PMNS@XRNFDF \@XPDMD KIR DMF@R

CDBPKVDF F@ NMG@MN@XN
NMG@MN@XND
D
@RBP@KD \XIC@RNIMDK NMG@MN@XND BNSNK

NMCIXE@ M¼<<4- CN-P\KD- NMRVDKDBNIM@R @M @FNCNBDBNIM@R

FNXNGNFI D? NMG. O@DMM@KK@ RICND J@XX@XD EIMV@R

Fib`mt` f`k bursi f` Nmstdkdbnim`s `m `fncnbdbnim`s, f`k miv`mi bnbki f`

kd bdrr`rd pric`snimdk f` Nmg`mn`råd Bnvnk.

F@

Dkuemis f`k bursi f` Nmstdkdbnim`s `m `fncnbdbnim`s

DRPMVI? RNRV@EDR BIMVXD NMB@MFNIR

C@BJD ? 83 f` Oukni f`k 8<8<.

V`m`eis `k dgrdfi f` fnrngnrmis d Pf. pdrd sdkufdrki birfndke`mt` y d kd v`z

r`entnrk` dfoumti `k trdhdoi f` ‛Rnst`eds bimtrd nmb`mfnis―. @s budmti t`m`eis qu`
nmciredr d Pf. @m jimir d kd v`rfdf pdrd su bimibnen`mti y f`eäs cnm`s qu` `stne`
bimv`mn`mt`.

Dtîmtde`?

Bieÿm E`mfizd, Ximdk Bjubi Brnspåm Rd`z,Kuns Ämg`k

@bj`vdrrnd,G`rsim

Fdgd Vdburn, ^dmnrd @sbihdr _deird, Mdtdkn Xdeis Durns, Oudm Oisî

NMRVDKDBNIM@R
NMRVDKDBNIM@R @M @FNCNBDBNIM@R
@FNCNBDBNIM@R 4
 NMVXIFPBBNIM

Kiss nm
Ki nmb`
b`mf
mfni
niss sim umd f` kds
kds ed
edyi
yir`
r`ss bd
bdtäs
tästri
tric`s
c`s mdturdk`s y `m eubjis
eubjis bdsis sim
privibdf
privibdfis
is pir `k jiehr`. Kds bims`bu`mb
bims`bu`mbnds
nds f` um nmb`mfni
nmb`mfni s` r`sue`m `m umd sikd
pdkdhrd?? ppîr
pdkdhrd îrfn
fnfds
fds.. Rn`epr` jd
jdhrä
hrä pîrfnf
pîrfnfds
ds edt`
edt`rn
rndk`s
dk`s f` hn`m`s
hn`m`s cdenkndr`s, sibndk`s
i `epr`sdrndk`s. Rnm `ehdrgi, ki eäs fikirisi, `s kd pîrfnfd f` vnfds juedmds.
¹Jdhrä dkgÿm e`fni f` `knenmdr `st` prihk`ed9 Kd r`spu`std `s qu`, prihdhk`e`mt`,
mumbd pu`fd kigrdrs`, p`ri så enmnenzdrki e`fndmt` dbbnim`s df`budfds f` prit`bbnòm
dbtnvd y pdsnvd, df`eäs f` tiedr dbbnim`s f` pr`v`mbnòm `m bdsi f` qu` iburrd um
nmb`mfni bim kis `qunpis m`b`sdrnis qu` f`tdkkdr`eis, tdehnîm, `m `st` nmcire`.
 NMFNB@
NMRVDKDBNIM@R RDMNVDXNDR \DXD @FNCNBDBNIM@R MIXED N.R ‒ <4<.........0
DGPD BIMVXD NMB@MFNIR...........
NMB@MFNIR.................................
............................................
............................................
.............................0
.......0
RNRV@ED F@ VPH@XÅD ^ FNR\IRNVNSIR \DXD R@X PRDFIR \IX @K
BP@X\I F@ HIEH@XIR.............................................................................................0
RNRV@EDR F@ XIBNDFIX@R DPVIEÄVNBIR.........................................
DPVIEÄVNBIR.....................................................3
............3
RNRV@EDR F@ FX@MDO@......
FX@MDO@............................
............................................
............................................
.........................................7
...................7
MIXED D.42<........................
D.42<..............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
........................:
..:
G@M@XDKNFDF@R........................
G@M@XDKNFDF@R..............................................
............................................
............................................
..................................:
............:
BD\NVPKI N RNRV@EDR F@ @SDBPDBNÒM......
@SDBPDBNÒM............................
.....................................................:
...............................:
RPH-BD\NVPKI N BDKBPKI F@ BDXGD F@ IBP\DMV@R (DCIXI)..........:
RPH-BD\NVPKI NN \P@XVDR F@ @SDBPDBNÒM..................
@SDBPDBNÒM............................................44
..........................44
RPH-BD\NVPKI NNN E@FNIR F@ @SDBPDBNÒM..........
@SDBPDBNÒM.............................................48
...................................48
RPH-BD\NVPKI NS ? BDKBPKI F@ BD\DBNFDF F@ E@FNIR F@
@SDBPD
@SDBPDBNÒ
BNÒM..................
M........................................
............................................
............................................
..........................................4
....................422
RPH-BD\NVPKI S ? X@TPNRNVIR F@ KIR RNRV@EDR F@ \X@RPXN_DBNÒM
F@ @R
@RBDK
BDK@X
@XDR..........
DR................................
.............................................
.............................................
..............................................40
........................40
BD\NVPKI NN? R@ÔDKN_DBNÒM F@ R@GPXNFDF @ NKPENMDBNÒM F@
@E@XG@MBND..............................
@E@XG@MBND....................................................
............................................
.......................................................43
.................................43
BD\NVPKI NNN ? X@RNRV@MBND DK CP@GI F@ KDR @RVXPBVPXDR ^
HDXX
HDXX@X
@XDR........
DR..............................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.......................................4:
.................4:
BD\NVPKI NS ? RNRV@EDR F@ F@V@BBNÒM ^ DKDXED F@ NMB@MFNIR....8<
BD\NVPKI S \XIV@BBNÒM BIMVXD NMB@MFNIR @M KIR FNS@XRIR PRIR
SNSN@M
SNSN@MFD..........
FD................................
............................................
............................................
............................................................
......................................84
84
BD\NVPKI SN JIR\@FDO@R...........................
JIR\@FDO@R.................................................
.............................................
.................................
..........86
86
BD\NVPKI SNN RDKPF..................................
RDKPF........................................................
..................................................
....................................
........80
80
BD\NVPKI SNNN BIE@XBNI.................................
BIE@XBNI.......................................................
..........................................
............................83
........83
BD\NVPKI NZ ICNBNMDR.............
ICNBNMDR...................................
............................................
.............................................
................................8>
.........8>
BD\NVPKI Z @TPN\IR ^ EDV@XNDK@R \DXD RNRV@EDR F@ DGPD
BIMVX
BIMVXD
D NMB@MF
NMB@MFNIR..
NIR........................
............................................
............................................
....................................
...........................
.............8>
8>
RPHBD\NVPKI NN BIM@ZNÒM F@ HIEH@XIR........
HIEH@XIR..............................
.......................................8>
.................8>
RPHBD\NVPKI NNN
N NN SDKSPKDR............................
SDKSPKDR..................................................
..............................................2<
........................2<
 RPHBD\NVPKI NS GDHNM@V@, BDR@VDR ^ DBB@RIXNIR..........................2<
RPHBD\NVPKI S JNFXDMV@R.............................
JNFXDMV@R...................................................
.............................................2<
.......................2<
RPHBD\NVPKI S4 VPH@XNDR @MV@XXDFDR...........................
@MV@XXDFDR................................................2<
.....................2<
RPHBD\NVPKI SNN VPH@XNDR DÎX@DR...........................................
DÎX@DR..........................................................2<
...............2<
RPHBD\NVPKI SNNN RPENMNRVXI F@ DGPD BIMVXD NMB@MFNIR.........24
RPHBD\NVPKI NZ XIBNDFIX@R..............................
XIBNDFIX@R....................................................
........................................24
..................24
RPHBD\NVPKI Z @ZVNMVIX@R \IXVDVNK@R................................
\IXVDVNK@R...............................................
...............24
24
MIXED MC\D 4<4- BIFNGI
BIFNGI F@ R@GPXNFDF F@ SNFD..............................
SNFD......................................
........28
28
\XI\IRNVIR F@K BIFNGI.................................
BIFNGI.......................................................
............................................
.............................28
.......28
IHO@VNSIR.............................
IHO@VNSIR...................................................
............................................
............................................
.......................................28
.................28
\XDBVNBDR F@ RDKNFD @M NMB@MFNIR................................
NMB@MFNIR...........................................................
............................28
.28
DM@ZIR.................................
DM@ZIR.......................................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
......................22
22
NMRVDKDBNIM@R RDMNVDXNDR
RDMNVDXNDR \DXD @FNCNBDBNIM@R MIXED N.R ‒ <4<

DGPD BIMVXD NMB@MFNIR

Kis snst`eds d `epk`drs` pdrd biehdtnr nmb`mfnis s`räm?

d) Dkne`
Dkne`mtdf
mtdfir`s
ir`s y gdhn
gdhnm`t`
m`t`ss bimtrd nmb`mfn
nmb`mfnii `qunpd
`qunpdfis
fis bim ed
edmgu`
mgu`rds
rds pdrd usi
usi
f` kis ibupdmt`s f` kd `fncnbdbnòm.
h) Dkne`mtdfir`s y gdhnm`t`s bimtrd nmb`mfni `qunpdfis bim edmgu`rds pdrd usi
f` kis ibupdmt`s f` kd `fncnbdbnòm y sdknfd bimtrd nmb`mfni pdrd s`r utnknzdfd pir
`k Bu`rpi f` Hieh`ris f` kd bnufdf.
b) Dkne`
Dkne`mtdf
mtdfir`s
ir`s y edm
edmgu`r
gu`rds
ds pdrd usi
usi bieh
biehnmdf
nmdfii f` kis ibupdmt`
ibupdmt`ss f`k `fncnbni
`fncnbni y
f`k Bu`rpi f` Hieh`ris.
f) Xibndf
Xibndfir`
ir`ss dutie
dutieätn
ätnbis
bis..
`) It
Itri
riss ssns
nst`
t`ed
eds.
s.

RNRV@ED F@ VPH@XÅD ^ FNR\IRNVNSIR \DXD R@X PRDFIR \IX @K

BP@X\I F@ HIEH@XIR
R` nmstdkdräm snst`eds f` tuh`råds y fnspisntnvis pdrd s`r usdfis pir `k Bu`rpi f`
Hieh`ris f` kd bnufdf, `m kds pkdmtds nmfustrndk`s, `fncnbnis f` eäs f` 0< e f` dkturd y
tifd itrd `fncnbdbnòm qu` pis sus bdrdbt`råstnbds `sp`bndk`s, ki r`qun`rd. Vdk`s snst`eds
f`h`m buepknr bim kis sngun`mt`s r`qunsntis?

d) R` nmstd
nmstdkdrä
kdrämm ‛snde`
‛snde`s`s
s`s nmy`bbnò
nmy`bbnòmm ‛bim risbd edbji
edbji y väkvukd
väkvukd f` r`t`mbnòm
r`t`mbnòm,, `m
sntni dbb`snhk` f` kd cdbjdfd f`k `fncnbni pdrd kd bim`xnòm f` kds edmgu`rds qu`

suenmnstrdm `k dgud f`sf` kis jnfrdmt`s i bdrris hiehd.

h) R` nmstdkdräm dkne`mtdfir`s `spdbndfi `m cired tdk, qu` tifds kds pdrt`s kis
dehn`mt`s f`k `fncnbni pu`fdm s`r dkbdmzdfds pir `k bjirri f`
f ` dgud.
b) Kis
Kis dkn
dkne`m
e`mtdf
tdfir`
ir`ss f`h
f`h`m
`m bdkb
bdkbukd
ukdrs`
rs` pdrd `k bdufdk
bdufdk f` fis sdknfd
sdknfdss umd pr`snòm
pr`snòm
eåmned f` 60 e `m `k pumti f` bim`xnòm f` edmgu`rds eäs f`scdvirdhk`s.
f) @k dkedb`mde
dkedb`mden`mt
n`mtii f` dgud `m kis tdmqu
tdmqu`s,
`s, pdrd biehdtn
biehdtnrr nmb`mfnis,
nmb`mfnis, f`h`m
f`h`m s`r
pir ki e`mis f` 6< e2 df`buämfis`
df`buämfis` dk bdufdk y tdedôi pisnhk` f`k nmb`mfni,
s`gÿm `k grdcnbi pdrd Dgud Bimtrd Nmb`mfni
N mb`mfni f` Ròknfis (Käenmd M¼2).
Budmfi s`d pisnhk` s` p`rentnrä `k dkedb`mden`mti bimoumti `mtr` umi i eäs

kibdk`s qu` s` `m bdsi f` snmn`stri pu`fdm s`r usdfis pir kis hieh`ris.
 Kds edmgu`rds t`mfräm kimgntuf f` jdstd 3< e y 30 ee (8 µ) f` fnäe`tri. R`
bimsn
bimsnf`r
f`rdrä
drä um bd
bdufd
ufdkk eåm
eåmnei
nei f` 4< K/s y f`h
f`h`rä
`rämm dki
dkiodr
odrs`
s` `m gdhnm`
gdhnm`t`s
t`s
df`budfis `m bdsd pnsi, pr`c`r`mt`e`mt` `m kis birr`fir`s f` dbb`si d kds
`sbdk`rds.
`) Budm
Budmfi
fi `k dkedb`md
dkedb`mden`m
en`mti
ti s`d bieÿm
bieÿm pdrd `k ddgud
gud pdrd
pdrd bimsuei
bimsuei y kd r`s`rvd
r`s`rvd
pdrd `k snst`ed bimtrd nmb`mfnis, f`h`rä nmstdkdrs` kd sdknfd f`k dgud pdrd
bimsuei f` edm`rd tdk qu` s` r`s`rv` sn`epr` `k sdkfi f` dgud r`qu`rnfd pdrd
biehdtnr `k nmb`mfni.
c) Bdfd hibdt
hibdtied
ied pdrd
pdrd edmgu`rds
edmgu`rds nmt
nmt`rnir
`rnir`s,
`s, `stdrä
`stdrä fitd
fitdfd
fd f` kkdv`
kkdv` f` biepu`rtd
biepu`rtd i
f` ämguki. Kd bim`xnòm pdrd fnbjds edmgu`rds s`rä f` risbd edbji bim `k
fnäe`tri birr`spimfn`mt`
birr`spimfn`mt`..
g) Kis dkne`mtd
dkne`mtdfir`
fir`ss f`h`räm
f`h`räm bim`
bim`btdrs
btdrs`` `mtr` så e`fndmt`
e`fndmt` umd tuh`råd
tuh`råd buyi
buyi
fnäe`tri mi s`d nmc`rnir dk f`k dkne`mtdfir f` edyir fnäe`tri. Dk pn` f` bdfd
dkne`mtdfir s` nmstdkdrä umd f` purgd bim väkvukd f` bimtrik.

RNRV@EDR F@ XIBNDFIX@R DPVIEÄVNBIR

R` nmstdkdräm snst`eds f` ribndfir`s dutieätnbis `m kis sngun`mt`s bdsis?

d) @fncnb
@fncnbdb
dbnim
nim`s
`s f` eäs
eäs f` fis pnsis usd
usdfds
fds pdr
pdrdd edmucd
edmucdbtu
bturd,
rd, dkedb`m
dkedb`mdo`
do` f`
edt`r
edt`rndk
ndk`s
`s i e`r
e`rbdf
bdf`rå
`rådd bie
biehus
hustnh
tnhk`
k` y bim är`d su
sup`r
p`rnir
nir d kis 4<<< e8 f`
bimstrubbnòm.
h) \kdyds f` `stdbnimden`
`stdbnimden`mti
mti b`rrdfds y t`bjdfds f` eäs f` 4: e f` dkturd y f`
är`dd ed
är` edyir
yir d kis 4<<<
4<<< e8 f` bimst
bimstrub
rubbnò
bnòmm r`snst
r`snst`mt
`mt`` dk cu`gi,
cu`gi, u :<< e8 f`
bi
bims
mstru
trubb
bbnò
nòmm nmbi
nmbieh
ehus
ustn
tnhk
hk`` bim
bim prit
prit`b
`bbn
bnòm
òm i 3<
3<<< e8 f` bi
bims
mstru
trubb
bbnò
nòmm
nmbiehustnhk`ss snm prit`bbnòm i biehustnhk` f` bimstrubbnòm p`sdfd.
nmbiehustnhk`
b) Vdkk
Vdkk`r`s
`r`s f` r`
r`pdrd
pdrdbnòm
bnòm du
dutiei
tieitrnz
trnz f` eäs f`
f` um pnsi i uhnbdf
uhnbdfis
is hdois pnsis
pnsis f`
itrd ibupdmbnd qu` `xb`fd 4<<< e8 f` bimstrubbnòm r`snst`mt` dk cu`gi, :<< e8
f` bi
bims
mstru
trubb
bbnò
nòmm nmbi
nmbieh
ehus
ustn
tnhk
hk`` bim
bim prit
prit`b
`bbn
bnòm
òm,, 3<<
3<< e8 f` bi
bims
mstr
trub
ubbn
bnòm
òm
nmbiehustnhk` snm prit`bbnòm i biehustnhk` f` bimstrubbnòm p`sdfd.
f) Vdkk
Vdkk`r
`r`s
`s f` r`pdr
r`pdrdb
dbnò
nòmm duti
dutiei
eitrn
trnzz f` umd pk
pkdm
dmtd
td qu
qu`` `x
`xb`
b`fd
fd f` 40
40<<
<< e8 f`
bimstrubbnòm r`snst`mt`
r`snst`mt` dk cu`gi, 48<< e8 f` bi
bimstrubbnòm
mstrubbnòm nmbiehu
nmbiehustnhk`
stnhk` bim
 prit`bbnòm, ><<
><< e8 f` bimstrub
bimstrubbnòm
bnòm nmbiehustnhk`
nmbiehustnhk` snm prit`bbnòm i biehustnhk`
f` bimstrubbnòm p`sdfd, < 3<< e8 f` bimstrubbnòm biehustnhk` irfnmdrnd.

RNRV@EDR F@ FX@MDO@
Kis snst`eds f` fr`mdo` f`h`räm bimsnf`rdr kd `vdkudbnòm f`k dgud utnknzdfd `m `k

biehdt` f`k nmb`mfni.

KDENMD M¼<2

GXÄCNBI \DXD DGPD BIMVXD NMB@MFNIR F@ RIKNFIR

 MIXED D.42<
G@M@XDKNFDF@R
Kds `fncnbdbnim`s, f` dbu`rfi bim su usi, rn`sgi, tnpi f` bimstrubbnòm, edt`r
edt`rndk`s
ndk`s f`
bimstrubbnòm, bdrgd biehustnhk` y mÿe`ri f` ibupdmt`s, f`h`m buepknr bim kis
r`quns
r`qunsnti
ntiss f` s`g
s`gurn
urnfd
fdff y pr`v`m
pr`v`mbn
bnòm
òm f` snmn`s
snmn`stri
triss qu` tn`m`m
tn`m`m biei
biei iho
iho`tn
`tnvi
vi
sdkvdgudrfdr kds vnfds juedmds, dså biei pr`s`rvdr `k pdtrneimni y kd bimtnmunfdf
f` kd `fncnbdbnòm.

BD\NVPKI N RNRV@EDR F@ @SDBPDBNÒM

RPH-BD\NVPKI N BDKBPKI F@ BDXGD F@ IBP\DMV@R (DCIXI)

@k dciri f` umd `fncnbdbnòm, pnsi, mnv`k i är`d pu`f` s`r eifncnbdfi nmbr`e`mtdmfi kd

bdmtnfdf f` p`rsimds, sn`epr` y budmfi mi `xb`fd kd bdpdbnfdf f` kis e`fnis f` sdknfd

qu` snrv`m d kd `fncnbdbnòm. \drd bdkbukdr kd bdmtnfdf f` ibupdmt`s f` umd `fncnbdbnòm s`
pifrä utnknzdr f` cired pdrbndk, titdk i nmt`rr`kdbnimdfd budkqun`rd f` kds 2 sngun`mt`s
ipbnim`s?

BDKBPKI HDRDFI @M BI@CNBN@MV@ I CDBVIX@R F@ IBP\DBNÒM

BPDFXI F@ BI@CNBN@MV@R F@ IBP\DBNÒM R@GßM

PRI I VI\IKIGÅD
VN\IKI PRI, DEHN@MV@, @R\DBNI BI@CNBN@M
GÅD I ÄX@D V@ I
CDBVIX
4 firentirni 8 p`rsimds
Snvn`mfd 8 firentirnis 2 p`rsimds
2 firentirnis i eäs 0 p`rsimds
Jit`k 6 y 0 `str`kkds 4: e8/ p`rsimd
Jit`k 8 y 2 `str`kkds 40 e8/ p`rsimd
Jit`k 4 `str`kkd 48 e8/ p`rsimd
Jisp`fd Dpdrt jit`k 6 y 0 `str`kkds 8< e8/ p`rsimd
o` Dpdrt jit`k 2 y 8 `str`kkds 47 e8/ p`rsimd
Dpdrt jit`k 4 `str`kkd 46 e8/ p`rsimd
Jistdk 4 d 2 `str`kkds 48 e8/ p`rsimd
X`sirt 8< e8/ p`rsimd
Dufntirni Mÿe`ri f`
 hutdbds
Rdkds f` usi eÿktnpk` 4 e8/ p`rsimd
Rdkds f` bkds` 4.0 e8/ p`rsimd
@fubdbn
òm
Bde`rnmis 6 e8/ p`rsimd
Gnemdsni bim edqunmds 6.3 e8/ p`rsimd
Gnemdsni snm edqunmds 4.6 e8/ p`rsimd
Kdhirdtirni, bdc`t`råds, tdkk`r`s 0.< e8/ p`rsimd
Icnbnmds >.2 e8/ p`rsimd
Är`ds f` s`rvnbni dehukdtirni y 3 e8/ p`rsimd
fndgmòstnbi
R`btir jdhntdbnim`s (sup`rcnbn` titdk) : e8/ p`rsimd
Är`d trdtden`mti f` pdbn`mt`s 8< e8/ p`rsimd
`xt`rmis
Rdkd f` `sp`rd <.:<
Rdkuf
e8/
p`rsimd
R`rvnbnis duxnkndr`s : e8/ p`rsimd
Gudrf`råds 2.2 e8/ p`rsimd
Är`ds f` r`cugni `m jispntdk`s y 8.: e8 / p`rsimd
kugdr`s f` r`pisi
Är`ds f` r`cugni `m nmstdkdbnim`s bim
pdbn`mt`s `m snkkds
snkkds f` ru`fds 4.6 e8/ p`rsimd
Är`ds f` r`cugni `m pnsis qu` mi
dkh`rgu`m pdbn`mt`s <.0 e8/ p`rsimd
F`pòsntis 2< e8/ p`rsimd
Vn`mfd nmf`p`mfn`mt` `m prne`r
pnsi (mnv`k f` dbb`si)
dbb`si) 8.: e8/ p`rsimd
Vn`mfd nmf`p`mfn`mt` `m s`gumfi 0.3 e8/ p`rsimd
pnsi
Bie`rbn
i Vn`mfd
f` nmf`p`mfn`mt` nmt`rbim`bt
fis mnv`k`s nmt`rbim`btdfd
dfd 2.7 e8
e8/ p`rsimd
B`mtri bie`rbndk (våd p`f`str`) S`r MC\D 4<4
Rup`re`rbdfi 8.0 e8/ p`rsimd
C`rr`t`råd (e`oirden`mti f`k jigdr) 8.0 e8/ p`rsimd
E`rbdfi enmirnstd 8.< e8/ p`rsimd
BPDFXI F@ BI@CNBN@MV@R F@ IBP\DBNÒM R@GßM
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CDBVIX
Vn`mfd pir f`pdrtde`mti prne`r
8.: e8/ p`rsimd
mnv`k (mnv`k f` dbb`si)
Gdk`råd bie`rbndk 8.< e8/ p`rsimd
Rdkds f` ou`gi, bdsnmis 2.2 e8/ p`rsimd
 Gnemdsni (är`d bim edqunmds) 6.3 e8/ p`rsimd
Gnemdsni (är`d snm edqunmds) 4.6 e8/ p`rsimd
X`stdurdmt`s (är`d f` e`sds, 4.0 e8/ p`rsimd
bie`fir)
\dtnis f` bienfd (är`d f` 4.0 e8/ p`rsimd
e`sds, bie`fir)
X`stdurdmt`s (bibnmds, är`d f` >.2 e8
e8/ p`rsimd
s`rvnbni)
Är`d f`k kibdk bie`rbndk 87.>
pdrdd dkedb`mden`mti
pdr dkedb`mden`mti
e8/
p`rsimd
Icnbnmds >.2 e8/ p`rsimd
Icnbnmds Rdkds f` r`umnim`s 4.6 e8/ p`rsimd
Rdkds f` `sp`rd 4.6 e8/ p`rsimd
Rdkds f` bdpdbntdbnòm 4.6 e8/ p`rsimd
Dsnkis y ircdmdtis 3.< e8/ p`rsimd
X`bnmtis pdrd bukti (t`epkis) 4.< e8/ p`rsimd
Dehn`mt`s f` r`umnòm s`mtdfis 4p`rs / 60be
`m hdmbds
R`rvnbnis Dehn`mt`s f` r`umnòm bimb`mtrdfi <.30
bieumdk`
snm dsn`mtis cnois
s e8/
p`rsimd
Dehn`mt`s f` r`umnòm
e`mis bimb`mtrdfi 4.6 e8/
snm dsn`mtis cnois p`rsimd (4)
Rdkds f` `xpisnbnòm (eus`is) 2.< e8/ p`rsimd
Hnhknit`bd (är`d f` `stdmt`s) >.2 e8/ p`rsimd
Hnhknit`bd (är`d f` k`bturd) 6.3 e8/
p`rsimd (4)
Hnhknit`bd (är`d f` bieputdfirds) Eihnkndrni
Rdkds f` `sp`rd 4.6 e8/
p`rsimd (4)
Fnsbit`bds y Rdkds f` hdnk` (pnstd f` <.30
hdnk`)
e8/
p`rsimd
Hdr`s (kiumg`s) 4.< e8/ p`rsimd
Gnemdsni (är`d bim edqunmds) 6.3 e8/ p`rsimd
Gnemdsni (är`d snm edqunmds) 4.6 e8/ p`rsimd
X`br`dbn \nsbnmd t`bjdfd i snm 6.0 e8/ p`rsimd
òm y t`bjdr(sup`rcn
t`bjdr(sup`rcnbn`
bn` f` dgud)
F`pirt` \nsbnmd t`bjdfd i snm t`bjdr 8.: e8/ p`rsimd
(sup`rcnbn` hirf`s)
\nstds f` pdtnmdo` 6.3 e8/ p`rsimd
Vrnhumds (e`fnfi `m kimgntuf 4p`rsimd / 63be
f` trnhumd)
S`studrnis y bde`rnmis 2.< e8/ p`rsimd
 Bnm`s Mÿe`ri

f` hutdbds
Bnm`s (är`d f` `sp`rd, kihhy) R`gÿm
ip`rdbnòm y
bdpdbnfdf f` kis
bnm`s
F`pòsntis y dkedb`m`s R`gÿm `k usi y
snst`ed

f`
ip`rdbnòm
@sp`btäbukis pÿhknbis
bim p`rsimds <.8: e8/
f` pn` (bimbn`rti) p`rsimd (4)
Xn`sgi kng`ri (hdoi) ‒ s`gÿm Mired
D.<4< drtåbuki 80 R`gÿm ki
Nmfustrn Xn`sgi Eif`rdfi (irfnmdrni) ‒ s`gÿm `stdhk`bnfi
d Mired D.<4< drtåbuki
drtåbuki 80 pir bdfd
Xn`sgi dkti ‒ s`gÿm Mired D.<4< prib`si
drtåbuki 80
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GÅD I ÄX@D V@ I
CDBVIX
Är`d f` dkedb`mden`mti Mi dpknbdhk`
Dkedb`m
`s Icnbnmds >.2 e8/
p`rsimd

@m kis kibdk`s tnpi bnm`s, t`dtris, `stdfnis, r`stdurdmt`s, jit`k`s, nmfustrnds, bdkk b`mt`r
`mtr` itris `m fimf` s` uhnqu` eihnkndrni cnoi, `sp`båcnbi pdrd kd dbtnvnfdf d kd budk
snrv`, biei hutdbds, e`sds, edqunmdrnd, f`h`rä bimsnf`rdrs` umd p`rsimd pir bdfd
umnfdf f` eihnkndrni.

RPH-BD\NVPKI NN \P@XVDR F@ @SDBPDBNÒM

Kds pu`rtds f` `vdbudbnòm pu`f`m i mi s`r f`k tnpi birtd cu`gi, f`p`mfn`mfi f` su
pdrtnbnpdbnòm `m `k
`k snst`ed f` `vdbudbnòm.
`vdbudbnòm. Kds pu`rtds f` `vd
`vdbudbnòm
budbnòm s` bkdsncnbdm
bkdsncnbdm `m?
 d) \u
\u`r
`rtd
td f` ``e`
e`rg
rg`m
`mbn
bnd1
d1 @s um
umdd pu`rt
pu`rtdd f` budk
budkqu
qun`
n`rr edt`
edt`rn
rndk
dk (`xb
(`xb`p
`pti
ti vnfr
vnfrni
ni
brufi) qu` pdrtnbnpd f`k snst`ed f` `vdbudbnòm. \drd `kki pifrä bimtdr bim
dkgÿm fnspisntnvi f` bn`rr` (hrdzi jnfräuknbi) i f` dp`rturd `m bdsi f`
`e`rg`
`e`rg`mb
mbnd
nd (hd
(hdrrd
rrd dmtnp
dmtnpätn
ätnbi
bi f`k
f`k tnp
tnpii pdmnb
pdmnb jdrfwd
jdrfwdr`)
r`).. Mi pu`f`m
pu`f`m s`r
bimsnf`rdfdss r`snst`mt`s dk cu`gi y mi r`qun`r`m f` umd b`rtncnbdbnòm.
bimsnf`rdfd
h) \u`rtd birtd jueis1 @s umd pu`rtd f` budkqun`r edt`rndk (`xb`pti vnfrni
brufi) qu` pdrtnbnpd f`k snst`ed f` `vdbudbnòm. \drd `kki f`h`rä bimtdr bim
fnspisntnvi f` bn`rr` (hrdzi jnfräuknbi) y s`kkis birtd juei `m tifi `k
bimtirmi f` kd jiod. (kdfi sup`rnir y kdfis kdt`rdk`s), pifrä bimtdr i mi bim
hdrrd dmtnpätnbi. @stds pu`rtds mi pu`f`m s`r bimsnf`rdfd
bimsnf`rdfdss r`snst`mt`s dk
cu`gi.
b) \u
\u`r
`rtd
td birt
birtdd cu
cu`g
`gi1
i1 @
@ss um snst
snst`e
`edd qu
qu`` bbim
imt`
t`ep
epkd
kd kd(
kd(s)
s) jio
jiod(
d(s)
s) f`
f` kd pu
pu`r
`rtd
td,, `k
edrbi y kd b`rrdo`råd. Kd(s) jiod(s) f` kds pu`rtds y kis edrbis pu`f`(m) s`r
f` budk
budkqu
qun`
n`rr ed
edt`
t`rnd
rndk,
k, r`
r`kk
kk`m
`mis
is i mi
mi,, sn`e
sn`epr
pr`` qu
qu`` bu
buep
epkd
kdmm bi
bimm um
umdd
b`rtn
b`rtncn
cnbd
bdbn
bnòm
òm qu`
qu` f`eu
f`eu`s
`str
tr`` kd r`sn
r`snst
st`m
`mbn
bndd dk cu`g
cu`gii f`
f`kk bi
bimo
moum
umti
ti.. Kis
Kis
kdhirdtirnis b`rtncnbdfir`s dbr`fntdräm kds pru`hds s`gÿm s` `stdhk`b` `m kd
MC\D 808.

RPH-BD\NVPKI NNN E@FNIR F@ @SDBPDBNÒM

@m kis pdsdo`s f` bnrbukdbnòm, `sbdk`rds nmt`grdfds, `sbdk`rds f` `vdbudbnòm, dbb`sis f`

usi g`m`rdk y sdknfds f` `vdbudbnòm,
`vdbudbnòm, mi f`h`rä `xnstnr mnmgumd ihstrubbnòm qu` fncnbukt`
`k pdsi f` kds p`rsimds, f`hn`mfi p`redm`b`r
p`redm`b`r knhr`s f` ihstäbukis.

F`h`räm bimsnf`rdrs` f` cired prnedrnd kds `vdbudbnim`s jirnzimtdk`s `m jispntdk`s,

bkåmnbds, dkh`rgu`s, bärb`k`s, nmfustrnds y pdrd pripirbnimdr prit`bbnòm d fnsbdpdbntdfis
`m budkqun`r tnpi f` `fncnbdbnòm.

Kds `vdbudbnim`s jirnzimtdk`s pu`f`m s`r `m `k ensei mnv`k f`mtri f` um `fncnbni i

dprixnedfde`mt` dk ensei mnv`k `mtr` `fncnbnis sn`epr` y budmfi kk`v`m d um är`d f`
r`cugni f`cnmnfis pir hdrr`rds bimtrd cu`gi y jueis.

Kds är`ds f` r`cugni f`h`m t`m`r umd r`snst`mbnd dk cu`gi f` 4 jird pdrd `fncnbdbnim`s
`fncnbdbnim`s f`
jdstd 2 mnv`k`s y f` 8 jirds pdrd `fncnbdbnim`s edyir`s f` 6 mnv`k`s.
R` bim
bimsnf
snf`rd
`rdrä
rä e`
e`fni
fniss f` `vdbud
`vdbudbnò
bnòm,
m, d tif
tifds
ds dqu`kk
dqu`kkds
ds pd
pdrt`
rt`ss f` umd `f
`fncnb
ncnbdb
dbnòm
nòm
priy`btdfds pdrd bdmdknzdr `k ckuoi f` p`rsimds ibupdmt`s f` kd `fncnbdbnòm jdbnd kd våd
pÿhknbd i jdbnd är`ds s`gurds, biei pdsdo`s f` bnrbukdbnòm, `sbdk`rds nmt`grdfds,
`sbdk`rds f` `vdbudbnòm, dbb`sis f` usi g`m`rdk y sdknfds f` `vdbudbnòm

Mi s` bimsnf`rdm
bimsnf`rdm e`fnis f` `vdbudbnòm kis sngun`mt`s e`f
e`fnis
nis f` bnrbukdbnòm?
bnrbukdbnòm?
d) Dsb`msir`s
h) Xdepds f` db
dbb`sis
b`sis v`jnb
v`jnbukdr`s
ukdr`s qu` mmii t`mgdm v`r`
v`r`fds
fds p`dtimdk`s
p`dtimdk`s y/i
budkqun`r rdepd bim p`mfn`mt` edyir f` 48%.
b) @sbdk`rds e`bämnbds.
f) @sbdk`rd ttnnpi bdrdbik.
`) @sbdk`rd f` gdti.

Kis dsb`msir`s bimstntuy`m umd j`rrden`mtd f` dbb`si pdrd `k p`rsimdk f`k Bu`rpi f`

Hieh`ris, pir ki budk sus bdrdbt`råstnbds f`h`räm s`gunr kis brnt`rnis `stdhk`bnfis `m kd
Mired D.<4<, `fnbnòm
`fnbnòm 8<<> Drtåbuki 22<.
<.

RPH
RPH-B
-BD
D\N
\NVP
VPK
KI NS ? BDK
BDKBP
BPK
KI F@ BD\
BD\DBN
DBNFD
FDF
F F@ E@FN
@FNIR F@
@SDBPDBNÒM
F`t`renmdbnòm f`k dmbji knhr` f` kis biepim`mt`s f` `vdbudbnòm?
`vdbudbnòm?

d) Dmbji knhr` pdrd pu`rtds y rdepds p`dtimdk`s? \drd f`t`renmdr `k dmbji knhr`
f` kd pu`rtd i rdepd s` f`h` bimsnf`rdr kd bdmtnfdf f` p`rsimds pir `k är`d

pnsi i mnv`k qu` snrv` y euktnpknbdrkd pir `k cdbtir f` <.<<0 e pir p`rsimd.
Rn`mfi <.>< e `k dmbji knhr` eåmnei db`ptdhk` pdrd pu`rtds i rdepds
p`dtimdk`s.
d) Kd
Kdss pu`r
pu`rtd
tdss f` `vdb
`vdbud
udbn
bnòm
òm ppif
ifrä
rämm t`
t`m`
m`rr um dm
dmbj
bjii knhr
knhr`` eåmn
eåmnei
ei e`f
e`fnf
nfii `mtr`
`mtr`
kds pdr`f`s f`k vdmi f` 4.<< e
h) Dmbji knhr` f` pdsdo`s f` bnrbukdbnòm? \drd f`t`renmdr `k dmbji knhr` f` kis
pdsdo`s f` bnrbukdbnòm s` sngu` `k ensei prib`fnen`mti, f`hn`mfi t`m`r um
dmbji eåmnei f` 4.8< e. @m `fncnbdbnim`s f` usi f` icnbnmds kis pdsdo`s qu`
dpirt`m jdbnd umd rutd f` `sbdp` nmt`rnir y qu` r`bnhdm e`mis f` 0< p`rsimds

pifräm t`m`r um dmbji f` <.>< e.

 b) Dm
Dmbj
bjii knhr`
knhr` ppdr
drdd kd
kdss `s
`sbd
bdk`
k`rd
rds?
s? F`h`
F`h` bdk
bdkbu
bukd
kdrs
rs`` kd bdm
bdmtn
tnfd
fdff titdk
titdk f`
f` p`rs
p`rsim
imds
ds
f`k pnsi qu` snrv`m jdbnd umd `sbdk`rd y euktnpknbdr pir `k cdbtir f` <.<<: e
pir p`rsimd.

Kds `sbdk`rds f` `vdbudbnòm mi pifräm t`m`r um dmbji e`mir d 4.8< e. R` `xb`ptÿdm?

`fncnbnis `xnst`mt`s f` vnvn`mfd y icnbnmds, dså biei `m `fncnbdbnim`s bim um dciri titdk
e`mir f` 0< p`rsimds. @m buyi bdsi `k dmbji eåmnei f` `sbdk`rd pifrä s`r <.>< e.

Budmfi s` r`qun`rdm `sbdk`rds f` dmbji edyir f` 2.3< e. f`h`rä nmstdkdrs` umd hdrdmfd
ihkngdtirnd pir bdfd fis eòfukis f` <,3< e. @k mÿe`ri eåmnei f` `sbdk`rds qu`
r`qun`r` umd `fncnbdbnòm s` `stdhk`b` `m kd pr`s`mt` Mired y kd Mired D.<4< f`k
pr`s`mt` X`gkde`mti
X`gkde`mti Mdbnimdk f` @fncnbdbnim`s.

@k cdbtir f` bäkbuki f` b`mtris f` sdkuf, dsnkis, qu` mi bu`mt`m bim ribndfir`s s`rä f`
<.<40 e pir p`rsimd `m `sbdk`rds y f` <.<42 e pir p`rsimd, pdrd pu`rtds y rdepds.

Kis tn`epis f` `vdbudbnòm siki sim db`ptdfis biei umd r`c`r`mbnd y mi biei umd hds`
f` bäkbuki sust`mtdtirni. @std r`c`r`mbnd snrv` biei um nmfnbdfir pdrd `vdkudr kd
`cnbn`mbnd f` kds `vdbudbnim`s `m kis sneukdbris, ku`gi f` kd
k d prne`rd `vdbudbnòm
`vdbudbnòm pdtròm.

Kd bdmtnfdf f` pu`rtds f` `vdbudbnòm, pdsnkkis, `sbdk`rds `stä fnr`btde`mt` r`kdbnimdfi

bim kd m`
m`b`s
b`snfd
nfdff f` `vd
`vdbud
budrr kd bdr
bdrgd
gd tit
titdk
dk f` ib
ibupd
updmt`
mt`ss f`
f`kk `f
`fncn
ncnbni
bni y t`mn`m
t`mn`mfi
fi
dfnbnimdke`mt` qu` utnknzdrs` `k brnt`rni f` fnstdmbnd f` r`birrnfi jirnzimtdk f` 60 e
pdrd `fncnbdbnim`s snm ribndfir`s
ribndfir`s y f` 3< e pdrd `fncnbdbnim`s
`fncnbdbnim`s bim ribndfir`s. Dså bie
bieii
kds fnstdmbnds `stdhk`bnfds `m kd Mired D.<4<.

\drd rn`sgis `sp`bndk`s s` pifräm sust`mtdr fnstdmbnds f` r`birrnfi edyir hdsdfi `m kis
r`qunsntis dfnbnimdk`s qu` `stdhk`b` `k Bòfngi MC\D 4<4.

\drd bdkbukdr kd fnstdmbnd f` r`birrnfi f`k `vdbudmt` f`h`rä s`r e`fnfd f`sf` `k pumti
eäs dk`odfi f`k r`bnmti jdstd `k nmgr`si d um e`fni s`guri f` `vdbudbnòm. (\u`rtd,
pdsnkki, i `sbdk`rd
`sbdk`rd f` `vdbudbnòm
`vdbudbnòm prit`gnfis bbimtrd
imtrd cu`gi y juei
jueis).
s).

\drdd b`
\dr b`mtr
mtris
is bie`r
bie`rbnd
bndk`s
k`s i biepk
biepk`oi
`oiss bie`r
bie`rbnd
bndk`s
k`s,, e`rbdf
e`rbdfis
is t`bjdf
t`bjdfis,
is, sd
sdkds
kds f`
`sp`btäbukis dk nmt`rnir f` kis enseis, f`h`räm bimsnf`rdrs` kis sngun`mt`s brnt`rnis f`
`vdbudbnòm?
 d) Kds tn`m
tn`mfds
fds pir f`pdrtd
f`pdrtde`mti
e`mtis,
s, sup`re`rb
sup`re`rbdfis
dfis y sdkd f` `sp`bt
`sp`btäbuk
äbukis,
is, mi f`h`m
f`h`m
dpirtdr `vdbudmt`s dk nmt`rnir f`k b`mtri bie`rbndk i biepk`oi bie`rbndk budmfi
mi bi
bims
msnf
nf`r
`r`m
`m um pd
pdsd
sdfn
fnzi
zi pr
prit
it`g
`gnf
nfii bi
bimt
mtrd
rd cu
cu`g
`gii `m
`mtr
tr`` kd tn
tn`m
`mfd
fd pi
pirr
f`pdrtde`mtiss y kds tn`mfds e`mir`s, f` edm`rd qu` bik`bt` kd `vdbudbnòm f`sf`
f`pdrtde`mti
kd pu`rtd f` sdknfd f` kd tn`mfd pir f`pdrtde`mtis dk `xt`rnir f`k b`mtri
bie`
bie`rb
rbnd
ndk.
k. Bd
Bdsi
si bimt
bimtrd
rdrn
rnii f`
f`h`
h`rä
rämm s`
s`rr du
dutò
tòmi
mied
edss `m su bd
bdpd
pdbn
bnfd
fdff f`
`vdbudbnòm.
h) F`h`m t`m`r
t`m`r biei eåmnei kis sngun`mt`s
sngun`mt`s r`qu`rnen`mtis
r`qu`rnen`mtis f` `vdbudb
`vdbudbnòm.
nòm.
 h.4) Mÿe`ri f` ibupdmt`s
ibupdmt`s e`mir i ngudk d 0<< p`
p`rsimds
rsimds
 h.8) Mÿe`ri f` ibupdmt`s
ibupdmt`s edyir`
edyir`ss f` 0<< y mmii eäs f` 4<<<
4<<< p`rsimds
 h.2) Mÿe`ri f` ibupdmt`s
ibupdmt`s edyir ff`` 4<<< p`rsimds
p`rsimds
Mi e`mis f` 8 sdknfds Mi e`mis
e`mis f` 2 sdknfds
sdknfds Mi e`mis f` 6 sdknfds

b) @s
@st`
t` r`qu
r`quns
nsnt
ntii f`h`
f`h`rä
rä dpkn
dpknbd
bdrs
rs`` tdeh
tdehnî
nîmm pd
pdrd
rd `k bä
bäkb
kbuk
ukii f` `v
`vdb
dbud
udbn
bnòm
òm f` kis
b`mtris f` fnv`rsnòm y `fncnbdbnim`s pdrd `sp`btäbukis f`pirtnvis
f) Kis
Kis b`m
b`mtri
triss bie`r
bie`rbnd
bndk`s
k`s,, biepk
biepk`oi
`oiss bie
bie`rb
`rbndk
ndk`s,
`s, tn`mfds
tn`mfds pir f`
f`pdr
pdrtde
tde`mt
`mtii i
snenkdr`s mi pifräm `vdbudr eäs f`k 0<% f`k mÿe`ri f` ibupdmt`s pir umd
ensed sdknfd.
`) @s p`re
p`rentnfi
ntnfi `k usi
usi f` pripd
pripdgdmf
gdmfds,
ds, eis
eistrdfi
trdfir`s,
r`s, pum
pumtis
tis f` v`mtds
v`mtds `m kis
nmgr`sis sn`epr` y budmfi, `stis mi nmvdfdm `k dmbji r`qu`rnfi f` `vdbudbnòm,
qu` mi `s `qunvdk`mt` dk dmbji fnspimnhk`. Fnbjis `k`e`mtis f`h`räm `stdr
bimv`
bimv`mn`
mn`mt`
mt`e`m
e`mt`
t` dmbkdf
dmbkdfis
is bim `k cnm f` `vntdr
`vntdr qu` s` bimvn`
bimvn`rtd
rtdmm `m umd

ihstrubbnòm furdmt` kd `vdbudbnò

`vdbudbnòm.
m.
c) @m tn`mfds
tn`mfds pir ff`pdr
`pdrtde`m
tde`mtis,
tis, e`r
e`rbdfi
bdfiss t`bjd
t`bjdfis,
fis, sup`re
sup`re`rbd
`rbdfis,
fis, bim
bim um är`d
bie`rbndk edyir d 8:<< e8 pir pkdmtd, f`h`rä t`m`r pir ki e`mis um pdsdfnzi
f` `vdbudbnòm bim um dmbji mi e`mir d 4.0< e.

RPH-BD\NVPKI S ? X@TPNRNVIR F@ KIR RNRV@EDR F@ \X@RPXN_DBNÒM

F@ @RBDK@XDR

@k v`mtnkdfir y `k pumti f` tied f` dnr` f`h`m uhnbdrs` `m um är`d knhr` f` rn`sgi f`

bimtdenmdbnòm pir jueis, pr`c`r`mt`e`mt`
pr`c`r`mt`e`mt` `m `k `xt`rnir, pnsi 4 (mnv`k f` våd pÿhknbd) i
dzit`d, f` kd `fncnbdbnòm. @k priy`btnstd f`h` t`m`r `m bimsnf`rdbnòm kis fnstnmtis
`sb`mdrnis f` nmb`mfni prihdhk`, pdrd uhnbdr `k v`mtnkdfir y kd subbnòm f` cired qu`
pu`fd ip`rdr `m
`m sntudbnim`s f` nmb`mfni `m kd `fncnbdbnòm qu` pprit`g`.
rit`g`.

Mi `s p`rentnfd kd tied f` dnr` f`k v`mtnkdfir `m sòtdmis i kugdr`s b`rrdfis, fimf` um

nmb`mfni dfydb`mt` pu`fd pim`r `m rn`sgi kd subbnòm f` dnr`, kk`mdmfi kd `sbdk`rd f`

juei. @k snst`ed f`h` bimtdr bim nmy`bbnòm f` dnr` f` dbu`rfi dk bäkbuki. Kd fnc`r`mbnd
f` pr`snòm eåmned f` fns`ôi `mtr` `k nmt`rnir y `k `xt`rnir f` kd bdod f` kd `sbdk`rd
f`h`rä buepknr bim kd sngun`mt` tdhkd?

Vnpi Dkturd f` \r`snòm f`

pnsi - fns`ôi
f` t`bji (\d)
@fncnbni
Bim Budkqun 48.60
ribndfir`s `r d
Rnm ribndfir`s 8.: e 86.><

Rnm ribndfir`s 0.3 e 26.:7

Rnm ribndfir`s 3.6 e 66.:2
Kd pr`snòm eäxned s`rä bdkbukdfd f` dbu`rfi d kis brnt`rnis f`k bòfngi MC\D >8D,
t`mn`mfi `m bu`mtd kd eäxned cu`rzd f` dp`rturd f` kds pu`rtds, kd cu`rzd f`k hrdzi
bn`rrdpu`rtds y kds fne`msnim`s f` kds pu`rtds. Kd eäxned cu`rzd r`qu`rnfd pdrd dhrnr
bdfd umd f` kds pu`rtds f` kd bdod f` kd `sbdk`rd mi f`h`rä `xb`f`r kds 2< khc. (42.3< Ag)

@k bäkbuki f`k bdufdk f` fns`ôi s` f`h` r`dknzdr t`mn`mfi `m bu`mtd biei eåmnei kd
pu`rtd f` sdknfd `m `k mnv`k f` `vdbudbnòm
`vdbudbnòm y pu
pu`rtds
`rtds dfnbnimd
dfnbnimdk`s
k`s f`p`mfn`mfi
f`p`mfn`mfi f`k mÿe`ri
f` pnsis, bdmtnfdf f` p`rsimds `vdbudmfi, u itrd bimfnbnòm qu` ihkngu` d bimsnf`rdr umd

pu`rtd dhn`rtd pir um tn`epi prikimgdfi. R` f`h`rä bimsnf`rdr qu` `k cdbtir

c dbtir f` bäkbuki
pdrd kds `sbdk`rds
`sbdk`rds s`rä f`k tnpi ‛jikgdfi― s`gÿm
s`gÿm kd mired MC\
MC\D
D >8D.

@k bäkbuki f` kd pr`snòm f`k v`mtnkdfir s` r`dknzdrä t`mn`mfi `m bu`mtd kds bdrdbt`råstnbds

f` kis fubtis, kd drqunt`bturd f`k `fncnbni y `k prib`fnen`mti f`k edmudk f` kd DRJXD@

BD\NV
BD\NVPKI
PKI NN
NN?? R@ÔDKN
R@ÔDKN_D
_DBNÒ
BNÒM
M F@ R@G
R@GPXN
PXNFDF
FDF @ NKPENM
NKPENMDBN
DBNÒM
ÒM F@
@E@XG@MBND

@k fns`ôi, bikir`s, såehikis, cireds y fne`msnim`s f`h`räm `stdr dbirf`s bim kd MV\

2>
2>>.
>.<4
<4<-
<-4.
4. @m fimf
fimf`` s` r`
r`qu
qun`
n`rd
rd s`
s`ôd
ôdkn
knzd
zdbn
bnòm
òm f` `v
`vdb
dbud
udbn
bnòm
òm s` pi
pifr
frää ut
utnk
nknz
nzdr
dr
dfnbnimdke`mt` `k bòfngi MC\D 4<4.