Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
GRAMMAR
PRESENT OF VERB TO BE
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I AM yo soy YOU ARE t !"!s #E/S#E/ IT $$$ IS !% !s &E ARE nosot"os so'os YOU ARE (osot"os so)s T#EY ARE !%%os son
FORMA NEGATIVA
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
I AM NOT yo no soy AM I ? soy yo? YOU ARE NOT t no !"!s ARE YOU ? !"!s t ? #E/S#E/IT $$$ IS !% no !s IS/S#E/IT $$$ IT !s !%? &E ARE NOT nosot"os no so'os ARE &E ? so'os nosot"os ? YOU ARE NOT (osot"os no so)s ARE YOU ? so)s (osot"os ? T#EY ARE NOT !%%os no son ARE T#EY ? son !%%os ?
APOSTROP#E
POSESIVOS PLURALES
MY PARENT*S #OUSE
TAMBIEN #AY ALGUNOS NOMBRES +UE AUN+UE SE ESCRIBAN EN SINGULAR0 TIENEN SIGNIFICADO PLURAL$
POLICE$$$$$$$POLICIA ARMY$$$$$$$$$E,ERCITO
LA R SILENCIOSA
R + VOCAL = /R/................ CHILDREN R + CONSONANTE = /R/.... SURNAME R + NADA = /R/ .................. MOTHER
GO 1IR A2
DEPORTES O ACTIVIDADES
PLAY1,UGAR2
DEPORTES CON PERSONAS Y/O PELOTA
(TERMINACION EN ING)
AD,ETIVOS POSESIVOS
MY ............................ MI MIS YOUR......................... TU,SU (DE USTED O DE USTEDES) VUESTRO A OS AS HIS............................ SU,SUS,(DE EL) HER.......................... SU, SUS (DE ELLA) ITS........................... SU SUS (DE ELLO) OUR ......................... (NUESTRO,A,OS,AS THEIR.................... THEIR SU,SUS (DE ELLOS O DE ELLAS)
AD,ETIVOS DEMOSTRATIVOS
THIS........................ THAT..................... THESE.................. THOSE................. ESTE,A,O ESE,A,O, AQUEL,LLA,LLO ESTOS,AS ESOS,AS, AQUELLOS,AS
AD,ETIVOS INTERROGATIVOS
WHAT. ..................... QUE WHICH. ................... QUE (CUAL) WHOSE ................. DE QUIEN HOW MUCH. .............CUANTO HOW MANY ..............CUANTOS
EL AU5ILIAR 6DOES7
ESTE AU5ILIAR SOLO SE USA EN PREGUNTAS0NEGACIONES O RESPUESTAS CORTAS
! HE
DOES ! SHE
! IT
YES SHE DOES = SI WHAT SHE DOES = QUE HACE NO SHE DOESN"T = NO
ESTRUCTURA4
AU5ILIAR 3 SU,ETO 3INFINITIVO VERBO PPAL$
DOES 3 S#E 3 PLAY ?
ANTES DEL AU5ILIAR O DESPUES DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL SE PUEDE PONER PARA FORMAR LA ORACION LO +UE SE +UIERA 0PERO EL NUCLEO0NUNCA DEBE DE CAMBIAR WHERE DOES MARK LIVE =WHERE DOES HE LIVE =DONDE VIVE MARK WHAT DOES HE DO = QUE HACE (EN QUE TRABA#A ) SIN EMBARGO LA RESPUESTA SERA NORMAL 0PUES SERA AFIRMATIVA1SIEMPRE +UE NO SEA RESPUESTA CORTA +UE PODRIA LLEVAR EL AU5ILIAR DOES$ MARK LIVES IN BROADWAY. HE"S A #OURNALIST QUE HACE EL EN SU TIEMPO LIBRE = WHAT DOES HE DO IN HIS FREE TIME #UEGA AL TENIS =MARK PLAYS TENNIS CUANTOS COCHES TIENE TU PADRE = HOW MANY CARS DOES YOUR FATHER HAVE MY FATHER HAVE (S ) TWO CARS LE GUSTA A ELLA TRABA#AR = DOES SHE LIKE WORKING NO =NO SHE DOESN"T (DASSENT) TE GUSTA COMER SPAGHETTIS = DOES YOU EATING SPAGHETTIS LIKE
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
+ !st)ons 8)t9 : !st)ons 8o";s
WHAT IS HER SURNAME WHAT IS HIS #OB WHAT IS HER ADDRESS WHERE IS SHE FROM WHERE ARE YOU FROM WHERE ARE THEY FROM WHO IS #ENNIFER WHO IS SHE HOW OLD IS SHE HOW OLD ARE YOU HOW MUCH IS A COKE
<ns8!"s
#ANE SHE"S A POLICEMAN $%,CHURCH STREET PORTUGAL FRANCE SPAIN SHE"S #OHN"S DAUGHTER SHE"S #OHN"S DAUGHTER TWENTY&TWO TWENTY&TWO SI'TY PENCE
S9o"t Ans8!"s
YES,HE IS NO,SHE ISN"T YES IT IS NO I"M NOT /NO,WE AREN"T YES,THEY ARE
N!=<t)(!
I AM NOT FROM PARIS HE IS NOT FROM PARIS SHE IS NOT FROM PARIS IT IS NOT FROM PARIS WE ARE NOT FROM PARIS YOU ARE NOT FROM PARIS THEY ARE NOT FROM PARIS I"M NOT FROM PARIS HE ISN"T FROM PARIS SHE ISN"T FROM PARIS IT ISN"T FROM PARIS WE AREN"T FROM PARIS YOU AREN"T FROM PARIS THEY AREN"T FROM PARIS
Poss!ss)(! >S
MY HUSBAND"S NAME IS MARTIN THAT"S ANDREA"S, DICTIONARY
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
PRESENT SIMPLE 112 P"!s!nt s)'?%! 9!0s9!0)t
HE LIVES IN THE MOUNTAINS SHE LIVES IN THE MOUNTAINS IT LIVES IN THE MOUNTAINS
#AVE IS IRREGULAR
SHE HAS A DOG
N!=<t)(!
HE DOES NOT LIVE IN FRANCE = HE DOENS"T LIVE IN FRANCE SHE DOES NOT LIVE IN FRANCE = SHE DOESN"T LIVE IN FRANCE IT DOES NOT LIVE IN FRANCE = IT DOESN"T LIVE IN FRANCE
+ !st)ons
WHERE DOES HE LIVE WHERE DOES SHE LIVE WHERE DOES IT LIVE
S9o"ts <ns8!"s
YES. HE DOES NO, SHE DOESN"T. YES, IT DOES
ATENCION 4 EN EL PRESENTE SIMPLE POSITIVO A/ADIMOS S AL VERBO CON #E0S#E0 IT@ PERO NO CON I0 YOU0 &E Y T#EY$
N!=<t)(!
ATENCION4
I DON"T START AT (.$) YOU DON"T START AT (.$) WE DON"T START AT (.$) THEY DON"T START AT (.$) HE DOESN"T START AT (.$) SHE DOESN"T START AT (.$) IT DOESN"T START AT (.$)
CON I0YOU0&E0Y T#EY EL NEGATIVO ES DON*T 3 INFINITIVO$ CON #E0S#E0IT EL NEGATIVO ES DOESN*T 3 INFINITIVO
+ !st)ons
WHEN DO I START WHEN DO YOU START WHEN DO WE START WHEN DO THEY START WHEN DOES HE START WHEN DOES SHE START WHEN DOES IT START
ATENCION4
EL VERBO AU5ILIAR EN PREGUNTAS CON I0YOU0&E0Y T#EY ES DO@ CON #E0S#E0IT ES DOESN*T
S9o"t <ns8!"s
NO,I DON"T/ NO,WE DON"T YES ,THEY DO YES, HE DOES NO, SHE DOESN"T YES,IT DOES
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
ARTICLES INDETERMINADO
A/AN=UN/ UNA1SINGULAR2 SE USA PARA MENCIONAR UNA COSA POR PRIMERA VE. SHE HAS A FLAT IN LONDON CAN I HAVE A HAM SANDWICH SHE"S A NURSE (TRABA#OS)
DETERMINADO
T#E= EL0LA0LOS0LAS0 1PLURAL0SING$MAS$FEM$2 SE USA CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A UNA COSA YA MENCIONADA ANTERIORMENTE THE FLAT (=HER FLAT) IS VERY NICE THE HAM SANDWICH IS HORRIBLE THE TIMES (PERIODICOS) THE THAMES,THE SENA (RIOS)
NO ARTICLES
COSAS EN GENERAL
I HAVE... TEA AND TOAST FOR BREAKFAST ... BOOKS ARE E'PENSIVE I LIKE TALKING ... PHOTOGRAPHS DO YOU LIKE ... CHINESE FOOD
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
ADVERBS OF FRECUENCY )*
NEVER SOMETIMES
+)*
OFTEN USUALLY
,))*
ALWAYS
SOMETIMES AUSUALLY SE PUEDEN COLOCAR EN CUALQUIER SITIO DE LA FRASE ,AL PRINCIPIO,AL FINAL , O COMO LOS DEMAS,DELANTE DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL (NO DEL AU'ILIAR) . OFTEN0NEVER A AL&AYS SIEMPRE SE COLOCAN DELANTE DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL ( NO DEL AU'ILIAR) I NEVER
GO
TO
CINEMA
THEY DON"T (OFTEN/ALWAYS) EAT IN RESTAURANT"S CON NEVER,NUNCA SE PONE DON"T,PUESTO QUE NO SE PUEDEN PONER DOS NEGACIONES #UNTAS THEY NEVER EAT IN RESTAURANT"S
EVERY MORNING/EVENING.................. TODOS LOS DIAS /TODAS LAS NOCHES EVERY DAY................................................ CADA DIA EVERY FRIDAY.......................................... CADA VIERNES (ONCE) A WEEK........................................ UNA VE- A LA SEMANA (TWICE) A MONTH.................................... DOS VECES AL MES (THREE,FOUR,FIVE...) TIMES A YEAR...TRES,CUATRO,CINCO VECES AL A.O ABOUT ONCE A WEEK.............................. ALREDEDOR DE UNA VE- A LA SEMANA
PREPOSITIONS
RE&RITING A TE5T
K/012 W03425 04 67875/4/.B9: K/012 30;/4 05 N/< Y2=1 >/?794/ K/012 04 @7==0/A :2 75 A@/=0?75.K/012 04 7 05:/=8=/:/=.K/012 301/4 N/< Y2=1 >/?794/ N/< Y2=1 04 05:/=/4:05B,>9: K/012 C94>75A,W73:/=,A2/45": 301/ N/< Y2=1.W73:/= <75:4 :2 3/7;/ 75A 30;/ 05 :C/ ?295:=D. K/012 75A W73:/= C7;/ :<2 ?C03A=/5.W73:/= :C/ :<2 ?C03A=/5 75A :C/ :<2 ?C03A=/5"4 A2B 29: 2E :C/ ?0:D 05 W73:/="4 E=// :0@/.W73:/= 75A :C/ ?C03A=/5 B2 <73105B 05 49@@/= 75A 41005B 05 <05:/=,>9: K/012 A2/45": B2 <0:C W73:/= 75A :C/ ?C03A=/5 >/?794/ K/012 A2/45": C7;/ 75D E=// :0@/. K/012 W03425 04 67875/4/.B9: 4C/ 30;/4 05 N/< Y2=1 >/?794/ 4C/ 04 @7==0/A :2 75 A@/=0?75.SC/ 04 75 05:/=8=/:/=.SC/ L01/4 N/< Y2=1 >/?794/ 0: 04 05:/=/4:05B.>9: C/= C94>75A,W73:/= A2/45": 301/ 0: .C/ <75:4 :2 3/7;/ 75A 30;/ 05 :C/ ?295:=D. TC/D C7;/ :<2 ?C03A=/5.H/ :71/4 :C/@ 75A :C/0= A2B 29: 2E :C/ ?0:D 05 C04 E=// :0@/. TC/D B2 <73105B 05 49@@/= 75A 41005B 05 <05:/=.B9: 4C/ A2/45": B2 <C0:C :C/@ .>/?794/ 4C/ A2/45": C7;/ 75D E=// :0@/
DRIVES
EL VERBO
A CAR
EL OB#ETO DE DETRFS DEL VERBO
PRONOMBRES SU,ETO I YOU #E S#E IT &E T#EY YO TU EL ELLA ESTO NOSOTROS ELLOS
PRONOMBRES OB,ETOS ME MI YOU TU #IM SU DE EL #ER SU DE ELLA IT ESTO US NOSOTROS T#EM ELLOS
AD,ETIVOS POSESIVOS MY MIO YOUR TUYO #IS SUYO #ER SUYA ITS ESTOS OUR NUESTROS T#EIR SUYOS
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
UNITS 1 TO B 0 RESUME1I2
TO BE AFIRMATIVO I AM YOU ARE #E/S#E/IT/$$$IS &E ARE YOU ARE T#EY ARE NEGATIVO I AM NOT YOU ARE NOT #E/S#E/ IT &ERE ARE NOT YOU ARE NOT T#EY ARE NOT IS #E #OT? IS S#E #OT? IS IT #OT? CONTRAIDO I*M YOU*RE #E*S/S#E*S/ITS &E*RE YOU*RE T#EY*RE INTERROGATIVO AM I? ARE YOU? IS$$$#E/S#E/IT? ARE &E? ARE YOU? ARE T#EY?
NEG$CONTRAIDO I*M NOT YOUREN*T #E/S#E/IT$$$ISN*T &E AREN*T YOU AREN*T T#EY AREN*T YES #E IS NO S#E ISN*T NO IT ISN*T
EL AU5ILIAR DOES
SOLO SE USA EN PREGUNTAS0NEGACIONES O RESPUESTAS CORTAS AU5ILIAR 3 SU,ETO 3 VERBO PRINCIPAL &#ERE DOES MAR- LIVE? MAR- LIVES IN BROAD&AY &#AT DOES #E DO? #E*S A ,OURNALIST PREGUNTAS DOES #E? DOES S#E? DOES IT? NEGACIONES NO #E DOESN*T NO S#E DOESN*T NO IT DOESN*T RESPUESTAS CORTAS YES #E DO YES S#E DO YES IT DO
AD,ETIVOS
AD,$POSESIVOS MY YOUR #IS #ER IT*S OUR T#EIR AD,$DEMOSTRATIVOS AD,$INTERROGATIVOS &#AT? +UE? &IC#? CUAL? &#OSE? DE +UIEN? #O& MUC#? CUANTO? #O& MANY? CUANTOS?
MIO T#IS ESTE TUYO VUESTRO T#AT ESO SU 1MASC$2 T#ESE ESTOS SU 1FEM$2 T#OSE ESOS SU 1NEUTRO2 NUESTRO SUYOS 1MASC$ Y FEM2
LA R SILENCIOSA
R 3 VOCAL C SE PRONUNCIA R 3 CONSONANTE C NO SE PRONUNCIA R 3 NADA 1FINAL2 C NO SE PRONUNCIA
ARTICULOS
INDETERMINADO4 A/AN UN/UNA SINGULAR SE USA PARA MENCIONAR UNA COSA POR PRIMERA VE. DETERMINADO4T#E EL0LA0LOS0LAS 1PLURAL0SINGULAR0MASC$ Y FEMENINO2 SE USA CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A UNA COSA YA MENCIONADA$TAMBIEN LLEVAN T#E0 LOS PERIODICOS Y LOS RIOS$
NO ARTICULOS
NO LLEVAN ARTICULO LAS COSAS 6EN GENERALDLAS COMIDAS 0LOS LUGARES Y LOS TRANSPORTES I #AVE$$$TEA $$$BOO-S ARE E5PENSIVE I LI-E TA-ING $$$P#OTOGRAP#S DO YOU LI-E$$$C#INESE FOOD?
FORMA POSITIVA
T#ERE*S A SOFA 1T#ERE IS2 T#ERE ARE T&O BOO-S SINGULAR PLURAL
FORMA NEGATIVA
T#ERE ISN*T AN ARMC#AIR SINGULAR T#ERE ARENT ANY FLO&ERS PLURAL
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
IS T#ERE A TABLE ? ARE T#ERE ANY P#OTOS? SINGULAR PLURAL
S#ORT ANS&ERS
POSITIVO SINGULAR$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$YES0T#ERE IS POSITIVO PLURAL $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ YES0T#ERE ARE NEGATIVO SINGULAR$$$$$$$$$$$$$ NO0T#ERE ISN*T NEGATIVO PLURAL$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ NO T#ERE ARENT
SOME / ANY
ORACIONES AFIRMAT$ PLURALES SOME NUMEROS INDEFINIDOS ANY PREGUNTAS PLURALES ARE T#ERE ANY ? ARE ANY ? ORACIONES NEGATIV$ PLURALES
DIRECTIONS
E5CUSE ME 0IS T#ERE A BOO-S#OP $$$$ NEAR #ERE 0PLEASE ? &#ERE IS T#E BOO-S#OP ?
RESPUESTAS
&IT# PREPOSITIONS GO STRAIG#T ON$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$SIGA RECTO ON T#E LEFT$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ A LA I.+UIERDA ON T#E RIG#T$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ A LA DEREC#A TA-E T#E FIRS/SECOND$$$ STREET ON$$$$$$$$$$$TOME LA 1E0FE$$$$$CALLE A TURN LEFT$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$TUERCE A LA I.+UIERDA TURN RIG#T$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ TUERCE A LA DERERC#A GO PAST$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ PASAR DE LARGO TO CROSS$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ CRU.AR CROSSROADS$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ CRUCE DE CAMINOS ICE RIN-$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ PABELLON DE PATINA,E ROUND ABOUT$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ROTONDA
CAN/COULD
VB PODER Y SABER CAN$$$PRESENTE COULD$$$ PASADO
&AS /&ERE
CAN
FORMA AFIRMATIVA4
SU,ETO 3 CAN 3 VERBO PRINCIPAL
I CAN DANCE
FORMA NEGATIVA4
I0YOU0&E$$$3 CAN 3 CAN NOT CANNOT 13FORMAL2 3 VERBO EN INFINITIVO CAN*T 13INFORMAL2
FORMA INTERROGATIVA4
POSITIVO
1ERA2 I WAS YO FUI YO ESTUVE HE WAS EL FUE EL ESTUVO SHE WAS ELLA FUE ELLA ESTUVO IT WAS ESTO FUE ESTO ESTUVO WE WERE NOSOTROS FUIMOS NOSOTROS ESTUVIMOS YOU WERE TU FUISTE TU ESTUVISTE VOSOTROS FUISTEIS VOSOTROS ESTUVISTEIS THEY WERE ELLOS FUERON ELLOS ESTUVIERON
NEGATIVO
1ERA2 I WASN"T YO NO FUI YO NO ESTUVE HE WASN"T EL NO FUE EL NO ESTUVO SHE WASN"T ELLA NO FUE ELLA NO ESTUVO IT WASN"T ESTO NO FUE ESTO NO ESTUVO WE WEREN"T NOSOTROS NO FUIMOS NOSOTROS NO ESTUVIMOS YOU WEREN"T TU NO FUISTE TU NO ESTUVISTES VOSOTROS NO FUISTEIS VOSOTROS NO ESTUVISTEIS THEY WEREN"T ELLOS NO FUERON ELLOS NO ESTUVIERON
INTERROGATIVO
WAS I AT CINEMA FUI YO AL CINE WAS HE AT CINEMA FUE EL AL CINE WAS SHE AT CINEMA FUE ELLA AL CINE WERE WE AT CINEMA FUIMOS NOSOTROS AL CINE WERE YOU AT CINEMA FUISTEIS TU/VOSOTROS AL CINE WERE THEY AT CINEMA FUERON ELLOS AL CINE
S#ORT ANS&ERS
YES,SHE WAS NO, SHE WASN"T YES,THEY WERE NO, THEY WEREN"T
CAN
C COULD
POSITIVO EN PASADO
I COULD YO PUDE YOU COULD TU/VOSOTROS PUDISTEIS HE/SHE /IT COULD EL/ELLA/ESTO/ PUDO WE COULD NOSOTROS PUDIMOS THEY COULD ELLOS PUDIERON
NEGATIVO EN PASADO
I COULDN"T YO NO PUDE YOU COULDN"T TU/VOSOTROS NO PUDISTEIS HE/SHE/IT COULDN"T EL/ELLA/ESTO NO PUDO WE COULDN"T NOSOTROS NO PUDIMOS THEY COULDN"T ELLOS NO PUDIERON
INTERROGATIVO EN PASADO
COULD I COULD YOU COULD HE/SHE/IT COULD WE COULD THEY YO PUDE TU/VOSOTROS PUDISTEIS EL/ELLA/ESTO PUDO NOSOTROS PUDIMOS ELLOS PUDIERON
3 INFINITIVO SIN TO
PAST SIMPLE
EN LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES0NO #A Y NORMAS$ESTAN CONSTRUIDOS TAL Y COMO ESTAN Y #AY +UE APRENDERSELOS DE MEMORIA4 E,$COME CCAME BUY BOUG#T EL PASADO DE LOS IRREGULARES0TAL Y COMO PASABA CON LOS REGULARES 0ES IGUAL PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS$
DID
ES EL PASADO DE DO Y DOES DID YOU GO TO CINEMA YESTERDAY? YES 0I DID NO0I DIDN*T CUANDO ESTUDIABAMOS EL AU5ILIAR DO/ DOES0VEIAMOS +UE CUANDO ESTE LLEVABA S 1DOES 20 EL VERBO PRINCIPAL NO LA LLEVABA@ ASI PUES CON EL PASADO DE DO/DOESCDID0PASA IGUAL4 AL LLEVAR DID LA D0EL VERBO PRINCIPAL NO LA LLEVA
/T/
LOO-ED LI-ED FINIS#ED
/D/
DIED LOVED MOVED
/ID/
VISITED STARTED NEEDED
EL PRIMERO ES SORDO0EL SEGUNDO ES SONORO 0Y APENAS #AY DIFERENCIA@ PERO EL TERCERO /ID2 SI +UE #AY +UE #ACERLO NOTAR
E,EMPLOS4
DID YOU -NO& T#AT VINCENT VAN GOG# SOLD ONLY T&O OF #IS PAINTINGS &#ILE #E &AS ALIVE? #E DIDN*T SELL$$$ DID YOU -NO& T#AT T#E ACTRESS S#IRLEY TEMPLE &AS A MILLIONAIRE BEFORE S#E &AS TEN? S#E &ANS*T MILLIONAIRE$$$ DID YOU -NO& S#A-ESPEARE SPELLED #IS NAME IN ELEVEN DIFFERENT &AYS I DIDN*T -NO& T#AT S#A-ESPEARE$$$ DID YOU -NO& IN 1979 IT SNO&ED IN T#E SA#ARA DESERT? IT DIDN*T -NO& T#AT SNO&ED $$$$ DID YOU -NO& T#AT -ING LOUIS 5IV OF FRANCE #AD A BAT# ONLY T#REE TIMES IN #IS LIFE? #E DIDN*T #AVE MORE T#AN T#REE BAT#S $$$ DID YOU -NO& T#AT T#E AMERICAN PRESIDENT GEORGE &#AS#INGTON GRE& MARI,UANA IN #IS GARDEN? I DIDNHT -NO& T#AT$$$$
TIME E5PRESSIONS
IN MONT#S YEAR PART OF T#E DAY SEASONS CENTURIES DAYS DATES &EE-ENDS TIME &EE-ENDS NIG#T
ON
AT
NIMEROS ORDINALES4
T#E FIRST T#E SECOND T#E T#IRD T#E FOURT# T#E FIFT# T#E SI5T# T#E SEVENT# T#E EIG#T# T#E NINT# T#E ELEVENT# T#E T&ELFT T#E T#IRTEENT# T#E T&ENTIET# T#E FOURTIE# &ERE &#EN YOU BORN? EL JK$JB$199F T#E T#IRD OF APRIL NINETEEN NINETY T&O
I &OULDCI*;
I &OULD LI-E 1M E GUSTARLA2 I*; LI-E A DRINYOU*; LI-E A DRIN#E*; LI-E A DRINS#E*; LI-E A DRINIT*; LI-E A DRIN&E*; LI-E A DRINT#EY*; LI-E A DRIN-
NOMBRES INCONTABLES
SIN S FINAL SIN ARTICULO MASA Y LI+UIDOS CON S AL FINAL CON ARTICULO PUEDEN LLEVAR NIMERO
NOMBRES CONTABLES
SOME
EN FRASES AFIRMATIVAS CAN I #AVE? 1PETICIONES INTERROGATIVAS2 &OULD YOU LI-E? 1OFRECIMIENTOS INTERROG$2
ANY
EN PREGUNTAS Y FRASES NEGATIVAS EN FRASES NEGATIVAS 1E5C$PETICIONES E INTERROGACIONES +UE VAN CON SOME2 Y NOMBRES EN PLURAL
#O& MUC#? CON NOMBRES INCONTABLES 1CUANTO/CUANTA2 #O& MANY? CON NOMBRES CONTABLES 1CUANTOS CUANTAS2 CAN I? PUEDO YO?
COMPARATIVES AD,ECTIVES
FAST SMALL CLEAN SAFE +UIET OLD #ALT#Y FRIENDLY INTERESTING E5PENSIVE GOOD SLO& BIG DIRTY DANGEROUS NOISY MODERN/YOUNG UN#EALT#Y UNFRIENDLY BORING C#EAP BAD
1$ T#E CITY IS MORE E5PENSIVE T#AN T#E COUNTRY F$ T#E COUNTRY IS C#EAPER T#AN T#E CITY K$ T#E CITY IS NOISIER T#AN T#E COUNTRY B$ T#E COUNTRY IS SAFER T#AN T#E CITY M$ T#E CITY IS MORE INTERESTING T#AN T#E COUNTRY N$ T#E COUNTRY IS #EALT#IER T#AN T#E CITY 7$ T#E CITY IS BETTER T#AN T#E CITY
SOLO EN CASOS E5CEPCIONALES Y MUY COLO+UIALES0SE EMPLEA EL MORE 3 EL SUPERLATIVO 6ERD 1MORE BETTER2 $ NORMALMENTE SE USA UNO U OTRO$
MODIFICACIONES4
LOS TERMINADOS EN OE SOLO SE LES A/ADE OR Y OST PARA EL COMPARATIVO Y EL SUPERLATIVO4NICE NICER T#E NICEST LOS TERMINADOS EN OY PRECEDIDA DE CONSONANTE TRANSFORMAN LA Y GRIEGA EN I LATINA4DRY DRIER T#E DRIEST$ LOS TERMINADOS EN CONSONANTE SIMPLE PRECEDIDA DE UNA SOLA VOCAL DE SONIDO BREVE0DUPLICAN LA CONSONANTE4 BIG BIGGER T#E BIGGEST #OT #OTTER T#E #OTTEST T#IN T#INNER T#E T#INNEST ANTEPONIENDO AL POSITIVO LA PALABRA MORE 1MQS2 PARA EL COMPARATIVO Y T#E MOST1EL +UE MQS2 PARA EL SUPERLATIVO$ 1PARA AD,ETIVOS CON DOS O MAS SILABAS2 BORING MORE BORING T#E MOST BORING BEAUTIFUL MORE BEAUTIFUL T#E MOST BEAUTIFUL INTELLIGENTMORE INTELLIGENT T#E MOST BEAUTIFUL
IRREGULAR AD,ECTIVES GOOD BAD FAR BETTER &ORSE FART#ER T#E BEST T#E &ORST T#E FART#EST
#AVE GOT
1GOT INDICA POSESION2
POSITIVE
I #AVE A CAT YOU #AVE A CAT &E #AVE A CAT T#EY #AVE A CAT #E #AS A GARDEN S#E #AS A GARDEN IT #AS A A GARDEN
POSITIVE
I #AVE GOT A CAT 1I*VE2 YOU #AVE GOT A CAT 1YOU*VE2 &E #AVE GOT A CAT 1&E*VE2 T#EY #AVE GOT A CAT 1T#EY*VE2 #E #AS GOT A GARDEN 1#E*S2 S#E #AS GOT A GARDEN 1S#E*S2 IT #AS GOT A GARDEN1IT*S2
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
I DON*T #AVE A DOG I #AVEN*T GOT A DOG YOU DON*T #AVE A DOG YOU #AVEN*T GOT A DOG &E DON*T #AVE A DOG &E #AVEN*T GOT A DOG T#EY DON*T #AVR A DOG T#EY #AVEN*T GOT A DOG #E DOESN*T #AVE A GARAGE #E #ASN*T GOT A GARAGE S#E DOENS*T #AVE A GARAGE S#E #ASN*T GOT A GARAGE IT DOESN*T #AVE A GARAGE IT #ASN*T GOT A GARAGE
+UESTIONS
+UESTIONS
DO I #AVE ANY MONEY? #AVE I GOT ANY MONEY? DO YOU #AVE ANY MONEY? #AVE YOU GOT ANY MONEY? DO &E #AVE ANY MONEY? #AVE &E GOT ANY MONEY? DO T#EY #AVE ANY MONEY? #AVE T#EY GOT ANY MONEY? DOES #E #AVE A SISTER? #AS #E GOT A SISTER? DOES S#E #AVE A SISTER? #AS S#E GOT A SISTER? DOES #IT #AVE A SISTER? #AS IT GOT A SISTER?
S#ORT AN&SER
NO0I #AVENT YES0 I #AVE NO0S#E #ASN*T YES0S#E #AS
ANY
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS OFRECIMIENTOS Y FAVORES 1EN INTERROGATIVO2 ORACIONES CON EL VERBO EN NEGATIVO E,$T#ERE ISN*T ANYBODY
NO
EVERYBODY EVERY ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS EVERYT#ING EVERY&#ERE CUANDO EL VERBO FUNCIONA COMO SU,ETO0ESTE 1EL VERBO20VA EN SINGULAR Y EN TERCERA PERSONAD
DIRECTIONS 1F2
ALONG DO&N UP INTO OUT OF OVER PAST T#ROUG# UNDER A LO LARGO #ACIA ABA,O #ACIA ARRIBA #ACIA DENTRO #ACIA FUERA POR ENCIMA PASAR ,UNTO A ATRAVESAR POR DEBA,O DE
PRESENT CONTINOUS
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PRESENT CONTINOUS
S#E*S #AVING A SHOWER IN THE BATHROOM &E ARE EATING A SANDIWCH IN THE KITCHEN S#E*S &RITING TO HER MOTHER IN THE LIVING ROOM &E ARE MA-ING A TEA IN THE KITCHEN #E*S READING A BOOK IN THE LIVING ROOM T#EY ARE CLEANING THESE TEETH IN THE BATHROOM I*M LISTENING TO MUSIC IN THE LIVING ROOM T#EY PUTTING ON THE CLOTHES IN THE BEDROOM &E ARE PLAYING PING PONG IN THE BEDROOM #E*S &AS#ING THE PLATES (OR &AS#ING UP2 IN THE KITCHEN LISTENG PAT IS PLAYING THE PIANO T#EY ARE BUILDING A NEW HOTEL IN THE MOMENT LOOKG SOMEBODY IS S&IMMING IN THE RIVER YOU STANDING ON MY FOOT.OH I"M SORRY HURRY UPG T#E BUS IS COMMING WHERE ARE YOU,GEORGE IN THE KITCHEN. I*M COO-ING A MEAL HELLO.CAN I SPEAK TO ANN ,PLEASE S#E*S #AVING A SHOWER AT THE MOMENT,CAN YOU PHONE AGAIN LATER
AD,ETIVOS POSESIVOS 4
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E,EMPLOS
I*M GOING TO &ATC# T$V$ I*M NOT GOING TO &ATC# T$V$ I*M NOT GOING TO CATC# A BUS I*M NOT GOING TO EAT A RESTAURANT I*M NOT GOING TO MEET SOME FRIENDS I*M GOING TO COO- A MEAL I*M NOT GOING TO GO S#OPPING I*M GOING TO &AS# MY #AIR I*M GOING TO DO MY #OME&OR-
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