93.419 = 19 S= 3.02 - 0.15 - 0.0254 = 0.16

5.07 19 - 1

USAR: 19 φ 1" @ 16 cm

ACERO INFERIOR
Los momentos son muy pequeños, por lo tanto utilizamos acero minimo.

d= 100 - 5 - 1.91 = 94.05 cm (Parte superior)

2

𝐴_(𝑠^((+))𝐴_𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛
)= = 0.0018 * 302 * 94.05 = 51.04 cm2

Si
∅ 1" Ab = 5.07 cm2
db = 2.54 cm2

n= 51.04 = 11 S= 3.02 - 0.15 - 0.0254 = 0.28

5.07 11 - 1

USAR: 11 φ 1" @ 28 cm

ACERO EN DIRECCION TRANSVERSAL

Parte superior (acero transversal)

𝐴_(𝑠^𝑇 ) 36
= ∅

Si
∅= 3/4" Ab = 2.85 cm2
db = 1.91 cm2

𝐴_(𝑠^𝑇 ) =36 * 1.91 = 68.58 cm

USAR: φ 3/4" @ 69 cm

Acero en direccion transversal debajo de las columnas

d= 0.915

b'1 = 4.00 - 0.30 ( 4.00 - 1.80 ) = 3.90 m

6.50

a'1 = 1.80 + 0.20 ( 4.00 - 1.80 ) = 1.87 m

6.50

Pu1 B=L'1 = 1.515 m

Lv1 = 3.90 - 0.60 = 1.6492 m
2
Wnu = 28 TN/m2
WNu = Wnu * 3.90
WNu = 109.13 TN/m2
Lv1
𝑴_𝒎𝒂𝒙=𝑾_𝑵𝒖
0.60 ∗(𝑳𝒗^𝟐)/𝟐

𝟐
Mmax = 109.1 * 1.649 = 148.42 TN-m
2

WNu1

3.90
 Wn = 148.42 = 164.91 TN-m
0.9

𝐴_(𝑠^ ) = ( 0.85 - √( 0.7225 - 1.7 * 165.17 〖* 10 〗 ^5 * 210 * 151.5 * 91.5

)
) 210 * 151.5 * ( 91.5 )^2 4200
𝐴_(𝑠^ ) = 44.673 cm2

𝐴_𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018 * 151.5 * 91.50 = 24.95 < As

Si
∅ 1" Ab = 5.07 cm2
db = 2.54 cm2

n= 44.67 = 9 S = 1.515 - 0.075 - 0.025/2 = 0.18

5.07 9 - 1

USAR: 9 φ 1" @ 18 cm
PARA COLUMNAS 2:

Pu1 B=L'1 =
1.315 m
Lv1 =1.87 - 0.40 = 0.7338 m
2
Wnu = 28 TN/m2
WNu = Wnu * 1.87
WNu = 52.28 TN/m2
Lv2
𝑴_𝒎𝒂𝒙=𝑾_𝑵𝒖
∗(𝑳𝒗^𝟐)/𝟐
0.40
𝟐
Mmax = 52.28 * 0.734 = 14.08 TN-m
2

WNu2

1.87

Wn = 14.08 = 15.643 TN-m

0.9

𝐴_(𝑠^ ) = ( √( 0.7225 〖* 10 〗 ^5
0.85 - - 1.7 * 15.6427
) * 210 * 131.5 * 91.5
) 210 * 131.5 * ( 91.5 )^2 4200
𝐴_(𝑠^ ) = 4.1 cm2

𝐴_𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
0.0018 * 131.5 * 91.50 = 21.66 > As

Si
∅ 1" Ab = 5.07 cm2
db = 2.54 cm2

n= 21.66 = 5 S = 1.315 - 0.075 - 0.025/2 = 0.31

5.07 5 - 1

USAR: 5 φ 1" @ 31 cm

19 φ 1" @ 16 cm φ 3/4" @ 69 cm

1.515 φ 3/4" @ 69 cm 1.315

11 φ 1" @ 28 cm 5 φ 1" @ 31 cm
9 φ 1" @ 18 cm
 Varilla metro Diámetro Area
3/8" 0.009525 0.9525 0.71 3
1/2" 0.0127 1.27 1.27 4
5/8" 0.0159 1.5875 1.98 5
3/4" 0.01905 1.905 2.85 6
1" 0.0254 2.54 5.07 8
1 3/8" 0.03493 3.4925 9.58 11