21/06/2016

FUNCIN PULSO
P2 a (t ) = k [ H (t + a ) H (t a )] ;
FILTRADO Y LA FUNCIN 1
k=
2a

DELTA DE DIRAC FUNCIN PULSO CORTO

P2 a (t ) =
1
[ H (t + a ) H (t a ) ]
2a

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FUNCIN PULSO CORTO FUNCIN DELTA DE DIRAC

(t ) = lim
1
[ H (t + a) H (t a)]
1 a 0 2 a
2a

-a a

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FUNCIN DELTA DE DIRAC Representacin Grfica

, t=0 (t )
(t ) =
0, t 0

0 t
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 21/06/2016

FUNCIN DELTA DE DIRAC

Representacin Grfica
(trasladada)

, t = t0 (t t0 )
(t t 0 ) =
t t0
0,

0 t0 t

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Propiedades Propiedades
3. Corrimiento del tiempo, t0 nmero real
{ (t ) } = 1
1.
{ (t t 0 ) } = e i w t 0 { (t ) }

{ (t ) * f (t )} = { (t ) } { f (t )}
2.
{ (t t 0 ) } = e i w t 0

{ (t ) * f (t )} = { f (t )}
{ }
1 e i w t 0 = (t t 0 )

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Propiedades Propiedad
5. Corrimiento de frecuencia, w0 nmero real
4. Simetra

{1} = 2 ( w) = 2 ( w) { }
e iw0 t = 2 ( w w0 )

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 21/06/2016

Propiedad EJEMPLO 1
6. Modulacin, a nmero real Para a valor real, demuestre que

{ cos (a t )} = [ (w + a ) + (w a )] 1 { cos (a w)} =

1
[(t + a) + (t a)]
2

{ sen (a t )} = i [ (w + a ) (w a )]

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SOLUCION: usando modulacin e

SOLUCION inversa de simetra
Propiedad Simetra Inversa Simetra
6 4f7(t )
4 8 6444 4 74444
F ( w)
8

cos (a t ) = [ (w + a ) + (w a )]

Si { f (t )} = F (w) Si 1{F ( w)} = f (t )

1{ cos (a w)} = 1{ cos ( a w )}= [(t + a ) + (t a )]
2
{ F ( t )} = 2 f ( w) { f ( w )} =
1 1
F (t )
2
1{ cos (a w)} =
1
[(t + a ) + (t a)]
2

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SOLUCION: usando inversa corrimiento

del tiempo
EJEMPLO 2
e a w i + e a w i Para a valor real, demuestre que
cos( a w) =
2

1 {cos( a w)} =
1
[ { }
1 e a w i + 1 e a w i { }] 1{ sen (a w)} =
i
[ (t a) (t + a)]
2 2

1 {cos( a w)} =
1
[ (t + a ) + (t a )]
2

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 21/06/2016

FILTRADO FILTRADO
Si f tiene una transformada de Fourier y es El resultado anterior puede ser modificado para
continua en t0, entonces permitir un salto de discontinuidad de f en t0. En
este caso tenemos

f (t ) (t t 0 ) dt = f (t 0 )
f (t ) (t t 0 ) dt =
1
2
[ ( ) ( )]
f t0+ + f t0

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EJEMPLO 3 Solucin
Use la convolucin y filtrado para calcular
2
1 cos (3w) = f (t ) * g (t )
1+ w
2

2
1 cos (3w)
2
1+ w 2

1 cos ( 3w) f (t u ) g (u )du
=
1+ w
2

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Solucin Solucin

2 2
1 cos (3w) = f (t u ) g (u )du 1 cos (3w) = f (t u ) g (u )du
1+ w 1+ w
2 2

2 t t u
f (t ) = 1 2
= e ; f (t u ) = e
1 + w g (t ) = 1{cos (3w)} =
1
[ (t + 3) + (t 3)]
2

g (t ) = 1{cos (3w)} =
1
[ (t + 3) + (t 3)]
2 g (u ) = 1 {cos (3w)} =
1
[ (u + 3) + (u 3)]
2
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Solucin Solucin
2
2 1 cos (3w) =

1
cos (3w) = 1 + w 2

1+ w
2

1
(u 3) du
t u t u
e (u + 3)du + e
[ (u + 3) + (u 3)]du 2
1 t u
e
2

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Solucin EJEMPLO 4
Evale
2
1
1+ w
2
1 t +3
cos (3w) = e
2
+e
t 3
[ ]

8 (t 3) H (t 3)e
5 t
dt

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f (3+ ) = lim+ e 5 t = e 15
Solucin 8 (t 3)1 Solucin
5 t
H (t 3)e dt
4243 t 3

f (3 ) = lim 0 = 0
f (t )
t3
f ( t ) =H(t - 3) e -5t

f ( t ) =H(t - 3) e -5t

3
3

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Solucin Solucin

8 (t 3) H (t 3)e
5 t
dt =
8
2
[
f (3 + ) + f (3 ) ]

8 (t 3) H (t 3)e
5 t
dt = 4 e 15
f (3+ ) = lim+ e 5 t = e 15
t 3

f (3 ) = lim 0 = 0
t 3

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Solucin Aplicamos transformada

EJEMPLO 5
de Fourier al PVI en la variable x
Resuelva el problema de valor inicial
2
2 u 2 u U ( w, t ) + 4 w2 U ( w, t ) = 0
= ( < x < , t>0) t2
t2 x2
U ( w,0) = 0 (I )
u( x,0) = 0

u U (w,0) = 4 i w e w /16
2

( x,0) =16 x e 4 x
2

t t

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Solucin: solucin de la ecuacin (I) Solucin:

u ( x, t ) = 1 { U ( w, t ) }
w 2 / 16
U ( w, t ) = 2i e sen (2 w t )
{
u ( x, t ) = 1 2 i e w
2
/16
}
sen (2w t )
t: constante
Evale la transformada inversa usando la
convolucin y filtrado

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 21/06/2016

Solucin: Solucin:

{
u ( x , t ) = 1 2 i e w
2
/16
}
4i 4 ( x u )2
[ (u + 2 t ) (u 2 t )]du
2i
sen (2 w t )
u ( x, t ) = e

4i 4 ( x u ) 2
[ (u + 2 t ) (u 2 t )]du
2i [ ]
u ( x, t ) = e
u ( x, t ) = 2 e 4 ( x + 2t ) e 4 ( x 2 t )
2 2

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Solucin del problema de valor

EJEMPLO 6
inicial
Resolver el problema con valores en la
frontera

[
u ( x, t ) = 2 e 4( x 2 t ) e 4( x + 2t )
2 2
] 2 u
t2
=9
2 u
x2
; < x< , t >0

x
u ( x,0) = e
u 6
( x,0) =
t 2
x +4
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SOLUCION EJEMPLO 7

2 u 2 u
= 144 2 ; < x< , t >0
u ( x, t ) = e
1 x + 3t x 3t
+e + t 2
x
2
u ( x,0) = P10 ( x)
1 1 x + 3 t 1 x 3 t
tan
u 4
2
tan ( x,0) = 2
2 2 t x +4

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 21/06/2016

Solucin

u ( x, t ) =
1
[P10 ( x + 12t ) + P10 ( x 12t ) ] +
2

1
6
[
tan 1 ( x + 12t ) tan 1 (x 12t ) ]

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