ENERGÍA

NUCLEAR
Camilo Cruz
Yojan Buitrago
Alberto Payares
Mariajosé Gómez
01
03
¿QUÉ ES LA
ENERGÍA
NUCLEAR?
La energía nuclear es la energía
contenida en el núcleo de un átomo. Los
átomos son las partículas más pequeñas
en que se puede dividirse un elemento
químico manteniendo sus propiedades.

Fuente:
FORMAS DE OBTENCIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA NUCLEAR

Fisión Nuclear Fusión Nuclear

La energía se libera
Los núcleos se
cuando los núcleos de
separan para
los átomos se
formar núcleos más
combinan o se
pequeños, liberando
fusionan entre sí para
energía.
formar un núcleo más
grande.

Fuente:
 02
HISTORIA
ENERGÍA NUCLEAR
 LINEA DEL TIEMPO
Siglo V a.d.c
Filósofo griego Demócrito
fue el primero en dar la
definición de átomo: “La
parte más pequeña que
comopone la materia”
Fuente:linea-del-tiempo-energía-
nuclear-prezi
1896
1803 Antoine Henri Becquerel
demostró que algunas
John Dalton afirmaba que sustancias como el uranio
los elementos se formaban producian raciaciones de
apartir de combinaciones origen desconocido y a este
de átomos y que todos los fenomeno lo llamo
átomos eran iguales RADIOACTIVIDAD
 LINEA DEL TIEMPO

1900
1897 Su conocida ecuación
revoluciono los futuros
Thompson anunció el
descubrimiento de una
1900 estudios de la física nuclear.

particula cargada
Max Planc formuló que la
negativamente a la cual
energía es emitida en
llamo ELECTRÓN
pequeñas unidades
También dedujo la relación
individuales conocidas
entre carga(e) y su masa(m)
como quantos

Fuente:linea-del-tiempo-energía-
nuclear-prezi
 LINEA DEL TIEMPO

1934
1913 1932 Jean Frédéric junto a su
esposa Irene Curie
James Chadwick descubrió iniciaron sus
Niels Bohr desarrolló una
el neutrón. Midió la masa investigaciones en el
hipótesis en la cual los
de la nueva particula campo de la física Nuclear
electrones estaban
deduciendo que era similar y buscando la estructura del
distribuidos en orbitas
el protón pero con carga átomo.
definidas o niveles
cuánticos a cierta distancia neutra.
del nucleo

Fuente:linea-del-tiempo-energía-
nuclear-prezi
 LINEA DEL TIEMPO
1938
Un equipo de investigadores
alemanes interpretaron el
fenómeno de la fisión
nuclear, a través de la
identificación del bario.
Fuente:linea-del-tiempo-energía-
nuclear-prezi
1950
Se llamó la fiebre nuclear
de los 50. Querian incluir el
átomo nuclear en todos los
campos .
Después de los 2000
Se siguió investigando y se
descubrió que sirve para
muchos campos de la
ingeniería, pero de la
misma manera se abandona
la idea por algunos riesgos
que esta causa.
 03
¿COMÓ SE
PRODUCE?
Parámetros de cálculo, teoría, principios que lo rigen
 04
LEGISLACIÓN
Nacional e Internacional
 REGLAMENTO
INTERNACIONAL
El organismo internacional de la energía atómica (OIEA) y la agencia internacional de energía
atómica (IAEA)generan numerosos tratados que contiene normas internacionales donde
los estados miembros se adaptan a dichos tratados que también sirven como base para
crear sus propias leyes nucleares.

Estados miembros
desde 1957-2023:
177 países
Dichos tratados se categorizan en:

1. seguridad nuclear tecnológica y física

 Realizada el 17 de junio de 1994, Conseguir y mantener un alto grado
de seguridad nuclear en todo el mundo, cuando proceda, la cooperación
técnica relacionada con la seguridad; Establecer y mantener defensas
eficaces en las instalaciones nucleares contra los potenciales riesgos
radiológicos a fin de proteger a las personas, a la sociedad y al medio
ambiente; y prevenir los accidentes con consecuencias radiológicas y
mitigar éstas en caso de que se produjesen.
2. Tratado sobre la No Proliferación de las Armas Nucleares
 Marzo de 1970, tratado donde se llega al acuerdo internacional de no
utilización nuclear como armas de guerra.
3. responsabilidad civil por daños nucleares
 Tiene como objetivo armonizar la legislación nacional de las Partes
Contratantes estableciendo algunas normas mínimas para brindar
protección financiera contra los daños resultantes de ciertos usos
pacíficos de la energía nuclear
 REGLAMENTO
NACIONAL
El Gobierno Nacional, mediante el
Decreto No. 0381 de 2012, le asigna al Ministerio de
Minas y Energía la competencia de adoptar la
política nacional en materia de energía nuclear y
materiales radiactivos. le fija la competencia de
atender los compromisos de salvaguardias
establecidos en acuerdos internacionales ratificados
por el país y mantener actualizado el sistema
nacional de contabilidad y registro de los materiales
nucleares y, además, promover el cumplimiento de
las normas y acuerdos internacionales en todos los
asuntos relacionados con los usos pacíficos de la
energía nuclear.
 REGLAMENTO BASICO NUCLEAR
COLOMBIANO

1. Resolución 180052 de enero 21 de 2008, donde se adopta el sistema de categorización de

fuentes radioactivas
2. Resolución 41226 de diciembre 16 de 2016, se establecen los requisitos y condiciones
mínimas que se deben cumplir para la obtención de los diferentes tipos de autorización,
para la protección radiológica y seguridad física de las instalaciones.
3. La Resolución 181419 de noviembre 4 de 2004, establece los requisitos y el procedimiento
para la expedición de la licencia de importación de todo tipo de material radiactivo
4. Resolución 180005 el 5 de enero de 2010, adoptando el reglamento para la gestión de los
desechos radiactivos en el territorio colombiano
5. Resolución 181289 del 6 de octubre de 2004, los requisitos establecidos para la obtención
de la licencia que permite prestar dicho servicio.
6. Resolución 181475, mediante la cual se establecen los requisitos para la obtención de las
licencias para: Operación, parada prolongada, modificación y desmantelamiento de este
tipo de instalaciones.
7. La Resolución 181682 de diciembre 9 de 2005, adopta el reglamento que deben cumplir
las personas naturales o jurídicas que, en cualquier calidad, participen en el transporte de
materiales radiactivos en Colombia.
05
03

BENEFICIOS
7 beneficios
2. Se obtiene demasiada
1. No genera emisiones de
energía con poco 3. Es planificable
gases
combustible

4. Costo de funcionamiento 6. Energía potente,

5. Medicina nuclear
bajo constante y estable

7. Casi inagotable
 06
¿COMÓ
INFLUYE?
LA SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL
 07
APLICACIÓN/
APROVECHAMIENTO

EN INGENIERÍA
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02
What is it? How does it work?
You can describe the topic of the You can describe the topic of the
section here section here

03 04
Radioactivity Uses
You can describe the topic of the You can describe the topic of the
section here section here
TABLE OF CONTENTS

What is it?
01 You can describe the topic of the section here

How does it work?

02 You can describe the topic of the section here

Radioactivity
03 You can describe the topic of the section here

Uses
04 You can describe the topic of the section here
 HOW NUCLEAR ENERGY WORKS

Nuclear fission

Mars Venus Saturn

Despite being red, Mars is Venus is the second planet Saturn is composed of
actually a very cold place from the Sun hydrogen and helium
HOW NUCLEAR ENERGY WORKS

Mars Venus
Despite being red, Mars is Venus has a beautiful name
actually a cold place. It’s and is the second planet
full of iron oxide dust from the Sun

Neptune Saturn
Neptune is the fourth-
Saturn is the second-largest
largest planet in the Solar
planet in the Solar System
System
 NUCLEAR FISSION

Neutron incident Fissile nuclei Splitting of nucleus

Mercury is the closest planet Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun from the Sun actually a very cold place

Fission product Fertile nuclei Other fissile nuclei

Jupiter is the biggest planet of Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest planet
them all hydrogen and helium from the Sun
 NUCLEAR FISSION

Jupiter Mercury Venus Mars

Product

Neutron

Nuclei
ATOM
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon
A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND
WORDS
 NUCLEAR ENERGY

Neptune Saturn Jupiter

Neptune is the farthest planet Saturn is composed of Jupiter is the biggest planet of
from the Sun hydrogen and helium them all

Mars Venus Mercury

Despite being red, Mars is Venus is the second planet Mercury is the closest planet
actually a very cold place from the Sun to the Sun
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
Mercury and the smallest of them all

Venus has a beautiful name and is the

Venus second planet from the Sun

Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold

Mars place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
 RADIOACTIVITY DANGER

Mercury Venus Jupiter Saturn

Despite being red, Venus is the Jupiter is the Saturn is a gas

Mars is a cold farthest planet biggest planet in giant and has
place from the Sun the Solar System several rings
 HISTORY
Event 1 Event 3 Event 5
Mercury is a very small Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet planet from the Sun cold place

1896 1911 1930 1932 1956 1992

Event 2 Event 4 Event 6

Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant with Neptune is far away
planet of them all several rings from Earth
 HISTORY

Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4 Event 5

Earth is the Venus is the Mercury is the Despite being Neptune is the
planet where we second planet smallest planet in red, it’s actually a farthest planet
all live from the Sun the System cold place from the Sun

1896 1911 1930 1932 1956

 NUCLEAR ENERGY PROCESSES

Step 1 Mercury Step 4 Jupiter

It’s the closest planet to the It’s the biggest planet of
Sun them all

Step 2 Mars Step 5 Pluto

Despite being red, it’s a It’s now considered a
cold place dwarf planet

Step 3 Venus Step 6 Neptune

It’s the second planet from It’s the farthest planet from
the Sun the Sun
NUCLEAR ENERGY PROCESSES
Mercury is the smallest planet in
Mercury the Solar System

Despite being red, Mars is

Mars actually a cold place

Jupiter is a gas giant and the

Jupiter biggest planet of them all

Neptune is the farthest planet

Neptune from the Sun

Earth is the only known planet

Earth to harbor life
RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY

Radiation
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

Radioactivity
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
 RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY

30% 100% 60%

Mercury Mars Jupiter

Mercury is the smallest Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter is the biggest planet in
planet in the Solar System actually a cold place the Solar System
 4.5 billion
years for half of the atoms in a mass of uranium 238 to
spontaneously disintegrate

24,000
years for half of the atoms in a mass of plutonium 239 to
spontaneously disintegrate

8
days for half-life of Iodine 131 ( associated with
diagnostic procedures and medicine)
 75% 1,000
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Venus has a beautiful name and is the
full of iron oxide dust second planet from the Sun

15,000 50%
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
and the smallest one planet in the Solar System
 37,000,000,000
A curie "Ci" is simply a shorthand way of writing "37,000,000,000
disintegrations per second," the rate of disintegration occurring in 1
gram of radium
A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCES
THE CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of
data, so remember: use an image
instead of a long text. Your
audience will appreciate it
 NUCLEAR CATASTROPHES

Pennsylvania (1979)
You can describe the topic of the
section here

Chernobyl (1986)
You can describe the topic of the
section here

Fukushima (2011)
You can describe the topic of the
section here
 NUCLEAR CATASTROPHES

Venus is the Neptune is the

second planet Venus Neptune farthest planet
from the Sun from the Sun

Jupiter is the Despite being

biggest planet of Jupiter Mars red, Mars is
them all actually cold

Saturn is a gas Mercury is the

giant with Saturn Mercury closest planet to
several rings the Sun
 BIGGEST NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

A A Venus
C
B Jupiter

B C Saturn
D
D Venus

E E Neptune
 NUCLEAR REACTORS IN THE WORLD
Nuclear reactors
1 US
104
0
1 France
59
0
1
19 UK
0
1
55 Japan
0
1
30 Russia
0
1
20 India
0
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new
one here. For more info, click here
 NUCLEAR REACTORS INCREASE

Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the
Solar System

Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant with several
rings

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new
one here. For more info, click here
 NUCLEAR REACTORS INCREASE

Nuclear reactors

Reactor 1 Reactor 2

Mercury is the Mars is actually a very Neptune is far from Venus has a beautiful
smallest planet cold place the Sun name
AWESOME
WORDS
USES OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

USES DESCRIPTION

Industrial Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun

Military Venus is the second planet from the Sun

Medical Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Food Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place

Agriculture Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium

Environment Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun

 RISKS OF RADIOACTIVITY

RISKS OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3

Venus is the second planet

Yes Yes No
from the Sun

Saturn is composed of
Yes No Yes
hydrogen and helium

Jupiter is the biggest planet

No No Yes
of them all
 USES OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

Jupiter Venus
It’s the biggest It has a very
planet of them all beautiful name

Mars Saturn
It’s actually a very It’s a gas giant, it
cold place has rings
 USES OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

Use 5
Use 4
Use 3
Use 2
Use 1
Despite being red, Jupiter is a gas giant Saturn is a gas giant Neptune is the
Venus is the second
Mars is actually a and also the biggest composed of farthest planet
planet from the Sun
cold place planet hydrogen from the Sun
 SUCCESS RATE

25% 55% 20%

Jupiter is the biggest planet Venus is the second planet Saturn is a gas giant and has
of them all from the Sun several rings
 SUCCESS RATE
Venus 35%
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the
Solar System

Mars 55%
Saturn is a gas giant with several
rings

Mercury 10%
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun Follow the link in the graph to modify its
data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
 NUCLEAR WASTE

Types 250,000
Medium, high and low tons distributed in 14
activity countries

Solution Destination
Deep Geological No precise and clear
Storage (DGS) destination
 NUCLEAR WASTE
Jupiter is the biggest planet
Jupiter of them all

Venus is the second planet

Venus from the Sun
Methods
Despite being red, Mars is
Mars a cold place

Saturn is a gas giant and

Saturn has several rings
 NUCLEAR WASTE PROCESS

Saturn Mars
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
01 02 Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place

Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
03 04 Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
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Mars Venus Mercury

Despite being red, Mars is Venus has a beautiful name Mercury is the closest
actually a cold place. It’s and is the second planet planet to the Sun and the
full of iron oxide dust from the Sun smallest of them all
PREMIUM ALTERNATIVE INFOGRAPHICS

Mars 25%
Despite being red, Mars
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Jupiter is the biggest
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Saturn is a gas giant and
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PREMIUM ALTERNATIVE INFOGRAPHICS

Saturn Mars
Saturn is a gas giant and Despite being red, Mars
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Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
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