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GESTIÓN DE LA DEMANDA

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Gestión activa de la demanda

• Planificación e implementación de medidas para influir en el modo de
consumir energía, produciendo cambios en la curva de la demanda.
• Estrategias de gestión de la demanda:
– Reducción del consum – Desplazar el consumo de hora
punta a valle

– Llenar los valles – Reducir el consumo de las horas

punta del sistema

Font: GT FLEXIWATTS

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Gestión activa de la demanda: beneficios

• Reducción costes de operación del sistema
• Optimización de las infraestructuras
• Mejoras en la seguridad de suministro
• Mayor concienciación sobre el coste de la generación
en periodos con pico de demanda
• Reducción de la emisión de gases de efecto
invernadero

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Gestión activa de la demanda: infraestructura

• Red comunicaciones:
– VPN
– WAN troncal y de acceso
• En la frontera con el usuario:
– Contador inteligente
– Controlador de cargas
• En casa:
– Interfaz de usuario
– Electrodomésticos inteligentes
– Enchufes inteligentes

Fuente: http://www.g4v.eu

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Mecanismos de GdD

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Mecanismos de GdD
• GdD agregada:
– Participación activa de la demanda a través de un agregador.
– Gestionar la integración un cierto número de clientes (p.e. 1000) en
los diferentes mercados que se celebran para la operación del sistema.
– Agregadores deben concentrar un nivel de recursos suficiente para
que el operador de la red las permita participar en los mercados de
ajuste.
• GdD individual:
– Participación activa de la demanda de forma individual para cada
usuario
• Gestión directa con el operador de la red u otra entidad
• Elección del usuario en respuesta a una señal de precio

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Mecanismos de GdD:
agregada Fuente: REE

• Gestión de la demanda agregada

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Fuente: REE, 2013

Mecanismos de GdD:
individual
• Gestión de la demanda individual
– Mecanismos indirectos
• Envío de una señal de precio a los consumidores para influir
en su patrón de consumo
• Mayor elegibilidad por parte del usuario
– Mecanismos directos
• Envío de una señal de cantidad a los consumidores, que
reciben una compensación o una penalización por su nivel
de cumplimiento
• Descuento en la tarifa a cambio de reducir el consumo una
determinada cantidad bajo demanda del operador
• Mayor control por parte de los operadores de red
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Mecanismos de GdD:
individual indirectos
• Mecanismos indirectos
– Actualmente:
• Precio horario constante
• Limitada capacidad de reacción del consumidor hacia los
cambios de precio del mercado mayorista
– Diferentes metodologías de transmisión de precios:
• Mediante tarifas: diferenciación de precios en función del
periodo horario (discriminación horario)
• Mediante programas de reducción de demanda (DRP):
establecimiento de un precio por reducir el consumo una
cierta potencia

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Mecanismos de GdD:
individual indirectos
• Transmisión de precios mediante tarifas:
– Time of Use (TOU)
• Mayoritario (también en España)
• Períodos de 8 o 12 horas
• Actualización anual o semestral
– Critical Peak Pricing (CPP)
• Periodos críticos con fuerte incremento de precios
• Comunicación al consumidor con un margen de tiempo reducido
• Número de periodos pico anuales acotado
– Real Time Pricing (RTP)
• Discretización horaria
• Transmisión de precios mediante programas de reducción de demanda
(DRP)
– Bonificación al consumidor por reducir su demanda una cierta potencia
– Operador del sistema solicita una reducción de la demanda durante
determinados periodos de tiempo
– En el caso español: contratos de interrumpibilidad
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Mecanismos de GdD:
individual indirectos

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Fuente: IREC

Ejemplo GdD: vehículo eléctrico

Fuente: Informe «Implantació d’una
Xarxa de Puntos de càrrega per a
curvas de desplazamiento Vehicles Elèctrics a Barcelona»
vs
curvas de demanda

Demanda eléctrica con Demanda eléctrica con carga

carga no controlada semi controlada

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Smart system of renewable energy storage based on INtegrated

EVs and bAtteries to empower mobile, Distributed and centralised
Energy storage in the distribution grid

What is INVADE H2020?

October 2017

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and
Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 731148.

What are we aiming at?

The INVADE project aims to provide a Cloud‐based

flexibility management system integrated with EVs and
batteries empowering energy storage at mobile,
distributed and centralized levels to increase renewables
share in the smart distribution grid.

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Flexibility concept

What are we aiming at?

The INVADE project aims to provide

a Cloud based flexibility
management system integrated
with EVs and batteries empowering
energy storage at mobile,
distributed and centralized levels to
increase renewables share in the
smart distribution grid.
Fig 1
The system will be managed by a
Flexibility Operator (FO) that will
control different kind of portfolios:
‐ A portion of a BRP portfolio
(figure 1)
‐ End‐customers: households or
even building managers
individually (figure 2&3)
Fig 2&3

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System description

The system is a peer‐to platform

based on direct control of demand
and supply.
The flexibility operator (FO) takes
decisions based on flexibility
contracts.
Flexibility sources to be controlled:
• Batteries
• Electric vehicles
• Photovoltaic panels
• Water heaters
• Heat pumps
Flexibility services for:
• End‐users/prosumers reducing
the electricity bill
• BRP to reduce imbalance
penalties
• DSO to control grid congestions

Flexibility services
INVADE will be capable of provide flexibility to prosumers, DSOs
and BRPs in the following cases:
Flexibility
Flexibility services INVADE
customer
Congestion management
DSO
Voltage / Reactive power control
Controlled islanding
Day–ahead portfolio optimization
BRP Intraday portfolio optimization
Self‐balancing portfolio optimization charges. The BRP does not actively bid on the imbalance market using its
ToU optimization
Prosumer Maximum power control
Self‐balancing
Controlled islanding
Description (Flexibility usage)
Avoiding the thermal overload of system components by reducing peak
loads where failure due to overloading may occur.
Using load flexibility by increasing the load or decreasing generation is an
option to avoid exceeding the voltage limits. Voltage control is typically
requested when solar PV systems generate significant amounts of
electricity.
Preventing supply interruption in a given grid section when a fault occurs in
a section of the grid feeding into it
Shifting loads from a high‐price time interval to a low‐price time interval
before the day‐ahead market closure. It enables the BRP to reduce its
overall electricity purchase costs
Enabling value creation on intraday market, equivalent to the day‐ahead
market
Reducing imbalance by the BRP within its portfolio to avoid imbalance
load flexibility, but uses it within its own portfolio.
Flexibility from high‐price intervals to low‐price intervals or even complete
load shedding during periods with high prices.
Reducing the maximum load (peak shaving) that the Prosumer consumes
within a predefined duration (e.g., month, year), either through load
shifting or shedding.
Value is created through the difference in the prices of buying, generating,
and selling electricity (including taxation if applicable).
Preventing supply interruption in a household/building during grid outages.

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Flexibility services for DSO

• Congestion management:
– Avoiding thermal overload of system components
by reducing peak loads where failure due to
overloading may occur.
– Flexibility may defer or even avoid the necessity of
grid investments.
• Voltage / Reactive power control:
– Typically requested when solar PV systems “push
up” the voltage level in the grid.
– Increasing the load or decreasing generation is an
option to avoid exceeding the voltage limits.
– It can reduce the need for grid investments (such
as automatic tap changers) or prevent generation
curtailment.
• Controlled islanding:
– To prevent supply interruption in a given grid
section when a fault occurs in a section of the grid
feeding into it.

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Flexibility services for BRP

• Day‐ahead portfolio optimization

– It aims to shift loads from a high‐price time interval to a low‐price time interval
before the day‐ahead market closure.
– It enables the BRP to reduce its overall electricity purchase costs.
– This service is used by BRP to prepare day‐ahead market bids.
• Intraday portfolio optimization
– It resembles day‐ahead optimization after closing of the day‐ahead market.
– This enables intraday trading and flexibility can be used to create value on this
market, equivalent to the day‐ahead market.
– This service is used by BRP to prepare intraday market bids.
– Intraday optimization, once the day‐ahead market prices have been announced, is
our preferred option rather than Day‐ahead
• Self‐balancing portfolio optimization
– It aims to reduce imbalance of the BRP portfolio to avoid imbalance charges.
– BRP does not actively bid on the imbalance market using its flexibility, but uses it
within its own portfolio.

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Flexibility services for prosumers

• ToU optimization
– Based on load shifting from high‐price intervals to low‐price intervals or
even complete load shedding during periods with high prices.
– It requires that tariff schedules are known in advance to lower
prosumer’s bill.
• kWmax control
– Based on reducing the maximum load (peak shaving) that the Prosumer
consumes within a predefined duration (e.g., month, year), either
through load shifting or shedding.
– By reducing this maximum load, the prosumer can save on tariff costs.
• Self‐balancing
– It is typical for prosumers who also generate electricity (PV or CHP
systems).
– Value is created through the difference in the prices of buying,
generating, and selling electricity (including taxation if applicable).
– Note that solar PV self‐balancing is not meaningful where national
regulations allow for administrative balancing of net load and net
generation.
– It can include zero‐net injection optimization.
• Controlled islanding
– It provides supply during grid outages.
– Added value to the Prosumer depends on the grid’s reliability and the
potential damage from a grid outage.
– Islanding may require additional investments, such as storage and
synchronization systems.
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Partners involved

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Smart system of renewable energy storage based on INtegrated

EVs and bAtteries to empower mobile, Distributed and centralised
Energy storage in the distribution grid

http://h2020invade.eu/
https://twitter.com/INVADEH2020
https://www.linkedin.com/company/18070383/
https://www.facebook.com/invadeh2020

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and
Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 731148.

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