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RESUMEN MBITO DE INGLS.

GRAMMAR

Los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos en ingls se utilizan para comparar varios sujetos atendiendo a una caracterstica. Los adjetivos se miden en varios grados, que son:

Grado positivo: Inteligente intelligent

Grado comparativo:

de igualdad: tan inteligente como as intelligent as

de superioridad: ms inteligente que more intelligent than

de inferioridad: menos inteligente que less intelligent than

Grado superlativo: el ms inteligente the most intelligent

As pues, vemos que los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos en ingls por regla general se construyen con: as as, more than, less than, y the most, pero esto no siempre es as.
El comparativo de superioridad y el superlativo siguen reglas distintas en ocasiones especiales. Veamos una tabla con todos los casos posibles:

Adjetivos con ms de 1 slaba

Adjetivo

Comparativo de superioridad

Superlativo

Intelligent

more intelligent than

the most intelligent

Beautiful

more beautiful than

the most beautiful

She is the most beautiful woman of the world

Fast
Adjetivos de 1 slaba

Tall

faster than
taller than
He is taller than you

the fastest
the tallest

Adjetivos terminados en y,

Slow

slower than

the slowest

er, le, ow

Easy

easier than

the easiest

Good

Adjetivos irregulares

better than
You are better than him

My car is the fastest ( Mi coche es el ms rpido)

the best

Bad

worse than

the worst

Far

farther / further than

Old

older / elder than

Little

less than

the least

Many / Much

more than

the most

the farthest / furthest

the oldest / eldest

Conviene hacer algunas observaciones en relacin con:

Latter. Significa el segundo de dos.

Last. Es el ltimo, el final.

Latest. Significa ltimo hasta el presente. The latest news (Ultimas noticias, las ms recientes en tanto no se reciban otras).

Farther. Se refiere generalmente a distancia. (Barcelona is farther from London than from Paris) (Barcelona est ms lejos de Londres que de Pars).

Further. Significa adicional. (I will give you further details later.) (Le dar detalles adicionales -ulteriores- ms tarde).

Tambin further puede usarse para distancias, al igual que farther, pero, en cambio, slo further puede utilizarse en sentido adicional.

Much. Se usa en singular. (I have no much time.) (No tengo mucho tiempo).

Many. Se usa en plural. (I have not many pencils.) (No tengo muchos lpices).

Finalmente, si el superlativo se refiere a lugar (complemento de lugar, segn dicen las Gramticas), en ingls se usa la preposicin in. (New York is the biggest town in the U. S. A.)(Nueva York es la
mayor ciudad de los Estados Unidos).

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Formas simples
Presente
(yo) voy
(t) vas
(l) va

Futuro

Indicativo

(nosotros) vamos
(vosotros) vais
(ellos) van

Pretrito perfecto simple

(yo) fui
(nosotros) fuimos
(t) fuiste
(vosotros) fuisteis
(l) fue
(ellos) fueron

Pretrito imperfecto

Condicional

Formas simples
Subjuntivo
Presente
(yo) vaya
(t) vayas
(l) vaya
(nosotros) vayamos
(vosotros) vayis
(ellos) vayan
Futuro

Imperativo

Pretrito imperfecto
(yo) fuera o fuese
(t) fueras o fueses
(l) fuera o fuese
(nosotros) furamos o

ve (t)
vaya (l, usted)
vayamos (nosotros)
id (vosotros)
vayan (ellos, ustedes)

Infinitivo : ir

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(yo) ir
(t) irs
(l) ir
(nosotros) iremos
(vosotros) iris
(ellos) irn
Formas compuestas

(yo) iba
(t) ibas
(l) iba
(nosotros) bamos
(vosotros) ibais
(ellos) iban

(yo) ira
(t) iras
(l) ira
(nosotros) iramos
(vosotros) irais
(ellos) ira

(yo) fuere
(t) fueres
(l) fuere
(nosotros) furemos
(vosotros) fuereis
(ellos) fueren

fusemos
(vosotros) fuerais o fueseis
(ellos) fueran o fuesen

Gerundio : yendo
Participio : ido

Indicativo
Pretrito perfecto compuesto
(yo) he ido
(t) has ido
(l) ha ido
(l) hay ido
(nosotros) hemos ido
(vosotros) habis ido
(ellos) han ido

Pretrito pluscuamperfecto
(yo) haba ido
(t) habas ido
(l) haba ido
(nosotros) habamos ido
(vosotros) habais ido
(ellos) haban ido

Futuro perfecto
(yo) habr ido
(t) habrs ido
(l) habr ido
(nosotros) habremos ido
(vosotros) habris ido
(ellos) habrn ido

Condicional perfecto
(yo) habra ido
(t) habras ido
(l) habra ido
(nosotros) habramos ido
(vosotros) habrais ido
(ellos) habran ido

Pretrito anterior
(yo) hube ido
(t) hubiste ido
(l) hubo ido
(nosotros) hubimos ido
(vosotros) hubisteis ido
(ellos) hubieron ido

Subjuntivo
Pretrito perfecto

Pretrito pluscuamperfecto (2)

(yo) hubiese ido
(t) hubieses ido
(l) hubiese ido
(nosotros) hubisemos ido
(vosotros) hubieseis ido
(ellos) hubiesen ido

Pretrito pluscuamperfecto
(yo) hubiera ido
(t) hubieras ido
(l) hubiera ido
(nosotros) hubiramos ido
(vosotros) hubierais ido
(ellos) hubieran ido
Futuro perfecto
(yo) hubiere ido
(t) hubieres ido
(l) hubiere ido
(nosotros) hubiremos ido
(vosotros) hubiereis ido

Infinitivo compuesto
haber ido

Gerundio compuesto
habiendo ido

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(ellos) hubieren ido

Formas simples
Indicative
Present
I go
you go
he/she/it goes
we go
you go
they go

Preterite
I went
you went
he/she/it went
we went
you went
they went

Formas compuestas
Past Participle
having gone
Indicative

Present continuous
I am going
you are going
he/she/it is going
we are going
you are going
they are going

Present perfect
I have gone
you have gone
he/she/it has gone
we have gone
you have gone
they have gone

Future
I will go
you will go
he/she/it will go
we will go
you will go
they will go

Future perfect
I will have gone
you will have gone
he/she/it will have gone
we will have gone
you will have gone
they will have gone

Past continuous
I was going
you were going
he/she/it was going
we were going
you were going
they were going

Past perfect
I had gone
you had gone
he/she/it had gone
we had gone
you had gone
they had gone

Future continuous
I will be going
you will be going
he/she/it will be going
we will be going
you will be going
they will be going

Present perfect continuous

I have been going
you have been going
he/she/it has been going
we have been going
you have been going
they have been going

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Imperative
go
Infinitive
let's go
Past perfect continuous
go
had
been going
toIgo

you had been going

he/she/it had been going
we had been going
you had been going
they had been going
Participle

Present
going

Future perfect
continuous
I will have been going
you will have been going
he/she/it will have been
going
we will have been going
you will have been going
they will have been goin
g

Past
gone

Tambin es importante saber que utilizamos el verbo Be para los siguientes casos:
Para presentarnos. Im David (Yo soy David)
Saludar .Hello. How are you? (Hola. Cmo ests?)
Disculparnos. Im sorry. (Lo siento)
Expresar la profesin. We are lawyers (Somos abogados)
Expresar la nacionalidad. They are Spanish (Ellos son espaoles)
Referirnos a lugares .My dad is in Palencia (Mi padre est en PAlencia)
Describir cosas .Its an old film (Es una pelcula vieja)
Expresar la edad. En espaol corresponde al verbo tener My brother is 10 years old (Mi hermano tiene 10 aos)
Decir cmo nos sentimos. Im very hungry (tengo mucha sed)
Hablar sobre el tiempo que hace .Its very hot today (Hace mucho calor hoy)
Expresar la hora y la fecha. Its six oclock (son las 6 en punto). Its Monday (Es lunes)

Utilizamos HAVE con o sin got en el sentido del verbo espaol tener, para:
Hablar de las cosas que poseemos She has got a house (ella tiene una casa)
Hablar de la familia We have got a sister (nosotros tenemos una hermana)
Describir rasgos fsicos .I have got brown eyes (yo tengo los ojos marrones)

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Expresar el malestar fsico .I have got a headache (tengo dolor de cabeza)
Para hablar de comidas, vacaciones y la higiene You have a shower (t te duchas) He has breakfast at seven oclock (el desayuna a las 7)

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Interr

Affirmati
ve

18
o
g
a
t
i
v
e

Ne
ga
tiv
e

Have I
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
?

I have
brought.
( He
trado)

I
hav
e
not
bro
ug
ht.

Tablas de Conjugacin del verbo en ingls: bring

Have

y
Present: bring .
o
Yo
u
Present Simple ( do-does , uy aade s o -es al verbo
You have
hav
en las 3 pers. Singular.
b
brought.
e
r
(has
not
Affirmative
o
trado)
bro
u
ug
I bring.
g
ht.
h
t
You bring.
?

Past Simple: brought.

Infinitive: to bring .

He/She/It brings.
Affirmative
He/She/It Has
He/
has
h
Sh
We bring.
I am bringing.
brought.
e
e/It
( ha
/
has
trado)
s
not
You bring.
You are bringing.
h
bro
e
ug
They bring.
He/She/It is bringing.
/
ht.
i
We are bringing.
t
You are bringing.
b
r
o
They are bringing.
u
Present Perfect Segcompone del verbo Haber
h en participio ( Termina
+ la forma del verbo
t
sera la forma verbal
? de la 3 columna.
verbo en gerundio ing
Have
w
e

We
hav

Past Participle: brought.

Gerund: bringing.

Meaning: traer

Present Simple Continuous to be + -ing

Interrogative

Negative

Do I bring?

I do not bring.

Do you bring?

You do not bring.

Does he/she/it bring?Interrogative

He/She/It does not bring.

Negative

Do we bring?

Am I bringing?

We do not bring.
I am not bringing.

Do you bring?

Are you bringing?

You do not bring.

You are not bringing.

Do they bring?

Is he/she/it bringing?

They do not He/She/It

bring.
is not bringing.

Affirmative

Interrogative
Are we bringing?

Negative

We are not bringing.

I have been bringing. (He Are you

Have
I been bringing?
bringing?
estado trayendo)
You have been bringing.
Have you been bringing?
Are they bringing?

I have not been bringing.You are not bringing.

He/She/It has been bringing.

Has he/she/it been bringing?

He/She/It has not been bringing.

We have been bringing.

Have we been bringing?

We have not been bringing.

You have been bringing.

Have you been bringing?

You have not been bringing.

They have been bringing.

Have they been bringing?

They have not been bringing.

You have not been bringing.

They are not bringing.
: Have has ( 3pers.sing )
en ed , o en los verbos irregulares
Present Perfect Continuous Verbo have has + been +

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Past Simple Pasado del presente simple : El auxiliar es did para todas las presonas.
El pasado de un verbo se hace con la terminacin ed ( verbos regulares ) ,
o la 3columna verbos irregulares.
Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Did I bring?

I did not bring.

You brought.

Did you bring?

You did not bring.

He/She/It brought.

Did he/she/it bring?

He/She/It did not bring.

We brought.

Did we bring?

We did not bring.

You brought.

Did you bring?

You did not bring.

They brought.

Did they bring?

They did not bring.

We had brought.
II would
bring.(Traera)
will bring.(Traer)
You had brought.
You
bring.
You would
will bring.

Had we brought?
Would
I bring?
Will I bring?
Had you brought?
Would
you
bring?
Will you
bring?

We had not brought.

II would
bring.
will notnot
bring.
You had not brought.
You
bring.
You would
will notnot
bring.

They had brought.

He/She/It
bring.
He/She/It would
will bring.

Had they brought?

Would
he/she/it
bring?
Will he/she/it
bring?

They had not brought.

He/She/It
bring.
He/She/It would
will notnot
bring.

We will
bring.
would
bring.

Will
wewe
bring?
Would
bring?

We will
notnot
bring.
would
bring.

You would
will bring.
bring.

Will you
Would
you
bring?
bring?

You would
will notnot
bring.
bring.

They
bring.
They will
would
bring.

Will
they
bring?
Would
they
bring?

They
notnot
bring.
They will
would
bring.

I brought.

Past Continuous Es el pasado del presente continuo. Verbo to be en pasado : was- were + verbo
en gerundio ing.
Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

I was bringing.

Was I bringing?

I was not bringing.

You were bringing.

Were you bringing?

He/She/It was bringing.

Was he/she/it bringing?

You were not bringing.

He/She/It was not
bringing.

We were bringing.

Were we bringing?

We were not bringing.

You were bringing.

Were you bringing?

You were not bringing.

They were bringing.

Were they bringing?

They were not bringing.

Past Perfect Es el pasado del presente perfecto. Had ( forma pasada de have) + participio
Past Perfect Continuous. Pasado del presente perfecto continuo: Se forma con had been + verbo en
(verbo terminado en ed , o los irregulares la 3columna )
gerundio ing.
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
I had been bringing.
I had not been bringing.
Had I been bringing?
(haba estado trayendo)
I had brought. ( Haba
Had
I
brought?
I
had
not
brought.
Future Simple Se forma con will para todas las personas + el verbo en infinitivo sin to.
You had not been bringing.
trado)
You had been bringing.
Had you been bringing?
Future
Perfect
:
Se
forma
con
will+
presente
perfecto
You had brought.
Had you brought?
You had not brought.
He/She/It had not been
Had he/she/it been
Interrogative
Negative
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
He/She/It
had been bringing.
bringing.
He/She/It had brought.
Had he/she/it brought?
He/She/It had not brought.
bringing?
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative

Affirmative
I would have brought.

Would I have brought?

I would not have brought.

You would have brought.

Would you have brought?

You would not have brought.

He/She/It would have brought.

Would he/she/it have

brought?

He/She/It would not have

brought.

We would have brought.

Would we have brought?

We would not have brought.

You would have brought.

Would you have brought?

You would not have brought.

They would have brought.

Would they have brought?

They would not have brought.

We
I will
hadhave
beenbrought.
bringing.
You
Youhad
willbeen
have bringing.
brought.
They had been bringing.
He/She/It will have brought.

Wenot
hadhave
not brought.
been bringing.
I will
You had not been bringing.
Had
been
bringing? You will not have brought.
Will
youyou
have
brought?
They had not been
Had they been bringing?
bringing.
Will he/she/it have
He/She/It
will not have
brought?
brought.
Will
Had
I have
we been
brought?
bringing?

We will have brought.

Will we have brought?

We will not have brought.

You will have brought.

Will you have brought?

You will not have brought.

They will have brought.

Will they have brought?

They will not have brought.

Conditional : Se forma con el pasado de will : would + infinitivo sin to.

Conditional Perfect : Se forma con would + have+participio (-ed , los verbos regulares,3columna
los irregulares).

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Shape - Forma

Size/Measure -Tamao/Medida

Age/Time -Edad/Tiempo

Weather - Tiempo (clima)

Temperature - Temperatura

square - cuadrado
round - redondo
curved) - curvo
big - grande
high - elevado
old - viejo
quick - rpido
rainy - lluvioso
foggy - con niebla
freezing - helado
rectangular crooked) large - grande
low - bajo
young - joven
slow - lento
stormy overcast - nublado
chilly - fro
rectangular
torcido
huge - enorme
tall - alto
new - nuevo
senior - mayor
tormentoso
cloudy - nuboso
cold - fro
triangular - triangular
broad - ancho
small - pequeo
short - corto, bajo
modern - moderno
junior - ms joven
sunny - soleado
clear - despejado
cool - fresco
oval - oval
narrow -angosto
tiny - diminuto
long - largo
ancient - antiguo
current - actual
windy - ventoso
mild - templado
lukewarm - tibio
conical - cnico
flat - plano
heavy - pesado
medium - medio
old fashioned past - pasado
snowy - con nieve
chilly - fro
boiling - hirviendo
spherical - esfrico
steep light - liviano
narrow - angosto
anticuado
future - futuro
damp - hmedo
icy - con hielo
muggy - caluroso
cubical - cbico
empinado
thick - grueso
deep - profundo
updated -actualizado
fast - rpido
dry - seco
hot - caluroso
straight -recto
hollow - hueco
thin - delgado
shallow - playo
outdatedwarm - clido
cylindrical - cilndrico
solid- slido
wide - ancho
broad - ancho
desactualizado
pleasant - agradable
Personality (positive) - Personalidad (positivo)
Personality (negative) - Personalidad (negativo)
ambitious- ambicioso
tolerant - tolerante
courageous - valiente
disciplined - disciplinado
dishonest - deshonesto
lazy- haragn
possesive - posesivo
gullible - ingenuo
modest - modesto

patient - paciente

intelligent - inteligente

sympathetic - comprensivo

pessimistic- pesimista

greedy - codicioso

conceited - engredo

stubborn - terco

sensible - sensato

honest - honesto

generous - generoso

considerate considerado

miserly- avaro

resentful - resentido

arrogant - arrogante

careless - negligente

friendly - amistoso

optimistic- optimista

humorous - divertido

responsible - responsable

coward (- cobarde

envious - envidioso

fussy - quisquilloso

selfish - egosta

practical - prctico

sincere - sincero

jealous - celoso

impatient - impaciente