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d3y dy 3 1 SI
1. _ = 3x + 5 y
dx 3 dx
d2y dy
4
dy
3
2 1 NO
2) 2
+ 13 + x 2 =
dx dx dx
dy d3y
3
d 3y
5
3 5 NO
3) + 18 3 = 8 x + 3
dx dx dx
3 2 SI
d3y dy
4) 3 − 5 x = 8
dx dx
2 1 SI
d 2 y
5) 2 = x−2
dx
3 6 NO
3
d 2 y d3y
6) 2 + 3 x = 5 3
dx dx 2 6 NO
1
d 2y dy 4
7) 2 + 7 x = 81 +
dx dx 3 1 SI
d3y dy
8) 3 =
dx dx 5 2 NO
5
1
d 5y 3 d 2 y 2 2
9) 5 = 81 + 2 2 3 NO
dx dx
3 5
d 2 y dy
10 ) 2 = 5 −
dx dx
8 de julio de 2008
2 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
EJERCICO 1.2
Determinar si la solución general es o no de la ecuación general dada.
−1
1) y = c + cx
2
y + xy ′ = x 4 ( y ′) 2
dy
= 0 − cx − 2
dx
c 2 − cx −1 + x(cx − 2 ) = x 4 (cx − 2 )
c 2 − cx −1 + cx −1 = x 4 (c 2 x − 4 )
c2 = c2 Si es solucion
dy
2) e
Cosx
(1 − Cosy ) = 0 Seny + SenxCosy = Senx
dx
dy
dx
( )
= e Cosx Seny + (1 − Cosy )e Cosx (− Senx )
dy
dx
( )
= e Cosx Seny y ′ − (1 − Cosy )e Cosx (Senx )
y′ = −
(1 − Cosy )e Cosx (Senx )
(
e Cosx Seny )
(1 − Cosy )e (Senx ) Cosx
Seny − + SenxCosy = Senx
(
e Cosx Seny )
Senx = Senx Si es solucion
d2y
3) y = 8x5 + 3x2 + c 2 − 6 = 160 x 3
dx
dy
= 40 x 4 + 6 x
dx
d2y
2
= 160 x 3 + 6
dx
160 x 3 + 6 − 6 = 160 x 3
160 x 3 = 160 x 3 Si es solucion
d2y
4) y = c1 Sen3 x + c 2 Cos 3 x 2 + 9 y = 0
dx
dy
= 3c1Cos 3 x − 3c 2 Sen3 x
dx
d2y
= −9c1Cos 3 x − 9c 2 Sen3 x
dx 2
− 9c1Cos 3 x − 9c 2 Sen3x + 9(c1Cos3 x + c 2 Sen3 x) = 0
0 = 0 Si es solucion
8 de julio de 2008
3 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
dy
5) y = ( x + c )e − x + y = e−x
dx
dy
= −e − x ( x + c ) + e − x
dx
− e − x ( x + c ) + e − x + −e − x ( x + c ) = e − x
e−x = e−x Si es solucion
dy
6) y = ce 5 x − 5y = 0
dx
dy
= 5ce 5 x
dx
5ce 5 x − 5ce 5 x = 0
0 = 0 Si es solucion
2
d 2 y dy
7) ln y = c1 Senx + c 2 Cosx y 2 − = y 2 ln y
dx dx
dy
= y (c1Cos − c 2 Senx)
dx
d2y
= y ( −c1 Senx − c 2 Cosx ) + (c1Cosx − c 2 Senx) dy
dx 2
y[ y (c1Cos − c 2 Senx ) − (c1Cosx − c 2 Senx) dy ] − [ y (c1Cos − c 2 Senx) ] = y 2 ln y
2
EJERCICIOS 1.3
1) y = 7x² + 8x + C
y = 14 x + 8
2) y = C1x² + C2
y' = C1(2x) 2C1 = y'
y"= 2C1 x
x( y”) = y'
8 de julio de 2008
4 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
3) y = C1 sen 8x + C2 cos8x
y' = 8C1 cos 8x – 8C2 sen 8x
y" = -64 C1 sen 8x – 64C2 cos 8x
y"= -64y
y" + 64y = 0
4) y = tan (3x + c)
Tan ־¹ (y) = 3x + c
y' _
1 + y² = 3
y' = 3 (1 + y² )
6) y = x tan (x + c)
Tan ־¹ (y/x) = x + c
xy' – y y²
xy' – y x² = 1 + x²
x² __ = 1
1 + y²_ xy'- y = x² + y²
x²
xy' = x² + y² + y
7) y = C1 senh(x) + C2 cosh(x)
y' = C1 cosh(x) + C2 senh(x)
y" = C1 senh(x) + C2 cosh(x)
y"= y
8 de julio de 2008
5 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
8) x²_ y²_
C1² = 1 - C2² xC2² = -yy'(C1²)
C2² = -C1²yy" - C1²(y')²
2C1²x_ - 2 C2²yy' C2² = C1²( -yy'' - (y')² )
4 4
C1 = C2 -yy'
x = -yy'' - (y')²
xC2²_
C1² = -yy'
9) y = x sen(x + c)
y_
x = sen (x + c)
4
x²(y')² - 2xy'y + y² + x²y² = x
1 + yy" + (y')² = 0
Ax + By + C = 0
0 + By' = 0 y" = 0_ y” = 0
By"= 0 B
y²[(y')² + 1] = 1
8 de julio de 2008
6 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
EJERCICIOS 2.1
1) 5x dx + 20y19dy=0
(5x5)/5 + (20y20)/20 = c
x5+y20=c
2) 2sen2x dx + 3e3ydy = 2x dx
3) dr/ds = r
∫dr/r = ∫ds
ln r = s + c
eln r = es + ec
r = ces
4) dx + dy + xdy = ydx
∫x sen x dx -∫yey dy = 0
-x cos x + sen x – yey + ey = c
8) xy dx + (y²+2) e-3x dy = 0
e3x dx + (y²+2)/y dy = 0
∫e3x x dx + ∫dy/y² + ∫2dy/y = ∫0
(1/3 e3x x) + (1/9 e3x ) – (y-1 )– (2/3 y-3 )= c [9y³]
y³( 3e3x + e3x ) – 9y² - 6 = 9cy³
e3x y³(3+1) - 9y² - 6 = cy³
8 de julio de 2008
7 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
=((y+3)(x-1))/((y-2(x+4))
dy (y-2)/y+3) = dx ((x+1)/(x+4)
∫( 1 - 5/(y+3) dy = ∫(1 - 5/(x+4) dx
y – 5 ln|y+3| = x – 5 ln|x+4| + c
e - (y+3)5 = ex – (x+4)5 + c
∫dy/(y-1) + ∫dx/x+1) = ∫0
ln|y-1| + ln|x+1| = c
ln(y-1)(x+1) = c [e^]
(y-1)(x+1) = c
c = (3-1)(0+1)
c=2
(y-1) (x+1) = 2
8 de julio de 2008
8 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
EJERCICIOS 2.2
(
1) 6 x − 7 y
2 2
)dx − 14 xydy = 0
(6 x 2
)
− 7v 2 x 2 dx − 14 x 2 v 2 dx − 14 x 2 v 2 dx − 14 x 3 vdv = 0
6 x 2 dx − 21x 2 v 2 − 14 x 3 vdv = 0
3x 2 − 14
∫ x 3 dx − ∫ 2 − 7v 2 dv = ∫ 0 ( )
1 − 14v du
3∫ dx + ∫
x (
2 − 7v 2 − 14v )
u = 2 − 7v 2
du = −14vdv
du
= dv
− 14v
3 ln x + ln 2 − 7v 2 = c
(
ln ( x ) 2 − 7v 2 = c
3
)
3 y2
ln ( x ) 2 − 7 2 = c
x
3
− 7 y 2x = c
e ln 2 x → 2x3 = 7 y 2 x + c
8 de julio de 2008
9 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
y = vx
dy = vdx + xdv
[vx + xctgv]dx − x(vdx + xdv) = 0
[vx + xctgv]dx − xvdx + x 2 dv = 0
[(xctgv)dx + x dv = 0] (x )(1ctgv)
2
2
1 1
∫ x dx + ∫ ctgv dv = 0
ln x + ln sec v = c
x
... ln x sec = c
y
e
y
xSec = c
x
8 de julio de 2008
10 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
(x/ v+√(1+v²))=c
[ X=c(y/x+√x²+y²/x)]x
x²=cy + √x²+y²
dy 2 y 4 + x 4
5) =
dx xy 3
y = vx
dy = vdx + xdv
(xy )dy = (2 y
3 4
+ x 4 )dx
(
x(vx ) (vdx + xdv ) = 2(vx ) + x 4 dx
3 4
)
x 4 v 4 dx + x 5 v 3 dv = 2v 4 x 4 dx + x 4 dx
[ ( ) ] (
x 5 v 3 du = x 4 v 4 + 1 dx 5 4
1
x v +1 )
v3 x4
∫ v 4 + 1 ∫ x 5 dx
dv =
u = v4 +1
du = 4v 3 dv
du
dv =
4v 3
[14 ln(v + 1) = ln x + c]4
4
4
ln v 4 + 1 = ln x + c
v 4+1
=c
x4
4
y
+1
x =c
x4
x4 + y4
=c
x8
x 4 + y = cx 8
6) dy/dx = 2xyℓ(x/y)²
x = vy dx = vdy+ydv
y²dy + y²ℓ(x/y)² dy + 2x²ℓ(x/y)²dy − 2xyℓ(x/y)²=0
y²dy + y²ℓ(v)² dy + 2v²y²ℓ(v)²dy − 2v²y²ℓ(v)²dy − 2vy³ℓ(v)²dv=0
[y²(1+ ℓ(v)²)dy − 2vy³ ℓ(v)²dv=0] 1/(1+ℓv²)(y³)
∫dy/y − ∫2vℓ(v)²/ (1+ℓv²) dv =∫0 u=(1+ℓv²) du=2vℓv²dv
−∫(2vℓ(v)²)(du/2vℓv²)/ (v/1)
Ln(y) − ln(1+ℓv²)=c
ℓ[ln(y/1+ℓv²)=c]
(y/1+ℓv²)=c
Y=c(1+ℓ(x²/y²))
8 de julio de 2008
11 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
dy 2 xy
7) = 2
dx x − y 2
x = vy
dx = vdy + ydv
x 2 − y 2 dy = 2 xydy
(vy )2 dy − y 2 dy = 2(vy )y(vdy + ydv )
v 2 y 2 dy − y 2 dy = 2vy 2 (vdy + ydv )
v 2 y 2 dy − y 2 dy = 2v 2 y 2 dy + 2vy 3 dv
vdv y2
− 2∫
v2 +1 ∫ y3
= dy
− ln v 2 + 1 = ln y + c
(
c = ln v 2 + 1 ( y ) )
c
y
(
= v2 +1 )
c x2
y 2 = 2 + 1
y y
cy = x + y
2 2
8 de julio de 2008
12 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
9) ( ) (
y x 2 + xy − 2 y 2 dx + xx 3 y 2 − xy − x 2 dy = 0 )
x 2 ydx + xy 2 dx − 2 y 3 dx + 3 xy 2 dy − x 2 ydy − x 3 dy = 0
y = vx
dy = vdx + xdv
( ) ( )
x 2 (vx )dx + x v 2 x 2 dx − 2v 3 x 3 dx + 3x v 2 x 2 (vdx + xdv ) − x 2 ( xv )(vdx + xdv ) − x 2 (vdx + xdv ) = 0
x vdx + x v dx − 2v x dx + 3 x v (vdx + xdv ) − x 3 v (vdx + xdv ) − x 3 vdx + x 4 dv = 0
3 3 2 3 3 2 2
[ ( )
v 3 x 3 dx + x 4 3v 2 + v + 1 dv = 0 3 4
1
v x
] ( )
x3
dx +
(
3v 2 + v + 1 dv )
=0
4
x v3
1 3dv dv dv
∫ xdx + ∫ v + ∫ v 2 + ∫ v 3 = 0
v −2
ln x + 3 ln v − v −1 − =c
2
1 1
ln x (v ) − v − 2v 2 = c − 2v
3 2
− 2v ln xv 3 + 2v + 1 = v 2 c
y2 y3 y y (c ) x 2
2
− 2 2 ln 2 + 2 + 1 =
x x
x x
3
− 2 y 2 ln y 2 + 2 xy + x 2 = y 2 c
x
8 de julio de 2008
13 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
y
x
y
11)
x + ye dx − xe x
dy = 0
y = vx
dy = vdx + xdv
[ 1
xdx − x 2 e v dv = 0 2
x
]
1
∫ x dx − ∫ e dv = ∫ 0
v
ln x − e v = c
y
ln x − e x
=c
0
ln 1 − e 1
=c
c = −1
y y
ln x − e x
= −1 →→→ ln x = e x
−1
8 de julio de 2008
14 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
X=vy dx=vdy+ydv
y²dx + x²dy + xydy + y²dy=0
vy²dx + y³dv + v²y²dy + vy²dy + y²dy=0
[y²(v²+2v+1)dy +y³dv=0]1/(v²+2v+1)(y³)
∫dy/y + ∫dv/(v²+2v+1) =∫0 (v²+2v+1)=(v+1)²= (v+1)-²
Ln(y)− (v+1)-¹=c
Ln(1)−1/(0/1 +1)=c c=-1
y[x+y/yln(y)−1=c(x+y/y)]
(x+y)ln(y) +x=0
EJERCICIOS 2.3
= + 2
= + 2
= − 2
+ 3 − 7 = 0
2
+ 3 − 7 = 0 2
2
+ 6 − 14 =
+ 2 + 6x + 2y − 14y = c
+ 2 + 6x + 12y − 14y = c
+ 2 + 6x − 2y = c
2) + − + + + =
=+
= +
= −
+ 2 + + 8 = " + 6
8 de julio de 2008
15 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
3) − + + − $% − =
& = 2 − 3
= 2 − 3
3 = 2 −
−2 1
+ + = 0
5
2 1
− + ln =
5 5
2 1
. − + ln = / 5
5 5
5 − 2 + ln =
5 − 4 + 6 + ln2 − 3 =
+ 6 + ln2 − 3 =
= 2 +
= 2 +
−
=
2
−
* + − 2 − 1 = 0
2
−
. * + − 2 − 1 = 0/ 2
2
− − 22 − 1 = 0
− − 4 + 2 = 0
− 5 − 2 = 0
1
' − 5 − 2 = 0) * +
5 − 1
− = 0
5 − 1
− = 0
5 − 1
1 2
= +
5 − 1 5 55 − 2
1 2
* + + − = 0
5 55 − 2
1 2
+ − = 0
5 5 5 − 2
1 2
+ ln05 − 20 − = "
5 25
5 + 2 ln05 − 20 − 25 = "
52 + + 2 ln052 + − 20 − 25 = "
8 de julio de 2008
16 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
= − 2
= − 2
= 2 +
+ 5 + = 0
4 + 5 + = 05 2
2
+ 10 + 2 = 0
− 2 + 10x − 2y + 2y = 0
= 2 + 3
= 2 + 3
− 3
=
2
− 3
2* + + = 0
2
− 3
.2 * + + = 0/ 2
2
− 3 + = 0
+ − 3 = 0
1
' + − 3 = 0) * +
−3
+ = 0
−3
+ = 0
−3
ln0 − 30 + = "
ln0 − 30 = " −
6 7809:;0 = 6 <:=
− 3 = "6 :=
− 36 = = "
2 + 3 − 36 = = "
8 de julio de 2008
17 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
7) + + + − =
=+
= +
= −
− 2 = 0
− 2 = 2
2
− 4 =
+ − 4y =
+ = c + 4y
8) − + + =
= 3 −
= 3 −
= 3 −
+ 4 + 3 − = 0
+ 4 + 3 − = 0
+ 7 − = 0
1
' + 7 − = 0) * +
+7
− = 0
+7
− ln0 + 70 = "
− " = ln0 + 70
6 >:? = 6 7809@A0
6>" = + 7
6 > " = 3 − + 7
6 > " + = 3 + 7
8 de julio de 2008
18 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
= 2 + 3
= 2 + 3
− 3
=
2
− 3
− 1 * + = −−5 +
2
− 3 − + 3
. = 5 − / 2
2
− 3 − + 3 − 10 + 2 = 0
− 1 + −3 + 3 − 10 + 2 = 0
1
' − 1 − + 7 = 0)
+7
+1
− = 0
+7
1
+ 7B − 1
− − 7
-8
8
*−1 − + − = 0
+7
− 8 ln + 7 − =
1
'2 + 3 − 8 ln2 + 3 + 7 − = 0)
2
− − 4 ln2 + 3 + 7 =
C =
C = 2
C
=
D =
D = 2
D
=
2
D C
C + D + 4 * + + C + D − 3 * + = 0
2 2
D C
.C + D + 4 * + + C + D − 3 * + = 0/ 2
2 2
C + D + 4D + C + D − 3C = 0
=C+D
= C + D
D = − C
8 de julio de 2008
19 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
E + 2 + E + 8 = " + 6
C = 2 D = 3
C = 4 D = 6
GH GI
= E = J
D C
.6C − D − 3 + C − D + 2 = 0/ 24
6 4
'6C − D − 3)4D + C − D + 26C = 0
'24C − D − 12)D + C − D + 26C = 0
=C−D
= C − D
C = + D
6 12
D + + = 0
30 30
6 12
D+ + ln =
30 30
6 12
.D + + ln = / 5
30 30
5D + + 2 ln =
53 + C − D + 2 ln =
15 + 2 − 3 + 2 lnC − D =
1
'12 + 2 + 2 ln2 − 3 = )
2
6 + + ln2 − 3 =
8 de julio de 2008
20 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
EJERCICIO 2.5
∂M ∂
= 2 xSeny = 2 xSeny
∂y ∂x
dy 2 + ye ( xy )
3) =
dx 2 y − xe ( xy )
( xy )
∫ 2dx + ∫ ye ∫ 2 ydy − ∫ xe
( xy )
dx dy
2 x + e ( xy ) + f ( y ) − y 2 − e ( xy ) + f ( x)
f ( xy ) : e ( xy ) + 2 x − y 2 = c
dy − 3 xy 2
4) =
dx x 3 + 2 y 4
∂M ∂
= 3x 2 = 3x 2
∂y ∂x
∫ 3xy dx ∫ x dy − ∫ 2 y
3 3 4
dy
2y5
yx 3 + f ( y ) yx 3 + + f ( x)
5
2 y5
f ( xy ) : yx 3 + =c
5
8 de julio de 2008
21 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
5) 2 xydx + (1 + x )dy = 0
2
∂M ∂
= 2x = 2x
∂y ∂x
∫ 2 xydx ∫ dy − ∫ x
2
dy
x 2 y + f ( y) y + x 2 y + f ( x)
f ( xy ) : x 2 y + y = c
EJERCICIOS 2.6
1) >xdy + ydx = x 4 y 8 dy
4
1
d ( xy ) = x y dy
4 8
xy
d ( xy ) x 4 y 8
= dy
( xy ) ( xy )
4 4
∫ ( xy )
−4
d ( xy ) = ∫ y 4 dy
( xy )−3 y 5
+ c − 15 ( xy )
3
=
−3 5
5 + 3 x3 y 8 = C ( xy )
3
3 7 1
d ( x y ) = x y x3 y5
3 5
d ( x3 y5 )
∫ ( x y ) = ∫ y dy
2
3 5
y3
( ) 3 + c 3
=
3 5
ln x y
3ln ( x3 y 5 ) = y 3 + c
ln ( x 3 y 5 ) = y 3 + c
3
8 de julio de 2008
22 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
3) >.xdy − ydx = xy 5 dy
1
xdy − ydx = xy 5 dy
xy
dy dx
∫ y − ∫ x = ∫ y dy
4
y5
ln y − ln x = +c
5
5
y y5
ln x = 5 + c
y
5ln e = y 5 + ce
x
y 5
5
5 = y + c x
5
x
5
y 5 = e y cx 5
3 yx 2
→ ( x3 + 2 y 4 ) dy = ( 3 yx 2 ) dx
dy
4) > = 3
dx x + 2 y 4
1
x3 dy + 2 y 4 dy = 3 yx 2 dx 2
x
−2 4
xdy + 2 x y dy = 3 ydx
3 ydx − xdy = 2 x −2 y 4 dy ( x2 y −2 )
∫d (x y −1 ) = 2∫ y 2 dy
3
3 −1 2 3
x y = 3 y + c 3 y
3x3 = 2 y 4 + cy
3x3 = y ( 2 y 3 + c )
8 de julio de 2008
23 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
5) >( y − xy 2 ) dx + ( x + x 2 y 2 ) dy = 0
ydx − xy 2 dx + xdy + x 2 y 2 dy = 0
ydx + xdy − xy 2 dx + x 2 y 2 dy = 0
1
d ( xy ) − xy 2 dx + x 2 y 2 dy = 0
( xy )
2
xy 2 x2 y2
( xy ) d ( xy ) −
−2
dx + dy = 0
( xy )
2
( xy )
−2 dx
∫ ( xy ) d ( xy ) − ∫
x ∫
+ dy = ∫ 0
− ( xy ) d ( xy ) − ln x + y = c
−1
− ( xy ) d ( xy ) − ln x + y = c − xy
−1
1 + xy ln x − xy 2 = cxy
1 + xy ln x = cxy + xy 2
1 + xy ln x = xy ( c + y )
dy xy 2 − y
6) > = → xdy = xy 2 − ydx
dx x
xdy = xy 2 dx − ydx
1
xdy + ydx = xy 2 dx
( xy )
2
d ( xy ) ( xy ) dx
2
∫ ( xy ) 2
=∫
( xy )
2
d ( xy ) dx
∫ ( xy ) 2
=∫
x
( xy )−1 = ln x + c − xy
1 = − xy ln x + xyc
1 + xy ln x = cxy
8 de julio de 2008
24 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
7) >( x 3 y 2 + x ) dy + ( x 2 y 3 − y ) dx
xdy − ydx + x3 y 2 dy + x 2 y 3 dx = 0
1
xdy − ydx = − x 3 y 2 dy − x 2 y 3 dx
( xy )
2
dy dx
2 − 2 = − xdy − ydx
xy x y
dx dy
xdy + ydx = 2 − 2 xy
x y xy
dx dy
∫ ( xy )d ( xy ) = ∫ x − ∫ y
dx dy
∫ ( xy )d ( xy ) − ∫ x + ∫ y = c
( xy )
2
+ ln y − ln x = c
2
( xy )2 y
+ ln = c 2
2 x
2
y
( xy )
2
+ ln = c
x
d ( x 4 y ) = x 4 y 2 dx
1
4 2
(x y)
d ( x4 y ) dx
∫ =∫
( x y)
2
4 x4
x −3
( )
−1
− x 4
y = − + c − 3x 4 y
3
3 = xy + cx y 4
3 = y ( x + cx 4 )
8 de julio de 2008
25 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
9) >( y 2 − y ) dx + xdy = 0
y 2 dx − ydx + xdy = 0
1
xdy − ydx = − y 2 dx 2
y
−x
∫ d = − ∫ dx
y
−x
y = −x + c ( − y )
x = xy + cy
x = y ( x + c)
ydx − xdy
= ( x 2 + y 2 ) ( xdx + ydy )
( x 2
+ y 2
)
x 1
∫ d tan = ∫ ( x + y ) 2 ( xdx + ydy )
−1 2 2
y 2
( x + y ) + c 4
2 2 2
tan −1 x = 1
y 2 2
x
4 tan −1 = ( x 2 + y 2 ) + c
2
y
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26 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
x2
y
d
x dn dn
∫ y y 2 = ∫ dx ⇒ 1 + n − 2n2 = (1 + 2n )(1 + n )
1+ − 2
x x
dn A B
∫ (1 + 2n )(1 − n ) = (1 + 2n ) + (1 − n )
2 ( 2 ) dn 1 ( −1) dn
∫ + ∫
( 2 ) 3 1 + 2n ( −1) 3 1 − n
1 1 1 1 + 2n
ln 1 + 2n − ln 1 − n ⇒ ln
3 3 3 1− n
A − An + B + 2 Bn = 1
A+ B =1
2B − A = 0
3B = 1
1 2
B = ,A=
3 3
1
1 + 2 y
ln
( ) = x ⇒ 1 ln x +x2 y = 1 ln x + 2 y = x + c 3
x
3 1− y
( ) 3 x −x y 3 x − y
x
x + 2y
ln = 3x + c
x− y
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EJERCICIOS 2.7
dy
1) > − 3 y = 6
dx
e∫
P ( x ) dx
P = −3 dx
−3 x
dy −3 x e =e
u
dx − 3 y = 6 e dx u = −3 x; du = −3
dy −3 x e ∫ = e − 3 x dx
− 3 dx
dx − 3 y ( e ) = 6e
−3 x
∫ d ( ye ) = ∫ 6 e −3 x
−3 x
6
ye −3 x = − e −3 x
3
ye = −2e −3 x + c
−3 x
ye −3 x + 2e −3 x = c
e −3 x ( y + 2) = c
dy
2) > + y = senx
dx
2 ∫ e x senxdx = − e xcos x + e x senx
F.I = e ∫dx = ex
1
∫e ( − e xcos x + e x senx) +
x
∫ d ( ye x) = ∫ e x senxdx senxdx =
2
ye x = ∫ e x senxdx C
dv = senxdx u = ex 1
[ yex = ( − e xcos x + e x senx) + C ] 2 /
v = − cos x du = exdx 2
ex
uv − ∫ vdu
2y = − cos x + senx + ce -x
− e x cos x − ∫ − cos x ex
− e x cos x + ∫ cos x exdx
dv = cos xdx u = ex
v = senx du = exdx
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3) >y1 − 2 xy = x x2
F .I = e∫
−2 xdx −2 2
dy P = −2x = e 2 dx = e− x
− 2 xy = x
dx
(
∫ d ye = ∫ xe
− x2 − x2
)
u = −x 2
du = −2 xdx
1 − x2
e ( −2 ) xdx
2∫
2
ye − x = −
− x2 1 − x2 2
ye = − e + c − x 2
2 e
c
2 y = −1 + − x 2
e
2
2 y + 1 = ce x
4) >y´−7 y = sen ( 2 x )
F .I = e ∫
−7 dx
dy P = −7 = e −7 x
− 7 y = sen 2 x
dx
2 2
dv = ∫ cos 2 x
u = e−7 x
1
du = 7e−7 x x = sem2 x
2
1 7 1 1
∫ e sen2 x = − 2 cos 2 xe − 2 2 sen2 xe − ∫ 2 sen2 x − 7e dx
−7 −7 x −7 x −7 x
4 −7 1 7 49
4∫
e sen 2 xdx = − cos 2 xe −7 x − sen 2 xe−7 x − ∫ sen 2 xe−7 x dx
2 4 4
53 −7 1 7
4 ∫
e sen 2 x = − cos 2 xe−7 x − sen 2 xe −7 x
2 4
2 7 −7 x
∫ sen2 xe dx = − 53 cos 2 xe − 53 sen 2 xe
−7 −7 x
−7 x 2 −7 x 7 −7 x 53
ye = − 53 cos 2 xe − 53 sen 2 xe e −7 x
c
53 y = −2 cos 2 x − 7 sen 2 x + −7 x
e
dy
5) >x − 4 y = x 6 e x
dx
dy 6 x 1 4 4
∫ − x dx −4
dx
∫x −4
x dx − 4 y = x e x P=− F .I . = e dx = e = e −4ln x = e ln x = x −4
x
dy 4 y
− = x5e x
dx x
dy 4 y
− = x5e x x −4
dx x
∫ d ( yx ) = ∫ xe
−4 xdx
dv = ∫ e x
u=x
du = dx v = ex
yx −4 = xe x − ∫ e x dx
yx −4 = xe x − e x + c
1
( yx − xe x = c − e x ) −4 x
−4
x e
y x c 1
x
− −4 = −4 x − −4
e x x e x
y 4
4
x − x = x − x (e )
5 cx x
e e
y − x 5e x = cx 4 − x 4 e x
y + x 4 e x = cx 4 + x5 e x
y + x 4 e x = x 4 ( c + xe x )
6) >( x 2 + 9 )
dy
+ xy = 0
dx
2 1
( x + 9 ) dx + xy = 0 x 2 + 9
dy
( )
x 1 2x 1
∫ x2 +9 ∫ x2 +9 ln x 2 + 9
dy xy x F .I . = e dx = e 2 = e2
+ 2 =0 P= 2
dx x + 9 x +9 ln ( x +9)
2
e = x2 + 9
u = x2
du = 2 xdx
∫d (y )
x2 + 9 = ∫ 0
y x2 + 9 = c
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dy
7) >cos x + ysenx = 1 a 2 + b 2
dx
dy 1
cos x dx + ysenx = 1 cos x
dy senx 1
+y =
dx cos cos x
dy
dx + y tan x = sec x
P = tan x
e∫
tan x
= eln sec x = sec xdx
dy
dx + y tan x = sec x ( sec xdx )
dy
dx + y tan x ( sec xdx ) = sec xdx
2
( y sec x) = tan x + c
tan x c
y= +
sec x sec x
dy
+ (y cos3 x − 1) / (cos2 x senx) = 1 / (cos2 x senx)
dx
= e∫cos x/sen xdx = e∫du / u = eln sen x = sen x
u = sen x
du = cos x
y sen x = ∫ 1 / cos x dx 2
y sen x = ∫ (1 / cos x) dx 2
y sen x = ∫ sec x dx 2
ysenx = − tan x + c
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dy 1 − e −2 x
9) > + y = x − x
F .I = e ∫ = e x
dx
dx e +e
P =1
dy 1 − e −2 x x
+ y = x − x e dx
dx e +e
e x dx − e − x dx
∫ d ( ye ) = ∫
x
e x + e− x
u = e x + e− x
du = e x dx − e − x dx
du
ye x = ∫
u
ye x = ln ( e x + e − x ) + c
dy
10) > + y tan x = cos 2 x; y = −1 , cuando x = 0
dx
P = tan x F .I = e ∫
−1
= e − ln ( cos x ) = e ln ( cos x ) = ( cos x ) dx
tan xdx −1
dy 2
+ y tan x = cos x ( cos x ) dx
−1
dx
∫ d (y ( cos x )
2
)
=
cos 2 x
∫ cos x dx
y ( cos x ) = ∫ cos xdx
−1
dy 2 −1
+ y tan x = cos x ( cos x ) dx
dx
∫ d (y ( cos x )
2
)
=
cos 2 x
∫ cos x dx
y ( cos x ) = ∫ cos xdx
−1
−1
y ( cos x ) = senx
y = [ senx + c ] cos x
−1 = [ sen0 + c ] cos 0 = c = −1
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32 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
dy
11) >( x + 1) + y = ln ( x ) y = 10 cuando x = 1
dx
dv = ∫ dx
v=x
y ( x + 1) = x ln x − x + c
10(2) = 1ln1 − 1 + c
10(2) = 0 − 1 + c = c = 21
y ( x + 1) = x ln( x) − x + 21
EJERCICIOS 2.8
+ =
=2
= 1:
= 1:2
= :1
:1
=
= −:2
−:2 + :1 = :1 2
1 1
.− 2 + = 2 / − 2
− =−
:2
=− = K: = 2
:2 :2
2 = − 2 +
:2 :2
2 = 2 +
:2 :2
:1 2
= 2 +
− = :
− 2 = 63 2 :2
2
= −2 = K :2 = :
2
=:
2
=
2
=2 +
2 2
2 + − 2 = 63 3
2 2 2 2 2 :22
63 2 =
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33 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
62 = 3 +
3 :2
6 = +
3 −2
= +4
:2 3
= :2 2 + 43
2
− = ; = =
M122 2 − N =
=1 =K =
=
=:
= −: + :
122 2 :2 − : = −: + :
122 =
1
O122 = P 2
12 = −:1 +
12 = −:1 : +
120 = −1:1 :0 +
= 13
12 = −:1 : + 13
EJERCICIO 3.1
1) (D² + 9D + 18)y = 0 m= -6 m = -3
m² + 9m + 18 = 0 y= C1 e −6 x + C2 e −3 x
(m + 6)(m+3) = 0
2) (D² - 3D – 10)y = 0 m= 5 m= -2
m² - 3m – 10 = 0 y= C1 e
5x
+ C2 e −2 x
(m – 5)(m + 2)
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34 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
3) (D² + 4D – 21)y = 0 m= -7 m= 3
−7 x
m² + 4m – 21 = 0 y= C1 e + C2 e3x
(m +7)(m – 3)
4)
5)
6)
35 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
7. (D³ - D² - D +1)y = 0
m³ - m² - m - 1 = 0
1| +1 -1 -1 +1
+1 0 -1
1 0 -1 0
m=1
m² - 1 = 0 y = c1ex + c2x0ex + c3xe-x
m² = 1 m = ±1
m1 = 1 m2 = 1 m3 = -1
1 y = (c1 + c2x)ex + c3e-x
8)
( D 6 − 8 D 4 + 16 D 2 ) y = 0
D 2 ( D 4 − 8 D 2 + 16) y = 0
m 2 (m 4 − 8m 2 + 16) = 0
m1 = 0
m2 = 0
( m 2 − 4) 2 = 0
m2 − 4 = 0
m2 = 4
m2 = 4
m= +−2
m3 = 2
m 4 = −2
m5 = 2
m 6 = −2
y = C1 + C 2 x + C 3 e 2 x + C 4 e 2 x + C5 e − 2 x + C 6 e − 2 x
y = C1 + C 2 x + (C 3 + C 4 )e 2 x + (C 5 + C 6 )e − 2 x
9)
36 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
10)
(D 2
)
3
− 6D + 9 y = 0
[(D − 3 ) ] y = 0
2 3
[(m − 3 ) ] = 0
2 3
m−3= 0
m =3
[
y = C1 + C 2 x + C 3 x 2 + C 4 x 3 + C 5 X ]
12 )( D 2 + 2 D + 10 )( D 2 − 2 D + 2) y = 0
( m 2 + 2 m + 10 )( m 2 − 2 m + 2) = 0
a =1 a =1
b=2 b = −2
c = 10 c=2
− b ± b 2 − 4 ac
2a
− 2 ± 2 2 − 4(1)(10 ) − ( −2) ± ( −2) 2 − 4(1)( 2)
2(1) 2(1)
− 2 ± 6i 2 ± 2i
2 2
− 1 ± 3i 1± i
y = (c1 sen 3 x + c2 cos 3 x )e − x + (c3 senx + c4 cos x )e x
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13. − ( D 4 + 8 D 2 + 16)Y = 0
m 4 + 8m 2 + 16 = 0
( m 2 + 4) 2 = 0
m 2 = −4
m2 = − 4
m = ±2i
a + bi
a=0
b=2
y = (c1 + c2 x) cos 2 x + (c3 + c4 x) sen 2 x
14.- (D⁶+6D⁴+9D²)y=0
m⁶+6m⁴+9m²=0
m²(m⁴+6m²+9)=0
(m²+3)(m²+3)
√m²=√-3 √m²=√-3
y=C₁+C₂x+(C₃+C₄x)Sen√3x +(C₅+C₆x)Cos√3x
15.- ( D 2 + 16 ) 2 y = 0
( m 2 + 16 ) 2 = 0
m = − 16
m = ±4i y = (C1 + C 2 ) sen 4 x + (C 3 + C 4 ) cos 4 x
16)( D 2 − 4 D + 5) 2 y = 0
(m 2 − 4m + 5) 2 = 0
m 2 − 4m + 5 = 0
18)
( D 5 − D 4 − 2 D 3 + 2 D 2 + D − 1) y = 0
1 _/ 1 − 1 − 2 + 2 + 1 − 1
+ + + +1 + 0 − 2 + 0 + 1
* *1 + 0 − 2 + 0 + 1*!0!
m1 = 1
m 4 − 2m 2 + 1 = 0
(m 2 − 1)(m 2 − 1) = 0
m 2 = 1 ____ m 2 = 1
m 2 = 1 ___ m 2 = 1
m2 = +1 ____ m 4 = +1
m3 = −1 ____ m5 = −1
y = (C1 + C 2 x + C 3 x 2 )e x + (C 4 + C 5 x )e − x
19)
39 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
20)
D 3 − 6 D 2 + 2 D + 36 y = 0
P ±1± 2
=
q +
−
− 2 ....1 − 6 + 2 + 36
........... − 2 + 16 − 36
..........1 − 8 + 18 + 0
m 1 = −2
(m 2
− 8m + 18 )
− b ± b 2 − 4ac − (− 8) ± (− 8) 2 − 4(1)(18) 8 + 64 − 72 4± −8
= = = = 4 ± 2 • −4i
2a 2(1) 2
a + bi = 4 + 2i
(
y = C 1 e − 2 x + C 2 cos 2 x + C 3 sen 2 x e 4 x )
dy
22) − 7y = 0
dx
D − 7y = 0
( D − 7) y = 0
m=7
y = c1e 7 x
d3y d2y dy
23. − 3
+ 7 2
+ 12 =0
dx dx dx
( D 3 + 7 D 2 + 12 D ) y = 0
m 3 + 7 m 2 + 12m = 0
m( m 2 + 7 m + 12) = 0
m( m + 4)(m + 3) = 0
m1 = 0
m2 = − 4
m3 = −3
y = c1 + c2 e − 4 x + c3e −3 x
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40 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
24.-3(dy/dx)+11y=0
3dy`+11y=0
y(3m+11)=0
3m=-11
m=-11/3
y=C₁ℓ(-11/3)
EJERCICIOS 3.2
d 2 y dy
1) + −6y = 0
dx 2 dx
D2 + D − 6 y = 0
m2 + m − 6 = 0
( m − 2)( m + 3) = 0
m=2
y = C1 e − 3 x + C 2 e 2 x
m = −3
2)
( D 2 + 2 D + 1) y = 0 → y = 1, Dy = −1, cuando : x = 0
( D + 1) 2 y = 0
(m + 1) 2 = 0
m = −1
y = (c1 + c2 x )e − x
Dy = −(c1 + c2 x )e − x + e − x c2
1 = (c1 + c2 (0))e − x
1 = c1
− 1 = −(c1 + c2 (0))e 0 + e 0 c2
− 1 = −c1 + c2
− 1 = −1 + c 2
c2 = 0
y = (1 + 0)e x
y = ex
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41 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
3) D²(D-1)y = 0 y = 2, Dy = 3, D² = 2 ; x = 0
m² (m-1) = 0
m1 = 0 m2 = 1
y = c1e0x + c2ex
y = c1 + c2ex
Dy = c1 + c2e y = x + 2ex
28)
( D 3 − 4 D 2 + 4 D ) y = 0 ___ y = 1
m(m 2 − 4m + 4) = 0 ______ Dy = 2
______________________ D 2 y = 8
( m − 2) 2 = 0
(m − 2)(m − 2) = 0
m1 = 0
m2 = 2
m3 = 2
y = C1 + e 2 x (C 2 + C 3 x )
Dy = e 2 x * C 3 + 2(C 2 + C 3 x)e 2 x
D 2 y = 2C 3 e 2 x + 4(C 2 + C 3 x)e 2 x + e 2 x * 2C 3
1 = C1 + C 2 _______________ C 3 = 2 − 2C 2
2 = C 3 + 2C 2 ________ 8 = 4(2 − 2C 2 ) + 4C 2
8 = 2C 3 + 4C 2 + 2C 3 __ 8 = 8 − 8C 2 + 4C 2
8 = 4C 3 + 4C 2 _______ 0 = −4C 2
2 = C3 + 0
C3 = 2
1 = C1 + 0
C1 = 1
y = 1 + 2 xe 2 x
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42 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
4)
43 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
5)
(D 2
)
+1 y = 0
m +1 = 0
m 2 = −1
m = −1
m = ±1i1
a + bi
0 +1
y = e ax [C1 senbx + C 2 cos bx ]
y = e 0 x [C1 senbx + C 2 cos bx]
y = C1 senx + C 2 cos x → solucion..general
dy = C1 cos x − C 2 senx
− 1 = C1 cos(π ) − C 2 sen(π )
− 1 = C1 (−1) − 0
C1 = 1
1 =C 1 sen(π ) + C 2 cos(π )
1 = C1 (0) + C 2 (−1)
− 1 = C2
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44 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
6)
( D + 9) y = 0 _________________ y = 2 __ Dy = 0
____________________________ cuando > x = π / 6
m2 + 9 = 0
m 2 = −9
m1 = 3i
m2 = −3i
a + bi
Q + 3i
y = e 0 x (C1 Sen3 x + C 2 Cos3 x) − − > solucion _ gral.
y = C1 Sen3x + C 2 Cos3 x
dy = 3C1Cos3 x − 3Sen3xC 2
2 = C1 Sen3(π / 6) + C 2 Cos3(π / 6)
2 = C1 + 0
C1 = 2
Dy = 3C1Cos3 x − 3Sen3 x − C 2
0 = 3C1Cos90 − 3Sen90C 2
0 = −3C 2
0 / 3 = C2
y = 2 Sen3 x + 0Cos3 x
y = 2 Sen3 x
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45 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
7)
m1 = −2 + (4)(−1)
m1 = −1+1i
m2 = −2 − − 4 2
(−2) − ( 4)( −1) − 2 − 2i
m2 = = = −1− i
2 2
y = e−x (C1Senx+ C2Cosx 9
Dy= e−x (C1Cosx− C2 Senx) + (C1Senx+ C2Cosx)e−x (−1)
0 = −C2
C2 = 0
1= C1 − 0 − 0 − C2
C1 =1
y = e−x (senx)
EJERCICIOS 3.3
1)( D 2 − D − 2) y = e 3 x
( D − 2)( D + 1) y = 0
(m − 2)(m + 1) = 0
YC = c1e 2 x + c 2 e − x
Yp = Ae 3 x
Yp = ( D 2 − D − 2)( Ae 3 x ) = e 3 x
D ( Ae 3 x ) = 3 Ae 3 x
D 2 ( Ae 3 x ) = 9 Ae 3 x
D 2 ( Ae 3 x ) − D ( Ae 3 x ) − 2( Ae 3 x ) = e 3 x
9 Ae 3 x − 3 Ae 3 x − 2 Ae 3 x = e 3 x
4 Ae 3 x = e 3 x
1
A=
4
YG = YC + Y p
YG = c1e 2 x + c 2 e − x + 1 4 e 3 x
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46 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
2)( D 2 − D − 2) y = sen(2 x )
( m 2 − m − 2)
(m − 2)(m + 1) = 0
YC = c1e 2 x + c 2 e − x
YP = Asen2 x + Bsen2 x
YP = ( D 2 − D − 2)( Asen2 x + B cos 2 x) = sen 2 x
D ( Asen2 x + B cos 2 x) = 2 A cos 2 x − 2 Bsen2 x
D 2 ( Asen2 x + B cos 2 x) = −4 Asen2 x − 4 B cos 2 x
− 4 Asen2 x − 4 B cos 2 x − 2 A cos 2 x + 2 Bsen2 x − 2 Asen2 x − 2 B cos 2 x = sen 2 x
− 6 Asen2 x − 6 B cos 2 x − 2 A cos 2 x + 2 Bsen2 x = sen2 x
− 6 A + 2B = 1
− 2 A − 6 B = 0(−3) 1
− 6 A + 2( ) =1
20 B = 1 20
1 3
B= A=−
20 20
3 1
YG = c1e 2 x + c 2 e − x − sen 2 x + cos 2 x
20 20
26` − 24a = 0
26
− − 24a = 0
12
13
a=
6−24
13
a=−
144
1 13 :>
d = ^ 6 > + 6 > + ; 6 ;> − 6 :> − 6
12 144
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47 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
4) = 2 + −
] = 0 ∶ ]^ = 0: ] = 0
= ^ +
g = ` + a + h
g = ` E + a ; + h
b ` E + a ; + h = 9 + 2 − 1
b = 4` E + 3a + 2h = 9 + 2 − 1
b = 12` + 6a + h = 9 + 2 − 1
12` + 6a + h = 9 + 2 − 1
12 A=9 6B=2 2E=-1
A=9/12 B=2/6 E=-1/2
A=3/4 B=1/3
3 E 1 ; 1
ig = + −
4 3 2
3 1 1
ij = "^ + " + E + ; −
4 3 2
]−5=0
]=5
? = ^ 6 r>
` − 5hxs = xs
−a + h − 5uxs = xs
−h − 5` = 1 −5
−5h+`=1
0h+26`=−4
−2
`=
13
−5h + ` = 1
:
−5h + y z = 1
^;
:;
h=
^;
` − u + 5a = −1
h − 5u − { = 1
2
− − u + 5a = −1
13
3
− − 5u − a = 1
13
11
−u + 5a = −
13
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48 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
16
−5u − a =
13
11
.−u + 5a = − / −5
13
16
−5u − a =
13
71
0 − 26 a =
13
71
a=−
338
u = ` + 5a + 1
2 71
u = *− + + 5 *− ++1
13 338
69
u=−
338
2 71 3 69
i_ = .− + / s6t − . + / xs
13 338 13 338
7) Y − 1Z = \ [ − [ +
]−5=0
]=0
? = ^ 6 r>
_ = `6 > − a + h
_c = `6 > − a
`6 > − a − 5`6 > + 5a − 5h = 36 > − 2 + 1
−4` = 3 |=−
5a = −2 }=−
1
3
2 5
1−
−5h + a = 1 h = 3 = −5 ~ −
−5 1 1
2 3 3 >
d = ^ 6 r> + − − 6
5 25 4
8) k − 1 = m − m1
]=5
i = "^ 6 r>
ig = 6 > − 6 r>
ig = ` 6 > + a6 > + h6 > + u6 r> + 6 r>
ig = ` 6 > + a6 > + h6 > + u 6 r> + 6 r>
b` 6 > + a6 > + h6 > + u 6 r> + 6 r> = 6 > − 6 r>
b` 6 > + 2`6 > + a6 > + a6 > + h6 > + 5u 6 r> + 2u6 r> + 56 r> + 6 r> = 6 > − 6 r>
` 6 > + 2`6 > + a6 > + a6 > + h6 > + 5u 6 r> + 2u6 r> + 56 r> + 6 r> − 5` 6 > − 5a6 > − 5h6 >
− 5u 6 r> − 56 r> = 6 > − 6 r>
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49 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
9)
(D − 1) y = sen( x) + cos(2 x) \
(D − 1) y = 0
(D − 1) = 0
m −1 = 0
m =1
Yc = C1e x
D( Asenx + B cos x + E cos 2 x + Fsen2 x ) − 1( Asenx + B cos x + E cos 2 x + Fsen2 x ) = sen( x) + cos( 2 x)
A cos x − Bsenx − 2 Esen 2 x + 2 F cos 2 x − Asenx − B cos x − E cos 2 x − Fsen 2 x = sen( x )+ cos( 2 x )
− B − B = 1.................................. − B − A = 1....................2 F − 1 = E
1
− 2 B = 1....................................... − 1 = A........................ − 2 E − F = 0
2
1 1 2
B = − ........................................ A = − ......................... − 2(2 F − 1) − F = 0.. → −5 F = −2..... → F =
2 2 5
− 2E − F = 0
2 2 1
− 2 E = ..... → ...E = − .... → ....E = −
5 10 5
1 1 1 2
Yg = − senx − cos x − cos 2 x + sen2 x
2 2 5 5
8 de julio de 2008
50 F.I.M.E. MECATRONICA
5` = 10 |=
14` + a − 8` + 8a = 15 6` + 9a = 15 12 + 9a = 15 } =
1
d = ^ s6t2 + xs2 + ; + 2 + 2s6t2 + xs2
3
8 de julio de 2008