BALANCE DE ENERGIA

Datos
 P del Crudo: 850 kg/m3
Cp del Crudo: 0.5 kcal/kg ◦C

 P del Gas: 0.62 kg/m3

Cp del Gas: 35.69 J/mol ◦K

 P del Nafta Liviana: 720 kg/m3

Cp del Nafta Liviana: 2200 J/g ◦K

 P del Keroseno: 820 kg/m3

Cp del Keroseno: 0.48 kcal/kg ◦C

 P del Diesel Liviano: 860 kg/m3

Cp del Diesel Liviano: 0.77 kcal/g ◦C

 P del Diesel Pesado: 950 kg/m3

Cp del Diesel Pesado: 0.65 kcal/g ◦C

 P del Crudo Reducido:

Cp del Crudo Reducido:
Energía Cinética

1 2
k = ṁV
2
Q̇=V ∙ A
Q̇
V=
A

Energía Potencial

ρ=m g h

ṁ=Q̇ ∙ ρ

CALOR
 2 CH-136F

Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=20,000
h
T 1=76 °C T 2=87 ° C

kcal kcal
Cp=0.5 0 =0.5
kg ° C h
kcal gr kcal
Conversión ∨ ∨° C=
g r ° C hr h

Q=¿(20,000 kg/h) (0.5 kcal/h) (87°C – 76°C)

Q=110,000 kcal/h

3 CH-135E

Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=20,000
h
T 1=87 °C T 2 =100° C
 4 CH-134D

Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=20,000
hr
T 1=100 ° C T 2=115 ° C

kcal kcal
Cp=0.5 =0.5
kg ° C hr
kcal gr kcal
Conversión ∨ ∨° C=
g r ° C hr hr

Q=¿(20,000 kg/h) (0.5 kcal/h) (115°C – 100°C)

Q=150,000 kcal/h

5 CH-122B
Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=20,000
h
T 1=115 ° C T 2 =132° C

kcal kcal
Cp=0.5 =0.5
kg ° C h
kcal gr kcal
Conversión ∨ ∨° C=
g r ° C hr hr

Q=¿(20,000 kg/h) (0.5 kcal/h) (132°C – 115°C)

Q=170,000 kcal/h

7 CH-123C

Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=20,000
h
T 1=198 ° C T 2=248 ° C

kcal kcal
Cp=0.5 =0.5
kg ° C hr
kcal g r kcal
Conversión ∨ ∨° C=
gr °C h h

Q=¿(20,000 kg/h) (0.5 kcal/h) (248°C – 198°C)

Q=500,000 kcal/h

11 CH-131A

Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=19,000
h
T 1=388 ° C T 2=388 ° C

kcal kcal
 kg ° C h

13 C0-111A
Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=32 00
h
T 1=99 °C T 2=89° C

J
Cp=35.69
mol ° K
Conversión
kcal
0.0002
J g° C kcal
35.69 ∨ ∨¿ 0.071
mol ° K J g°C
0.1
mol ° K
Conversión
kcal g ° C kcal
0.071 ∨ ∨¿ 0.071
g°C h h

Q=¿(3200 kg/h) (0.071 kcal/h) (89°C – 99°C)

Q=−2,272kcal/h

14 CD-111A
Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=32 00
h
T 1=89 °C T 2=89° C

kcal kcal
Cp=0.7 1 =0.77
kg ° C h
kcal
0.0002
J g° C kcal
35.69 ∨ ∨¿ 0.071
mol ° K J g°C
0.1
mol ° K
kcal g ° C kcal
0.071 ∨ ∨¿ 0.071
g°C h h

Q=¿(3200 kg/h) (0.071 kcal/h) (89°C – 89°C)

Q=−2272kcal/h

27 CH-111A

Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=1 00
h
T 1=266 ° C T 2=266 ° C
Cp=0. 48 =0. 48
kg ° C h

34 CH-147G

Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=100
h
T 1=325 ° C T 2=4 06 ° C

kcal kcal
Cp=0.77 =0. 77
kg ° C h
kcal gr kcal
Conversión ∨ ∨° C=
gr °C h h

Q=¿(100 kg/h) (0.77 kcal/h) (406°C – 325°C)

Q=6 237kcal/h

41 CH-148H
Q̇= ṁCp ( T 2 −T 1 )

kg
ṁ=100
h
T 1=5 00 ° C T 2=40 0° C

kcal kcal
Cp=0.65 =0. 65
kg ° C h
kcal gr kcal
Conversión ∨ ∨° C=
gr °C h h

Q=¿(100 kg/h) (0.65 kcal/h) (400°C – 500°C)

Q=−6 500kcal/h

ENERGIA POTENCIAL (Bombas)

 1 BA-132B

m
g=9.8 2
s
kg
ṁ=20,000
h
h= 7 m

2 0 , 0 00 |
kg 1 h
h 3600 s |
=5.55
kg
s
ρ=m g h
kg m 2
ρ=(5.55 )(9.8 2 )(5 m )
s s
ρ=271.95 J /s

ENERGIA CINETICA (Bombas)

 10 BA-133C

Calcular el área
10∈¿
2
π d 2 π (0.3 m) 2
A= = =0.0706 m
4 4

Calcular Q̇
3
ṁ 90 00 kg /h m
Q̇= = 3
=22.35
ρ 850 kg/m h

Calcular V
3
Q̇ 22.35 m /h m
V= = =316.572
A 0.0706 m2 h

v=316.572 m/h |3600

1h
s|
=0. 0 8 m/s

19,000 kg /h|
3600 s |
1h
=5.27 kg/ s

( )
2
1 kg m
k = 5 .27 (0.0 8 )
2 s s

( )( )
2 3
kg m kg m
3
= 3 =J /s
s s s
k =0.1 J /s

17 BA-111A
Calcular el área
6∈¿
2
π d 2 π (0.18 m)
A= = =0.0254 m2
4 4

Calcular Q̇
3
ṁ 2900 kg /h m
Q̇= = =4.02
ρ 7 20 kg/m3 h

2900 kg /h |3600
1h
s|
=0.8 0 kg/ s

Calcular V
3
Q̇ 4.02 m /h m
V= = =1 58.267
A 0.0254 m3 h

v=158.267 m/h |3600

1h
s|
=0. 0 4 m/s

( )
2
1 kg m
k = 0.80 (0.04 )
2 s s

( )( )
2 3
kg m kg m
3
= 3 =J /s
s s s
k =0.6 4 J /s

25 BA-144D

Calcular el área
32 BA-145E
Calcular el área
6∈¿
2
π d 2 π (0.18 m)
A= = =0.0254 m2
4 4

Calcular Q̇
3
ṁ 3700 kg /h m
Q̇= = 3
=4.30
ρ 860 kg/m h

3700 kg /h |3600
1h
s|
=1.02 kg /s

Calcular V
3
Q̇ 4.30 m /h m
V= = 3
=169.291
A 0.0254 m h

v=169.291 m/h |3600

1h
s|
=0. 04 m/s

( )
2
1 kg m
k= 1.02 (0.04 )
2 s s

( )( )
2 3
kg m kg m
3
= 3 =J /s
s s s
k =0.816 J / s

39 BA-146F
Calcular el área
6∈¿
2 2
π d π (0.18 m) 2
A= = =0.0254 m
4 4

Calcular Q̇
3
ṁ 1700 kg /h m
Q̇= = 3
=1.789
ρ 950 kg /m h

1700 kg /h |3600
1h
s|
=0.47 kg /s

Calcular V
3
Q̇ 1.789 m /h m
V= = 3
=70.433
A 0.0254 m h

v=70.433 m/h |3600

1h
s|
=0.01 m/s

( )
2
1 kg m
k= 0.47 (0.01 )
2 s s

( )( )
2 3
kg m kg m
3
= 3 =J /s
s s s
k =0.037 J / s

44 BA-147G
Calcular el área
10∈¿
2
π d 2 π (0.3 m)
A= = =0.0 706 m2
4 4

Calcular Q̇
3
ṁ 82 00 kg/h m
Q̇= = =9 .64
ρ 850 kg/m3 h

82 00 kg /h |3600
1h
s|
=2.27 kg/ s

Calcular V
3
Q̇ 9 .64 m /h m
V= = 3
=136.543
A 0.0 706 m h

v=136.543 m/h |3600

1h
s|
=0.0 3 m/s

( )
2
1 kg m
k= 2.27 (0.0 3 )
2 s s

( )( )
2 3
kg m kg m
3
= 3 =J /s
s s s
k =1.02 J /s