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სითბური მოვლენები
სითბური მოვლენები
movlenebi
siTburi movlena
movlena, romlis drosac icvleba
mdgomareoba.
magaliTebi
muSaobis
Sesrulebisas misi
Sinagani energia
izrdeba.
Tu muSaobas
TviTon sxeuli
asrulebs, maSin
misi Sinagani
energia mcirdeba.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/energy-forms-an
d-changes/latest/energy-forms-and-changes_en.html
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/ht
ml/friction/latest/friction_en.html
Tbogadacemis saxeebi
kon e b a
v eqci mo sxiv
a ga
Tbogamtaroba
Tbogamtaroba
Tbogadacemis erTerTi saxe, rodesac nivTierebis
Semadgeneli nawilakebis moZraobisa da
urTierTqmedebis Sedegad energia ufro metad
gamTbari ubnidan gadaecema naklebad Tbils.
Tbogamtarobis meqanizmi
Tbogamtarobis erTerTi
saxe, roca energia
gadaaqvs siTxis an airis
nakads (Wavls).
konveqcia
Kkonveqciisas
nivTiereba
gadaadgildeba da
Tan gadaaqvs
energia.
K
Kkonveqcia
ver
SeiZleba
gaxorcieldes: gaxorcieldeba:
airebSi; vakuumSi;
Aafriani saTevzao navebi zRvaSi
RamiT gadian, diliT brundebian.
ratom?
gamosxiveba
mqise
gamosxiveba
zedapiri vercxlisferia da
priala
gamosxiveba
siTbos raodenoba
aRmniSvneli aso :Q
Q
1 jouli (1j)
Ggasazomi erTeuli :
siTbos raodenobis gaangariSeba
gaTboba
p (gaciveba)
r dnoba
o (gamyareba)
c orTqldqceva
e (kondensacia)
s
saTbobis wva
i
sxeulis gaTboba an gaciveba
(icvleba mxolod temperatura, ar icvleba
agregatuli mdgomareoba)
Q = cm(t2-t1)
gviCvenebs im siTbos raodenobas, romelic saWiroa
am nivTierebis 1 kg-is temperaturis 10 С – iT
Sesacvlelad.
aRmniSvneli aso: c
Ggasazomi erTeuli: j/kg.grad
t t+1
1 კგ 1 კგ
t t_1
1 კგ 1 კგ
nivTierebis sami agregatuli mdgomareoba
myari
Txevadi
airadi
myari
A myar sxeulSi atomebi da molekulebi irxevian
wonasworobis mdebareobis maxloblad;
A myari sxeulis atomebi da molekulebi ganlagebulia
mkacri wesrigiT, qmnian kristalur mesers;
M myari sxeulis nawilakebs Soris mizidva-ganzidvis
Zalebi mezobeli atomebis mxridan
gawonasworebulia.
or
Tq
ko
A
nd
la
dq
ba
en
ce
are
sa
a
va
cia
ob
Q
gam
dn
LA
DQ
sublimacia
myari airadi
desublimacia
e.i. nivTierebis agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvlis 6 procesi
arsebobs.
Ddnoba iwyeba mocemuli nivTierebisaTvis garkveul
tdnobisa = tgamyarebisa
(iZebneba cxrilidan).
Q=m
gviCvenebs im siTbos raodenobas, romelis
saWiroa 1 kg myari kristaluri nivTierebis
gasadnobad mudmiv dnobis temperaturaze.
aRmniSvneli aso :
myari Txevadi
t t
1 kg 1 kg
Txevadi myari
orTqladqceva
aorTqleba DduRili (mxolod
(nebismier duRilis
temperaturaze) temperatu-
raze)
t=690C t=850C
romel WiqaSi male amoSreba siTxe da
ratom?
haeris
nakadi
aorTqlebis siCqare damokidebulia 4
faqtorze.
esenia:
1. siTxis temperatura;
2. siTxis gvaroba;
orTqladqcevisaTvis saWiro siTbo
mudmiv duRilis temperaturaze
Q=Lm
an
Q=rm
gviCvenebs siTbos raodenobas, romelic
saWiroa duRilis temperaturaze 1 kg siTxis
orTqladqcevisaTvis.
aRmniSvneli aso : L an r
Q =q m
gviCvenebs, ra siTbo gamoiyofa 1 kg
saTbobis sruli dawvisas.
aRmniSvneli aso : q
Q mar gi
Qs r u l i
«wavikiTxoT grafiki»
t,o C
Д Е
tduR
В 4 М
С N
tdn. 2
1 К
3
А
t, dro
upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
• ra movlenebs gamoxatavs grafikis TiToeuli
ubani?
• romel ubnebze xdeba temperaturis mateba
da romelze kleba?
• romel ubnebze xdeba Sinagani energiis
mateba da romelze kleba?
• romel agregatul mdgomareobaSia
nivTiereba 1, 2, 3 da 4 wertilebSi?
•romel ubanze xdeba Sinagani energiis mateba
temperaturis cvlilebis gareSe?