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ABSTRACT:
1. DETECTION OF BLOOD ALCOHOL:
The ethanol oxidation with potassium dichromate to form acetic acid forms the
basis of the original device to detect alcohol on the breath, employing agencies
to comply with the law n order to determine the content of alcohol in the blood
of an person. The test is based on the color difference between the dichromate
ion (red-orange) of the reagent ion and chromium (III) (green) of the product.
Thus, the color change can be used to measure the amount of ethanol present
in the breath sample.
In its simplest form the device for detecting breath alcohol consists of a sealed
glass tube containing the dichromate reagent impregnated on the sulfuric acid
silica gel potassium. For testing the pipe ends are broken, a nozzle is adapted
to one and the other is inserted into the neck of a plastic bag. As the breath
containing ethanol vapors through the pipe, the dichromate ion reddish orange
ion is reduced to chromium (III) green. Later the alcohol concentration in the
breath is estimated by measuring far as the green extends along the tube tests
measure the alcohol content in the breath.
Los teres son bastante inertes frente a la mayora de reactivos que atacan a
los alcoholes porque carecen del grupo hidroxilo responsable de la actividad
qumica de estos. Son completamente inertes frente a las bases o metales
alcalinos, agentes reductores y oxidantes.
ABSTRACT :
DO YOU KNOW THAT IS MADE VANILLA?
Due to low reactivity of the ether bond, the ether is not much used as reagents
in organic synthesis, but rather as solvents for reactions. Many naturally
occurring compounds having ether linkages. For example, vanillin, which is the
main component of anise oil, both having n ether function.
Ethers are quite inert to most reagents that attack responsible alcohols
because they lack the hydroxyl group of the chemical activity of these. They
are completely inert to bases or alkali, reducing and oxidizing agents.
3. LOS ALCOHOLES EN LA SALUD Y LA MEDICINA
El metanol (CH3OH) O Alcohol metlico, se encuentra en muchos disolventes
que se emplean como removedores de pintura y en lquidos duplicadores. Es
sumamente venenoso. Incluso si se ingiere en pequeas cantidades, el metanol
provoca dolor de cabeza fatiga, ceguera, coma o la muerte.
El etanol (CH3CH2OH) O alcohol etlico, uno de los productos qumicos ms
antiguos se emplea con frecuencia como disolvente de perfumes, barnices y
algunas medicinas, como la tintura de yodo. Se utiliza tambin como solucin
antisptica que contiene 70 % en volumen de etanol y 30% de agua para
preparar un rea de la piel a inyectar y para esterilizar el material. Es
bactericida porque coagula las protenas. Cuando se ingiere en pequeas
cantidades el etanol suele producir sensacin de cuforia en el organismo
aunque se trate de una sustancia depresora, al ingerir mayores cantidades de
etanol, se afecta la coordinacin mental y fsica. La dependencia del alcohol
provoca alucinaciones, afectaciones hepticas, gastritis y perturbaciones
psicolgicas. El etilenglicol se utiliza como anticongelante en sistemas de
enfriamiento y calentamiento es venenosos y provoca daos renales , coma y
la muerte , el glicerol es componente natural de las grasas y los aceites y el
mentol es un alcohol cclico que se emplea en pastillas para la garganta y
aerosoles
ABSTRACT :
3. ALCOHOL IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE
Methanol (CH3OH) or methyl alcohol is found in many solvents used as paint
strippers and duplicators liquids. It is extremely poisonous. Even if ingested in
small amounts, methanol causes headache, tiredness, blindness, coma or
death.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) or ethyl alcohol, one of the oldest chemical is often used
as a solvent for perfumes, varnishes and some drugs, such as iodine. It is also
used as an antiseptic solution containing 70% by volume of ethanol and 30%
water to prepare a skin area to be injected and to sterilize the material. It is
bactericidal proteins that coagulate. When ingested in small amounts usually
produce ethanol cuforia sensation in the body even if it is a depressant
substance, ingesting higher amounts of ethanol, the mental and physical
coordination are affected. Alcohol dependence causes hallucinations, liver
affectations, gastritis and psychological disturbances. Ethylene glycol is used
as antifreeze in cooling and heating systems is poisonous and causes kidney
damage, coma and death, glycerol is a natural component of fats and oils and
menthol is a cyclic alcohol is used in throat lozenges and aerosols
ABTSRACT: