Present Subjunctive (Verb Tense) First Clause: Present Tense

AR ER-IR AR ER IR
Yo – I e a Yo O O O
Tu – You es as Tu AS ES ES
El/Ella/Usted – He/She e a El/Ella/Usted A E E
Nosotros/ras - We emos amos Nosotros/ras AMOS EMOS IMOS
Vosotros/ras – You are eis ais Vosotros/ras AIS EIS IS
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes – en an Ellos/Ellas/ AN EN EN
They Ustedes
To form:
1. “Yo” form present tense Second Clause: Subjuntive
2. Drop “O”
3. Add ending ER-IR AR
Yo A E
Example:
Tu AS ES
El hablar = Hablo (drop O) = Hable El/Ella/Ustedes A E
Ellos comer = Como (drop O) = Coman Nosotros/ras AMOS EMOS
Vosotros/ras AIS EIS
Tu vivir = Vivo (drop O) = Viva Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes AN EN

Present Subjunctive: Irregular Verbs

Wants – Quiere That – Que
Dar – de, des, de, demos, deis den
Hopes – Espero/ Esperar Is – Es
Ir - vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayais, vayan
Ser – sea, seas, sea, seamos, seais, sean Prays – Rezar Might – Poder
Haber – haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayais, hayan
Estar – este, estes, este, estemos, esteis, esten To Pray – Ruegar I might – Podria
Saber – sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepais, sepan
He might – El podria
To recommend – Recomender
Imperativo:
To prohibit – Prohiber
AR ER IR
Tu A E E To beg – Rogar / Suplicar
Usted E A A
Vosotros AD ED ID To want – Querer
Ustedes EN AN AN Recite – Recitar
Past Subjuntive: El Preterito Imperfecto de Subjunctive (The Past Imperfect of Subjunctive)
AR AR ER/IR ER/IR
Yo – I ARA ASE IERA IESE
Tu – You ARAS ASES IERAS IESES
El/Ella/Usted – He/She ARA ASE IERA IESE
Nosotros/ras – We ARAMOS ASEIMOS IERAMOS IESEMOS
Vosotros/ras – You are ARAIS ASEIS IERAIS IESEIS
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes – They ARAN ASEN IERAN IESEN
Primera Forma Segunda Forma Primera Forma Segunda Forma
First Form Second Form First Form Second Form

Subject + “que” + Subjunctive

Example: verb

I hope that he would sing

main clause
hope = ‘esperar’ Observe the endings for the subordinate clause
= can use the first/second form
Example:
We pray that our friend will arrive early
- Nosotros paramos que nuestra amiga
La abuela permitio que su nieta (bailar) bailara/bailase
- The grandmother allowed/permitted that her granddaughter to dance.
Yo no queria que vosotros (copiar) copiarais/copiaseis
- I don’t want that you would copy.
Perico no esperaba que yo (venir) veniera/veniese temprano.
- Perico hoped that I will come early.
 Passive Voice: Voz Pasiva
Active Voice: Voz Activa - The Subject Receives the Action
- The Subject Performs the Action - Object + Agent
Example: - (SER) + Past Participle + Por + Agent
- Juan escribio el libro Example:
(Subject) (Verb) (Object) - El libro fue escrito por Juan
- Las mujeres construiran la casa - La casa sera construida por las mujeres.
- El hombre escribe las cartas
(Subject) (Verb) (Object)
Answer: Las cartas son escritas por el hombre
Cartas – the direct object becomes the subject
Escribe – verb in active voice changes to passive
voice
Son escritas – to agree with cartas
El hombre – the subject changes to the agent
Los Verbos Reciprocal: Reciprocal Verbs

Reciprocal – An action by 2 or more persons that corresponds to each other

-What people do to each other

All plural
Reciprocal Nos WE
Pronounce Os YOU
Se THEY
Example:

1. Maria and Fe talk to each other in the telephone

- Maria y fe se hablar en el telefono

2. We greeted with each other during the party

- Nosotros nos saludamos durante le fiesta

Los Verbos Reflexivos: Reflexive Verb

- Action received by the subject that produces
the same action
- Someone does to oneself The reflexive pronounce is placed
- All verbs tense (past,present, future) Before the conjugated verb
Example:
Me Myself 1. I wash my hands
Te Yourself - Me lavo las manos
Se Himself/Herself 2. He washes his hands
Nos Ourselves - El se lava el pelo
Os Yourselves
Se Themselves
Simple Past Tense: El Pasado Simple

AR ER/IR
Yo E I
Tu ASTE ASTE
El/Ella/Usted O IO
Nosotros/ras AMOS IMOS
Vosotros/ras ASTEIS ISTEIS
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes ARON IERON

Simple Present Tense: El Presente Simple

AR ER IR
Yo O O O
Tu AS ES ES
El/Ella/Usted A E E
Nosotros/ras AMOS EMOS IMOS
Vosotros/ras AIS EIS IS
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes AN EN EN

Simple Future Tense: El Futuro (DO NOT REMOVE ENDING just add)

AR/ER/IR
Yo E
Tu AS
El/Ella/Usted A
Nosotros/ras EMOS
Vosotros/ras EIS
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes AN