Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
CONTENIDO
1. Conceptos basicos
2. Metodo de la rigidez
3. Estructuras articuladas
4. Transformacion de coordinadas
5. Ensamble de la matriz de rigidez de la estructura
6. Apoyos inclinados y apoyos elásticos
7. Apoyos con desplazamiento inicial
8. Analisis tridimensional de barras articuladas
9. Estructuras tipo marco rigido
CAPITULO 1
CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS
Mecánica: Es una ciencia que estudia el comportamiento de las partículas respecto
a las acciones externas.
𝐶𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑜 → 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑒𝑐á𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎 {𝐶𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 → 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟í𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 → 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 − 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
Esfuerzo:
F
𝑭 A
𝝈=
𝑨
Deformación:
𝛿
𝜀= (𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝐿𝑜
Ley de Hooke:
𝑃𝑥
𝑀𝑥 =
2
𝑚1 = 𝑥
𝑚2 = −1
𝑃𝑥
𝑀𝑥 ∗ 𝑚1 𝑎 ∗𝑥
∫ =∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑎
𝑚1 ∗ 𝑚1 𝑥 ∗ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑎
𝑚2 ∗ 𝑚1 −1 ∗ 𝑥
∫ =∫
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑎
𝑚2 ∗ 𝑚2 −1 ∗ −1
∫ =∫
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
Reacciones y solicitaciones:
𝑃
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝑏 =
2
Cortantes:
𝑃
𝑉𝑎 =
2
𝑃
𝑉𝑏 = − 2
Momentos:
𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝑏 = −
8
Tema 2
METODO DE LA RIGIDEZ
Dentro de los métodos clásicos (Cross) es necesario comprender el comportamiento
de los distintos tipos de estructuras que se tiene. El método de rigidez o matricial a
diferencia de los métodos clásicos considera las deformaciones como las
reacciones a las acciones externas producidas sobre una estructura.
El método de la rigidez o matriciales la base para el desarrollo de softwares en la
actualidad. (SAP, ROBOT, ADINA, ETC)
El método de la rigidez permite la resolución de todo tipo de estructuras y se basa
en la construcción y operación de matrices de rigidez de cada elemento y global de
la estructura. Dada la simplicidad de la metodología y lo estructurado de los
algoritmos de solución es que se puede resolver cualquier estructura independiente
de su magnitud.
2.1 Origen.
1945-1955 Análisis de matrices de flexibilidad por industria aeronáutica.
Turner, Cloud Martin y Topp “Stiffens and Deflexion Anlaysis of Complex
Structures”
El método consiste en reemplazar la estructura original por un modelo matemático
de elementos estructurales finitos cuyas propiedades pueden expresarse en forma
matricial.
{𝐹} = [ 𝐾 ] ∙ {𝛿}
𝐹𝑢1 = 𝐾 (𝑢1 − 𝑢2 ) 𝐹𝑢1 = 𝐾 𝑢1 − 𝐾 𝑢2
𝐴𝐸
𝐾=
𝐿
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝐹𝑥 −
{ 1} = [ 𝐿 𝐿 ] ∙ {𝑢1 }
𝐹𝑥2 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 𝑢2
−
𝐿 𝐿
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝐹𝑥1 0 − 𝐿 0 𝑢1
𝐿
𝐹𝑥2 0 0 0 0 𝑢
= ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹𝑥3 − 𝐿
𝐴𝐸
0
𝐴𝐸
0 3
𝐿 𝑢4
{𝐹𝑥4 } [ 0 0 0 0 ]
Barra compuesta (dos tramos)
Barra 1
𝑓𝑥 𝐾 −𝐾1 𝑢1
{ 1 }= [ 1 ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝑓´ 𝑥2 −𝐾1 𝐾1 2
Barra 2
𝑓´´𝑥2 𝐾 −𝐾2 𝑢2
{ }= [ 2 ] ∙ {𝑢 }
𝑓𝑥3 −𝐾2 𝐾2 3
𝑓𝑥1 𝐾1 − 𝐾1 0 𝑢1
{𝑓´ 𝑥2 } = [− 𝐾1 𝐾1 0] ∙ { 𝑢 2 }
𝑓𝑥3 0 0 0 𝑢3
𝑓𝑥1 0 0 0 𝑢1
{𝑓´´𝑥2 } = [0 𝐾2 − 𝐾2 ] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝑓𝑥3 0 − 𝐾2 𝐾2 𝑢3
𝑭 𝒙𝟏 𝑲𝟏 − 𝑲𝟏 𝟎 𝒖𝟏
{𝑭𝒙𝟐 } = [− 𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟏 + 𝑲𝟐 − 𝑲𝟐 ] ∙ { 𝒖 𝟐 }
𝑭 𝒙𝟑 𝟎 − 𝑲𝟐 𝑲𝟐 𝒖𝟑
Análisis matricial
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛
𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
[𝐴] = 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 ⋯ 𝑎3𝑛
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮
[𝑎𝑚1 𝑎𝑚2 𝑎𝑚3 ⋯ 𝑎𝑚𝑛 ]
Matriz m x n
𝑆𝑖 𝑚 = 𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎
𝑆𝑖 𝑚 = 1
[𝐴] = [𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛 ] 𝑅𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑛
𝑆𝑖 𝑛 = 1
𝑎11
𝑎12
{𝐴} = 𝑎13 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑎
⋮
{𝑎𝑚1 }
1 0 0
[𝐼] = [0 1 0] 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
0 0 1
𝑛
𝐵 = ∑ 𝑎𝑖 𝑗 𝐴𝑖 𝑗
𝑖=1
1 1 (−1)𝑖+𝑗
𝐴𝑖 𝑗 = [ ]
1 1
𝑇
𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [|𝐴𝑖 𝑗 |]
𝑎𝑑𝑗 [𝐴]
[𝐴]−1 =
𝐴
Ejemplo # 1
[𝐴] = [2 5 ]
8 −3
det [𝐴] = (2)(−3) − (8)(5)
det [𝐴] = −6 − 40
det [𝐴] = −46
Ejemplo # 2
5 7 2
[𝐴] = [0 −7 3]
2 2 7
−7 3 0 3 0 −7
| | −| | | |
2 7 2 7 2 2
7 2 5 2 5 7
[𝐴] = − | | | | −| |
2 7 2 7 2 2
7 2 5 2 5 7
[ |−7 3
| −|
0 3
| | |
0 −7 ]
(−49) − (6) −(−6) 14
det [𝐴] = [−((49) − (4)) (35) − (4) −((10) − (14))]
(21) + (14) −(15) (−35)
−55 6 14
det [𝐴] = [−45 31 4 ]
35 −15 −35
det [𝐴] = (5)(−55) + (7)(6) + (2)(14)
det [𝐴] = −205
det [𝐴] = (0)(−45) + (−7)(31) + (3)(4)
det [𝐴] = −205
det [𝐴] = (2)(14) + (3)(4) + (7)(−35)
det [𝐴] = −205
−55 6 14
[−45 31 4 ]
35 −15 −35
−55 −45 35
adj [𝐴] = [ 6 31 −15]
14 4 −35
−55 −45 35
[ 6 31 −15]
[𝐴]−1 = 14 4 −35
−205
0.27 0.22 −0.17
[𝐴]−1 = [−0.03 −0.15 −0.07]
−0.07 −0.02 0.17
Ejemplo # 3
2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 = 100
{4𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 6𝑥3 = 140
3𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 110
𝑥1
{ 2 } = [ 𝑘 ]−1 ∙ {𝐹}
𝑥
𝑥3
2 3 4
[𝐴] = [4 3 6]
3 5 3
3 6 4 6 4 3
| | −| | | |
5 3 3 3 3 5
[𝐴] = − |3 4 2 4 2 2
| | | −| |
5 3 3 3 3 4
3 4 2 4 2 3
[ |3 6
| −|
4 6
| | |
4 3 ]
(9 − 30) −(12 − 18) (20 − 9)
det [𝐴] = [−(9 − 20) (6 − 12) −(10 − 9)]
(18 − 12) −(12 − 16) (6 − 12)
−21 6 11
det [𝐴] = [ 11 −6 −1]
6 4 −6
det [𝐴] = (4)(11) + (6)(−1) + (3)(−6)
det [𝐴] = 20
det [𝐴] = (0)(−45) + (−7)(31) + (3)(4)
det [𝐴] = −205
det [𝐴] = (2)(14) + (3)(4) + (7)(−35)
det [𝐴] = −205
−21 6 11
[ 11 −6 −1]
6 4 −6
−21 11 6
adj [𝐴] = [ 6 −6 4 ]
11 −1 −6
𝑥1 −1
1 −21 11 6 100
{𝑥2 } = [ 6 −6 4 ] ∙ {140}
𝑥3 20
11 1 −6 110
−21 11 6
𝑥1 = ( ∙ 100) + ( ∙ 140) + ( ∙ 110)
20 20 20
𝑥1 = −105 + 77 + 33
𝑥1 = 5
6 −6 4
𝑥1 = ( ∙ 100) + ( ∙ 140) + ( ∙ 110)
20 20 20
𝑥1 = 30 + (−42) + 22
𝑥1 = 10
11 −1 −6
𝑥1 = ( ∙ 100) + ( ∙ 140) + ( ∙ 110)
20 20 20
𝑥1 = 55 + (−7) + (−33)
𝑥1 = 15
𝑥1 = 5
𝑥1 = 10
𝑥1 = 15
𝐹1 𝐾1 −𝐾1 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 𝑢1
𝐹2 𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 𝐾1 0 0 0 0 𝑢2
𝐹3 𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 𝐾1 0 0 0 𝑢3
0
𝐹4 = 0 0 𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 0 0 0 ∙ 𝑢4
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 𝐾1 0 0 ⋮ ⋮
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 0 0 ⋮ ⋮
{𝐹𝑛 } [0 0 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 ] {𝑢𝑛 }
Ejemplo # 4
𝐾𝑔⁄
𝐸 = 2 × 106 𝑐𝑚2
Barra 1
𝐾1 −𝐾1
𝐾=[ ]
−𝐾1 𝐾1
3 𝑐𝑚2 3 𝑐𝑚2
−
𝐾= 𝐸 50 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚
3 𝑐𝑚2 3 𝑐𝑚2
[ −
50 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐾= [ 𝐿 𝐿 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐿 𝐿
Barra 2
𝐾2 −𝐾2
𝐾= [ ]
−𝐾2 𝐾2
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐾= [ 𝐿 𝐿 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐿 𝐿
2 𝑐𝑚2 2 𝑐𝑚2
−
𝐾= 𝐸 70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚
2 𝑐𝑚2 2 𝑐𝑚2
[ −
70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚 ]
Barra 3
𝐾3 −𝐾3
𝐾= [ ]
−𝐾3 𝐾3
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐾 = [ 𝐿 𝐿 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
−
𝐿 𝐿
1 𝑐𝑚2 1 𝑐𝑚2
−
𝐾=𝐸 70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚
1 𝑐𝑚2 1 𝑐𝑚2
[ −
70 𝑐𝑚 70 𝑐𝑚 ]
𝐹1 𝐾1 −𝐾1 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹 −𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 −𝐾2 0 𝑢
{ 2} = 𝐸 [ ] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹3 0 0 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 −𝐾3 3
𝐹4 0 0 −𝐾3 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 𝑢4
𝐹1 0.0886 −0.028 0 𝑢1
{𝐹2 } = 𝐸 [ −0.028 0.042 −0.014 ] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹3 0 −0.014 0.014 𝑢3
𝑢2 0.0582
{𝑢3 } = [0.1807] Globales
𝑢4 0.2507 𝑐𝑚
Ejemplo # 5
𝐹 =𝐾 ∙𝑢
250 𝑚𝑚2 ∙ 20 𝐾𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
60 𝐾𝑁 = ∙𝑢
150 𝑚𝑚
𝑢 = 1.8 𝑚𝑚
𝑘 −𝑘
𝑘=| |
−𝑘 𝑘
𝐴𝐸 1 −1
𝑘1 = | |
𝐿 −1 1
Si tomamos esto pasaría la
pared pero eso no pasa
𝐴𝐸 1 −1
𝑘2 = | |
𝐿 −1 1
𝐴𝐸 1 −1 0
𝐾 = |−1 2 −1|
𝐿
0 −1 1
{𝐹} = [𝐾] ∙ {𝑢}
𝐹1 𝑢1
𝐴𝐸 1 −1 0
{𝐹2 } = 𝑢
[−1 2 −1] ∙ { 2 }
𝐹3 𝐿 𝑢3
0 −1 1
𝐹 𝐴𝐸 2 −1 𝑢2
{ 2} = [ ] ∙ { }
𝐹3 𝐿 −1 1 1.2 𝑚𝑚
60 𝐴𝐸 2 −1 𝑢
{ } 𝐾𝑁 = [ ] ∙ { 2 } 𝑚𝑚
0 𝐿 −1 1 1.2
100 2 −1
[ ]
3 −1 1
𝐷𝑒𝑡 [𝐴] = (2) − (1)
= −2
60 2 −1 𝑢
{ }= [ ] ∙ { 2}
0 −1 1 1.2
100 100
60 = ∙ (2) ∙ 𝑢1 − ∙ (1) ∙ (1.2)
3 3
60 = 66.67 𝑢1 − 50
60 + 50
𝑢1 =
66.67
𝑢1 = 1.65
Ejemplo # 6
𝐸 = 25 (𝐾𝑁 / 𝑚𝑚2 )
300 𝑚𝑚2 300 𝑚𝑚2
𝐾1 −𝐾1 −
[ ]= 150 𝑚𝑚 150 𝑚𝑚
−𝐾1 𝐾1 300 𝑚𝑚 2 300 𝑚𝑚2
−
[ 150 𝑚𝑚 150 𝑚𝑚 ]
𝐹2 0 3.5 −1.5 0 𝑢2
{𝐹3 } = 𝐸 [ −1.5 2.5 −1 ] ∙ {𝑢3 }
𝐹4 17 0 −1 1 𝑢4
10 3.5 −1.5 0 𝑢2
{ 0 } 𝐾𝑁 = 25 𝐾𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚2 [ −1.5 2.5 −1 ] ∙ {𝑢3 }
−17 0 −1 1 𝑢4
2.5 −1 −1.5 −1 −1.5 2.5
| | −| | | |
−1 1 0 1 0 −1
−1.5 0 3.5 0 3.5 −1.5
−| | | | −| |
−1 1 0 1 0 −1
−1.5 0 3.5 0 3.5 −1.5
[ | 2.5 −1| − |−1.5 −1| |−1.5 2.5 ]
|
Ejercicio # 1
Para un edificio de tres niveles de altura total 8m determinar los desplazamientos
horizontales por nivel para un efecto sísmico replicable éticamente con fuerzas de
acuerdo al diagrama.
Hallar la rotación del vínculo:
Módulo de elasticidad
𝑘𝑔⁄
𝐸 = 2.1 𝑥106 𝑐𝑚2
Barra 1
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 900 𝑐𝑚2 900 𝑐𝑚2
𝐾1 −𝐾1 − −
[ ]= [ 𝐿 𝐿 ] ∙𝐸 300 𝑐𝑚 300 𝑐𝑚
−𝐾1 𝐾1 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 900 𝑐𝑚2 900 𝑐𝑚2
− −
𝐿 𝐿 [ 300 𝑐𝑚 300 𝑐𝑚 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 625 𝑐𝑚2 625 𝑐𝑚2
𝐾2 −𝐾2 − −
[ ]= [ 𝐿 𝐿 ] ∙𝐸 250 𝑐𝑚 250 𝑐𝑚
−𝐾2 𝐾2 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 625 𝑐𝑚2 625 𝑐𝑚2
− −
𝐿 𝐿 [ 250 𝑐𝑚 250 𝑐𝑚 ]
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 400 𝑐𝑚2 400 𝑐𝑚2
𝐾3 −𝐾3 − −
[ ]= [ 𝐿 𝐿 ] ∙𝐸 250 𝑐𝑚 250 𝑐𝑚
−𝐾3 𝐾3 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 400 𝑐𝑚2 400 𝑐𝑚2
−
𝐿 𝐿 [− 250 𝑐𝑚 250 𝑐𝑚 ]
𝐹1 𝐾1 −𝐾1 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹 −𝐾1 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 −𝐾2 0 𝑢
{ 2} = 𝐸 [ ] ∙ {𝑢2 }
𝐹3 0 − 𝐾2 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 −𝐾3 3
𝐹4 0 0 −𝐾3 𝐾3 + 𝐾4 𝑢4
1000 5.5 −2.5 0 𝑢2
{1500} 𝑘𝑔 = 𝐸 [ −2.5 4.1 −1. 6 ] ∙ {𝑢3 }
2000 0 −1.6 1.6 𝑢4
5.5 −2.5 0
[𝐴] = [−2.5 4.1 −1. 6]
0 −1.6 1.6
4 4 4
[4 8.8 8.8 ]
4 8.8 16.3
𝐷𝑒𝑡 [𝐴] = (0) ∙ (4) + (−1.6) ∙ (8.8) + (1.6) ∙ (16.3)
𝐷𝑒𝑡 [𝐴] = 12
𝐷𝑒𝑡 = (5.5) ∙ (4) + (−2.5) ∙ (4) + (0) ∙ (4)
𝐷𝑒𝑡 [𝐴] = 12
4 4 4
𝐴𝑑𝑗 [𝐴] = [4 8.8 8.8 ]
4 8.8 16.3
𝑢2
1 1 4 4 4 1000
𝑢
{ 3} = ∙ [4 8.8 8.8 ] ∙ {1500}
𝑢4 2.1𝑥106 12
4 8.8 16.3 2000
𝑢2 = 0.00072
{𝑢3 } = [ 0.0014 ]
𝑢4 = 0.002
0.002
𝜃 = tan−1 ( )
800
𝜃 = 0.000143
TEMA #4
TRANSFORMACIÓN DE COORDENADAS
Y
x, y coordenadas globales
X, Y coordenadas Locales
Globales para saber desplazamientos globales
α
θ
X
A
α+ θ
𝑥 = 𝑃 cos(𝜃+∝)
P = 𝑃 cos 𝜃 ∙ cos ∝ − 𝑃 sin 𝜃 ∙ sin ∝
𝑦 = 𝑃 cos(𝜃+∝) = 𝑃 cos 𝜃 ∙ cos ∝ − 𝑃 sin 𝜃 ∙ sin ∝
α
𝑥 = 𝑃 cos(∝)
𝑦 = 𝑃 cos(∝)
Entonces:
𝑋 = 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝜃 − 𝑦 ∙ sin 𝜃
𝑌 = 𝑥 sin 𝜃 + 𝑦 ∙ cos 𝜃
𝑋 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 𝑥
{ }=[ ] { } ‘‘Globales a Locales’’
𝑌 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑦
𝑋 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 −1 𝑥
{ }=[ ] {𝑦}
𝑌 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝑋 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑥
{ }=[ ] { } ‘‘Locales a Globales’’
𝑌 −sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑦
Y F1y
F1x
F2y
FAx FBx
FAy FBy
X
ux
uy
X
𝐴 ∙ 𝐸 𝑐𝑠 𝑠 2 −𝑐𝑠 −𝑠 2
[𝐾] =
𝐿 −𝑐 2 −𝑐𝑠 𝑐 2 𝑐𝑠
−𝑐𝑠 𝑠2 𝑐𝑠 𝑠2
Ejemplo
1t
2t (3,2)
1t 4 7 1t
(1.5,1)
2t 5 (4.5,1)
1 3
9
6
(0,0) (6,0)
2 (3,0) 8
Paso 1
Numeración los Nudos
Paso 2
Numerar las Barras
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑙=
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝐿
𝐿 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
Barra Inicio 𝑥1 𝑦1 Final 𝑥2 𝑦2 L
1 1 0 0 2 1,5 1 128,28
2 1 0 0 3 3 0 300
3 2 1,5 1 3 3 0 128,28
4 2 1,5 1 4 3 2 128,28
5 3 3 0 4 3 2 200
6 3 3 0 5 4,5 1 128,28
7 4 3 2 5 4,5 1 128,28
8 3 3 0 6 6 0 300
9 5 4,5 1 6 6 0 128,28
𝑙 2 𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 −𝑙𝑚
𝐴 ∙ 𝐸 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2 −𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 ]
[𝐾1 ] = [
𝐿 −𝑚2 −𝑙𝑚 𝑙 2 𝑙𝑚
−𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2
0,69 0,46 −0,69 −0,46
0,46 0,303 −0,46 −0,303
[𝐾1 ] = 277346,36 ∙ [ ]
−0,69 −0,46 0,69 0,46
−0,46 −0,303 0,46 0,303
1 2
1 3
166666,67 0 -166666,67 0
1
K2= 0 0 0 0
-166666,67 0 166666,67 0
3
0 0 0 0
2 3
2 4
3 4
0 0 0 0
3
K5= 0 250000 0 -250000
0 0 0 0
4
0 -250000 0 250000
3 5
4 5
191369 -127579 -191369 127579
4
K7= -127579 84035,9 127579 -84035,9
-191369 127579 191369 -127579
5
127579 -84035,9 -127579 84035,9
3 6
166666,67 0 -166666,67 0
3
K8= 0 0 0 0
-166666,67 0 166666,67 0
6
0 0 0 0
5 6
Fila 1
𝐾11 → Nudo de Concurrencia: 𝐾1 + 𝐾2
𝐾12 ↔ 𝐾21 = 𝐾1 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 1
𝐾13 ↔ 𝐾31 = 𝐾2 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 2
𝐾13 = 0; 𝐾15 = 0; 𝐾16 = 0
Fila 2
𝐾21 = 𝐾12
𝐾22 = 𝐾1 + 𝐾3 + 𝐾4
𝐾23 ↔ 𝐾32 = 𝐾3 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 3
𝐾24 ↔ 𝐾42 = 𝐾4 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 4
𝐾25 = 𝐾52 = 0; 𝐾26 = 𝐾62 = 0
Fila 3
𝐾31 = 𝐾13 = 𝐾2 Barra 2
𝐾32 = 𝐾23 = 𝐾3 Barra 2
𝐾33 = 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 + 𝐾5 + 𝐾6 + 𝐾8
𝐾34 = 𝐾43 = 𝐾5 Barra 5
𝐾35 = 𝐾53 = 𝐾6 Barra 6
𝐾36 = 𝐾63 = 𝐾8 Barra 8
Fila 4
𝐾41 = 𝐾14 = 0
𝐾42 = 𝐾24 = 𝐾4 Barra 4
𝐾43 = 𝐾43 = 𝐾5 Barra 5
𝐾44 = 𝐾4 + 𝐾5 + 𝐾7
𝐾45 = 𝐾54 = 𝐾7 Barra 7
𝐾46 = 𝐾64 = 0
Fila 5
𝐾51 = 𝐾15 = 0
𝐾52 = 𝐾25 = 0
𝐾53 = 𝐾35 = 𝐾6 Barra 6
𝐾54 = 𝐾45 = 𝐾7 Barra 7
𝐾55 = 𝐾6 + 𝐾7 + 𝐾9
𝐾56 = 𝐾65 = 𝐾9 Barra 9
Fila 5
𝐾61 = 𝐾16 = 0
𝐾62 = 𝐾26 = 0
𝐾63 = 𝐾36 = 𝐾8 Barra 8
𝐾64 = 𝐾46 = 0
𝐾65 = 𝐾56 = 𝐾9 Barra 9
𝐾66 = 𝐾8 + 𝐾9
𝐾11 𝐾12 𝐾13 0 0 0
𝐾21 𝐾22 𝐾23 𝐾24 0 0
𝐾 𝐾32 𝐾33 𝐾34 𝐾35 𝐾36
𝐾 = 23
0 𝐾42 𝐾43 𝐾44 𝐾45 0
0 0 𝐾53 𝐾54 𝐾55 𝐾56
[ 0 0 𝐾63 0 𝐾65 𝐾66 ]
𝑈2𝑥 0,04930
𝑈2𝑦 −0,07621
𝑈3𝑥 0,03750
𝑈3𝑦 −0,08055
𝑈4𝑥 = 0,04712 [𝑐𝑚]
𝑈4𝑦 −0,07655
𝑈5𝑥 0,03512
𝑈5𝑦 −0,07502
{𝑈6𝑥 } { 0,0630 }
𝑅1𝑥 = −6000
𝑅1𝑦 = 166,67
𝑅6𝑦 = 2833,33
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 0 0
1 0 0 ]
0] ∙ [ 0 𝜃
𝜖 = [−1 −0 1 −sin cos 𝜃
𝐿 0 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
0 0 −sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝑈𝑥1
1 𝑈𝑦1
𝜖= [−𝑙 −𝑙 𝑙 𝑚] ∙ 𝑈
𝐿 𝑥2
[𝑈𝑦2 ]
Barra 5
3y4
0,03750
1 −0,08055
𝜖= ∙ [−0 −1 0 1] ∙ [ ]
200 0,04712
−0,07655
𝜖 = 0,00002 = 2 ∙ 10−5
𝜎5 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝜖
𝜎5 = 2 × 106 [𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2 ] ∙ 2 × 10−5 [𝑐𝑚⁄𝑐𝑚]
𝜎5 = 40 [𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2 ]
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = 𝑁5 = 𝜎5 ∙ 𝐴5
𝑁5 = 40 [𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2 ] ∙ 25 [𝑐𝑚2 ]
𝑁5 = 1000 [𝑘𝑔] (Tracción)
Ejemplo
4m
10 kN
Datos:
𝐴1 = 25 𝑐𝑚2
𝐴2 = 10 𝑐𝑚2
𝐸 = 2 ∗ 106 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
0 0 0 0
0 66666.67 0 −66666.67
𝐾1 = [0 0 0 0 ]
0 −66666.67 0 66666.67
128000 −96000 −128000 96000
−96000 72000 −96000 −72000
𝐾2 = [ −128000 96000 128000 −96000 ]
96000 −72000 −96000 72000
51200 38400 −51200 −38400
38400 28800 −38400 −28800
𝐾3 = [ −51200 −38400 51200 38400]
−38400 −28800 38400 28800
125000 0 −125000 0
0 0 0 0
𝐾4 = [ −125000 0 125000 0]
0 0 0 0
128000 −96000 −128000 96000
−96000 72000 96000 −72000
𝐾5 = [ −128000 96000 128000 −96000]
96000 −72000 −96000 72000
Ensamblaje de la matriz genérica
𝐾11 𝐾12 𝐾13 𝐾14
𝐾21 𝐾22 𝐾23 𝐾24
𝐾=[ ]
𝐾31 𝐾32 𝐾33 𝐾34
𝐾41 𝐾42 𝐾43 𝐾44
𝜎 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝜀𝑇
𝜎 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝛼 ∙ ∆𝑇
𝐹
= 𝐸 ∝∙ ∆𝑇
𝐴
𝐹 = 𝐴𝐸 ∝∙ ∆𝑇
Fuerza por efectos de cambios de temperatura o gradiente térmico
Ejemplo:
Dato
E=200GPa = 200*10^8 KN/m
∝ =1*10^-5 1/Cº
Barr d x y hast x y m^
a e 1 1 a 2 2 A L l m lm 2 l^2 AE/L
0.002 7.07 - 70710.6
1 1 0 0 4 5 5 5 1 0.7071 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 8
0.002
2 2 5 0 4 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 1 0 100000
1 0.002 7.07 - - - 70710.6
3 3 0 0 4 5 5 5 1 0.7071 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 8
1 0.002
4 4 5 5 5 0 5 5 5 1 0 0 0 1 100000
0 0 0 0
𝐾2 = [ 0 100000 0 −100000]
0 0 0 0
0 −100000 0 100000
35 −35 −35 35
−35 35 35 −35
𝐾3 = [ ]
−35 35 35 −35
35 −35 −35 35
100000 0 −100000 0
0 0 0 0
𝐾4 = [ ]
−100000 0 −100000 0
0 0 0 0
Global
𝐾11 𝐾12 𝐾13 𝐾14 𝐾15
𝐾21 𝐾22 𝐾23 𝐾24 𝐾25
𝐾 = 𝐾31 𝐾32 𝐾33 𝐾34 𝐾35
𝐾41 𝐾42 𝐾43 𝐾44 𝐾45
[𝐾51 𝐾52 𝐾53 𝐾54 𝐾55 ]
170710.68 0
𝐾44 = [ ]
0 170710.68
{𝐹} = [𝐾]{𝑢}
𝐹 = 𝐴𝐸 ∝ 𝐴𝑇 = 500001 ∗ 10−5 (30º)
𝐹 = 150 𝐾𝑁
−43.93 170710.68 0 𝑢𝑥1
{ }=[ ]{ }
106.06 0 170710.68 𝑢𝑦4
𝑢𝑥4 170710.68 0 −43.93
{ }=[ ]{ }
𝑢𝑦4 0 170710.68 106.06
𝑢𝑥4 = 2.57 ∗ 10−4 𝑚 → −0.0254𝑐𝑚
𝑢𝑦4 = 6.24 ∗ 10−4 𝑚 → −0.0624𝑐𝑚
𝐿 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑥1 − 𝑥2
𝑙=
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝐿
1 2
64000 48000 -64000 -48000
1
k1 48000 36000 -48000 -36000
-64000 -48000 64000 48000
2
-48000 -36000 48000 36000
2 3
42669.25 -64003.87 -42669.25 64003.87
2
K2 -64003.87 96005.80 64003.87 -96005.80
-42669.25 64003.87 42669.25 -64003.87
3
64003.87 -96005.80 -64003.87 96005.80
1 3
83333.33 0.00 -83333.33 0.00
1
K3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-83333.33 0.00 83333.33 0.00
3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3
K4 0.00 2000.00 0.00 -2000.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4
0.00 -2000.00 0.00 2000.00
Matriz general:
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
1 2 3 4
147333.33 48000.00 -64000.00 -48000.00 -83333.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 x1
1
48000.00 36000.00 -48000.00 -36000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 y1
-64000.00 -48000.00 106669.25 -16003.87 -42669.25 64003.87 0.00 0.00 x2
K= 2
-48000.00 -36000.00 -16003.87 132005.80 64003.87 -96005.80 0.00 0.00 y2
-83333.33 0.00 -42669.25 64003.87 126002.58 -64003.87 0.00 0.00 x3
3
0.00 0.00 64003.87 -96005.80 -64003.87 98005.80 0.00 -2000.00 y3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 x4
4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2000.00 0.00 2000.00 y4
1000
{𝑢} = [𝐾]−1 ∗ {−2000}
0
0
𝐹𝑥1 −1000.000
𝐹𝑦1 166.667
𝐹𝑥2 1000.000
𝐹𝑦2 −2000.000
= 𝐾𝑔
𝐹𝑥3 0.000
𝐹𝑦3 0.000
𝐹𝑥4 0.000
{𝐹𝑦4} { 1833.333 }
CON APOYO INCLINADOS
BARRA NUDO INICIAL Xi Yi NUDO FINAL Xf Yf L AREA l m l*m l^2 m^2 AE/L
1 2
64000.000 48000.000 -64000.000 -48000.000
K= 1 48000.000 36000.000 -48000.000 -36000.000 1
-64000.000 -48000.000 64000.000 48000.000
-48000.000 -36000.000 48000.000 36000.000 2
2 3
42669.246 -64003.869 -42669.246 64003.869
K= 2 -64003.869 96005.803 64003.869 -96005.803 2
-42669.246 64003.869 42669.246 -64003.869
64003.869 -96005.803 -64003.869 96005.803 3
1 3
83333.333 0.000 -83333.333 0.000
K= 3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1
-83333.333 0.000 83333.333 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3
1 2 3
X Y X Y X Y
147333.333 48000 -64000.000 -48000 -83333.333 0X
48000 36000 -48000 -36000 0 0Y 1
-64000.000 -48000 106669.246 -16003.8688 -42669.246 64003.8688 X
-48000 -36000 -16003.8688 132005.8032 64003.8688 -96005.80319 Y 2
-83333.333 0.000 -42669.246 64003.869 126002.579 -64003.8688 X
0.000 0.000 64003.8688 -96005.803 -64003.8688 96005.80319 Y 3
fuerzas desplazamieno
matriz inversa 0.00000957239 0.00000112571 0.00000061880 1000.000 0.007
0.00000112571 0.00000775832 -0.00000082507 -2000 -0.014390924
0.00000061880 -0.00000082507 0.00001600000 0 0.002268941
calculos de reacciones
Ejemplo
𝐸 = 2 ∗ 106 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 1: 𝐴 = 6 𝑐𝑚2
𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 2: 𝐴 = 9 𝑐𝑚2
𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎 3: 𝐴 = 10 𝑐𝑚2
𝐿 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑥1 − 𝑥2
𝑙=
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝐿
𝑙2 𝑙𝑚 −𝑙 2 −𝑙𝑚
𝐴𝐸 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2 −𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 ]
[𝐾] = [
𝐿 −𝑙 2 −𝑙𝑚 𝑙2 𝑙𝑚
−𝑙𝑚 −𝑚2 𝑙𝑚 𝑚2
1 4
1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
1
k1 1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
4
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
2 4
804.98 1609.97 -804.98 -1609.97
2
K2 1609.97 3219.94 -1609.97 -3219.94
-804.98 -1609.97 804.98 1609.97
4
-1609.97 -3219.94 1609.97 3219.94
1 4
1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
1
k1 1060.66 1060.66 -1060.66 -1060.66
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
4
-1060.66 -1060.66 1060.66 1060.66
3 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3
K3 0.00 5000.00 0.00 -5000.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4
0.00 -5000.00 0.00 5000.00
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
1 2 3 0
1060.66 1060.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1060.66 -1060.66 x1
1
1060.66 6060.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1060.66 -1060.66 y1
0.00 0.00 804.98 1609.97 0.00 0.00 -804.98 -1609.97 x2
2
0.00 0.00 1609.97 3219.94 0.00 0.00 -1609.97 -3219.94 y2
K= 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 x3
3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5000.00 0.00 -5000.00 y3
-1060.66 -1060.66 -804.98 -1609.97 0.00 0.00 1865.64 2670.63 x4
0
-1060.66 -1060.66 -1609.97 -3219.94 0.00 -5000.00 2670.63 9280.60 y4
Sin asentamiento:
𝐹4𝑥 = 3𝑇 − 1𝑐𝑜𝑠 (45) = 2.293
𝐹4𝑦 = −2.5𝑇 − 1𝑠𝑒𝑛(45) = −3.207
𝑢𝑥4 0.002931084
{𝑢 } = { }𝑚
𝑦4 −0.001189034
𝑢𝑥4 2.931
{𝑢 } = { } 𝑚𝑚
𝑦4 −1.189
𝐹𝑥1 0
𝐹𝑦1 0
𝐹𝑥2 0
𝐹𝑦2 0
= [𝐾] ∗
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 0
𝐹𝑥4 2.931
{𝐹𝑦4} {−1.189}
𝐹𝑥1 −1.847723521
𝐹𝑦1 −1.847723521
𝐹𝑥2 −0.445169698
𝐹𝑦2 −0.890339395
= 𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 5.945169698
𝐹𝑥4 2.292893219
{𝐹𝑦4} { −3.207106781}
Con asentamiento:
𝑢𝑥4 0.00817685
{𝑢 } = { }𝑚
𝑦4 −0.004853614
𝑢𝑥4 8.177
{𝑢 } = { } 𝑚𝑚
𝑦4 −4.853
𝐹𝑥1 0
𝐹𝑦1 0
𝐹𝑥2 0
𝐹𝑦2 0
= [𝐾] ∗
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 0.004
𝐹𝑥4 0.00818
{𝐹𝑦4} {−0.00485}
𝐹𝑥1 −3.524823828
𝐹𝑦1 −3.524823828
𝐹𝑥2 1.231930609
𝐹𝑦2 2.463861218
= 𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝐹𝑥3 0
𝐹𝑦3 44.26806939
𝐹𝑥4 2.292893219
{𝐹𝑦4} { −43.20710678}
Tema 8
Análisis 3D de Barras Articuladas
𝑃𝑥 = cos 𝜃𝑥 𝑃𝑥 cos 𝜃𝑥
𝑃𝑦 = cos 𝜃𝑦 {𝑃𝑦 } = {cos 𝜃𝑦 }
𝑃𝑧 = cos 𝜃𝑧 𝑃𝑧 cos 𝜃𝑧
𝐾 = [𝐼]−1 ∙ [𝐾] ∙ [𝐽]
𝑙
𝐽 = [𝑚 ]
𝑛
𝐽𝑇= [𝑙 𝑚 𝑛]
𝑙
𝐾11 = [𝑙 𝑚 𝑛] ∙ [𝐾] ∙ [𝑚]
𝑛
𝑙2 𝑙𝑚 𝑙𝑛
[𝑙𝑚 𝑚2 𝑚𝑛]
𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑛 𝑛2
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑙=
𝐿
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝐿
𝑧2 − 𝑧1
𝑛=
𝐿
𝐿 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )2
Ejemplo 1
BARRA INICIO x1 y1 z1 FINAL x2 y2 z2 A L l m n lm ln mn l^2 m^2 n^2 A (E/L)
1 1 0 0 0 5 200 300 500 15 616.4414 0.32444284 0.48666426 0.81110711 0.15789474 0.26315789 0.39473684 0.10526316 0.23684211 0.65789474 48666.4263
2 2 400 0 0 5 200 300 500 15 616.4414 -0.32444284 0.48666426 0.81110711 -0.15789474 -0.26315789 0.39473684 0.10526316 0.23684211 0.65789474 48666.4263
3 3 400 600 0 5 200 300 500 15 616.4414 -0.32444284 -0.48666426 0.81110711 0.15789474 -0.26315789 -0.39473684 0.10526316 0.23684211 0.65789474 48666.4263
4 4 0 600 0 5 200 300 500 15 616.4414 0.32444284 -0.48666426 0.81110711 -0.15789474 0.26315789 -0.39473684 0.10526316 0.23684211 0.65789474 48666.4263
1 5
5122,782 7684,173 12806,954 −5122,781 −7684,173 −12806,954
7684,173 11526,259 19210,431 −7684,173 −11526,259 −19210,431 1
12806,954 19210,431 32017,386 −12806,954 −19210,431 −32017,386
−5122,782 −7684,173 −12806,954 5122,782 7684,173 12806,954
−7684,173 −11526,259 −19210,431 7684,173 11526,259 19210,431 5
[−12806,954 −19210,431 −32017,386 12806,954 19210,431 32017,386 ]
2 5
5122,782 −7684,173 −12806,954 −5122,781 7684,173 12806,954
−7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 7684,173 −11526,259 −19210,431 2
−12806,954 19210,431 32017,386 12806,954 −19210,431 −32017,386
−5122,782 7684,173 12806,954 5122,782 −7684,173 −12806,954
7684,173 −11526,259 −19210,431 −7684,173 11526,259 19210,431 5
[ 12806,954 −19210,431 −32017,386 −12806,954 19210,431 32017,386 ]
3 5
5122,782 7684,173 −12806,954 −5122,781 −7684,173 12806,954
7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 −7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 3
−12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386 12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386
−5122,782 −7684,173 12806,954 5122,782 7684,173 −12806,954
−7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 5
[ 12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386 −12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386]
4 5
5122,782 −7684,173 12806,954 −5122,781 7684,173 −12806,954
−7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 4
12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386 −12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386
−5122,782 7684,173 −12806,954 5122,782 −7684,173 12806,954
7684,173 −11526,259 19210,431 −7684,173 11526,259 −19210,431 5
[−12806,954 19210,431 −32017,386 12806,954 −19210,431 32017,386]
Barra # 1
1 5
1
5
𝐾111 𝐾121
[ ]
𝐾211 𝐾221
2 5
𝐾 𝐾122 2
[ 112 ]
𝐾212 𝐾222 5
3 5
𝐾 𝐾123 3
[ 113 ]
𝐾213 𝐾223 5
4 5
𝐾 𝐾124 4
[ 114 ]
𝐾214 𝐾224 5
5122.78 (4) 0 0
𝐾= [ 0 11526024(4) 0 ]
0 0 32017.39 (4)
20491.13 0 0
𝐾= [ 0 46105.04 0 ]
0 0 128069.54
cm
𝑈𝑥5 −0.1952
𝑈
{ 𝑦5 } = { 0.0650 }
𝑈𝑧5 −0.0117
Tema 9
MARCO RÍGIDO
Axial → Solo una rigidez:
{𝐹} = [𝐾1 ] ∗ {𝑢}
Momento Flector:
{𝑀} = [𝐾2 ] ∗ {𝜃}
Esfuerzo cortante:
{𝑄} = [𝐾3 ] ∗ {𝛿}
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗 𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗
𝑄𝑖 = 𝑄𝑗 = − ( )
𝐿 𝐿
𝑑2𝑦
𝑀1 = 𝐸𝐼 (𝑎)
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑀1 = 𝑄𝑖 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖 (𝑏)
(a) = (b)
𝑑2𝑦
𝐸𝐼 = 𝑄𝑖 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrando 1 vez:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼 = 𝑄𝑖 − 𝑀𝑖 𝑥 + 𝐶1 (𝐴)
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrando 2 veces:
𝑥3 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 𝑄𝑖 − 𝑀𝑖 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 (𝐵)
6 2
Se reemplaza las condiciones de Bordé en la ecuación (A) debido a que se
está analizando la rotación.
Condiciones de Borde:
X=0 Y=0
X=L Y=0
X=L dy/dx =0
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗 𝑥 3 𝑥2 𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = ( ) − 𝑀𝑖 + ( ) 𝐿𝑥 (2)
𝐿 6 2 2
Cuando:
X=L Y=0 en (2)
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗
0=( ) − 𝑀𝑖 + ( )𝐿 ∗ 𝐿
𝐿 6 2 2
𝑀𝑖 = −2𝑀𝑗
𝑀𝑗
𝑀𝑗 = −
2
𝑑𝑦
= 𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝑀𝑗
𝑀𝑖 − 2
𝐸𝐼 𝜃 = ( )𝐿
2
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑗 = − 𝜃
𝐿
4𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑖 = 𝜃
𝐿
4𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
( 𝐿 − ( 𝐿 ))
𝑀𝑖 − 𝑀𝑗
𝑄𝑖 = = 𝜃
𝐿 𝐿
6𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼
𝑄𝑖 = 𝜃 𝑄𝑗 = −𝑄𝑖 = 𝜃
𝐿2 𝐿2
𝑑2 𝑦
𝐸𝐼 = −𝑄𝑖 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑖
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrando 1 vez:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼 = −𝑄𝑖 + 𝑀𝑖 𝑥 + 𝐶1 (𝐴)
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrando 2 veces:
𝑥3 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −𝑄𝑖 + 𝑀𝑖 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 (𝐵)
6 2
𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = 0
Al imponer un desplazamiento:
𝑥=𝐿 𝛿 =?
𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗 𝐿3 𝐿2
𝐸𝐼𝛿 = − ( ) + 𝑀𝑖
𝐿 6 2
𝑀𝑖 = 𝑀𝑗
2𝑀𝑖 𝐿3 𝐿2
𝐸𝐼𝛿 = − ( ) + 𝑀𝑖
𝐿 6 2
6𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑖 = 𝛿 𝑀𝑗 = 𝛿
𝐿2 𝐿2
𝑀𝑖 + 𝑀𝑗 12𝐸𝐼
𝑄𝑖 = = 3 𝛿
𝐿 𝐿
12𝐸𝐼 12𝐸𝐼
𝑄𝑖 = 𝛿 𝑄𝑗 = − 𝛿
𝐿3 𝐿3
Entonces la matriz de rigidez será:
EJEMPLO
fc´=?
Viga= 15x20
Θ= 0.01434 rad
Tramo 1-2
Trabajo Virtual
𝑀𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝑥
𝑀 = −𝑤𝑥
2
𝑥2
𝑀 = −𝑤
2
𝑚1 = 𝑥
𝑚2 = −1
𝑤𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿2
− + 𝑅𝑖 − 𝑀 =0 (𝑎)
8𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
𝑤𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿
− 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑀 =0 (𝑏)
6𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
𝑀1 = 0
𝐿
𝑀2 = −𝑃 (𝑥 − )
2
𝑃𝐿
𝑀2 = −𝑃𝑥 +
2
𝑀𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑅𝑖 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑖 = 0
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
Integrando:
5𝑃2 𝐿3 𝐿2
− + 𝑅𝑖 − 𝑀 =0 (𝑎)
48𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
16𝑃𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿
− 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑀 =0 (𝑏)
8𝐸𝐼 42𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑖
Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones (a) y (b) de tiene:
𝑃
𝑅𝑖 =
2
𝑃𝐿
𝑀𝑖 =
8
𝑀1 = −26666.67 𝐹1𝑦 = −4000 𝐹1𝑥 = 0
2𝐸𝐼 2 1 2𝐸𝐼 2 1
𝐾1 = [ ] 𝐾2 = [ ]
𝐿1 1 2 𝐿2 1 2
0.01 0.005 0
𝐾 = [0.005 0.0167 0.0033]
0 0.0033 0.0067
{𝑀} = [𝐾]{𝜃}
𝜃1 1 −446488.62
{𝜃2 } = {35964391.69}
𝜃3 𝐸𝐼
27062314.54
𝜃2 = 0.01434 𝑟𝑎𝑑
1
𝜃2 = 3.5964391.69
𝐸𝐼
𝑏ℎ3 203
𝐼= = 15 ∗ = 10000 𝑐𝑚4
12 12
1
𝐸= 35964391.69
10000 ∗ 0.01434
𝐾𝑔⁄
𝐸 = 250797.71 𝑐𝑚2
𝐾𝑔⁄
𝐸 = 15000√𝑓´𝑐 = 279.5 𝑐𝑚2
H-28
Sin embargo es un tipo de hormigón muy costoso por lo que se puede
aumentar o disminuir la altura de la viga.
Ejemplo
Grafico
1) Numeración de nodos.
2) Transformación de coordenadas.
{𝑊𝑥 } = [𝑇]{𝑤}
𝑊𝑥 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑤𝑥
{𝑊 } = [ ]{ }
𝑦 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑤𝑦
Para las barras ① y ③
𝑊𝑥 0.866 0.5 0
{𝑊 } = [ ]{ }
𝑦 −0.5 0.866 −1000
𝑊𝑥 500
{𝑊 } = { }
𝑦 −866.03
Para la barra ②
𝑊𝑥 0.866 0.5 0
{𝑊 } = [ ]{ }
𝑦 −0.5 0.866 −2000
𝑊𝑥 −1000
{𝑊 } = { }
𝑦 −1732
3)
Grafico
𝐹1𝑥 −250
𝐹1𝑦 −433
𝑀1 −7216.875
𝐹2𝑥 −3250
𝐹2𝑦 −5629
𝑀2 −512398.125
4) Vector Fuerzas 𝐹3𝑦 =
−3250
𝐹3𝑦 −5629
𝑀3 512398.125
𝐹4𝑦 −250
𝐹4𝑦 −433
{ 𝑀4 } { 7216.875 }
5) Matriz de rigidez local de cada barra
k2 0 -1610,15297 -483045,8915
0 483045,892 96609178,31
0 1610,15297
0 -483045,892
-483045,8915 uy2
193218356,62 R2
Matriz de rigidez global
6) Matriz Reducida
1630279,884 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 146725,197336259,48 0 0 0 0 0
07336259,48 489083965 489083965,2 0 0 0 0
0 0489083965 682302321,8289827535 0 0 0
0 0 0 193218356,6682302322 0 0 489083965,2
K= 0 0 0 0 01630279,88 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 146725,1896 7336259,478
0 0 0 0489083965 0 7336259,478 489083965,2
7)
{𝐹} = [𝐾]{𝑢}
6,13392E-07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 -5,2564E-06 2,41437E-07 -1,62591E-07 -3,69876E-08 0 -7,39752E-06 1,4795E-07
0 2,41437E-07 -4,82874E-09 3,25182E-09 7,39752E-10 0 1,4795E-07 -2,95901E-09
0 -1,62591E-07 3,25182E-09 -8,12956E-10 -1,84938E-10 0 -3,69876E-08 7,39752E-10
0 -2,46584E-08 4,93168E-10 -1,23292E-10 -8,12956E-10 0 -1,62591E-07 3,25182E-09
K^-1 = 0 0 0 0 0 6,13392E-07 0 0
0 -4,93168E-06 9,86335E-08 -2,46584E-08 -1,62591E-07 0 -5,2564E-06 2,41437E-07
0 9,86335E-08 -1,97267E-09 4,93168E-10 3,25182E-09 0 2,41437E-07 -4,82874E-09
ejemplo
3 T/m
2
1 2
1 2 L/ 3
L/
8
1 2
1 2 3
Cargas
7 𝑤𝐿
𝑅 𝑎𝑦 =
20
3𝑤𝐿
𝑅 𝑎𝑦 =
20
𝑤 ∗ 𝐿 2500 ∗ 4
𝑓1𝑅 = 𝑓2𝑡 = = = 5000 𝑘𝑔
2 2
𝑤 ∗ 𝐿 2000 ∗ 4
𝑓2𝑡 = 𝑓2𝑅 = = = 4000 𝑘𝑔
2 2
7 𝑤𝐿 7 ∗ 500 ∗ 4
𝑓1𝑡 = = = 700 𝑘𝑔
20 20
7 𝑤𝐿 3 ∗ 500 ∗ 4
𝑓1𝑡 = = = 300 𝑘𝑔
20 20
5700 5300 4700 4300
𝑤 ∗ 𝑙 2 500 ∗ 42 ∗ 100
𝑀1𝑡 = = = 40000 [𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑚]
20 20
𝑤 ∗ 𝑙 2 500 ∗ 42 ∗ 100 80000
𝑀2𝑡 = = = [𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑚]
30 30 3
𝑤 ∗ 𝑙2 2000 ∗ 42 ∗ 100 800000
= 𝑀1 = 𝑀2 = = [𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑚]
12 12 3
-1120000/3 160000/3
880000/3
Resumen
Kg F1x=0 F2x=0 F3x=0
Kg F 1y=-5700 F2y=-10000 F3y=-4300
Kg *cm M1=-1120000/3 M2=160000/3 M3=880000/3
L A
BAR (c (cm 12
RA m) 2) E AE/L EI/L^3 6 EI/L^2 4 EI/L 2EI/L
k1=k2:
376497 0 0 -376497.012 0 0
0 2117.7957 423559.138 0 -2117.79569 423559.138
0 423559.14 112949104 0 -423559.138 56474551.8
-376497 0 0 376497.012 0 0
0 -2117.796 -423559.138 0 2117.79569 -423559.138
0 423559.14 56474551.8 0 -423559.138 112949104
Para b)
434741 0 0 -434741.302 0 0
0 4347.413 869482.605 0 -4347.41302 869482.605
0 869482.6 231862028 0 -869482.605 115931014
-434741 0 0 434741.302 0 0
0 -4347.413 -869482.605 0 4347.41302 -869482.605
0 869482.6 115931014 0 -869482.605 231862028
Para a)
𝑅1 0.02298
𝑈𝑦2
{ } = {−7.082836}
𝑅2 0.00055
𝑅3 −0.0242
Para b)
𝑅1 −0.0955
𝑈𝑦2
{ } = { 1.2905 }
𝑅2 −0.0067
𝑅3 0.00946
Ejemplo.
1200 kg/m
1000 kg
25 x 50
3m
700 kg
25 x
4m
25 x 25 25 x25
5m
Paso 1: Enumeración
7 8
8
5 6
5 6
7
3 4
3 4
2
1
- -
1 -
250
- -
7
- 250
Paso 3
Matriz de transformación de cada barra
𝐾 = 𝑇 ∗ 𝑘 ∗ 𝑇𝑇
cos 𝜃 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 0 0 0 0
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 cos 𝜃 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
𝑇𝑇 =
0 0 0 cos 𝜃 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
0 0 0 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 cos 𝜃
[ 0 0 0 0 0 1 ]
𝑉𝐼𝐺𝐴 → 𝜃 = 0° = cos 𝜃 = 1
𝐶𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝐴 → 𝜃 = 90° = sen 90 = 1
Columna
0 1 0 0 0 0
−1 0 0 0 0 0
𝑇= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 −1 0 0
[0 0 0 0 0 1]
0 −1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
𝑇𝑇 = 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 −1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
[0 0 0 0 0 1]
PASO 4
Vector Fuerzas
𝐹5𝑥
𝐹5𝑦 700
𝑀5 −3000
−250000
𝐹6𝑥
0
𝐹6𝑦 −3000
𝑀6
= 250000
𝐹7𝑥 1000
𝐹7𝑦 −3000
𝑀7 −250000
𝐹8𝑥 0
−3000
𝐹8𝑦 { 250000 }
{ 𝑀8 }
Paso 5
Matriz Rigidez
BARRA L (cm) A (cm2) E AE/L 12 EI/L^3 6 EI/L^2 4 EI/L 2EI/L
3 y 4 colum. 400 625 217370.65 339461.64 1326.73 265345.03 70756675.5 35379337.8
5 y 6 colum. 300 625 217370.65 452555.52 3144.83 471724.5 94344900.7 47172450.4
7 y 8 vigas. 500 1250 217370.65 543426.63 5434.27 1358566.57 458255523 226427762