POTENCIAL DE POZO INFINITO

Fsica Moderna

Daniel Parra Ospina

dpo@utp.edu.co

Universidad Tecnolgica de Pereira

Ingeniera Fsica
Pereira

Pozo de Potencial Infinito

1. Energas

En y funciones de onda n

Las soluciones admisibles dentro de la caja son:

( x )=

Asin ( kx )(1)
Bcos ( kx ) (2)

Solucin para (1):

( 0 )= ( a )=0 k n a=n k n=

n
; n=1, 2,3, 4,
a

2 mE ( n )
2 2 2
k n = 2 = 2 E n=
n ; n=1,2, 3, 4,

a
2m a2
2

Condicin de normalizacin para (1):

a

A 2 sin2 (k n x)dx=

A2
A2
1
1cos

(
2k
x
)
dx
=
x+
sin ( 2 k n x) a
[
]
n
2 0
2
2 kn
0

A 2 sin2 (k n x)dx=

A2
1
2n
1
2n
a+
sin
a
sin
0
2
2kn
a
2 kn
a

)]

A2
2
A sin (k n x)dx= a=1 A=
2
a
2

Funcin de onda normalizada:

n ( x )=

2
n
sin
x ;0x a
a
a
0 ; Cualquier otro caso

( )

2. Funcin de onda n ( p )
a

1
2
n
n( p) =
sin
x e

a
2 0 a

[
a

1
e
n( p) =

a 0

( )

n
x
a

e
2i

n
x
a

ipx

dx

ipx

dx

1
1 a i n xipx i n x ipx
a
n( p)=
e a e a dx
2i
0

1
1
a
n( p)=

2i

[(
[(

( na p /)ix

( na + p / )ix

e
e
a
+
0
n
n
i
p/ i
+ p/
a
a

) (

1
n
( + p / ) ia
1
(na p/ )ia
a
e
1 e a
1
n( p)=

+
2i
n
n
i
p /
i
+ p/
a
a

n( p)=

[(

(e na p / ) ia2

n
p /
a

) (

()

(e na p / )ia2 e( na p /) ia2
2i

( na + p/ )ia/ 2 e( na + p/ )ia/ 2e( na + p/ )ia/ 2

e
i

n
+ p /
a

()

2i

a
e
4

n
n
n
( + p/ ) ia/ 2
p /
+ p/
a
1
a
e
a
n( p)=

sin
a
sin
a
a
2
2
n
n
i
p /
i
+ p /
a
a

n( p)=

n( p)=

(e na p / ) ia2

n
n
ia
p /
a ( a p / ) 2
a
e
sin
a
2
2

( na p/ ) a2

( na + p/ )ia/ 2

3. Representacin grfica de

n
n
+ p/
a ( a + p /) ia /2
a
e
sin
a
2
2

( na + p/ ) a2

}]

}] [

n
n
+ p /
n
ia
p /
p/ )
(
a
a
2
Sa
a e a
Sa
a
2
2

| n ( p )|

para n=1n=2

n
n
n
n
+ p /
n
ia
p/
n
+ p/
n
( + p / ) ia /2
p / )
+ p / ) ia/ 2
( p /
(
(
a
a
a
a
a
a
2
a
a
(
)

p
=

e
Sa
a
e
Sa
a

e
Sa
a

e
| n | 4
2
2
2
2

[( { })

n
+ p/
2
a
a

(
p
)
=

S
a
a
| n | 4
2
in

in

+ e =2 (1 )

n+1

[(

}( {

}) ]
2

; n=1,2, 3, 4,

2
| n ( p )| = 4 a Sa n 2 + pa/2

[ {

})

n=1; bosquejo de| 1 ( p )|

} {

}( {

n +1

2 (1 ) Sa n + pa/2 Sa n pa/2 + Sa n pa/ 2

2
2
2

| n ( p )| = 2h Sa n 2 + pa/2 (1 )n +1 Sa n 2 pa /2
2

} {

n
n
n
+ p /
p/
p /
a
a
a
( ein +e in ) Sa
a Sa
a + Sa
a
2
2
2

}]

}) ]
2

n=2; bosquejo de| 2 ( p )|

4. Bosquejo de

| n ( p )|

para n grande

5. Usar n ( p )

para calcular p

p = p| n ( p )| dp ;| n ( p )| Funcin Par en regin simtrica.

p = p| n ( p )| dp=0

6. Usar n ( p )

p = p | n ( p )| dp=
2

p2

para calcular

[ {

p 2a

Sa n + pa/2 (1 )n+ 1 Sa n pa/2

2h
2
2

[ {

p2

usando n ( x )

p = a p 2 Sa n + pa /2 (1 )n+1 Sa n pa/2
2 h
2
2
2

7. Calcular

}] dp

d2 n ( x )
p = n ( x )
dx
d x2
0
2

d n ( x ) n
=
dx
a

( )

( ) 2a sin ( na x)

d n ( x )
2
n
n
cos
x
=
2
a
a
a
dx

}] dp

2 a

( ) [

p2= 1

n
a a
n
a

1cos

)]

( ) [ x 2 an sin ( 2 na x)] a0
2

2 n
1 n
x dx=
a
a a

( )

p2=

8. Principio de incertidumbre
a

)]

x = 2 x sin2 n x dx= 1 xxcos 2n x dx

a0
a
a 0
a

( )

u=x du=dx ; dv=cos

x = 1
a

x =

x dx
0

( 2an x) dx v= 2an sin ( 2 na x )

)]

1 x 2 ax
2n
a 2
2 n

sin
x
cos
x a
a 2 2 n
a
2 n
a
0

)( ) (

2
2
x = 1 a a sin ( 2 n ) a

a 2

x =

ax
2 n a
a
2n
sin
x +
sin
x dx
2 n
a
0 0 2 n
a

( 2n )

2 n

cos ( 2n )+

( )]
a
2 n

a
2
a

x = 2 x2 sin2 n x dx= 1
a 0
a
a
2

( )

u=x 2 du=2 xdx ; dv =cos

dx x 2 cos

( 2na x) dx ]

( 2 na x ) dx v= 2an sin ( 2 na x )

x = 2 x2 sin2 n x dx= 1 x a x sin 2 n x + a xsin 2 n x dx

a 0
a
a 3 2 n
a
n 0
a
2

( )

3
2
x = 1 x a x sin 2 n x + a xsin 2 n x dx
a 3 2 n
a
n 0
a
2

u=x du=dx ; dv=sin

( 2na x) dx v = 2an cos( 2 na x )

x3 a x2
2 n
1 a

sin
x
a 3 2 n
a
2 n

x2 = 1

[ ((
3

x2 = 1

x2 = a

x=

) (

) ( ) xcos( 2 na x )] a0

1 a 2 1
1
=
a2
2
2 n
3 2 ( n )

( ) (

x x =
2

x=a

1
1
a2
2

3 2 ( n )2
4

1
1
a ( n )

=
2
2
12 2 ( n ) 2n
3

p =0
n
a

( )

p2=

p=

p p =

p=

n
a

n
a

n
a
2
( n )2
a
( n )
p x=
2=
2
2 n
3
2
3

Para n=1

2
p x=
2 0,5678
2 3
Para n=2

2 a

) ( )

x
1 a
ax
2 n
1 a
+

sin
x
a 3 4 n
2 n
a
2 n

) ( ) cos ( 2na x) dx ]

2n
1 a
x +
a
2 n

xcos

 p x=

4 2
2 1,6703
2 3