Solucionario de ecuaciones diferenciales

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
Solucionario Mate 3
Matemáticas (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León)
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lOMoARcPSD|3867009
1 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
EJERCICIOS 1.1 ORDEN GRADO LINEALIDAD
d3y  dy  3 1 SI
1. _ = 3x   + 5 y
dx 3  dx 
d2y  dy 
4
 dy 
3
2 1 NO
25 2
+ 13   + x 2 =  
dx  dx   dx 
dy d3y
3
d 3y
5
3 5 NO
35 + 18  3  = 8 x +  3 
dx  dx   dx 
3 2 SI
d3y  dy 
45  3  − 5 x = 8  
 dx   dx 
2 1 SI
d 2 y 
55  2  = x−2
 dx 
3 6 NO
3
d 2 y  d3y
65  2  + 3 x = 5  3 
 dx   dx  2 6 NO
1
d 2y  dy  4
75  2  + 7 x = 81 + 
 dx   dx  3 1 SI
d3y dy
85  3  =
 dx  dx 5 2 NO
5
1
d 5y 3  d 2 y 2  2
95  5  = 81 +  2   2 3 NO
 dx    dx  
 
3 5
d 2 y  dy 
10 5  2  = 5 −  
 dx   dx 
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
EJERCICO 1.2
Determinar si la solución general es o no de la ecuación general dada.
−1
1) = 2
+ + ′= 4
( ′5 2
dy
= 0 − cx − 2
dx
c 2 − cx −1 + x(cx − 2 5 = x 4 (cx − 2 5
c 2 − cx −1 + cx −1 = x 4 (c 2 x − 4 5
c2 = c2 Si os solucion
 
2) (1 − 5=0  + =
 
dy
dx
( )
= o Cosx Sony + (1 − Cosy )o Cosx (− Sonx )
dy
dx
( )
= o Cosx Sony y ′ − (1 − Cosy )o Cosx (Sonx )
y′ = −
(1 − Cosy )o Cosx (Sonx )
(
o Cosx Sony )
 (1 − Cosy )o (Sonx )  Cosx
Sony −  + SonxCosy = Sonx
 o Cosx Sony(  )
Sonx = Sonx Si os solucion
 2

3) =8 3
+3 2
+  2
 − 2 = 120 3
 
dy
= 40 x 4 + 6 x
dx
d2y
2
= 160 x 3 + 6
dx
160 x 3 + 6 − 6 = 160 x 3
160 x 3 = 160 x 3 Si os solucion
 2

4) = 1 3 + 2 3  2
 + 9 = 0
 
dy
= 3c1Cos 3 x − 3c 2 Son3 x
dx
d2y
= −9c1Cos 3 x − 9c 2 Son3 x
dx 2
− 9c1Cos 3 x − 9c 2 Son3x + 9(c1Cos3 x + c 2 Son3 x5 = 0
0 = 0 Si os solucion
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
−   −
5) =( + )  + =
 
dy
= −o − x ( x + c 5 + o − x
dx
− o − x ( x + c 5 + o − x + −o − x ( x + c 5 = o − x
o−x = o−x Si os solucion
 
6) = 3
 −3 = 0
 
dy
= 5co 5 x
dx
5co 5 x − 5co 5 x = 0
0 = 0 Si os solucion
2
 2
  
7) ln = 1 + 2
 2
 −   = 2
ln
   
dy
= y (c1Cos − c 2 Sonx5
dx
d2y
= y ( −c1 Sonx − c 2 Cosx 5 + (c1Cosx − c 2 Sonx5 dy
dx 2
y[ y (c1Cos − c 2 Sonx 5 − (c1Cosx − c 2 Sonx5 dy ] − [ y (c1Cos − c 2 Sonx5 ] = y 2 ln y
2
y 2 (c1Cos − c 2 Sonx5 + y 2 (c1 Sonx − c 2 Cosx 5 − y 2 (c1Cos + c 2 Sonx 5 = y 2 ln y
y 2 (c1 Sonx − c 2 Cosx 5 = y 2 (c1 Sonx − c 2 Cosx 5 Si os solucion
EJERCICIOS 1.3
1) y = 7x² + 8x + C
y = 14 x + 8
2) y = C1x² + C2
y' = C1(2x) 2C1 = y'
y"= 2C1 x
x( y”) = y'
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
3) y = C1 sen 8x + C2 cos8x
y' = 8C1 cos 8x – 8C2 sen 8x
y" = 364 C1 sen 8x – 64C2 cos 8x
y"= 364y
y" + 64y = 0
4) y = tan (3x + c)
Tan ‫־‬¹ (y) = 3x + c
y' _
1 + y² = 3
y' = 3 (1 + y² )
5) y = C1(o 3 x ) + C2( o −5x ) 5y = 5C1( o 3 x ) + 5C2( o −5x )

3x −5 x 3x −5 x
y' = 3C1( o ) – 5C2( o ) y' = 3C1( o ) – 5C2( o )
3x −5 x 3x
y" = 9C1( o ) + 25C2( o ) 33 [ 5y + y' = 8C1( o )]
5y' = 15C1( o 3 x ) – 25C2( o −5x ) 315y 3 3y' = 3 24C1( o 3x )

3x −5 x 3x
y" = 9C1( o ) + 25C2( o ) 5y' +y" = 24C1( o )
3x
5y' +y" = 24C1( o ) 315y 3 3y' + 5y' +y" = 0
y" + 2y' – 15y = 0
6) y = x tan (x + c)
Tan ‫־‬¹ (y/x) = x + c
xy' – y y²
xy' – y x² = 1 + x²
x² __ = 1
1 + y²_ xy'3 y = x² + y²
x²
xy' = x² + y² + y
7) y = C1 senh(x) + C2 cosh(x)
y' = C1 cosh(x) + C2 senh(x)
y" = C1 senh(x) + C2 cosh(x)
y"= y
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
8) x²_ y²_
C1² = 1 " C2² xC2² = 3yy'(C1²)
C2² = 3C1²yy" 3 C1²(y')²
2C1²x_ 3 2 C2²yy' C2² = C1²( 3yy'' 3 (y')² )
4 4
C1 = C2 3yy'
x = 3yy'' 3 (y')²
xC2²_
C1² = 3yy'
x [yy'' + (y')²] = yy'
9) y = x sen(x + c)
y_
x = sen (x + c)
sen‫ ־‬¹ (y/x) = x + c

y2
(xy' 3 y)² = [ 1− ]²
x2
(x²)²
xy' 3 y
4
x²___ = 1 x²(y')² 3 2xy'y + y² = (1 3 y²/x² ) x
y2
1−
x2
4
x²(y')² 3 2xy'y + y² + x²y² = x
10) ( x – C1)² + y² = C2²

x² 3 2xC1 – C1² + y² = C2²
2x – 2C1 + 2yy' = 0
[ 2 + 2yy''+ 2(y')² = 0 ] (1/2)
1 + yy" + (y')² = 0
11) Todas las líneas rectas (hay dos ctes. X y C )
Ax + By + C = 0
0 + By' = 0 y" = 0_ y” = 0
By"= 0 B
12) Todas las circunferencias de radio = 1 y centro en el eje x
(x – h)² + (y – k)² = r² r=1 h k

2x – 2h + 2yy' = 1 (h , 0) centro en el eje x
x – h + yy' = 1
√(x – h)² = √(13 y²) [√(13 y²)]² = (3yy')²

1 3 y² = y²( y')²
x – h = √(13 y²) 1= y²( y')² + y²
y²[(y')² + 1] = 1
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
EJERCICIOS 2.1
1) 5x dx + 20y19dy=0
(5x5)/5 + (20y20)/20 = c
x5+y20=c
2) 2sen2x dx + 3e3ydy = 2x dx
3cos2x + e²y = x²+c

e3y = cos 2x + x² + c
3) dr/ds = r
∫dr/r = ∫ds
ln r = s + c
eln r = es + ec
r = ces
4) dx + dy + xdy = ydx
dy(1+x) = dx(y31) [1/(1+x)(y31)]

dy/(y31) = dx/(1+x) = ln |y31| 3 ln|1+x| = c
e ln (y31)/(1+x) = ec
(y31)/(1+x) = c
y31 = c(1+X)
5) x sen y dx + (x²+1) cos y dy = 0 [1/(seny)(x²+1)]
∫(x dx/x²+1) + ∫(cos y dy)/seny = ∫0

½ ∫x2dx/x²+1 + ∫cot y dy = 0
½ ln|x²+1| + ln|sen y| = c
ln |√(x²+1) (sen y)| = c
(x²+1)(sen²y) = c
7) dy/dx = (x+1)/(y +1) = ∫(y +1) dy = ∫(x+1) dy
y5/5 + y = x²/2 + x + c [10]

2y5 + 10y = 5x² + 10x + c
2y(y +5) = 5x(x+2) + c
9) x sen xe"y dx – y dy =0 [1/ey]
∫x sen x dx 3∫yey dy = 0
3x cos x + sen x – yey + ey = c
8) xy dx + (y²+2) e"3x dy = 0
e3x dx + (y²+2)/y dy = 0
∫e3x x dx + ∫dy/y² + ∫2dy/y = ∫0
(1/3 e3x x) + (1/9 e3x ) – (y31 )– (2/3 y33 )= c [9y³]
y³( 3e3x + e3x ) – 9y² 3 6 = 9cy³
e3x y³(3+1) 3 9y² 3 6 = cy³
10) dy/dx = e3x + e2y
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
dy/ e2y = e3x dx

31/2∫ e32y 2dy = 1/3∫ e3x dx
(31/2)e32y = (1/3)e3x +c [6]
33 e32y = 2 e3x + c
11) dy/dx = (xy+3x"y"3)/(yx"2x+4y"8)
=((y+3)(x31))/((y32(x+4))
dy (y32)/y+3) = dx ((x+1)/(x+4)
∫( 1 3 5/(y+3) dy = ∫(1 3 5/(x+4) dx
y – 5 ln|y+3| = x – 5 ln|x+4| + c
e 3 (y+3)5 = ex – (x+4)5 + c
12) dy/dx = sen x (cos 2y " cos²y)
dy/(cos 2y 3 cos²y) = sen x dx

cos2y sen²y 3 cos²y = sen x dx
3∫csc²y dy = ∫sen x dx
cot y = 3cos x + c
13) (x+1)dy + (y"1)dx = 0 y=3, x=0
∫dy/(y31) + ∫dx/x+1) = ∫0
ln|y31| + ln|x+1| = c
ln(y31)(x+1) = c [e^]
(y31)(x+1) = c
c = (331)(0+1)
c=2
(y31) (x+1) = 2
14) x³dy + xy dx = x²dy + 2y dx y=e , x=2
x³dy 3 x²dy = 3xydx + 2ydx

dy(x³3x²) = ydx (23x) [1/(y x³3x²)]
dy/y = (23x/ x³3x²) dx = (23x / x²(x31))
A/x + B/x² + C/x31 (x²(x31)) = A(x²3x) + B(x31) + Cx²
Ax² + Ax + Bx – B + Cx²
A=31 B=32 C=1
ln y = ∫1/(x31) 3 ∫1/x 3 ∫2/x²
ln y = ln|x31| 3 ln|x| 3 2/x
ln y = ln (x31)/x – 2/x + c
c = ln|(x31)/xy)| 3 2/x [e^]
c = (x31)/xy – e2/x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
EJERCICIOS 2.2
1) 2( 2
−7 2
) − 14 =0
(6 x 2
)
− 7v 2 x 2 dx − 14 x 2 v 2 dx − 14 x 2 v 2 dx − 14 x 3 vdv = 0
6 x 2 dx − 21x 2 v 2 − 14 x 3 vdv = 0
[3x (2 − 7v )dx − 14 x vdv = 0] (2 − 7v1 )(x )

2 2 3
2 3
3x 2 − 14
∫ x 3 dx − ∫ 2 − 7v 2 dv = ∫ 0 ( )
1 − 14v  du 
3∫ dx + ∫  
x (
2 − 7v 2  − 14v  )
u = 2 − 7v 2
du = −14vdv
du
= dv
− 14v
3 ln x + ln 2 − 7v 2 = c
(
ln ( x ) 2 − 7v 2 = c
3
)
3  y2 
ln ( x )  2 − 7 2   = c

 x 
3
− 7 y 2x = c
o ln 2 x → 2x3 = 7 y 2 x + c
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
2) (2√√xy − y)dx − xdy=0

y= vx
dy= vdx + xdv
(2√x²v − vx) dx − x(vdx + xdv)
2x√v dx − vxdx − xvdx − x²dv=0
[2x(√v −v) dx − x²dv=0] 1 ÷ x²(√v − v)
2∫ dx/x − ∫dv/(√v−v) = ∫0
√v(1−√v)
u= 1−√v
du= 31/2v3½ dv
2ln(x) + 2ln(1−√v)=c
ℓ[ln(x²)(1−√v)²=c]
(x²)(1−√v)²=c
√( (x²)(1−√v)²)=√(c)
X(1−√y/x)=c
x − x √(x/y) =c
x + c = √(xy)
3)  y + xctg dx − xdy = 0

y
 x 
y = vx
dy = vdx + xdv
[vx + xctgv]dx − x(vdx + xdv) = 0
[vx + xctgv]dx − xvdx + x 2 dv = 0
[(xctgv)dx + x dv = 0] (x )(1ctgv)
2
2
1 1
∫ x dx + ∫ ctgv dv = 0
ln x + ln sec v = c
 x
... ln x sec  = c
 y
o
 y
xSoc  = c
 x
4) (y+ √x²+y² ) dx" xdy=0

y=vx
dy=vdy+ydv
(vx+ √x²+v²x² )dx3x(vdx+xdv)=0
vxdx+ √x²(1+v²)dx3 vxdx 3 x²dv=0
[x√(1+v²)dx 3 x²dv=0]1÷√(1+v²)(x²)
∫xdx/x² 3 ∫dv/√(1+v²) =∫0
u=x u²=v² a²=1
u=v a=1
du=dx du=dv
∫du/u 3 ∫du/√a²+u² =∫0
ln(x) – ln(v+√(1+v²)) = c
ℓln(x/ v+√(1+v²))=ℓc
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
(x/ v+√(1+v²))=c
[ X=c(y/x+√x²+y²/x)]x
x²=cy + √x²+y²
2 4
+ 4
5) = 3
y = vx
dy = vdx + xdv
(xy )dy = (2 y
3 4
+ x 4 5dx
x(vx ) (vdx + xdv ) = 2(vx ) + x 4 dx
3
( 4
)
x 4 v 4 dx + x 5 v 3 dv = 2v 4 x 4 dx + x 4 dx
[ (
x 5 v 3 du = x 4 v 4 + 1 dx 5 4
1
x v +1
) ] ( )
v3 x4
∫ v 4 + 1 ∫ x 5 dx
dv =
u = v4 +1
du = 4v 3 dv
du
dv =
4v 3
[14 ln(v + 1) = ln x + c]4
4
4
ln v 4 + 1 = ln x + c
v 4+1
=c
x4
4
 y
  +1
 x =c
x4
x4 + y4
=c
x8
x 4 + y = cx 8
6) dy/dx = 2xyℓ(x/y)²
x = vy dx = vdy+ydv
y²dy + y²ℓ(x/y)² dy + 2x²ℓ(x/y)²dy − 2xyℓ(x/y)²=0
y²dy + y²ℓ(v)² dy + 2v²y²ℓ(v)²dy − 2v²y²ℓ(v)²dy − 2vy³ℓ(v)²dv=0
[y²(1+ ℓ(v)²)dy − 2vy³ ℓ(v)²dv=0] 1/(1+ℓv²)(y³)
∫dy/y − ∫2vℓ(v)²/ (1+ℓv²) dv =∫0 u=(1+ℓv²) du=2vℓv²dv
−∫(2vℓ(v)²)(du/2vℓv²)/ (v/1)
Ln(y) − ln(1+ℓv²)=c
ℓ[ln(y/1+ℓv²)=c]
(y/1+ℓv²)=c
Y=c(1+ℓ(x²/y²))
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
2
7) = 2
− 2
x = vy
dx = vdy + ydv
x 2 − y 2 dy = 2 xydy
(vy )2 dy − y 2 dy = 2(vy )y(vdy + ydv )
v 2 y 2 dy − y 2 dy = 2vy 2 (vdy + ydv )
v 2 y 2 dy − y 2 dy = 2v 2 y 2 dy + 2vy 3 dv
[(− 2vy dv) = y (v

3 2 2
) ] y (v1 + 1)
+ 1 dy 3 2
vdv y2
− 2∫
v2 +1 ∫ y3
= dy
− ln v 2 + 1 = ln y + c
(
c = ln v 2 + 1 ( y ) )
c
y
(
= v2 +1 )
 c x2 
y 2  = 2 + 1
y y 
cy = x + y
2 2
8) (x²+y²)dx +(x² − xy)dy=0

x=vy dx=vdy+ydv
x²dx+y²dx +x²dy − xydy=0
v²y²(vdy+ydv)+y²(vdy+ydv) +v²y²dy − vy²dy=0
v³y²dy+v²y³dv+y²vdy+y³dv +v²y²dy − vy²dy=0
[y² (v³ +v+v²−v)dy+y³(v²+1)dv=0]1/( v³+v²)(y³)
∫dy/y + ∫v²+v/ v³+v² dv =∫0
v²+1 / v²(v+1)=A/v + B/v² + C/v+1
v²+1 = A(v²)(v+1) + B (v+1) + C(v²)
2=C 1=B 2=2 A + 2 +2 2−4=2A 32/2=A A=31
3∫1dv/v + ∫1dv/v² + 2∫dv/v+1
Ln(y)−ln(v)−v3¹ + 2ln(v+1)= c
ℓ[ln(y)(v+1)²/v= c +1/v]
y(v+1)²/v=cℓ(1/v)
y(v²+2v+1)/v=cℓ(1/v)
yv +2y +y/v =cℓ(1/v)
x[x+2y+y²/x=cℓ(y/x)
x²+2xy+y²=cℓ(y/x)
(x+y)²= =cℓ(y/x)
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
9) ( 2
+ −2 2
) + (3 2
− − 2
) =0
x 2 ydx + xy 2 dx − 2 y 3 dx + 3 xy 2 dy − x 2 ydy − x 3 dy = 0
y = vx
dy = vdx + xdv
( ) ( )
x 2 (vx )dx + x v 2 x 2 dx − 2v 3 x 3 dx + 3x v 2 x 2 (vdx + xdv ) − x 2 ( xv )(vdx + xdv ) − x 2 (vdx + xdv ) = 0
x vdx + x v dx − 2v x dx + 3 x v (vdx + xdv ) − x 3 v (vdx + xdv ) − x 3 vdx + x 4 dv = 0
3 3 2 3 3 2 2
x 3 vdx + x 3 v 2 dx − 2v 3 x 3 dx + 3x 3 v 3 dx + 3x 4 v 2 − x 3 v 2 dx + x 4 vdx − x 3 vdv + x 4 dv = 0

x 3 v 3 dx + 3 x 4 v 2 dv + x 4 vdv + x 4 dv = 0
[ (
v 3 x 3 dx + x 4 3v 2 + v + 1 dv = 0 3 4
1
v x
) ] ( )
x3
dx +
(
3v 2 + v + 1 dv
=0
)
4
x v3
1 3dv dv dv
∫ xdx + ∫ v + ∫ v 2 + ∫ v 3 = 0
v −2
ln x + 3 ln v − v −1 − =c
2
 1 1 
ln x (v ) − v − 2v 2 = c  − 2v
3 2
− 2v ln xv 3 + 2v + 1 = v 2 c
  y2   y3   y   y  (c ) x 2
2
 − 2 2  ln  2  + 2  + 1 = 
  x   x  
x  x 
 3 
− 2 y 2 ln y 2  + 2 xy + x 2 = y 2 c
 x 
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
10) (x²y+y³)dx −2x³dy=0 : y=3 cuando x=2

y=vx dy=vdx+xdv
x²ydx+y³dx −2x³dy=0
vx³dx+v³x³dx −2x³vdx− 2x dv=0
[x³(v+v³−2v)dx −2x dv=0]1/(v³−v)x
∫dx/x −2∫dv/(v³−v) =∫0 (v³−v)=v(v²−1)=v(v+1)(v−1)
1/v(v+1)(v−1)=A/v +B/v+1 + C/v−1
1= A(v+1)(v−1) + B(v)(v−1) + C(v)(v+1)
1= A(1)(31) A=31 1=C(2) C=1/2 1=B(31)(32) 1=2B B=1/2
∫dx/x−2[3∫dv/v +1/2∫dv/v+1 + 1/2∫dv/v−1]=0
Ln(x)−2[3ln(v) +1/2ln(v+1) +1/2ln(v31)]=c
Ln(x)+2ln(v) −ln(v+1) − ln(v−1)=c
ℓ[ln(xv²/(v²−1) =c
(xv²/(v²−1) =c
xv²=c(v²−1)
x(y²/x²)=c(y²/x²−1)
9/2=c(9/4−4/4)
9/2=c(5/4)
36/10=c
18/5=c
(y²/x)=18/5(y²/x²−1)
X[5y²=18x(y²/x²−1)]
5y²x=18y²−18x²
5y²x=18(y²−x²)
 
11)
 +  − =0
=
= +
+ − ( + )= 0
+ − − 2
=0
[ − 2
=0 ]1 2
1
∫ −∫ = ∫0
ln − =
ln − =
0
ln 1 − 1
=
= −1
ln − = −1 →→→ ln = −1
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
12." y²dx + (x²+xy+y²)dy=0 y=1 cuando x=0
X=vy dx=vdy+ydv
y²dx + x²dy + xydy + y²dy=0
vy²dx + y³dv + v²y²dy + vy²dy + y²dy=0
[y²(v²+2v+1)dy +y³dv=0]1/(v²+2v+1)(y³)
∫dy/y + ∫dv/(v²+2v+1) =∫0 (v²+2v+1)=(v+1)²= (v+1)3²
Ln(y)− (v+1)3¹=c
Ln(1)−1/(0/1 +1)=c c=31
y[x+y/yln(y)−1=c(x+y/y)]
(x+y)ln(y) +x=0
EJERCICIOS 2.3
1) + + + + − =
= +2
= +2
= −2
+3 −2 + 2 −1 =0
+3 + −2 − 6 + 2 −1 =0
+3 + −2 − 6 + 2 − 1 =0
+3 − = 0
+3 −7 =0
2
+3 −7 =0 2
2
+ 6 − 14 =
+2 + 6 x + 2y − 14y = c
+2 + 6x + 12y − 14y = c
+2 + 6x − 2y = c
2) + − + + + =
= +
= +
= −
−3 − + +4 =0
− −3 +3 +2 +4 =0
−3 +7 =0
−3 + 7 = 0
−3 +7 ="
2
− 6 + 14 = "
+ − 6 + + 14 = "
+2 + − 6 − 6 + 14 = "
+2 + +8 ="+6
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
3) − + + − $% − =
& =2 −3
=2 −3
3 =2 −
+2 + 2 −1 2 − =0
+2 +4 −2 −2 + =0
+2+4 −2 + −2 + 1 =0
1
'5 + −2 + 1 = 0)
5
−2 + 1
+* + =0
5
−2 1
+ + = 0
5
2 1
− + ln =
5 5
2 1
. − + ln = /5
5 5
5 − 2 + ln =
5 − 4 + 6 + ln 2 − 3 =
+ 6 + ln 2 − 3 =
4) + − + − =
=2 +
=2 +
−
=
2
−
* +− 2 −1 =0
2
−
. * +− 2 −1 = 0/ 2
2
− − 2 2 −1 =0
− −4 +2 =0
− 5 −2 =0
1
' − 5 −2 = 0) * +
5 −1
− =0
5 −1
− = 0
5 −1
1 2
= +
5 −1 5 5 5 −2
1 2
* + + − = 0
5 5 5 −2
1 2
+ − = 0
5 5 5 −2
1 2
+ ln05 − 20 − = "
5 25
5 + 2 ln05 − 20 − 25 = "
5 2 + + 2 ln05 2 + − 20 − 25 = "
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
10 + 5 + 2 ln010 + 5 − 20 − 25 = "
10 − 20 + 2 ln010 + 5 − 20 = "
5 − 10 + ln010 + 5 − 20 = "
5) − +1 −' − + 2) =
= −2
= −2
=2 +
+5 2 + − 2 +9 =0
2 + + 10 + 5 − 2 −9 =0
+5 + 2 + 10 − 2 − 9 =0
+5 + =0
+5 + = 0
4 +5 + = 05 2
2
+ 10 + 2 = 0
−2 + 10 x − 2y + 2y = 0
6) + + =
=2 +3
=2 +3
−3
=
2
−3
2* ++ =0
2
−3
.2 * ++ = 0/ 2
2
−3 + =0
+ −3 =0
1
' + −3 = 0) * +
−3
+ =0
−3
+ = 0
−3
ln0 − 30 + = "
ln0 − 30 = " −
6 7809:;0 = 6 <:=
− 3 = "6 :=
− 3 6= = "
2 + 3 − 3 6= = "
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
7) + + + − =
= +
= +
= −
− + −2 =0
− + −2 =0
−2 =0
− 2 = 0
−2 = 2
2
−4 =
+ − 4y =
+ = c + 4y
8) − + + =
=3 −
=3 −
=3 −
+4 +3 − =0
+4 +3 − =0
+7 − =0
1
' +7 − = 0) * +
+7
− = 0
+7
− ln0 + 70 = "
− " = ln0 + 70
6 >:? = 6 7809@A0
6>" = + 7
6>" = 3 − + 7
6>" + =3 +7
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
9) + − = 1− −
2 +3 −1 = − −5 + 2 + 3
=2 +3
=2 +3
−3
=
2
−3
−1 * + = − −5 +
2
−3 − +3
. =5 − /2
2
−3 − + 3 − 10 + 2 =0
−1 + −3 + 3 − 10 + 2 =0
1
' −1 − +7 = 0)
+7
+1
− =0
+7
1
+ 7B − 1
− −7
38
8
*−1 − + − = 0
+7
− 8 ln +7 − =
1
'2 + 3 − 8 ln 2 + 3 + 7 − = 0)
2
− − 4 ln 2 + 3 + 7 =
10) + + + + − =
C=
C=2
C
=
D=
D=2
D
=
2
D C
C+D+4 * ++ C+D−3 * +=0
2 2
D C
. C + D + 4 * + + C + D − 3 * + = 0/ 2
2 2
C+D+4 D + C+D−3 C =0
=C+D
= C+ D
D= − C
+4 − C + −3 C =0
− C+4 −4 C+ C−3 C = 0
+4 −7 C =0
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
+4 − 7 C= 0
+ 4 − 7C = "
2
4 + 4 − 7C = "5 2
2
+ 8 − 14C = "
C + D + 8 C + D − 14C = "
C + 2CD + D + 8C = " + 6C
E
+2 + E
+8 = "+6
11) − F − + − + =
'6 2 −3 − 3) + 2 −3 +2 =0
C=2 D=3
C=4 D=6
GH GI
= E = J
D C
. 6 C−D −3 + C−D+2 = 0/ 24
6 4
'6 C − D − 3)4 D + C − D + 2 6 C = 0
'24 C − D − 12) D + C − D + 2 6 C = 0
=C−D
= C− D
C= + D
24 − 12 D + + 2 6 + D =0
24 D − 12 D + 6 + 6 D + 12 + 12 D = 0
24 − 12 + 6 + 12 D + 6 + 12 =0
1
'30 D + 6 + 12 = 0)
30
6 + 12
D+ =0
30
6 12
D+ + = 0
30 30
6 12
D+ + ln =
30 30
6 12
.D + + ln = /5
30 30
5D + + 2 ln =
5 3 + C − D + 2 ln =
15 + 2 − 3 + 2 ln C − D =
1
'12 +2 + 2 ln 2 −3 = )
2
6 + + ln 2 −3 =
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
EJERCICIO 2.5
Encontrar las soluciones de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales.
1) ( 2 +3 2
5 +( 3
− 2
− 5 =0
∂M ∂
= 2 xSony = 2 xSony
∂y ∂x
∫ 2 xCosydx + ∫ 3x ∫ x dy + ∫ x Sonydy − ∫ ydy

2 3 2
ydx
y2
x 2 Cosy + x 3 y + c x 3 y − x 2 Cosy −
2
y2
f ( xy5 : x 2 Cosy + x 3 y − =c
2
2) ( + ) + (x "2 )
∂M ∂
= Cosy = Cosy
∂y ∂x
∫ xdx + ∫ Sonydx ∫ xCosydy − ∫ 2 ydy

x2
+ xSony + f ( y 5 xSony − y 2 + f ( x5
2
x2
f ( xy5 : + xSony − y 2 = c
2
( )
2+
3) =
2 − ( 5
( xy )
∫ 2dx + ∫ yo ∫ 2 ydy − ∫ xo
( xy 5
dx dy
2 x + o ( xy 5 + f ( y 5 − y 2 − o ( xy ) + f ( x5
f ( xy 5 : o ( xy ) + 2 x − y 2 = c
−3 2
4) = 3
+2 4
∂M ∂
= 3x 2 = 3x 2
∂y ∂x
∫ 3xy dx ∫ x dy − ∫ 2 y
3 3 4
dy
2y5
yx 3 + f ( y 5 yx 3 + + f ( x5
5
2 y5
f ( xy 5 : yx 3 + =c
5
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
5) 2 + (1 + 2
5 =0
∂M ∂
= 2x = 2x
∂y ∂x
∫ 2 xydx ∫ dy − ∫ x
2
dy
x 2 y + f ( y5 y + x 2 y + f ( x5
f ( xy 5 : x 2 y + y = c
EJERCICIOS 2.6
15 xdy + ydx = x 4 y 8 dy
4
 1 
 d ( xy ) = x y dy   xy 
4 8
 
d ( xy ) x y 4 8
= dy
( xy ) ( xy )
4 4
∫ ( xy )
−4
d ( xy ) = ∫ y 4 dy
 ( xy )−3 y 5 
+ c  − 15 ( xy )
3
 =
 −3 5 
 
5 + 3 x3 y 8 = C ( xy )
3
25 3 ydx = xy 3 dy − 5 xdy
3 ydx + 5 xdy = xy 3dy   x 2 y 4 
3 7  1 
d ( x y ) = x y   x3 y5 
 3 5

 
d ( x3 y5 )
∫ ( x y ) = ∫ y dy
2
3 5
 y3 
 ( ) 3 + c 3
=
3 5
ln x y
 
3ln ( x3 y 5 ) = y 3 + c
ln ( x 3 y 5 ) = y 3 + c
3
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
35 .xdy − ydx = xy 5 dy
1
 xdy − ydx = xy 5 dy   
 xy 
dy dx
∫ y − ∫ x = ∫ y dy
4
y5
ln y − ln x = +c
5
5
 y y5 
ln x = 5 + c 
 
y
5ln o = y 5 + co
x
y 5
 5
 5 = y + c x
5
x 
5
y 5 = o y cx 5
3 yx 2
→ ( x3 + 2 y 4 ) dy = ( 3 yx 2 ) dx
dy
45 = 3
dx x + 2 y 4
1
 x3 dy + 2 y 4 dy = 3 yx 2 dx  2
x
−2 4
xdy + 2 x y dy = 3 ydx
3 ydx − xdy = 2 x −2 y 4 dy  ( x2 y −2 )
∫d (x y −1 ) = 2∫ y 2 dy
3
 3 −1 2 3 
 x y = 3 y + c  3 y
3x3 = 2 y 4 + cy
3x3 = y ( 2 y 3 + c )
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
55 ( y − xy ) dx + ( x + x y ) dy = 0
2 2 2
ydx − xy 2 dx + xdy + x 2 y 2 dy = 0
ydx + xdy − xy 2 dx + x 2 y 2 dy = 0
1
 d ( xy ) − xy 2 dx + x 2 y 2 dy = 0 
( xy )
2
xy 2 x2 y2
( xy ) d ( xy ) −
−2
dx + dy = 0
( xy )
2
( xy )
−2 dx
∫ ( xy ) d ( xy ) − ∫
x ∫
+ dy = ∫ 0
− ( xy ) d ( xy ) − ln x + y = c
−1
 − ( xy ) d ( xy ) − ln x + y = c  − xy
−1
 
1 + xy ln x − xy 2 = cxy
1 + xy ln x = cxy + xy 2
1 + xy ln x = xy ( c + y )
dy xy 2 − y
65 = → xdy = xy 2 − ydx
dx x
xdy = xy 2 dx − ydx
1
 xdy + ydx = xy 2 dx 
( xy )
2
d ( xy ) ( xy ) dx
2
∫ ( xy ) 2
=∫
( xy )
2
d ( xy ) dx
∫ ( xy ) 2
=∫
x
( xy )−1 = ln x + c  − xy
 
1 = − xy ln x + xyc
1 + xy ln x = cxy
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
75 (x 3
y 2 + x ) dy + ( x 2 y 3 − y ) dx
 xdy − ydx + x3 y 2 dy + x 2 y 3 dx = 0 
1
 xdy − ydx = − x 3 y 2 dy − x 2 y 3 dx 
( xy )
2
 dy dx 
 2 − 2 = − xdy − ydx 
 xy x y 
 dx dy 
 xdy + ydx = 2 − 2  xy
 x y xy 
dx dy
∫ ( xy )d ( xy ) = ∫ x − ∫ y
dx dy
∫ ( xy )d ( xy ) − ∫ x + ∫ y = c
( xy )
2
+ ln y − ln x = c
2
 ( xy )2 y 
 + ln = c 2
 2 x 
2
 y
( xy )
2
+ ln   = c
x
85 4 ydx + xdy = xy 2 dx
 d ( x 4 y ) = x 4 y 2 dx 
1
  4 2
(x y)
d ( x4 y ) dx
∫ =∫
( x y)
2
4 x4
 x −3 
( )
−1
 − x 4
y = − + c  − 3x 4 y
 3 
3 = xy + cx y 4
3 = y ( x + cx 4 )
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
95 (y 2
− y ) dx + xdy = 0
y 2 dx − ydx + xdy = 0
1
 xdy − ydx = − y 2 dx  2
y
 −x 
∫ d   = − ∫ dx
y 
 −x 
 y = −x + c ( − y )
 
x = xy + cy
x = y ( x + c)
105 ydx − xdy = ( x 2 + y 2 ) ( xdx + ydy )

2
 ydx − xdy = ( x 2 + y 2 )2 ( xdx + ydy )  1

  ( x 2 + y 2 )
ydx − xdy
= ( x 2 + y 2 ) ( xdx + ydy )
( x 2
+ y 2
)
 x 1 
∫ d  tan   = ∫ ( x + y ) 2 ( xdx + ydy ) 
−1 2 2
 y 2 
 ( x + y ) + c  4
2 2 2
 tan −1  x  = 1
  y 2 2 
 
x
4 tan −1   = ( x 2 + y 2 ) + c
2
 y
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
115 xdy − ydx = ( x 2 + xy − 2 y 2 ) dx

1
 xdy − ydx = x 2 dx + xydx − 2 y 2 dx  2
x + xy − 2 y 2
1
x2 xdy − ydx
= dx
1 ( x + xy − 2 y 2 )
2
x2
 y
d 
x dn dn
∫ y  y 2 = ∫ dx ⇒ 1 + n − 2n2 = (1 + 2n )(1 + n )
1+ − 2 
x  x
dn A B
∫ (1 + 2n )(1 − n ) = (1 + 2n ) + (1 − n )
2 ( 2 ) dn 1 ( −1) dn
∫ + ∫
( 2 ) 3 1 + 2n ( −1) 3 1 − n
1 1 1  1 + 2n 
ln 1 + 2n − ln 1 − n ⇒ ln  
3 3 3  1− n 
A − An + B + 2 Bn = 1
A+ B =1
2B − A = 0
3B = 1
1 2
B = ,A=
3 3
1 
1 + 2 y
ln 
( )  = x ⇒ 1 ln  x +x2 y  =  1 ln  x + 2 y  = x + c 3
x
3  1− y
 ( )  3  x −x y   3  x − y  
x
 x + 2y 
ln   = 3x + c
 x− y 
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
EJERCICIOS 2.7
dy
15 − 3y = 6
dx
o∫
P ( x 5 dx
P = −3 dx
−3 x
 dy  −3 x o =o
u
 dx − 3 y = 6  o dx u = −3 x; du = −3
 dy  −3 x o ∫ = o − 3 x dx
− 3 dx
 dx − 3 y  ( o ) = 6o
−3 x
∫ d ( yo 5 = ∫ 6 o −3 x
−3 x
6
yo −3 x = − o −3 x
3
yo = −2o −3 x + c
−3 x
yo −3 x + 2o −3 x = c
o −3 x ( y + 25 = c
dy
25 + y = sonx
dx
2 ∫ o x sonxdx = − o xcos x + o x sonx
F.I = e ∫dx = ex
1
∫o ( − o xcos x + o x sonx5 +
x
∫ d ( yo x) = ∫ o x sonxdx sonxdx =
2
yo x = ∫ o x sonxdx C
dv = sonxdx u = ex 1
[ yox = ( − o xcos x + o x sonx5 + C ] 2 /
v = − cos x du = exde 2
ox
uv − ∫ vdu
2y = − cos x + sonx + co $x
− o x cos x − ∫ − cos x ex
− o x cos x + ∫ cos x exde
dv = cos xdx u = ex
v = sonx du = exde
uv − ∫ vdu o x sonx − ∫ sonx exde
∫o x sonxdx = − o xcos e + o x sonx − ∫ sonx ex
∫o x sonxdx + ∫ o x sonxdx = − o xcos e + o x sene
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
35 y1 − 2 xy = x x2
F .I = o∫
−2 xdx −2 2
dy P = −2x = o 2 dx = o− x
− 2 xy = x
dx
(
∫ d yo = ∫ xo
− x2 − x2
)
u = −x 2
du = −2 xdx
1 − x2
o ( −2 ) xdx
2∫
2
yo − x = −
 − x2 1 − x2  2
 yo = − o + c  − x 2
 2 o
c
2 y = −1 + − x 2
o
2
2 y + 1 = co x
45 y´−7 y = son ( 2 x )
F .I = o ∫
−7 dx
dy P = −7 = o −7 x
− 7 y = son 2 x
dx
∫ d ( yo ) = ∫ son2 xo ∫ udv =uv − ∫ vdu

−7 x −7
dx
dv − ∫ son 2 xdx
u = o−7 x u = son 2 x
du = − cos 2 x 1
du = −7o−7 x dx v = − cos 2 x
2
1 7
∫o son 2 x = − cos 2 xo −7 x − ∫ cos 2 xo −7 x dx
−7
2 2
dv = ∫ cos 2 x
u = o−7 x
1
du = 7o−7 x x = som2 x
2
1 7 1 1 
∫ o son2 x = − 2 cos 2 xo − 2  2 son2 xo − ∫ 2 son2 x − 7o dx 
−7 −7 x −7 x −7 x
4 −7 1 7 49
4∫
o son 2 xdx = − cos 2 xo −7 x − son 2 xo−7 x − ∫ son 2 xo−7 x dx
2 4 4
53 −7 1 7
4 ∫
o son 2 x = − cos 2 xo−7 x − son 2 xo −7 x
2 4
 2 7 −7 x 
∫ son2 xo dx =  − 53 cos 2 xo − 53 son 2 xo 
−7 −7 x
 −7 x 2 −7 x 7 −7 x  53
 yo = − 53 cos 2 xo − 53 son 2 xo  o −7 x
c
53 y = −2 cos 2 x − 7 son 2 x + −7 x
o
53 y + 2 cos 2 x + 7 son 2 x = co7 x

8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
 dy 
55 x   − 4 y = x 6 o x
 dx 
  dy  6 x 1 4 ∫ − x dx
4
−4
dx
∫x −4
 x  dx  − 4 y = x o  x P=− F .I . = o dx = o = o −4ln x = o ln x = x −4
    x
dy 4 y
− = x5o x
dx x
 dy 4 y 
 − = x5o x  x −4
 dx x 
∫ d ( yx ) = ∫ xo
−4 xdx
dv = ∫ o x
u=x
du = dx v = ox
yx −4 = xo x − ∫ o x dx
yx −4 = xo x − o x + c
 1 
( yx − xo x = c − o x )  −4 x 
−4
x o 
y x c 1
x
− −4 = −4 x − −4
o x x o x
 y 4
4
 x − x = x − x  (o )
5 cx x
 o o 
y − x 5o x = cx 4 − x 4 o x
y + x 4 o x = cx 4 + x5 o x
y + x 4 o x = x 4 ( c + xo x )
65 ( x 2 + 9 )
dy
+ xy = 0
dx
 2  1
( x + 9 ) dx + xy = 0  x 2 + 9
dy
( )
x 1 2x 1
∫ x2 +9 ∫ x2 +9 ln x 2 + 9
dy xy x F .I . = o dx = o 2 = o2
+ 2 =0 P= 2
dx x + 9 x +9 ln ( x +9)
2
o = x2 + 9
u = x2
du = 2 xdx
∫d (y )
x2 + 9 = ∫ 0
y x2 + 9 = c
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
dy
75 cos x + ysonx = 1 a 2 + b 2
dx
 dy  1
cos x dx + ysonx = 1 cos x
dy sonx 1
+y =
dx cos cos x
 dy 
 dx + y tan x = sec x 
P = tan x
o∫
tan x
= oln sec x = sec xdx
 dy 
 dx + y tan x = sec x  ( sec xdx )
 dy 
 dx + y tan x  ( sec xdx ) = sec xdx
2
∫ d ( y sec x5 = ∫ sec x xdx

2
( y sec x5 = tan x + c
tan x c
y= +
sec x sec x
y = sonx + cos( x5c
8) cos 2 xsonxdy + ( y cos 3 x − 15dx = 0

[ cos 2 xsonxdy + ( y cos 3 x − 15 dx = 0 ] 1/ de
dy
[(cds2 e sene) + (y cds3 x − 15 = 0 ] 1 / (cds2 e sen e)
dx
dy
+ (y cds3 x − 15 / (cds2 e sene) = 0
dx
dy
+ (y cds3 x − 15 / (cds2 e sene) = 1 / (cds2 e sene)
dx
= e∫cds e/sen ede = e∫du / u = eln sen e = sen e
u = sen e
du = cds e
y sen e = ∫ sonx (1 / (cds e sene) de 2
y sen e = ∫ 1 / cds e de 2
y sen e = ∫ (1 / cds e) de 2
y sen e = ∫ sec e de 2
ysonx = − tan x + c
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
dy 1 − o −2 x
+ y = x −x
F .I = o ∫ = o x
95 dx
dx o +o
P =1
 dy 1 − o −2 x  x
 + y = x − x  o dx
 dx o +o 
o x dx − o − x dx
∫ d ( yo ) = ∫
x
o x + o− x
u = o x + o− x
du = o x dx − o − x dx
du
yo x = ∫
u
yo x = ln ( o x + o − x ) + c
dy
105 + y tan x = cos 2 x; y = −1 , cuando x = 0
dx
P = tan x F .I = o ∫
−1
= o − ln ( cos x ) = o ln ( cos x ) = ( cos x ) dx
tan xdx −1
 dy 2 
 + y tan x = cos x  ( cos x ) dx
−1
 dx 
∫ d y(( cos x )
2
)
=
cos 2 x
∫ cos x dx
y ( cos x ) = ∫ cos xdx
−1
 dy 2  −1
 + y tan x = cos x  ( cos x ) dx
 dx 
∫ d y(( cos x )
2
)
=
cos 2 x
∫ cos x dx
y ( cos x ) = ∫ cos xdx
−1
−1
y ( cos x ) = sonx
y = [ sonx + c ] cos x
−1 = [ son0 + c ] cos 0 = c = −1
y = sonx cos x − 1cos x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
dy
115 ( x + 1) + y = ln ( x ) y = 10 cuando x = 1
dx
dv = ∫ dx
v=x
y ( x + 1) = x ln x − x + c
10(25 = 1ln1 − 1 + c
10(25 = 0 − 1 + c = c = 21
y ( x + 1) = x ln( x5 − x + 21
EJERCICIOS 2.8
+ =
=2
= 1:
= 1:2
= :1
:1
=
= −:2
−:2 + :1 = :1 2
1 1
.− 2 + = 2 / − 2
− =−
:2
=− = K: = 2
:2 :2
2 = −2 +
:2 :2
2 = 2 +
:2 :2
:1 2
= 2 +
− = :
− 2 = 63 2 :2
2
= −2 = K :2 = :
2
=:
2
=
2
=2 +
2 2
2 + − 2 = 63 3
2 2 2 2 2 :22
63 2 =
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
6 2
= 3
+
3 :2
6 = +
3 −2
= +4
:2 3
= :2 2 + 43
2
− =; = =
M122 2 − N =
=1 =K =
=
=:
= −: + :
122 2 :2 − : = −: + :
122 =
1
O122 = P 2
12 = −:1 +
12 = −:1 : +
120 = −1:1 :0 +
= 13
12 = −:1 : + 13
EJERCICIO 3.1
1) (D² + 9D + 18)y = 0 m= "6 m = "3
m² + 9m + 18 = 0 y= C1 o −6 x + C2 o −3 x
(m + 6)(m+3) = 0
2) (D² " 3D – 10)y = 0 m= 5 m= "2
m² 3 3m – 10 = 0 y= C1 o
5x
+ C2 o −2 x
(m – 5)(m + 2)
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
3) (D² + 4D – 21)y = 0 m=
m "7 m= 3
−7 x
m² + 4m – 21 = 0 y= C1 o + C2 o3x
(m +7)(m – 3)
4)
5)
6)

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
7. (D³ " D² " D +1)y = 0

m³ " m² " m " 1 = 0
1| +1 31 31 +1
+1 0 31
1 0 31 0
m=1
m² 3 1 = 0 y = c1ex + c2x0ex + c3xe3x
m² = 1 m = ±1
m1 = 1 m2 = 1 m3 = 31 y = (c1 + c2x)ex + c3e3x
8)
( D 6 − 8 D 4 + 16 D 2 5 y = 0
D 2 ( D 4 − 8 D 2 + 165 y = 0
m 2 (m 4 − 8m 2 + 165 = 0
m1 = 0
m2 = 0
( m 2 − 45 2 = 0
m2 − 4 = 0
m2 = 4
m2 = 4
m= +−2
m3 = 2
m 4 = −2
m5 = 2
m 6 = −2
y = C1 + C 2 x + C 3 o 2 x + C 4 o 2 x + C5 o − 2 x + C 6 o − 2 x
y = C1 + C 2 x + (C 3 + C 4 5o 2 x + (C 5 + C 6 5o − 2 x
9)

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
10)
(D 2
)
3
− 6D + 9 y = 0
[(D − 3 ) ] y = 0
2 3
[(m − 3 ) ] = 0
2 3
m−3= 0
m =3
[
y = C1 + C 2 x + C 3 x 2 + C 4 x 3 + C 5 X ]
12 5( D 2 + 2 D + 10 5( D 2 − 2 D + 25 y = 0
( m 2 + 2 m + 10 5( m 2 − 2 m + 25 = 0
a =1 a =1
b=2 b = −2
c = 10 c=2
− b ± b 2 − 4 ac
2a
− 2 ± 2 2 − 4(15(10 5 − ( −25 ± ( −25 2 − 4(15( 25
2(15 2(15
− 2 ± 6i 2 ± 2i
2 2
− 1 ± 3i 1± i
y = (c1 son 3 x + c2 cos 3 x 5o − x + (c3 sonx + c4 cos x 5o x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
13. − ( D 4 + 8 D 2 + 165Y = 0
m 4 + 8m 2 + 16 = 0
( m 2 + 45 2 = 0
m 2 = −4
m2 = − 4
m = ±2i
a + bi
a=0
b=2
y = (c1 + c2 x5 cos 2 x + (c3 + c4 x5 son 2 x
14." (D⁶+6D⁴+9D²)y=0
m⁶+6m⁴+9m²=0
m²(m⁴+6m²+9)=0
(m²+3)(m²+3)
√m²=√33 √m²=√33
(m₃=√3ί) (m₄=√3ί) (m₅=√3ί) (m₆=√3ί)
y=C₁+C₂x+(C₃+C₄x)Sen√3x +(C₅+C₆x)Cos√3x
15." ( D 2 + 16 5 2 y = 0
( m 2 + 16 5 2 = 0
m = − 16
m = ±4i y = (C1 + C 2 5 son 4 x + (C 3 + C 4 5 cos 4 x
165( D 2 − 4 D + 55 2 y = 0
(m 2 − 4m + 55 2 = 0
m 2 − 4m + 5 = 0
− (−45 + − (−45 2 − 4(15(55

2
4 + − 16 − 20
2
4 + −2i
2
2−i
2+i
a=2 8 de julio de 2008

b =1
lOMoARcPSD|3867009
17. (D⁴⁴ " 8D³ + 32D² " 64D + 64)y = 0
m⁴ 3 8m³ + 32m² 3 64m + 64 = 0

√(m² 3 4m + 8)² =√ 0
m² 3 4m + 8 = 0
a=1 b=34 c=8
4±√(34² 3 4(8)) /2
4±√(316) /2 = 2±√(316) = 32×2±√4
34±2 = ±2
y = [(c1 + c2x)cos 2x + (c3 + c4x)sen2x
n2x] e2x
18)
( D 5 − D 4 − 2 D 3 + 2 D 2 + D − 15 y = 0
1 _/ 1 − 1 − 2 + 2 + 1 − 1
+ + + +1 + 0 − 2 + 0 + 1
* *1 + 0 − 2 + 0 + 1*!0!
m1 = 1
m 4 − 2m 2 + 1 = 0
(m 2 − 15(m 2 − 15 = 0
m 2 = 1 ____ m 2 = 1
m 2 = 1 ___ m 2 = 1
m2 = +1 ____ m 4 = +1
m3 = −1 ____ m5 = −1
y = (C1 + C 2 x + C 3 x 2 5o x + (C 4 + C 5 x 5o − x
19)

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
20)
D 3 − 6 D 2 + 2 D + 36 y = 0
P ±1± 2
=
q +
−
− 2 ....1 − 6 + 2 + 36
........... − 2 + 16 − 36
..........1 − 8 + 18 + 0
m 1 = −2
(m 2
− 8m + 18 )
− b ± b 2 − 4ac − (− 8) ± (− 8) 2 − 4(1)(18) 8 + 64 − 72 4± −8
= = = = 4 ± 2 • −4i
2a 2(1) 2
a + bi = 4 + 2i
(
y = C 1 o − 2 x + C 2 cos 2 x + C 3 son 2 x o 4 x )
dy
225 − 7y = 0
dx
D − 7y = 0
( D − 75 y = 0
m=7
y = c1o 7 x
d3y d2y dy
23. − 3
+ 7 2
+ 12 =0
dx dx dx
( D 3 + 7 D 2 + 12 D 5 y = 0
m 3 + 7 m 2 + 12m = 0
m( m 2 + 7 m + 125 = 0
m( m + 45(m + 35 = 0
m1 = 0
m2 = − 4
m3 = −3
y = c1 + c2 o − 4 x + c3o −3 x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
24."3(dy/dx)+11y=0
3dy`+11y=0
y(3m+11)=0
3m=311
m=311/3
y=C₁ℓ(311/3)
EJERCICIOS 3.2
d 2 y dy
1) + −6y = 0
dx 2 dx
D2 + D − 6 y = 0
m2 + m − 6 = 0
( m − 25( m + 35 = 0
m=2
y = C1 o − 3 x + C 2 o 2 x
m = −3
2)
( D 2 + 2 D + 15 y = 0 → y = 1, Dy = −1, cuando : x = 0
( D + 15 2 y = 0
(m + 15 2 = 0
m = −1
y = (c1 + c2 x 5o − x
Dy = −(c1 + c2 x 5o − x + o − x c2
1 = (c1 + c2 (055o − x
1 = c1
− 1 = −(c1 + c2 (055o 0 + o 0 c2
− 1 = −c1 + c2
− 1 = −1 + c 2
c2 = 0
y = (1 + 05o x
y = ox
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
3) D²(D"1)y = 0 y = 2, Dy = 3, D² = 2 ; x = 0
m² (m31) = 0
m1 = 0 m2 = 1
y = c1e0x + c2ex
y = c1 + c2ex
Dy = c1 + c2e y = x + 2ex
28)
( D 3 − 4 D 2 + 4 D 5 y = 0 ___ y = 1
m(m 2 − 4m + 45 = 0 ______ Dy = 2
______________________ D 2 y = 8
( m − 25 2 = 0
(m − 25(m − 25 = 0
m1 = 0
m2 = 2
m3 = 2
y = C1 + o 2 x (C 2 + C 3 x 5
Dy = o 2 x * C 3 + 2(C 2 + C 3 x5o 2 x
D 2 y = 2C 3 o 2 x + 4(C 2 + C 3 x5o 2 x + o 2 x * 2C 3
1 = C1 + C 2 _______________ C 3 = 2 − 2C 2
2 = C 3 + 2C 2 ________ 8 = 4(2 − 2C 2 5 + 4C 2
8 = 2C 3 + 4C 2 + 2C 3 __ 8 = 8 − 8C 2 + 4C 2
8 = 4C 3 + 4C 2 _______ 0 = −4C 2
2 = C3 + 0
C3 = 2
1 = C1 + 0
C1 = 1
y = 1 + 2 xo 2 x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
4)

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
5)
(D 2
)
+1 y = 0
m +1 = 0
m 2 = −1
m = −1
m = ±1i1
a + bi
0 +1
y = o ax [C1 sonbx + C 2 cos bx ]
y = o 0 x [C1 sonbx + C 2 cos bx]
y = C1 sonx + C 2 cos x → solucion..gonoral
dy = C1 cos x − C 2 sonx
− 1 = C1 cos(π 5 − C 2 son(π 5
− 1 = C1 (−15 − 0
C1 = 1
1 =C 1 son(π 5 + C 2 cos(π 5
1 = C1 (05 + C 2 (−15
− 1 = C2
y = (15 sonx + (−15 cos x

y = sonx − cos x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
6)
( D + 95 y = 0 _________________ y = 2 __ Dy = 0
____________________________ cuando > x = π / 6
m2 + 9 = 0
m 2 = −9
m1 = 3i
m2 = −3i
a + bi
Q + 3i
y = o 0 x (C1 Son3 x + C 2 Cos3 x5 − − > solucion _ gral.
y = C1 Son3x + C 2 Cos3 x
dy = 3C1Cos3 x − 3Son3xC 2
2 = C1 Son3(π / 65 + C 2 Cos3(π / 65
2 = C1 + 0
C1 = 2
Dy = 3C1Cos3 x − 3Son3 x − C 2
0 = 3C1Cos90 − 3Son90C 2
0 = −3C 2
0 / 3 = C2
y = 2 Son3 x + 0Cos3 x
y = 2 Son3 x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
7)
(D2 + 2D + 25y = 0 ______y = 0 __Dy= 0 __cuando> x = 0

m2 + 2m + 2 = 0
− 2 + − 4 −8 2
m1 = −2 + (45(−15
m1 = −1+1i
m2 = −2 − − 4 2
(−25 − ( 45( −15 − 2 − 2i
m2 = = = −1− i
2 2
y = o−x (C1Sonx+ C2Cosx 9
Dy= o−x (C1Cosx− C2 Sonx5 + (C1Sonx+ C2Cosx5o−x (−15
0 = −C2
C2 = 0
1= C1 − 0 − 0 − C2
C1 =1
y = o−x (sonx5
EJERCICIOS 3.3
15( D 2 − D − 25 y = o 3 x
( D − 25( D + 15 y = 0
(m − 25(m + 15 = 0
YC = c1o 2 x + c 2 o − x
Yp = Ao 3 x
Yp = ( D 2 − D − 25( Ao 3 x 5 = o 3 x
D ( Ao 3 x 5 = 3 Ao 3 x
D 2 ( Ao 3 x 5 = 9 Ao 3 x
D 2 ( Ao 3 x 5 − D ( Ao 3 x 5 − 2( Ao 3 x 5 = o 3 x
9 Ao 3 x − 3 Ao 3 x − 2 Ao 3 x = o 3 x
4 Ao 3 x = o 3 x
1
A=
4
YG = YC + Y p
YG = c1o 2 x + c 2 o − x + 1 4 o 3 x
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
25( D 2 − D − 25 y = son(2 x 5
( m 2 − m − 25
(m − 25(m + 15 = 0
YC = c1o 2 x + c 2 o − x
YP = Ason2 x + Bson2 x
YP = ( D 2 − D − 25( Ason2 x + B cos 2 x5 = son 2 x
D ( Ason2 x + B cos 2 x5 = 2 A cos 2 x − 2 Bson2 x
D 2 ( Ason2 x + B cos 2 x5 = −4 Ason2 x − 4 B cos 2 x
− 4 Ason2 x − 4 B cos 2 x − 2 A cos 2 x + 2 Bson2 x − 2 Ason2 x − 2 B cos 2 x = son 2 x
− 6 Ason2 x − 6 B cos 2 x − 2 A cos 2 x + 2 Bson2 x = son2 x
− 6 A + 2B = 1
− 2 A − 6 B = 0(−35 1
− 6 A + 2( 5 =1
20 B = 1 20
1 3
B= A=−
20 20
3 1
YG = c1o 2 x + c 2 o − x − son 2 x + cos 2 x
20 20
3) Y − $Y + Y − $ Z = [\:
]; − 6] + 11] − 6 = 0
]−3 ]−2 ]−1 =0
]^ = 3 ] = 2 ]; = 1
? = ^6 + 6 > + ; 6 ;>
>
_ = ` 6 :; + a6 :>
b − 6b + 11b − 6 ` 6 :> + a6 :> = 2 6 :>
;
_ = `6 − ` 6 :> − a6 :>
c :>
_ = −`6 + ` 6 :> − `6 :> + a6 :>

cc :>
_ = `6 + `6 :> − ` 6 :> + `6 :> − a6 :>

ccc :>
`6 + `6 − ` 6 :> + `6 :> − a6 :> + 6`6 :> − 6` 6 :> + 6`6 :> − 6a6 :> + 11`6 :> − 11` 6 :> − 11a6 :>
:> :>
− 6` 6 :> − 6a6 :> = 2 6 :>
26`6 :> − 24` 6 :> − 24a6 :> = 2 6 :>

−24` = 2
1
`=−
12
26` − 24a = 0
26
− − 24a = 0
12
13
a=
6 −24
13
a=−
144
1 13 :>
d = ^6
>
+ 6 >
+ ;6
;>
− 6 :> − 6
12 144
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
4) =2 + −
] = 0 ∶ ]^ = 0: ] = 0
= ^ +
g= ` +a +h
g=` E+a ;+h
b ` E+a ;+h =9 +2 −1
b = 4` E + 3a + 2h = 9 + 2 − 1
b = 12` + 6a + h = 9 + 2 − 1
12` + 6a + h = 9 + 2 − 1
12 A=9 6B=2 2E=31
A=9/12 B=2/6 E=31/2
A=3/4 B=1/3
3 E 1 ; 1
ig = + −
4 3 2
3 E 1 ; 1
ij = "^ + " + + −
4 3 2
6) k − 1 = − lmn + + opq
]−5=0
]=5
? = ^6
r>
= ` − a s6t _+ h + u cos
= ` s6t − as6t
_ + h xs + u xs
b − 5 ` s6t − as6t + h xs + u xs
b = ` xs + `s6t − a xs − h s6t + h xs − us6t
` xs + `s6t − a xs − h s6t + h xs − us6t − 5` s6t + 5as6t − 5h xs − 5u xs
= s6t − s6t + xs + xs
−h − 5` s6t = s6t
` − u + 5a s6t = −s6t
` − 5h xs = xs
−a + h − 5u xs = xs
−h − 5` = 1 −5
−5h+`=1
0h+26`=−4
−2
`=
13
−5h + ` = 1
:
−5h + y z = 1
^;
:;
h= ^;
` − u + 5a = −1
h − 5u − { = 1
2
− − u + 5a = −1
13
3
− − 5u − a = 1
13
11
−u + 5a = −
13
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
16
−5u − a =
13
11
.−u + 5a = − / −5
13
16
−5u − a =
13
71
0 − 26 a =
13
71
a=−
338
u = ` + 5a + 1
2 71
u = *− + + 5 *− ++1
13 338
69
u=−
338
_ = ` − a s6t + h + u cos
2 71 3 69
i_ = .− + / s6t − . + / xs
13 338 13 338
7) Y − 1 Z = \ [ − [ +
]−5=0
]=0
? = ^6
r>
_= `6 > − a + h
c
_= `6 > − a
`6 − a − 5`6 > + 5a − 5h = 36 > − 2 + 1
>
−4` = 3 |=−
5a = −2 }=−
1
3
2 5
1−
−5h + a = 1 h = 3 = −5 ~ −
−5 1 1
2 3 3
d = ^6 + − − 6
r> >
5 25 4
8) k − 1 = m − m1
]=5
i = "^ 6 r>
ig = 6 > − 6 r>
ig = ` 6 > + a 6 > + h6 > + u 6 r> + •6 r>
ig = ` 6 > + a 6 > + h6 > + u 6 r> + • 6 r>
b ` 6 > + a 6 > + h6 > + u 6 r> + • 6 r> = 6 > − 6 r>
b ` 6 > + 2` 6 > + a 6 > + a6 > + h6 > + 5u 6 r> + 2u 6 r> + 5• 6 r> + •6 r> = 6 > − 6 r>
` 6 > + 2` 6 > + a 6 > + a6 > + h6 > + 5u 6 r> + 2u 6 r> + 5• 6 r> + •6 r> − 5` 6 > − 5a 6 > − 5h6 >
− 5u 6 r> − 5• 6 r> = 6 > − 6 r>
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
95
(D − 1) y = son( x5 + cos(2 x5 \
(D − 1) y = 0
(D − 1) = 0
m −1 = 0
m =1
Yc = C1o x
Yp = Asonx + B cos x + E cos 2 x + Fson2 x
(D − 1)( Asonx + B cos x + E cos 2 x + Fson2 x ) = son( x5 + cos(2 x5
D( Asonx + B cos x + E cos 2 x + Fson2 x ) =
D( Asonx + B cos x + E cos 2 x + Fson2 x ) − 1( Asonx + B cos x + E cos 2 x + Fson2 x ) = son( x5 + cos( 2 x5
A cos x − Bsonx − 2 Eson 2 x + 2 F cos 2 x − Asonx − B cos x − E cos 2 x − Fson 2 x = son( x 5+ cos( 2 x 5
− Bsonx − Asonx = son( x 5................................................ − B − A = 1................ A = B

A cos x − B cos x = 0......................................................... A − B = 0
2 F cos 2 x − E cos 2 x = cos( 2 x 5......................................2 F − E = 1
− 2 Eson2 x − Fson 2 x = 0............................................... − 2 E − F = 0
− B − B = 1.................................. − B − A = 1....................2 F − 1 = E
1
− 2 B = 1....................................... − 1 = A........................ − 2 E − F = 0
2
1 1 2
B = − ........................................ A = − ......................... − 2(2 F − 15 − F = 0.. → −5 F = −2..... → F =
2 2 5
− 2E − F = 0
2 2 1
− 2 E = ..... → ...E = − .... → ....E = −
5 10 5
1 1 1 2
Yg = − sonx − cos x − cos 2 x + son2 x
2 2 5 5
8 de julio de 2008

lOMoARcPSD|3867009
11) Y − Y + 1Y Z = + 1 opq [
]; − 2] + 5] = 0
] ] − 2] + 5 = 0
€ = 1 { = −2 =5
+2 ± ‚−2 − 4 5 2 ± B−16 2 ± 4ƒ
= = = ±2ƒ
2 2 2
? = ' ^ s6t2 + xs2 ) + ;
„ _ = ` + `s6t2 + a xs2 …
_ = ` + `s6t2 + 2` xs2 + a xs2 − 2a s6t2
c
_ = 2` xs2 + 2` xs2 − 4` s6t2 − 2as6t2 − 2as6t2 − 4a xs2

cc
_ = −2s6t2 − 2s6t2 − 4`s6t2 + 4` xs2 − 4a xs2 − 4a xs2 + 4a xs2 − 8a s6t2

ccc
b; − 2b + 5b ` + ` s6t2 + a xs2 = 10 + 15 xs2

−2s6t2 − 2s6t2 − 4`s6t2 + 4` xs2 − 4a xs2 − 4a xs2 + 4a xs2 − 8a ss6t2 − 4` xs2
− 4` xs2 + 8` s6t2 + 4as6t2 + 4as6t2 + 8a xs2 + 5` + 5`s6t2 + 10` xs2
+ 5a xs2 − 10a s6t2 = 10 + 15 xs2
−4s6t2 + `s6t2 + 14` xs2 + a xs2 − 18a s6t2 − 8` xs2 + 8` s6t2 + 8as6t2 + 8a xs2
+ 5` = 10 + 15 xs2
5` = 10 |=
14` + a − 8` + 8a = 15 6` + 9a = 15 12 + 9a = 15 } =
1
d = ^ s6t2 + xs2 + ; + 2 + 2 s6t2 + xs2
3
8 de julio de 2008

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Matemáticas (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León)

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EJERCICIOS 1.1 ORDEN GRADO LINEALIDAD

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y 2 (c1Cos − c 2 Sonx5 + y 2 (c1 Sonx − c 2 Cosx 5 − y 2 (c1Cos + c 2 Sonx 5 = y 2 ln y

y 2 (c1 Sonx − c 2 Cosx 5 = y 2 (c1 Sonx − c 2 Cosx 5 Si os solucion

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5) y = C1(o 3 x ) + C2( o −5x ) 5y = 5C1( o 3 x ) + 5C2( o −5x )

5y' = 15C1( o 3 x ) – 25C2( o −5x ) 315y 3 3y' = 3 24C1( o 3x )

y" + 2y' – 15y = 0

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x [yy'' + (y')²] = yy'

sen‫ ־‬¹ (y/x) = x + c

10) ( x – C1)² + y² = C2²

11) Todas las líneas rectas (hay dos ctes. X y C )

12) Todas las circunferencias de radio = 1 y centro en el eje x

(x – h)² + (y – k)² = r² r=1 h k

√(x – h)² = √(13 y²) [√(13 y²)]² = (3yy')²

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3cos2x + e²y = x²+c

dy(1+x) = dx(y31) [1/(1+x)(y31)]

5) x sen y dx + (x²+1) cos y dy = 0 [1/(seny)(x²+1)]

∫(x dx/x²+1) + ∫(cos y dy)/seny = ∫0

7) dy/dx = (x+1)/(y +1) = ∫(y +1) dy = ∫(x+1) dy

y5/5 + y = x²/2 + x + c [10]

9) x sen xe"y dx – y dy =0 [1/ey]

10) dy/dx = e3x + e2y

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dy/ e2y = e3x dx

11) dy/dx = (xy+3x"y"3)/(yx"2x+4y"8)

12) dy/dx = sen x (cos 2y " cos²y)

dy/(cos 2y 3 cos²y) = sen x dx

13) (x+1)dy + (y"1)dx = 0 y=3, x=0

14) x³dy + xy dx = x²dy + 2y dx y=e , x=2

x³dy 3 x²dy = 3xydx + 2ydx

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[3x (2 − 7v )dx − 14 x vdv = 0] (2 − 7v1 )(x )

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2) (2√√xy − y)dx − xdy=0

3)  y + xctg dx − xdy = 0

4) (y+ √x²+y² ) dx" xdy=0

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[(− 2vy dv) = y (v

8) (x²+y²)dx +(x² − xy)dy=0

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x 3 vdx + x 3 v 2 dx − 2v 3 x 3 dx + 3x 3 v 3 dx + 3x 4 v 2 − x 3 v 2 dx + x 4 vdx − x 3 vdv + x 4 dv = 0

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10) (x²y+y³)dx −2x³dy=0 : y=3 cuando x=2

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12." y²dx + (x²+xy+y²)dy=0 y=1 cuando x=0

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Encontrar las soluciones de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales.

∫ 2 xCosydx + ∫ 3x ∫ x dy + ∫ x Sonydy − ∫ ydy

∫ xdx + ∫ Sonydx ∫ xCosydy − ∫ 2 ydy

(D2 + 2D + 25y = 0 __y = 0 Dy= 0 cuando> x = 0