Química 2

2°Semestre de
Bachillerato
 Volumen molar
En el año 1811, el químico italiano Amedeo
Avogadro (1776-1856) propone una explicación
para la relación entre el número de moléculas de gas
y el volumen ocupado en ellas.
La hipotesis << Bajo las mismas condiciones de
presión y temperatura los gases ocupan el mismo
volumen y tienen el mismo número de moléculas.
 Características del mol

Las sustancias
También es Mol según el
pueden ser
llamado SI es la
moléculas y/o
número de cantidad
átomos
Avogadro particular de
una sustancia
La ley de Avogadro!
El volumen de un gas es
directamente
proporcional al número
de moles, bajo una
presión y una
temperatura constantes.
¿Cuáles son las propiedades de los gases que permiten el
cumplimiento de la ley de Avogadro?

0 0
1 2
Se adaptan a la Se dejan
forma y el comprimir
volumen del 0 fácilmente 0
recipiente que los
contiene
3 4
Se difunden Se dilatan
fácilmente fácilmente
Ley de la
conservación
de la materia
Antoine
Lauren
Lavoisier
(1743-1794)
MAYBE YOU NEED TO DIVIDE THE CONTENT

TYPE 1 TYPE 2
CELLS
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
CELLS
Venus has a beautiful name and
is the second planet from the
the Solar System-it’s only a bit Sun. It’s hot and has a very
larger than the Moon poisonous atmosphere
 Relaciones
estequiométricos
Estequiometria: proviene del griego
stocheinon=elemento y hitrein=medir
Es parte This
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establecer las relaciones
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 Relación de moles
Para dar cumplimiento a la ley de la
conservación de la materia, el cálculo se efectúa
en una ecuación química balanceada.
Si se conoce la cantidad de moléculas (moles)
que intervienen en una reacción química, se
puede establecer el número de moles de un
reactivo o producto de interés.
 Calculo mol-mol
Ejemplo:
De la siguiente reacción, indica la cantidad de
moles que se necesitan de cloro para hacer
reaccionar 3 moles de sodio al formar la sal de
mesa. Recuerda que el coeficiente numérico de
cada molécula indica la cantidad de moles.
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
 Calculo mol-mol
Solución: Se verifica que la ecuación esté
balanceada, se establece la cantidad de moléculas
o moles y además se identifican las especies a
considerar en el cálculo.
2Na + Cl2 ----------→ 2NaCl
2 mol Na ---- 1 mol Cl2 ----------- 2 mol NaCl
 Calculo mol-mol
Posteriormente se realiza el cálculo de los moles
de Cl2 usando 3 mol de Na:
2Na + Cl2 ------------→ 2NaCl
2 mol Na ---- 1 mol Cl2
3 mol Na ---- X
X = (3 mol Na)(1 mol Cl2 )/ 2 mol Na
X= 1.5 mol Cl2
https://www.uaeh.edu.mx/docencia/
P_Presentaciones/b_sahagun/2019/lgm-
quiminorganica.pdf
CHEMICAL REACTION SPEED
28 42 REACTVenus is the second planet
% % ION 1
from the Sun

REACTMercury is the closest

planet to the Sun
ION 2
REACTDespite being red, Mars is
30 a cold place, not hot
ION 3
%
CHEINFOGRAPHICS MAKE YOUR IDEA
MIC UNDERSTANDABLE…
AL
REA PHASE 1
Neptune is far away
CTIO from Earth

N
PHASE 2
Saturn is a gas giant
and has rings
CHANGES INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL REACTION

TEMPE
COLOR STATE RATUR
E
BEF 0.11 0.53 2
ORE
AFTE 95.2 9.4 1
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