Alstom GRID

Transformadores de Tensión
Capacitivo
André Fernando da Silva
20/08/2012
 Agenda

1st topic Finalidad de un TPC Page 3

2nd topic Circuito equivalente y Cálculo de los errores Page 12

3rd topic Tipos constructivos y partes constituyentes Page 16

4th topic Como especificar um TPC (Guia) Page 50

5th topic Accesorios y Conclusión Page 74

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Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Finalidad de un TPC
 Definición

Los Transformadores de Tensión Capacitivos (CVT ) son equipos cuya

finalidad es reproducir en su circuito secundario una señal de tensión
proporcional a la tensión del circuito primario.

• Para facturación de energía y

protección en redes de alta tensión;
• Aplicaciones de onda portadora
(transmisión de datos utilizando la
red eléctrica).

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 Histórico

• En el pasado, divisores capacitivos eran utilizados para la obtención

de señales de tensión para sistemas indicativos y de señalización y
de comunicación a través de la alta tensión.

Divisor de Potencial Capacitivo para Capacitor de Acoplamento

Sistema de Indicação para Comunicação

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 Histórico

• Buscando el aumento de la potencia de la carga y una mejor

precisión, el divisor de tensión capacitivo se desarrolla desde su forma
mas simple hasta el actual transformador de tensión capacitivo (CVT).

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 Ventajas

• Ejecuta la función de dos equipos, un TP y un Condensador de

Acoplamiento, economizando estructuras y consecuentemente
espacio.

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 Ventajas

• Siendo utilizados para medición o protección son mas económicos

que el TP para clases de tensión igual o superiores a 170kV,
dependiendo de las características de precisión y carga.
• Son equipados con accesorios de sistemas de ondas portadoras para
seren usados en sistemas de comunicación. Conocido como sistema
OPLAT (onda portadora en linea de alta tensión), utiliza la liena de
transmissión al invés de cables telefónicos para hacer comunicación
entre subestaciones.
• Con base en el sistema OPLAT, permite la emissión y recepción de
voz, sinales eléctricos para operaren equipamientos de telemetria,
telecomando y protección.

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 Desventajas

• La respuesta del circuito secundario es mas lenta comparada al TP

durante un cortocircuito secundario y cortocircuito primario.
• No es aplicable para descarga de línea en vacio, el TPC no es
capable de disipar la energía, visto que seu primario es un capacitor
y no una bobina de cobre como el TP convencional.
• Desempeño en régimen transitorio y en la ferroresonancia (ambos
solucionados por dispositivos internos).
• Si la respuesta transitoria requerida por la norma de fabricación del
CVT es suficiente para la actuación correcta de los relés de
protección, entonces los costos entre el CVT y el TP deben ser
comparados.

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 Diferencia de circuito: TP x TPC

Transformador de Transformador de
Potencial Inductivo Potencial Capacitivo

P1 S1 P1

S1

P2 S2 P2 S2

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 CVT en el Sistema Eléctrico

Deben ser conectados entre los dos puntos del circuito de

transmisión donde hará la comunicación.

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Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Circuito equivalente y Cálculo de los errores

 Circuito Equivalente del TPC

CE
Lp Rp Ls Rs
U2

Lµ Rw

Carga
Uo Z

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 Circuito Equivalente del TPC
• Rp = Resistencia primaria del TPI + resistencia representa pierdas en el hierro y
cobre de la indutancia de ajuste LA + pérdidas dieléctricas de C1 y C2.
• Lp = Inductancia de ajuste LA + Inductancia de fuga del primario del TPI
• Lµ = Inductancia equivalente a las perdidas dewattadas del circuito magnético del
TPI
• Rw = Resistencia equivalente a las perdidas wattadas del circuito equivalente del
TPI
• Ls = Inductancia de fuga del secundario del TPI
• Rs = Resistencia del secundario del TPI
• Z = Carga conectada en el secundario del TPC

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 Cálculos de los errores

• Error de relación:

100.P   1  
  senϕ 
2 
ε% = − . R cos ϕ +  ω L − 
U 2 N   ωC e  

• Error de fase:

3438.P   1  
  cos ϕ 
2 
ψ min % = − . Rsenϕ −  ωL − 
U 2 N   ωC e  

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Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Tipos constructivos y partes constituyentes

 Línea de Productos

• Condensadores de Acoplamiento
72kV hasta 765kV
− OCCF

• Transformadores de Potencial
Capacitivos 72kV hasta 765kV
− OTCF

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 Características generales

• Un: 72,5kV hasta 765kV;

• Cn de 1750 hasta 37500pF;
• Capacidad térmica hasta 1500VA;
• Aislamiento en laminas de Al/pelicula de
prolipropileno/papel kraft-aceite de alta calidad;
• Excelente respuesta a transitorios;
• Capacidad de resistencia sísmica;
• Cumplimiento con IEC, ANSI/IEEE, NBR o
normativas equivalentes;
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 Tipos Constructivos

Hasta 170kV - 1 módulo 245kV ≤Un≤362kV - 2 módulos

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 Tipos Constructivos

420kV ≤Un≤550kV - 3 módulos

• Los equipos de 765kV presentan 4
módulos;
• La utilización de módulos es para
hacer el transporte, los CVT son
transportados en la posición
vertical;

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 Tipos Constructivos

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 Partes Constituyentes

Columna Capacitiva

TTI Inductivo

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 Partes constituyentes

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 Partes constituyentes

1- Terminal primario: 4 agujeros NEMA (aluminio fundido);

2- Cubierta del fuelle en aluminio fundido;
3- Fuelle de expansión en acero inoxidable, uno para cada modulo.
Tienen la función de controlar la presión del aceite;
4- Resorte de compresión: sirve para dar resistencia mecánica a los
pacotes dentro del aislador, para no alterar la capacitancia;
5- Conexión aislada de voltaje: Conecta el ultimo elemento al
flange;
6- Elementos del capacitor: forman la columna capacitiva

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 3- Fuelle de expansión

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 6- Elementos del capacitor

• Los elementos del capacitor tienen una mezcla

de material dieléctrico que consiste en capas
alternadas de película de polipropileno, láminas
de aluminio y papel dieléctrico kraft.
• Las capas de papel kraft sirven como agente de
succión para asegurar una impregnación
homogénea del aceite sintético;

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 6- Elementos del capacitor

• La relación papel/película/ lámina Al se determina

cuidadosamente a fin de proporcionar una capacitancia
constante para diferentes temperaturas;
• Los elementos capacitivos están conectados con laminillas de
cobre estañado de baja inductancia;

2 eletrodos

dielectrico

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 6- Elementos del capacitor

• Los elementos son

enrolados con precisión en
máquinas controladas por
microprocesadores.

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 6- Elementos del capacitor

Placa para sujetar • Elementos capacitivos individuales y

Placa de uniformes que están conectados en serie
contacto através de una laminilla de cobre estañado.
Contactos Elemento
capacitivo • Una placa de carton prensado en cada
extremo sujeta todos los elementos
capacitivos. Luego se comprime
Cinta de hidráulicamente y se unen con cinta de
fibra fibra de vidrio epóxica a fin de obtener el
de vidrio factor de espacio óptimo para los requisitos
de capacitancia y circulación del aceite.

• Una placa de conexión ubicada en cada

extremo se utiliza para mantener la
continuidad entre cada agrupamiento
capacitivo.
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 6- Elementos del capacitor

• Los conjuntos de
elementos capacitivos son
presionados
hidraulicamente y
conectados con una fita
de fibra de vidrio y resina
epoxica.
• Conectase el pasamuro
fundido en resina epóxica:
permite la pasaje de
tensión para alimentar el
transformador
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 Partes constituyentes

Columna capacitiva
• Es un divisor de tensión que proporciona un voltaje reducido en
el pasamuro del TP intermedio para una determianda voltaje
aplicada en el terminal primario;
• Ofrecer un camiño para el señal de alta frecuencia;
• Es un paquete de unidades (elementos) múltiples de
condensadores;
• Cada paquete está alojado en un aislador individual;
• Cada columna está herméticamente cerrada: fuelle de expansión;
• Están acopladas mecánicamente mediante un resorte de
compresión en el topo de la columna y la conexión de tensión es
hecha por los flanges;
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 Partes constituyentes

7- Aislador: porcelana o compuesto;

8- Conexión de la toma del divisor de tensión: 11/V3kV que
alimenta el transformador dentro del tanque;
9- Pasamuro fundido en resina epoxica: permite la pasaje de
tensión para alimentar el transformador;
10- Conexión de la terminal (HF) de alta frecuencia (caja sec.), en
la parte final de la columna capacitiva;
11- Dispositivo de supresión de ferroresonancia;
12- Terminales secundarios;

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 Partes constituyentes

13- Indicador de nivel de aceite ubicado en el tanque => proyecto

standard;
14- Caja de terminales en aluminio;
15- Transformador intermedio;
16- Sellador de resina: aceite/aire;
17- Dispositivos de toma de muestras de aceite;
18- Reactor de compensación;
19- Placa de cierre del tanque, donde está alojada la unidad
electromagnética (UEM). El tanque está lleno de aceite y
ubicado en la base de la columna capacitiva.

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 Partes constituyentes

Aceite Aislante
• Los aceites aislantes utilizados presentan propiedades como:
capacidad dieléctrica, estabilidad contra el envejecimiento y
absorción de gases;
• Unidades capacitivas: aceite sintético SAS-60E (excelente
propiedades para llegar a valores de Cn deseables) tiene
propiedades superiores de absorción de gases, lo que resulta en
bajas descargas parciales con altos niveles de tensión de
aparición/extinción; Presenta baja viscosidad, mejor
impregnación; Aumenta Cn sin aumentar la columna cap.
• Unidad electromagnética: aceite mineral nafténico Nitro 4000A,
el mismo utilizados en los TC’s y TP’s.
• Los aceites son libres de PCBs.

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 Partes constituyentes

Unidad Electromagnética (UEM)

• Disminuye el voltaje intermediario proporcionado por el divisor
de tensión a valores apropiados para aplicaciones de protección y
medición;
• Se aloja en un tanque-base con tapa, ambos de aluminio
fundido;
• El tanque-base se llena con aceite mineral tratado y sellado
herméticamente del aire ambiente y del aceite sintético de las
unidades del capacitor;
• En la base del tanque hay un tapón de purga del aceite;

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 Circuito Equivalente del CVT

1. Terminal primario;
2. Reactor de compensación;
3. Transf. Voltaje intermedio;
4. Terminal de tierra;
5. Dispositivo de supresión de
ferroresonancia;
6. Resistencia de amortiguamiento;
7. Terminal de onda portadora (AF);
8. Dispositivo de prot. sobretensiones;
9. Terminales secundarios;
10. Llave de aterramiento de pot., abrir en
caso de prueba
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 Esquema Electrico
1- Coluna Capacitiva
2- Bobina de Drenagem
3- Gap para proteção da bobina
4- Chave de aterramento de Carrier
5- Bobina de Bloqueio
6- Chave de aterramento do Circuito Magnético
7- Transformador de Potencial Indutivo
8- Circuito de Amortecimento
9- Reator de Compensação
10- Gap para atuação do enrolamento auxiliar

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 Accesorios para onda portadora (caja de terminales sec.)

• Bobina de drenaje (2) hecha con nucleo y arrollamiento de

cobre sirve para orientar el señal AF (sistema carrier);
• La bobina es calculada para que junto con Cn del TPC, presente
una atenuación conforme norma de <=0,5 dB (evitar ruídos)
dentro de los valores de frecuencia de carrier estipulados.
• El gap de la bobina de drenaje (3) debe protegerla de surtos de
tensión, atuando para sobretensiones > 3500V.
• La llave de aterramiento del carrier (4) debe aterrar el sistema
de carrier para manutención o cuando este no estiver en
operación.

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 2- Bobina de drenaje

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 Accesorios para onda portadora (interior del tanque)

• Bobina de bloqueo (5) debe bloquear el señal de alta

frecuencia para tierra cuando el TP está aterrado y bloquear el
señal de AF para el TP.
• La llave de aterramiento del circuito magnético (6) sirve para
aterrar la parte magnética para manuntención o cuando esta
no está siendo utilizada.
• El TP (7) sirve para bajar la tensión intermediaria a valores
normalizados, alimentar el circuito de supressión de
ferroresonancia y aislamiento galvanico.

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 8- Dispositivo de supresión de ferroresonancia

• La capacitancia inerente y la unidad eletromagnéctica con el

núcleo de hierro exigen la supresión de ferroresonancia;
• El DSF contiene un reactor saturable que actua como una llave,
que presenta una impedancia muy alta en condiciones normales
pero que activa un resistor de amortiguamiento en el secundario
a un voltaje prescrito y desactiva la carga amortiguadora cuando
el voltaje se ha normalizado;
• Un resistor es permanente, el otro es activado solamente cuando
el reactor satura.

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 8- Dispositivo de supresión de ferroresonancia

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 9- Reactor de compensación

• Reactor de compensación: reactancia en serie cancela el erro de

fase producida durante la transformación del voltaje en el divisor
de tensión capacitivo; También sirve para reducir los efectos
transitorios.
• Inductancia en fase con capacitancia equivalente del divisor
capacitivo => Z=0
• Un juego de tomas internas en el reactor y en el TPI son usados
para los ajustes de precisión y ángulo de defasaje en fábrica.
• La protección contra sobretensiones se logra mediante un
explosor (gap) de protección (10) conectado en paralelo a las
reactancias en serie.

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 9- Reactor de compensación

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 Caja de terminales secundarias

• Material: Aluminio fundido;

• La zona de la caja se calienta por transferencia térmica del
tanque lleno de aceite. Esto evita la condensación en la caja
terminal y elimina la necesidad de utilizar un calentador;

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 Partes constituyentes

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 Supresión del efecto corona

• Para niveles de tensión iguales o superiores

a 245kV, los TPC’s son suministrados con
un eletrodo de aluminio para garantizar la
performance de aislamiento.

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 Instalación de Trampa de Onda en la parte
superior del CVT
Para verificar la posibilidad de instalación de una Trampa de Onda la
parte superior del CVT deben ser llevados en consideración:
• Las dimensiones de la Trampa de Onda (altura y diámetro);

• Cuantas trampas de onda (1,2 o 3) serán instaladas, pues una

presenta interferencia en la otra;

• Velocidad del viento en el local de instalación;

• Sismicidad;

• Máximo esfuerzo aplicado a los terminales de la Trampa de Onda

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 Instalación de Trampa de Onda en la parte
superior del CVT

• Las trampas de onda sirven para

direccionar el señal de un TPC para otro;

• Para no dejar que el señal de alta

frecuencia escape de la región delimitada
de comunicación;

• Es necesario suminsitrar una placa de

adaptación y retirar el terminal primario;

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Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Como especificar un TPC (Guia)

 Guía de una especificación

• Normas que se aplican

• Niveles de aislamiento, frecuencia y Clase de Tensión;
• Clase de precisión y Potencia Térmica;
• Capacitancia y rango de frecuencia de Carrier (TPC)
• Tensión primaria nominal y Factor de Tensión;
• Calculo de los errores;
• Ferro resonancia;
• Respuesta al cortocircuito primario;
• Ventajas y desventajas;

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Normas que se aplican

1. IEC ( International Eletrotechnical Comission)

IEC 61869-1 – Requisitos generales
IEC 61869-5 – Capacitive Voltage Transformers
Sustitui IEC 60044-5/04 – Capacitive Voltage Transformers

2. IEEE ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

IEEE C93.1/99 – Coulpling Capacitor Voltage
Transformers

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Tensión máxima y niveles de aislamiento

• La tensión máxima del equipo debe ser como mínimo, la tensión

más elevada del sistema dónde el CVT será instalado y de acuerdo
a la norma;
• Niveles de aislamiento son valores estándar y deben ser definidos
con base en la clase de tensión de servicio del circuito en el que el
CVT será instalado, y así representados:
NA: tensión soportable nominal a la frecuencia industrial/ tensión
de choque de rayo/ tensión de impulso de maniobra*

* Establecido para tensión arriba de 245kV

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Tensión máxima y niveles de aislamiento
• Según Norma IEC-60044.5, valores en kV
Tensión máxima del equipo ( Um) Tensión soportable a la frecuencia industrial 1 min Tensión soportable de choque de rayo Tensión de impulso de maniobra

72.5 140 325 -

100 185 450 -
185 450 -
123
230 550 -
230 550 -
145
275 650 -
275 650 -
170
325 750 -
395 950 -
245
460 1050 -
395 950 750
300
460 1050 850
460 1050 850
362
510 1175 950
570 1300 1050
420
630 1425 1050
630 1425 1050
525
680 1550 1175
880 1950 1425
765
975 2100 1550

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 Tensión máxima y niveles de aislamiento

• Según Norma IEEE C93.1, valores en kV

Tensión máxima del Tensión soportable a la Tensión soportable de Tensión de impulso de

equipo ( Um) frecuencia industrial 1 min choque de rayo maniobra

72.5 140 350 -

185 450 -
123
230 550 -

145 275 650 -

170 325 750 -

395 900 -
245
460 1050 -

362 575 1300 825

750 1675 1175

550
800 1800 1175

800 920 2500 1425

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 Potencia y clase de precisión

Servicio de medición IEC

• 30VA, Cl 0,2 - cos ϕ =0,8
• 30VA = Potencia aparente nominal
• CL 0,2 = Clase de precisión garantizada con 100% y 25% de la
potencia nominal con 80% y 120% de la Vn.

Servicio da medición IEEE

• 0,3WXY - cos ϕ =0,9
• WXY = Potencia aparente 75VA
• 0,3 = Clase de precisión garantizada con 90% hasta 110% de la
tensión nominal con carga desde cero ( 0 ) hasta la carga nominal.
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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Potencia y clase de precisión

Servicio de medición IEC

Defasaje ±
CLASE DE PRECISIÓ
PRECISIÓN Porcentaje del error ±

Minutos Centiradianos

0.1 0.1 5 0.15

0.2 0.2 10 0.3

0.5 0.5 20 0.6

1.0 1.0 40 1.2

3.0 3.0 No especificado No especificado

• El CVT de medición debe mantener su precisión, con la frecuencia

nominal, para tensiones entre 80% y 120% de la tensión nominal,
con carga secundaria entre 25% y 100% de potencia secundaria
nominal;

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 Potencia y clase de precisión

Servicio de medición IEEE

C L A S E DE
E rro re s de C o rrie nte
PREC IS IÓ N
C on 100% In y 110% Un C on 10% de Un
Mínimo Máx imo Mínimo Máx imo
0,3 0,997 1.003 0,994 1.006
0,6 0,994 1.006 0,988 1.012

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 Potencia y clase de precisión

Servicio de la protección IEC

• 30VA, 3P - cos ϕ =0,8
• El TPC tiene un error de tensión menor que 3% desde 5% hasta
el factor de tensión nominal veces la tensión nominal. Con 2% de
la tensión nominal el error debe ser dos veces el error nominal de
la clase. Los errores deben ser mantenidos con 25% y 100% de la
potencia nominal.

Servicio de la protección IEEE

• 1,2R - WXY - cos ϕ =0,85
• El TPC tiene un error de tensión menor que 1,2% desde 90% hasta
110% de la tensión nominal con la potencia nominal desde cero ( 0
) hasta 75VA..
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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Classe e Carga de Exatidão

A Classe e a Carga de Exatidão devem ser

garantidas nas seguintes condições:

Variações da freqüência Variações na

Norma Temperatura
Medição Proteção Ambiente

99 a 101% fN 96 a 102% fN
IEC -25 a +40°C
(59,4 a 60,6 Hz) (57,6 a 61,2 Hz)

Não possui
ANSI 58 a 62 Hz -40 a +45°C
variação

ABNT 99 a 101% fN 97 a 103% fN

-5 a +40°C
(Projeto) 59,4 a 60,6 Hz 58,2 a 61,8 Hz

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Capacidad máxima

Factores de influencia en la capacidad máxima del equipo y

consecuentemente el costo:

• Clase y carga de precisión;

• Factor de sobretensión;
• Frecuencia;
• Número de devanados secundarios;
• Capacitancia nominal;

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Potencia Térmica

• Es la potencia máxima que el TP debe soportar sin exceder el

límite de elevación de temperatura de acuerdo a la norma a la
cual ha sido especificado.
• La clase de precisión no es garantizada para la potencia térmica.
• La norma ABNT (Brasil) menciona como calcular la Pth:

Pth = ( Fst ) 2 * máx. pot.nom.

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Capacitancia Nominal y Frecuencia de
Carrier
• Capacitancia nominal: es el valor nominal de la capacitancia de la
columna.
• Él responsable por la elección de la capacitancia mínima del CVT es
el Ingeniero de comunicaciones, ya que su interés es que la señal de
CARRIER inyectado en el extremo de la línea llegue con suficiente
intensidad al otro extremo. Además el rango de frecuencia que de
acuerdo a la norma debe ser entre 30 y 532 kHz.
• Capacitancia mínima para que las pierdas no influencien la
comunicación del sinal;
• La perdida de la señal por inserción de la bobina de drenaje debe ser
menor que 0,5dB;

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Capacitancia Nominal y Frecuencia de Carrier

• Capacitancia nominal: cuanto > aislador; < capacitancia;

Tipo (Um(kV)) SR,SI,SM IR,II,IM ER,EM
Capacitancia (pF)
OTCF 72.5 12500 16700 37500
OTCF 123 7500 10000 22500
OTCF 145 6250 8300 18800
OTCF 170 5250 6700 16200
OTCF 245 3750 5000 11250
OTCF 300 3150 4150 9400
OTCF 362 2650 3350 8100
OTCF 420 2100 2770 6250
OTCF 550 1750 2250 5400
OTCF 765 - - 4000
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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Faja de Frecuencia de Comunicación

• Es el rango de frecuencia que será utilizado para la

comunicación.

• Se no especificado utilizase de 30 hasta 532kHz

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Tensión primaria-secundaria nominal y
factor de tensión

• La tensión primaria nominal debe ser la tensión nominal, entre fase

y tierra, del sistema donde el equipo será instalado.

69.000/√3 / 115 √3 V

138.000/ √3 / 110/ √3 V

230.000 √3 / 115/115√3 V

• El factor de tensión debe ser especificado de acuerdo a la norma y

las condiciones de puesta a tierra del local de instalación del CVT.

IEC => 1,2Un continuo y 1,5Un por 30 segundos

IEEE => 1,1Un continuo y 1,4Un por 30 segundos

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Ejemplo de una especificación

Transformador de Tensión Capacitivo 145kV, f=60Hz

Norma IEC 60044-5
138.000/√3 - 115/115/√3 (2x)
50VA, Cl 0.2, 50VA, CL 3P
Carga simultanea=100VA
FT - 1,2Un continuo y 1,5Un por 30 segundos
Pth=800VA (total), Cn=6300pF
Nivel de contaminación: 25 mm/kV
Altitud: < 1000 msnm

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Régimen Transitorio

Los CVT están sometidos a dos condiciones de transitorio:

• La Ferro Resonancia que aparece principalmente en la apertura de

un cortocircuito secundario;

• Al tiempo de recuperación o respuesta a un Cortocircuito Primario;

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Régimen Transitorio

• La causa de las oscilaciones es debido al hecho del equipo ser

constituido por elementos capacitivos, inductivos y resistivos.

• Estas oscilaciones son inadmisibles, una vez que pueden ocasionar

sobretensiones elevadas que pueden deteriorar el CVT y los equipos
a él conectados.

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia

• Ocurrido un cortocircuito secundario y estando el CVT energizado, el

interruptor de protección del secundario actúa eliminando este
cortocircuito.
• Después del cambio de cierre del interruptor, toda la energía
almacenada en los elementos capacitivos es bruscamente
descargada, criando una corriente de circulación en el primario del
TP que se refleja en el secundario.
• Esta energía se disipa haciendo el núcleo del TP y del reactor saturar,
para eso sirve el circuito de supresión de Ferro resonancia.

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 Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia

• El producto de esta corriente por la impedancia primaria causa una

sobretensión en la unidad electromagnética, haciendo con que las
inductancias del TP satúrense y el dispositivo de protección contra
sobre tensiones actúe.
• Esto ocasiona oscilaciones en el circuito, que no desaparecen al
menos que el CVT sea desconectado del sistema.
• Para suprimir estas oscilaciones se coloca una impedancia de
amortiguamiento de bajo valor, con la finalidad de disipar la energía
almacenada, eliminando las oscilaciones y el efecto de la Ferro
Resonancia.

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia
Tensão Primaria
Tensão Secundária
Corrente Secundária

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Respuesta al Cortocircuito Primario

Presenta una respuesta menos rápida que los TP’s, siendo importante
hacer un estudio real del tiempo de respuesta necesario para
el sistema de protección.
Tensão Primária

Cortocircuito
Tensão Secundária

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Accesorios
 Accesorios

• Accesorios ya inclusos (standard)

• Accesorios conforme solicitación

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Accesorios ya incluidos

• Indicador del nivel de aceite en la unidad

electromagnética
• Válvula para retirada de muestra de aceite
• Membrana metálica par expansión del aceite de la
columna capacitiva (acero inoxidable)
• Dispositivo para izamiento
• Conector de puesta a la tierra
• Terminal primario (4 agujeros NEMA Al)

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Accesorios ya incluidos

• Caja de terminales secundarios

• Placas de identificación y diagramático
• Dispositivo contra sobre-tensiones en la unidad
electromagnética
• Llave de puesta a la tierra del TP
• Dispositivo supresor de ferroresonancia
• Bobina de drenaje, llave carrier, terminal HF (se no
solicitados pueden ser sacados)

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Accesorios conforme solicitación

• Mini-interruptores de protección del secundario, con o sin

contacto de alarme
• Termostato
• Caja secundaria bipartida con dispositivo para lacre de la
caja secundaria

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Accesorios conforme solicitación

• Tipo de material del terminal primario

• Agujeros para entrada de cables en la caja secundaria
• Indicador de nivel de aceite para cada modulo capacitivo

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 Accesorios conforme solicitación

• Pintura de las partes metálicas

• Conector primario
• Rango de cables para el conector de puesta a la tierra
• Sub-base con entre-eje de fijación especial

• Adaptador para la Trampa de Onda

(suministrado en sustitución al terminal
primario)

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Conclusión
 Aumento del Costo del equipo

• Número de devanados

• Clase e carga de precisión (individual y simultanea)

• Capacitancia nominal

• Condiciones especiales de instalación

• Accesorios extras

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
 ¡Muchas Gracias!
Ing. André Fernando da Silva
Sales Specialist - AIS
Tel. 55 35 3629-7094
Fax:(35) 3629-7007
andre-fernando.silva@alstom.com

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