Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
CANCER DE PROSTATA
Connie A. Rabanal C.
INEN
AUNA
Introducción
Se estima que uno de cada siete afroamericanos y uno de cada ocho caucásicos
desarrolla la enfermedad. Aunque el cáncer de próstata es más común en hombres
mayores de 65 años, se ha diagnosticado en hombres de hasta 40 años.
Los hombres con un PSA >1 ng/ml a los 40 años o >2 ng/ml a los 60 años tienen un
mayor riesgo de metástasis de cáncer de próstata o muerte por cáncer de próstata
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence
and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
INCIDENCIA CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA A NIVEL
MUNDIAL
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality
worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
INCIDENCIA CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA A NIVEL
MUNDIAL
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and
mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
MORTALIDAD CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA A NIVEL MUNDIAL
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for
36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
MORTALIDAD CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA A NIVEL MUNDIAL
Sexo masculino
• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence
and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
Cáncer en Latinoamérica
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and
mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
Cáncer en el Perú
Número de nuevos casos (2020), ambos sexos. Número de nuevos casos (2020), varones.
GLOBOCAN 2020
Cáncer en el Perú
GLOBOCAN 2020
DISTRIBUCIÓN POR ESTADIOS CLINICOS
Bratt, O., et al. Family History and Probability of Prostate Cancer, Differentiated by Risk Category: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Natl
Cancer Inst, 2016. 108.
Antecedente Familiar
Bratt, O., et al. Family History and Probability of Prostate Cancer, Differentiated by Risk Category: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Natl
Cancer Inst, 2016. 108.
Antecedente Hereditario
Estudio Genoma completo se observo hasta 100 Locis son contribuyentes para CaP
Amin Al Olama, A., et al. Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans.
Hum Mol Genet, 2015. 24: 5589.
Antecedente Hereditario
MetS se relaciona con CaP por alteraciones en la via de IFG-1, via de esteroides sexuales,
respuesta de los adipocitos.
Blanc-Lapierre, A., et al. Metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. BMC
Public Health, 2015. 15: 913.
Sindrome metabolico para CaP
Blanc-Lapierre, A., et al. Metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. BMC
Public Health, 2015. 15: 913.
Obesidad para CaP
Estudio de 8.120 pacientes, pacientes con Sobrepeso 50% y obesidad 20% (< o > 30 Kg/m2)
Edad > 63 años con obesidad OR > 1
Davies, N.M., et al. The effects of height and BMI on prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a Mendelian randomization study in 20,848
cases and 20,214 controls from the PRACTICAL consortium. Cancer Causes Control, 2015. 26: 1603.
Factores dieteticos para desarollar CaP
Zhao, J., et al. Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer, 2016. 16: 845.
Factores dieteticos para desarollar CaP
Consumo de café, prodcutos lacteos, omega 3, en exceso no tiene riesgo para CaP.
Licopenos no ha demostrado tener evidencia como protector.
Consumo de carneo roja no tiene relacion con CaP.
Consumo de Soya tiene riesgo reducido para CaP, pero riesgo para enfermedad avanzada .
Chen, X., et al. Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systcidomatic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 2021. 11: e038902.
Fisiopatología para CaP
~71%
49% Percentage of cases that harboured alterations in each
~32% pathway are shown in green
germline
exomes
Tumour
transcriptome
Current standard of care for the treatment of mCRPC
includes NHAs, which impact the AR pathway. There are no
Metastatic castration- currently approved targeted therapies impacting the other
resistant prostate cancer recognised signalling pathway defects associated with
Anti-androgen
treatments mCRPC
AR=androgen receptor; DDR=DNA damage response; mCRPC=metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; NHA=novel
hormonal agent; PI3K=Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; WNT=Wingless-related integration site
Ploussard, G., et al. Decreased accuracy of the prostate cancer EAU risk group classification in the era of imaging-guided diagnostic pathway: proposal for a new classification based on MRI-targeted biopsies and early oncologic
outcomes after surgery. World J Urol, 2020. 38: 2493.
Gleason(Donald Gleason 1974)
Epstein, J.I., et al. The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma: Definition of Grading Patterns and Proposal for a New Grading System.
Am J Surg Pathol, 2016. 40: 244.
Clinica de CaP
Examen digitorecal para CaP
Richie, J.P., et al. Effect of patient age on early detection of prostate cancer with serum prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination. Urology, 1993. 42: 365.
Antígeno prostático específico PSA
Una prueba de PSA repetida antes de las biopsias de próstata en hombres con un
PSA inicial de 3 a 10 ng/ml redujo la indicación de biopsias en el 16,8 % de los
hombres, mientras que en el ensayo STHLM3 no se detectó un grado ISUP > 1
en un 5,4 %.
Omri, N., et al. Association between PSA density and pathologically significant prostate cancer: The impact of prostate volume. Prostate, 2020. 80: 1444.
Densidad de PSA
1.Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1767e1777.
Tratamiento CaP
QUIRURGICO QUIMIOTERAPIA
BLOQUEO
RADIOTERAPIA HORMONAL
Tratamiento CaP
C. Parker1, E. Castro2, K. Fizazi3, A. Heidenreich4, P. Ost5, G. Procopio6, B. Tombal7 & S. Gillessen8,9,10, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Committee*
Conclusiones
Realizar e investigar factores de riesgo familiares, como del estilo de vida.