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tPmb slbvhmUv/ h-f-s-c e-f-n-X-a-m-W-v. A-X-m-b-X-v Z-m-d-pÂ
\qdp²o³ \Sph®qÀ C-kv-e-ma- -p-w Z-m-d-p lÀ-_-p-w \-n-c-´-c-
a-m-b k-w-L-«-\-¯-n X-p-S-c-W-s-a-¶m- -
W-v A-h-c-p-s-S A-S-n-Ø-m-\-w. Z-m-d-pÂ

A- _-q-Z-_-n-b-n-s-e d-Ð-m³ A-¡-m-Z-a-n-b-n k-v-{-Sm- -än- -P-n-

I-v t-Xm- -«-v h-n-`m- -K-¯-n {-]-^-k-dm- -W-v t-U-m.t-P-m-
b t-l-h-mÀ-U-v. 17-m-f-w ]-p-k-vX-I-§Ä {-]k - -n-²-o-Ir- -X-a-m-
lÀ-_-v k-Ô-n-b-n-te - À-s-¸-S-m-¯ I-m-
e-t-¯-m-f-w C-u \-n-c-´-c k-w-L-«-\-w
A-\-n-h-m-c-y-hp- w- [-mÀ-a-n-I-a-m-b-n i-c-n-
b-n-«-p-ï-v. a-p-l-½-Z-v \-_-n-b-p-s-S b-p-²-§-sf - k-a-{-K-a-m-b-n b-p-a-mb - -n-c-p-¶-p. C-¡-m-c-W-¯-m-e-m-W-v
A-]-{-K-Y-\w- s-N-¿-p-¶ Z-n h-m-c-n-bÀ s-{] - -m^
- -ä-v F-¶ {-K-Ù- a-[-y-I-m-e D-e-a-m-A-v b-p-²-I-mc - -W-§-
a-m-W-v C-X-n A-h-km- -\-t-¯-X-v. b-p.s-I b-p-s-S h-n-Ã-y-w s-f h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.
c-m-P-I-p-a-m-c-\-S-¡-w \-n-c-h[ - -n c-m-{-ã-o-b-þ-s-s-k-\n- -I t-\-X-m- J-p-e^ - -m-D d-m-j-n-Z-p-IÄ-¡-v
¡Ä-¡-v D-]-t-Z-i-w \Â-I-n-b-n-«-p-ïv-. t-i-j-h-pw- C-k-vem- -a-n-I s-s-k-\-y-
§Ä P-n-l-m-Z-n-s-â a-q-e-y-§Ä a-p-d-p-
t-Nm- : b-p-²-s-¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å C-k-ve-ma - -n-s-â k-¦-Â-]-w s-I ]-n-S-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. C-k-ve-ma - -n-I N-c-n-
F-´-mW - v-? C-¶-s-¯ C-k-ve-m-a-n-I c-mP - y- -§Ä B N-«- {-X-w A-Ô-a-m-b {-I-q-c-X \-n-d-ª-t-X
¡-q-S-p-I-Ä ]-m-e-n-¡-p-¶-p-t-ïm- ? A-s-Ã-¦-n C-kv-e-m-a-n-I A-Ã. F-¦-n-e-p-w a-\-p-j-y³ A-]-qÀ-
N-c-n-{-X-¯-n C-X-v F-{-X-t-¯-m-f-w ]-m-e-n-¡-s-¸-«-n-cp- -¶-p? W-\-m-b-X-p-s-I-m-ï-p-w C-u b-p-²-\-n-
b-a-§Ä ]-e A-f-h-p-I-f-n-e-mb - -n e-w-
D: b-p-²-¯-n-t-\-m-S-p-Å C-k-ve-m-a-n-s-â k-a-o-]-\-w “AÂ L-n-¡-s-¸-«-X-pw- N-c-n-{-X-¯-n-e-p-ï-v.
P-n-l-m-Z-v” F-¶-m-W-v A-d-n-b-s-¸-S-p-¶-X-v. G-g-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-n-s-e C-k-ve-m-a-n-I IÀ-a-i-mk - -v{-X-t¯ - -m-S-v
A-t-d-_-y-b-n t-]-m-c-m-«-§-fp- -s-S A-\-n-h-m-c-y L-S-I-a-m-b-n- a-m-{-X-a-Ã-, P-\-o-h I¬-s-h³-j-\-n-se -
c-p-¶ a-m-\-k-n-I-hp- -w i-m-c-o-cn- -I-h-p-a-m-b {-]-b-X-v\-a-m-Wv- C-u \-nÀ-t-Z-i-§-t-f-m-S-p-w X-m-Z-m-ß-y-s-¸-S-m³
t-]c- -n-\-p-]-n-¶-nÂ. t-]m- c- -mf - -n-IÄ-¡-v A-hc- -h-cp- -sS- B-b-p-[-§- C-¶-s-¯ C-k-vem- -a-n-I c-m-P-y-§Ä
f-p-w `-£-W-h-p-w k-z-b-w I-s-ï-t-¯-ïX - -m-b-n-«-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. X-§-fp- -s-S s-s-k-\-n-I-t-cm- -Sv- \-nÀ-t-Z-
C-u `-£-W-§Ä ]-e-t-¸-m-g-p-w s-]-s-«-¶-v X-oÀ-¶-p-t-]-m-h-p-I- i-n-¡-p-¶-p-s-ï-¶ h-k-vX-p-X ]-¦-p-s-h-
b-p-w ]-«-n-W-n-b-n A-I-s-¸-S-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿Â ]-X-n-h-m-b-n-c-p- ¡-p-¶-X-n F-\n- -¡-v k-t-´-m-j-a-p-ï-v.
¶-p. ]-I-e-n D-d-§-p-I-b-p-w c-m-{-X-n Z-oÀ-L-b-m-{-X \-S-¯-p- A-t-X-k-a-b-w ISISs-\ t-]-m-ep- -Å X-o-
I-b-p-w s-N-t-¿-ï-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-hÀ-¡-v. s-]m- -Å-p-¶ N-q-S-n-e-pw- h-{-K-q-¸p- -IÄ A-h ]-m-en- -¡-p-¶-n-Ã
t-I-m-¨-p-¶ X-W-p-¸-n-e-p-w A-hÀ b-m-{-X s-N-b-vX-p. ]-X-n-·-S-§-v F-¶-X-n F-\-n-¡-v Z-p-x-J-a-p-ï-v. s-h-
t-i-jn- -b-p-Å i-{-X-p-hy- -q-l-¯-n-\-p a-p-¶-n P-o-h³ A-]-I- d-p-¸n- -s-â {-]-N-m-c-I-c-m-b A-hÀ A-X-n-
S-¯-n-e-m-¡-p-I h-s-c s-N-b-vX-p. C-X-v A-£-c-mÀ-Y-¯-n `-o-I-c-a-m-b c-o-X-n-bn-  B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I
{-]-b-X-v\-w X-s-¶-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-, A-d-_-n-b-n ]-d-b-p-t-¼-mÄ C-k-ve-m-a-n-I IÀ-a-i-m-k-v{-X-s-¯ D-Ã-w-
‘P-n-l-m-Z’. ]-s-£-, A-Ã-m-lp- -h-n-s-â a-mÀ-K-¯-n-e-p-Å t-]-m- L-n-¡p- -I-b-m-Wv-.
c-m-«-w \-_-n-X-§-tf - -m-S-v \-nÀ-t-Z-i-n-¡-s-¸-« I-m-c-y-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.
A-X-p-s-I-m-ï-p-X-s-¶-, b-p-²w- A-X-y-m-h-i-y-a-m-sW - -¶-v a-p-k-v t-N-m: a-p-k-ve-nw- -I-fp- -sS- I-o-g-S-¡-e-p-
e-n-w `-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n h-n-[n- -¨-mÂ-, F-Ã-m a-p-kv-e-n-w ]-p-c-p-j- IÄ h-e-n-b A-f-h-n-e-p-Å a-X-]-c-n-
·-mÀ-¡-pw- P-n-l-m-Z-v s-N-¿Â \-nÀ-_-Ô _-m-[-y-X-b-m-s-W-¶-v hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-\-v I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n-«-n-Ã
]-nÂ-I-m-e-¯-v h-¶ IÀ-a-i-m-k-v{-X ]-Þ-n-XÀ h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-n. F-¶-v X-m-¦s - -f-m-c-n-S-¯-v k-aÀ-Y-n-
k-v-{-X-o-IÄ-, I-p-«n- -IÄ-, h-r-²À-, A-w-K-]c - -n-a-n-XÀ-, ]-c-n-¡p- - ¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. F-¦n-  C-k-ve-m-a-n-I
]-ä-n-b t-k-\-mw- -K-§Ä-, i-{-Xp- ]-m-f-b-¯-n-s-e X-S-h-p-I-mÀ {-]-m-N-m-c-W-¯-n-s-â G-ä-h-pw- \-à H-cp-
X-p-S-§-n-b b-p-²-a-p-¶-W-n-b-n-en- -Ã-m¯ - H-c-m-f-p-w a-\-x-]-qÀ-h-w a-mÀ-K-a-m-b-mW
- v- b-p-²-s¯ - \-_n- -X-
D-¶-w s-h-¡-s-¸-S-c-p-s-X-¶v- C-k-ve-mw- D-d-¸-n-¨p- -]-d-b-p-¶-p. §Ä I-s-ï-s-X-¶-v F-´-p-s-I-mï - m- -
C-X-n-\-p-t-h-ï-n-b-p-Å \-n-b-a-§Ä D-e-am- -A-v h-n-I-k-n-¸-n-¨-n- W-v- X-m-¦Ä h-m-Zn- -¡-p-¶-X-v?
«-p-ï-v. ]-S-b-m-f-n-IÄ a-m-{-X-w G-äp- -a-p-«-p-¶-X-m-I-W-w b-p-²-w.
{-]-h-m-N-I-N-c-y-I-f-p-s-S A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-n-em- -W-v D-e-a-m-A-v C-u D: k-aq- -l-¯-n h-n-¹-h-m-ß-I a-m-ä-
\-n-b-a-\-nÀ-a-m-W-§Ä \-S-¯-n-b-n-«-p-Å-X-v. a-p-k-ve-n-w-IÄ G-X-v §Ä k-r-ã-n-¡-m-³ b-p-²-§Ä-s-I-m-
k-m-l-N-c-y-¯n- -e-mW - -v b-p-²-¯-n-\-n-d-t-§-ï-s-X-¶-v (C-u ï-v k-m-[-n-¡-p-s-a-¶-v \-_-n-X-§Ä-¡-v
k-w-l-n-X I-r-k-vX-y³ ]-m-c-¼-c-y-¯-n jus and Bellum \-à t-_-m-[-y-a-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶p- . A-X-p-
A-Y-h-m b-p-²-¯-n-s-â \-y-m-b-a-m-b I-m-c-W-§Ä F-¶ s-I-m-ï-m-W-v X-s-â ]-p-X-n-b c-m-{-ã-h-y-
t-]c - -n A-d-n-b-s-¸S- p- -¶-p-) D-e-a-mA- -v \-n-Ý-b-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã. h-Ø-s-b Ø-m-]n- -¡-m³ A-s-Xm- -c-p
]-I-c-w b-p-²-w B-c-w-`-n-¨-p I-g-n-ª-m ]-n-s-¶ {-]-[-m-\-a-mÀ-K-a-m-b-n k-z-o-I-c-n-¨X - -v.
A-s-X-§-s-\ \-o-X-n-]-c-a-m-b-n-«-v t-]-m-c-m-S-m-w X-sâ- t-i-j-w C-u c-m-ã-v{S- -h-y-h-Ø
F-¶-X-m-W-v NÀ-¨ s-N-¿-s¸ - -«-X-v. C-X-v h-n-N-n- B-Z-y-w H-c-p c-m-{-ãa- -m-b-p-w ]-n-¶-o-s-Sm- -c-p
{-X-a-mb- -n t-X-m-¶-p-s-a-¦-n-ep- -w C-X-n-s-e b-p-à-n k-m-{-a-m-P-y-a-m-b-p-w h-f-tc
- -ï-X-p-ï-m-b-n-
c-p-¶-p. \-_-n-b-p-s-S I-m-e-L-«-¯n-  a-X-]-c-n-hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-\-p X-p-e-y-a-m-b-n X-_-n-X-§Ä I-ï-n-
A-s-X-mc - -n-¡-e-p-w H-c-p c-m-{-ã-o-b-am- -b-n c-p-t-¶-m?
a-m-d-n-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. ]-n-X-r-]-c-¼-c-¡-p-w I-p-
S-p-w-_-_-Ô-¯-n-\-p-w ]-I-c-w a-X-]-c- D : \-_-n-X-§-f-p-s-S I-m-e-¯-v H-«-\-h-[-n G-I-s-s-Z-h h-n-
a-m-b A-k-vX-n-X-z-w A-w-K-X-z-¯-n-s-â i-z-m-k-n-IÄ A-t-d-_-y-b-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. P-q-X-·-m-c-p-w I-r-
A-S-n-Øm- -\-am- -b-n F-¶-s-X-m-gn- -¨-m k-v-X-y-m-\-n-I-f-p-s-a-Ã-m-w C-X-n-e-S-§-p-¶-p. _-lp- -ss - -Z-h-h-n-i-z-m-
H-c-p “h-n-im- -e-a-mb - t-K-m{- -X-w(super-tribe) k-n-I-t-f-m-S-v a-X-]-c-a-m-b I-m-c-y-§-f-n F-X-n-c-n-S-m³ C-hÀ
X-s-¶b - -m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-¡m- -e-¯-v C-k-v a-p-t-¶-m-«-p-h-c-m-¯X - -v s-I-m-ï-p-X-s¶ - C-h-s-c s-h-d-p-s-X-h-n-S-m³
e-m-w. a-p-k-ve-n-w-I-f-Ã-m-¯h - -s-c \-nÀ- A-h-c-p-w X-¿-m-dm- -b-n-c-p-¶-p. P-q-X-·-m-s-c-b-p-w {-I-n-k-vX-y-m\ - -n-
_-Ô-n-¸-n-¨-v C-k-ve-m-a-n-t-e-¡-v ]-c-n-h- I-s-f-b-p-w H-cÀ-°-¯-n X-s-â k-t-l-mZ- -c-a-X-Ø-c-m-b-n-
À-¯-\-w s-N-¿n- -¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-à «-m-W-v \-_-n-X-§Ä I-ï-Xv-. A-X-p-s-I-m-ï-v X-s¶ - A-hÀ
\-_-n-b-p-s-S D-Z-y-aw- ; C-X-v A-Sn- -t-¨Â- a-X-]-cn- -hÀ-¯-\-w \-S-¯-W-s-a-¶-v X-§Ä iT-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã.
]-n-¡-m³ b-p-²-w H-cp- a-m-[-y-aa - -m-bn- F-¶-m X-\-n-¡-v s-s-_-A-¯-v s-N-¿-W-sa - -¶-v iT-n-¡-p-¶-
X-§Ä k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-X-p-a-n-Ã. a-d-n-¨v-, a-p- t-X-m-sS- -m-¸-w-X-s-¶ A-h-c-p-s-S N-n-e h-n-i-z-m-k-s-s-h-Ie - -y-§-sf -
k-v-e-n-w-I-f-Ã-m-¯ t-K-m-{-X-¡-m-s-c X-s-â X-p-d-¶-p-I-m-W-n-¡-p-I-bp- w- s-N-bv- X-p ({-I-n-k-vX-y-m-\-n-I-f-p-s-S
c-m-j-v{-So- -b-m-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-\v- I-o-g-vs-]-S-p- “{-X-n-tb- -I-X-z-w” t-]-m-e-p-Å-h)- . A-h-c-p-s-S h-n-i-zm- -k-k-w-l-n-
¯-m³ X-§Ä b-p-²-s-¯ D-]-t-b-m-K-n- X-b-n-s-e N-n-e s-s-h-I-e-y-§-s-f D-bÀ-¯-n-¡-m-«-p-¶-X-v C-k-v
¨-p. a-p-k-ven- -a-m-b-n-t-«-m A-s-Ã-¦n- Â P-n- e-m-a-n-t-e-¡-v A-hÀ ]-c-n-hÀ-¯-\-w s-N-¿-W-s-a-¶-Xn- -t-\-m
k-v-b A-S-¡-p-¶ A-a-p-k-ve-n-a-m-bn- -t-«-m b-p-²-w a-p-t-J-\ A-hc - -p-s-S h-n-i-z-m-k-§Ä X-n-c-p-¯-s-¸-S-Ww-
s-s-_-A-¯-v s-N-b-vX-v X-s-â c-m-{-ã-o- F-¶-X-n-t-\-m s-X-fn- -h-Ã.
b-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-\-v I-o-g-n-Â P-o-h-n-¡-m-w.
t-Nm- : ]-c-s-¡ \-m-i-\-ã-§-f-p-ï-m¡ - p- -¶ H-c-m-b-p-[-a-m-b
t-N-m: \-_-n-b-p-w a-¡-b-n-se - _-l-p- a-n³-P-\-o-J-v IÀ-a-i-mk - -v{-X-¯-n F-§-s-\-b-m-W-v h-o-£n- -
s-s-Z-hm- c - -m-[-I-c-p-w X-½-n-e-p-Å ¡-s-¸-«-X-v? P-n-l-m-Z-p-I-f-n C-X-v h-y-m-]-I-am- -b-n D-]-t-b-m-
b-Y-mÀ-Y {-]-i-v\-w F-´-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p? K-n-¡-s-¸-«-n-c-p-¶t- -Ã-m?
A-h-b-p-s-S C-S-b-n X-s-¶ \-n-c-h-[n-
G-I-s-sZ- -h h-n-i-z-m-k-n-IÄ D-ï-m-b-n- D: A-¼-p-I-s-f-t-¸m- -s-e I-Ã-p-I-f-p-w a-ä-p-w h-n-t-£-]-n-¡-m³
c-p-¶-n-tà - ? F-´p- -sI - m- -ï-m-W-v A-h- D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ H-c-p B-b-p-[-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p a-n³-P-\-o-J-v
t-cm- -S-v C-hÀ b-p-²-w s-N-¿-m-X-n-c-p-¶- (trebuchet). s-sJ - -_À-, X-zm- -C-^-v D-]-t-c-m-[-§-f-n \-_n- -X-
X-v? c-m-{-ão- b - -]-c-am- b
- I-q-S-n-t-¨-c §Ä C-X-p-]-tb - -m-K-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. B-Z-y-t-¯-Xv- h-n-P-b-n-¡-p-I-
b-p-w c-ï-m-a-t-¯-X-v ]-c-m-P-b-s-¸-S-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-vX-p. C-X-v
]-c-s-¡ \-m-i-\-ã-§-fp- -ï-m-¡-p-¶-p-s-h-¶-X-v H-c-p a-n-¯-v
a-m-{-X-a-m-W-v. C-k-ve-m-a-n C-Xv- D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡Â \-n-t-c-m-[-n-
X-h-p-a-Ã. D-¶w- I-r-X-y-a-m-¡-m³ {-]-b-m-k-a-p-Å C-¯-c-w
B-b-p-[-§Ä h-f-s-c {-i-²-t-b-m-s-S-b-p-w I-c-p-X-t-e-m-s-S-bp- w-
a-m{- -X-ta- D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-m-h-q F-¶-X-v \-_-n-X-§-f-p-sS- {-]t- -X-y-I
\-nÀ-t-Z-i-a-m-W-v. t-]-m-c-m-f-n-I-f-Ã-m-¯-hÀ-¡-v B-I-k-van- -I-a-m-b-n-
apkvenwIfÃm¯hsc \nÀ t-]-m-e-p-w ]-c-n-¡-p-]-ä-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m³ {-]-t-X-y-I {-i-² t-h-W-w.
_Ôn¸n¨v Ckvemante¡v F-¶-m-Â t-I-m-«-h-m-X-n-e-p-IÄ X-IÀ-¡-p-I F-¶ e-£-y-
]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿n¡p ¯-n-e-m-W-v D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-s-¸-S-p-¶-s-X-¦-n A-X-n C-u
¶Xmbncp¶nà \_nbpsS [-mÀ-a-n-I a-q-e-y-§-f-p-s-S e-w-L-\-w h-c-p-¶-n-Ã-t-Ã-m. C-¯-
DZyaw; CXv ASnt¨Â]n c-w k-m-l-N-c-y-§-fn-  C-h D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-mw- . C-k-ve-m-an- -I
¡m³ bp²w Hcp am[yaam s-s-k-\-n-I a-p-t-¶-ä-§-f-p-s-S N-c-n-{-X-¯-nÂ-, t-I-m-«-I-f-p-s-S
bn X§Ä kzoIcn¨XpanÃ. D-]-t-c-m[ - -¯n-  a-n³-P-\-o-J-v D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡Â A-X-y-m-h-
adn¨v, apkvenwIfÃm¯ i-y-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. t-]-m-c-m-f-n-I-f-Ã-m-¯-hÀ H-c-n-¡-ep- w- D-¶w-
tKm{X¡msc Xsâ cmjv s-h-¡-s-¸-S-cp- -s-X-¶ D-]-m-[-n-t-b-m-s-S D-e-a-m-A-v F-Ã-m I-m-
{Sobm[nImc¯n\v Iogvs] e-¯-p-w C-X-v A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v.
Sp¯m³ X§Ä bp²s¯
D]tbmKn¨p. apkvenambnt«m t-N-m: B-[-p-\-n-I b-p-²-t-]-m-c-m-«h - -p-w ]-qÀ-hm- [ - -p-\-n-I b-p-
Asæn Pnkvb AS - p- -w F-§-s-\-b-m-W-v h-y-X-y-m-k-s-¸-Sp- -¶-X-v?
²-t-]m- -c-m-«h
¡p¶ Aapkvenambnt«m ]-qÀ-h-m-[-p-\-n-I b-p-²-w c-q-]-s-¸-«-p-hc - -p-¶-Xn- -s-â N-p-h-S-p-
ss_A¯v sNbvXv Xsâ IÄ F-s´ - -m-s-¡-bm- W- -v? t-\-c-s-¯ {-]-J-y-m-]n- -¡-s-¸-
cm{ãob[nImc¯n\v Iogn «-n-«-m-t-W-m A-tX - -m B-I-k-va-n-Ia- m- b
- -m-t-W-m b-p-²-§Ä
Pohn¡mw. \-S-¶-n-c-p-¶-X-v?

16 \hw_À 2022 amknI

D: B-[-p-\n- -I-b-p-²-h-p-w ]-qÀ-h-m-[p- -\-n-I b-p-²-h-p-w H-t-c
{-]-{-I-n-b-I-f-m-W-v DÄ-s-I-m-Å-p-¶-X-v. X-s-â ]-£-¯-p-Å-h-s-c
k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-¶-t-X-m-s-Sm- -¸w- F-X-nÀ-]-£-s-¯ ]-c-am- -h-[-n
i-{-Xp- -¡-s-f s-I-m-Ã-p-I-s-b-¶-Xm- -W-v A-¶-p-w C-¶-p-w X-p-SÀ-
¶-p -h-c-p-¶ c-o-X-n. C-u {-]-{-I-n-b-I-f-n a-m-ä-w h-¶-n-«-n-s-Ã-
¦-n-e-pw- D-]-tb - -m-K-n-¡-p-¶ B-b-p-[-§-f-n h-f-s-c h-e-n-b B[p\nIbp²hpw ]qÀhm
a-m-ä-§-f-p-ï-v. C-¶-s-¯ B-b-p-[-§Ä a-m-c-I {-]-l-c-t-i- [p\nI bp²hpw Htc {]{In
j-n-b-p-Å-h-b-m-W-v. \-n-a-n-j-§Ä-¡-p-Å-n B-b-n-c-¡-W-¡-n- bIfmWv DÄsImÅp¶Xv.
\-m-fp- -I-s-f s-I-m-s-¶-m-S-p-¡-m³ C-X-p-s-I-m-ï-v k-m-[-n-¡-p-w. Xsâ ]£¯pÅhsc
Z-p-x-J-I-c-s-a-t-¶-m-W-w-, 20-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-p-a-p-XÂ t-]m- -c-m-fn- -I-t-f- kwc£n¡p¶tXmsSm¸w
¡-mÄ I-q-S-p-X t-]-m-c-mf - -n-I-f-Ã-m-¯-h-c-m-W-v b-p-²-§-f-n FXnÀ]£s¯ ]camh[n
s-I-m-Ã-s-¸-S-p-¶-X-v. ]-m-c-¼-c-y C-k-vem- -a-n-I IÀ-a-i-m-k-v{-X- i{Xp¡sf sImÃpIsb
¯-n-\-v A-\-y-a-m-b H-¶-m-W-n-X-v. t-]-m-c-mf - -n-I-f-Ã-m-¯-hÀ b-p- ¶XmWv A¶pw C¶pw
²-¯-n-s-â b-m-s-X-m-c-p s-I-m-S-p-Xn- -b-p-w t-\-cn- -S-cp- -s-X-¶-X-n XpSÀ¶p hcp¶ coXn. Cu
C-k-ve-m-a-n-I IÀ-a-i-m-k-v{-X-w h-f-sc - IÀ-i-\-a-mW - -v. A-hÀ {]{InbIfn amäw h¶n«n
H-c-p \-n-e-¡-p-w D-¶-w s-h-¡-s¸ - -S-c-p-X-v. sænepw D]tbmKn¡p¶
I-_-fn- -¸-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ïp- -Å s-s-k-\-n-I \-o-¡w- -, X-{-´- Bbp[§fn hfsc henb
]-c-a-m-b N-e\ - -§Ä B-I-k-va-n-I-a-m-b B-{-I-a-W-§Ä: amä§fp@v. C¶s¯
F-Ã-m-w {-]-h-m-N-I-s-â b-p-² \-o-¡-§-f-p-sS- `-m-K-a-m-b-n-c-p- Bbp[§Ä amcI {]lc
¶-p. C-c-p `-m-K-¯-p-w G-ä-hp- w- I-p-d-h-v A-X-y-m-ln- -X-§-tf - -m - tijnbpÅhbmWv.
s-S i-{-X-p-h-n-s-\ ]-c-m-P-b-s-¸-Sp- -¯-n b-p-²w- P-b-n-¡-m-\-p-Å
{-]-hm- -N-I-s-â X-{-´-am-- -b-n-c-p-¶p- A-X-v. X-s-â i-{-X-p-]-£-¯-p-
Å-hÀ t-]-m-ep- -w s-I-mà - -s-¸-S-p-¶-X-n-s-â F-®-w K-W-y-a-m-bn- H-g-n-h-m¡
- -p-¶-Xn- -\-v D-]-I-c-n-¡-p-s-a-¶-v
I-p-d-¡m- ³ {-]-h-mN - -I³ P-m-{-K-X ]-p-eÀ-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-X-p- {-]-h-m-N-I³ {-]-X-y-m-i-n-¨p- . i-{-X-p-¡-s-f
s-I-m-ï-p-Xs - -¶ {-]-h-m-N-I-s-â b-p-²-§Ä h-f-s-c I-p-d-¨-v C-k-ve-m-a-n-t-e-¡-v £-Wn- -¡-p-¶ C-u
A-X-y-m-ln- -X-§Ä a-m-{X - -t-a h-c-p-¯-n-s-h-¨-n-«p- -Å-q. A-h-k-m- c-o-X-n C-¶-p-w ^-n-J-vl-n-s-â `-mK - -am- W
- -v.
\-I-m-e-¯-v H-u-t-Z-y-m-Kn- -I b-p-²-{-]-J-y-m-]-\-h-p-w {-]h - m- -N-I³ C-u £-Ww- \-S-¯-p-¶ C-St- -h-f-b-nÂ
\-S-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. i-{X - -p-h-n-t-\-m-Sv- C-k-ve-m-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ b-p-²-¯-n-s-â k-z-I-m-c-y-X \-ã-s-¸-S-p-¶
B-h-i-y-s-¸-S-e-mW - v- B-Z-y L-«-w. A-X-v \-n-c-k-n-¨-m k-m-l-N-c-y-§Ä D-ï-m-h-p-I-b-m-s-W-
X-s-â c-m-{-ã-m-[-n-I-m-c-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ B-h-i-y-s¸ - -S-p-w. ¦-n A-h-n-s-S IÀ-a-i-mk - -v{-X C-f-hp- -
C-u c-o-X-n- ]-n-´-p-S-c-p-¶-X-v A-\-m-h-iy- t-N-m-c-N-n-´-e-p-IÄ I-f-p-ï-v.

amknI \hw_À 2022 17

 D: B-b-n-c-t-¯-m-f-w hÀ-j-a-m-b-n ]-c-n-i-p-² {-]-hm- -N-I-s-\
a-p-gp- -h³ {-I-n-k-vX-y-m-\-n-I-f-p-w C-X-c A-a-p-k-ven- w- -I-f-p-w
]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-n a-\-Ê-n-em- -¡p- -I-tb - -m C-ã-s-¸-S-p-I-t-b-m s-N-
b-v-X-n-«-n-Ã. A-X-p-s-I-m-ïp- -X-s-¶-, Ú-m-t-\-m-Z-b N-n-´-IÀ
X-§-fp- -s-S a-p³-K-m-a-n-I-f-p-s-S A-t-X h-o-£-W-w ]-¦-p-s-h-
¨-p-h-¶-X-n A-Û-p-X-s-¸-S-m-s-\m- -¶-p-an- -Ã. X-s-â a-X-¡-mÀ
a-äp- -Å-h-s-c A-X-n-P-b-n-¡-W-s-a-¶ A-a-n-Xa- -m-b X-m-Â-]-c-y-w
(triumphalism) F-Ã-m a-X§ - -f-p-s-S N-c-n-{X
- -¯-n-e-pw- I-m-W-m-w.
{-I-n-k-vX-p-a-X-¯-n-e-p-ÅX - -p-t-]-m-s-e C-X-v a-p-kv-e-n-w-I-f-n-e-pw-
D-s-ï-¶-v ]-d-b-m-s-X h-¿. a-äp- ]-m-c-¼-c-y-§-s-fb - -pw- h-y-à-n-
X-z-§-s-f-b-pw- A-h-a-Xn- -¨-v X-sâ - a-X-s-¯ A-´-a-n-Ã-m-s-X
]-p-I-g-v¯-p-¶ a-p-k-ve-n-w-I-s-f F-\-n-¡-d-n-b-m-w. C-X-v B-c-v
s-N-¿-p-¶-X-m-s-W-¦-n-e-p-w s-X-ä-p-X-s-¶-b-m-W-v. C-¶-v A-ap- -k-v
e-nw- -I-f-m-b ]-e-c-p-w {-]-hm- -N-I-s-\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v I-q-S-p-XÂ a-\-Ê-n-
e-m-¡-n-¯p- -S-§-n-b-n-«p- -ï-v. A-X-p-e-y-am- -b [-mÀ-a-n-I P-o-h-n-X-w
\-b-n-¨ {-]h - -m-N-I³ N-c-n-{-X-¯n- -s-e A-X-n-h-n-i-n-ã-a-m-b H-c-p
h-y-à-n-X-z-am- -s-W-¶-p-w B P-o-h-n-Xw- ]T-\-hn- -t-[-b-a-m-t¡ - -
ï-X-m-s-W-¶-p-w A-hÀ X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-¶-p.

t-N-m: s-h-S-n-a-c-p-¶-v G-X-p-c-o-Xn- -b-n-e-m-W-v a-p-k-ve-n-w k-a-q-l-

§-f-n k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-s-¸-«-n-c-p-¶-X-v. “X-o D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¨-p-Å
t-N-m: t-h-mÄ-s-«-b-d-n-s-\ t-]-m-t-e-m-¯ s-I-m-Ô F-¶-X-v H-c-p ]-Þ-n-X k-w-h-m-Z-¯-n-\-v h-g-n-s-h-
Ú-m-t-\m- -Z-b N-n-´-IÀ F-´-p-s-Im- - - -m? D-k-va-m-\-n-, a-p-KÄ X-p-S-§-n-b k-m-{a
¨-n-c-p-t¶ - -mP- -y-§-f-n-
ï-m-W-v {-]-h-m-N-I-s-\ a-X-{-`m- -´-s-\- s-e b-Ym- À-Y b-p-²-X-{´ - -§Ä F-s-´-m-s-¡-b-mb - -n-c-p-¶-p?
¶-p-w b-p-²-s-¡-m-X-n-b-s-\-¶-pw- h-n-
f-n-¡-p-¶-X-v? A-hÀ-¡-v a-[-y-I-m-e D: s-h-Sn- -a-c-p-¶-v h-f-s-c s-]-s-«-¶-v a-p-k-ve-n-w k-m-{-a-m-P-y-§-f-p-
b-p-²-c-o-X-n-IÄ A-d-n-b-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p- s-S b-p-² k-¶m- -l-§-fp- -sS- `-m-K-a-m-b-n-¯-oÀ-¶-n-cp- -¶-p. 13þ14
t-¶-m? A-t-X-m a-\-x-]-qÀ-h-a-m-b A-]- \-q-ä-m-ï-p-I-f-n-se - B-Zy- -I-m-e D-kv-a-m-\-n J-e-o-^-a-mÀ h-e-n-b
I-oÀ-¯-n h-c-p-¯-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-t-¶-m? A-f-h-n s-h-S-n-a-c-p-¶-v D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w X-p-SÀ-¨-b-mb -
h-n-P-b-§Ä t-\-S-p-I-b-pw- s-N-b-vX-n-cp- -¶-p. {-I-n-kv-X-y³ t-Xm- -
¡-p-I-¨h - -S-¡-m-c-nÂ-\n- -¶-v h-m-§-n-b ]-o-c-¦-n t-X-m-¡-p-IÄ
k-pÂ-¯-m³ a-p-l-½-Z-v c-ï-m-a³ t-I-m¬-kv-ä-mâ-n-t-\-m-¸-nÄ
I-o-g-S-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¨-X-v C-X-n-\-p-Z-m-l-c-W-a-m-W-v.
b-p-²-¯-n-s-â I-À-a-i-m-k-v{-X-¯-n C-u s-h-S-n-a-c-p-¶-v h-n-¹-
h-I-c-a-m-b a-m-ä-§-s-f-m-¶-p-ap- -ï-m-¡-n-bn- -«-n-Ã. A-X-y-´n- -I-a-m-
b-n-, A-¼-p-I-f-p-w I-p-´-§f - -p-w ]-o-c-¦-n-I-f-p-w s-N-b-vX-n-c-p-¶
i-{-X-p-]-£-s-¯ s-sk - \ - -n-I-s-c s-I-m-Ã-p-I F-¶ [À-a-w a-m-
shSnacp¶v hfsc s]s«¶v {-X-a-m-W-v s-h-S-n-a-c-p-¶-p-w \-nÀ-h-l-n-¨-X-v. I-q-S-p-X ^-e-{-]-Z-
apkvenw km{amPy§fpsS a-m-b-p-w A-I-e-w ]-m-e-n-¨-p-w t-h-K-X-t-b-m-s-S C-h-¡-v A-{-I-
bp² k¶ml§fpsS `mK a-n-¡m- ³ k-m[ - -n-¡-p-¶-p. A-X-p-s-I-m-ï-p-X-s¶ - B h-n-Z-y
ambn¯oÀ¶ncp¶p. 13þ14 a-p-k-ve-n-w-IÄ h-i-s¸ - -S-p-¯-n-b-n-s-Ã-¦n-  s-h-S-n-a-c-p-¶-p-Å
\qäm@pIfnse BZyIme i-{-Xp-- -h-n-s\
- b-p-²-¯-n t-\-c-n-S-m³ a-p-k-ve-n-w t-k\ - -¡-v
Dkvam\n Jeo^amÀ henb H-c-p-\-n-e-¡-p-w k-m-[-n-¡-m-s-X h-c-p-w. t-]-m-cm- -f-n-I-f-Ã-m-¯-hÀ
Afhn shSnacp¶v D] s-I-m-Ã-s-¸S- -m\ - -p-Å a-n-I-¨ k-m-[-y-X \-n-e-\n- Â-¡p- -¶-p-s-ï-
tbmKn¡pIbpw XpSÀ¨ ¦-n b-Ym- À-Y t-]-m-c-m-f-n-IÄ-s¡ - -X-n-s-c-t-]-m-e-p-w A-h D-]-
bmb hnPb§Ä t\SpIbpw t-b-m-K-n-¡-m³ ]-m-Sn- -Ã. 1400 hÀ-j-a-m-b-n \-n-c-]-c-m-[-n-I-f-p-s-S
sNbvXncp¶p. {InkvXy³ k-p-c-£ D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-p-¶-Xn- Â C-k-ve-m-w A-X-o-h-P-m-{-K-X
tXm¡pI¨hS¡mcnÂ\n ]-p-eÀ-¯-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.
¶v hm§nb ]oc¦n tXm¡p
IÄ kp¯m³ apl½Zv
c@ma³ tIm¬kvämân
t\m¸nÄ IogS¡p¶Xn\v
D]tbmKn¨Xv CXn\pZmlc
WamWv.

18 \hw_À 2022 amknI