Origen de la vida

Hipótesis sobre el origen de la vida

 Alfonso L. Herrera : Biopoyesis y
Plasmogenia. Los sulfobios y otros.
 Oparin: 1921 y 1925
 JBS Haldane: 1929
 Haeckel 1839-190?

Huxley
Darwin c. 1850
 Afirmaba Oparin que la evolución biológica había sido precedida de
una etapa de evolución química, y que el planeta primitivo
albergaba las condiciones físicas y los ingredientes químicos
necesarios para iniciar la vida
 John B. S. Haldane propuso en 1929 unas ideas similares. Introdujo
la idea de una sopa prebiótica, formada por los compuestos
orgánicos disueltos en los mares, como materia prima para la
formación de los primeros seres vivientes: algo parecido a los virus
actuales.
 Darwin y“charca templada” con los componentes químicos
adecuados habría podido ser la cuna del nacimiento natural de la
vida. Por otra, el lamento por haberse rendido a las opiniones
críticas y haber usado la palabra “del Pentateuco”, es decir,
“Creación”, para referirse al origen de la vida. En 1862 Ernst
Haeckel se refiere al problema del origen de la vida como el gran
ausente de la obra de Darwin y acusa al naturalista inglés de
incoherente y poco sincero
La idea de Darwin sobre el origen del primer
organismo vivo (1871).
En Oparin 1957: Notas sobre Leduc y Herrera.
Algas y Hongos artificiales de Leduc citado en
Oparin 1957.
Células artificiales de Herrera (En: Oparin 1957)
Bibliografía del capítulo IV de Oparin 1957
Experimentos de Miller y Urey
Abundancia de Elementos en el Universo
 Prebiotic adenine revisited: eutectics and
photochemistry. Orig Life Evol Biosph. 2004 Aug;34(4):361-9

 Orgel LE.
 The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA.
orgel@salk.edu
 Recent studies support an earlier suggestion that, if adenine was
formed prebiotically on the primitive earth, eutectic freezing of
hydrogen cyanide solutions is likely to have been important. Here
we revisit the suggestion that the synthesis of adenine may have
involved the photochemical conversion of the tetramer of hydrogen
cyanide in eutectic solution to 4-amino-5-cyano-imidazole. This
would make possible a reaction sequence that does not require the
presence of free ammonia. It is further suggested that the reaction of
cyanoacetylene with cyanate in eutectic solution to give cytosine
might have proceeded in parallel with adenine synthesis.
 Self-organizing biochemical cycles
Leslie E. Orgel* PNAS 2000;97;12503-12507

Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
CA 92037-1099
Contributed by Leslie E. Orgel, August 24, 2000
I examine the plausibility of theories that postulate the development
of complex chemical organization without requiring the
replication of genetic polymers such as RNA. One conclusion is that
theories that involve the organization of complex, small-molecule
metabolic cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle on mineral
surfaces make unreasonable assumptions about the catalytic properties
of minerals and the ability of minerals to organize sequences
of disparate reactions. Another conclusion is that data in the
Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry that have been claimed
to support the hypothesis that the reductive citric acid cycle
originated as a self-organized cycle can more plausibly be interpreted
in a different way.
metabolic cycles u reductive citric acid cycle u Beilstein
 Self-organizing biochemical cycles
Leslie E. Orgel* PNAS 2000;97;12503-12507

 The nature of the first genetic material and the prebiotic

 chemistry that permitted its emergence are central themes in
 discussions of the origins of life. The discovery of ribozymes and
 the consequent rather general acceptance of the RNA world
 hypothesis (1) pose an inescapable question: How were ribonucleotides
 first formed on the primitive earth? This is a very
 difficult problem. Stanley Miller’s synthesis of the amino acids by
 sparking a reducing atmosphere (2) was the paradigm for
 prebiotic synthesis for many years, so at first, it was natural to
 suppose that similar methods would meet with equal success in
 the nucleotide field. However, nucleotides are intrinsically more
 complicated than amino acids, and it is by no means obvious that
 they can be obtained in a few simple steps under prebiotic
 conditions. A remarkable synthesis of adenine (3) and more
 or less plausible syntheses of the pyrimidine nucleoside bases (4)
 have been reported, but the synthesis of ribose and the regiospecific
 combination of the bases, ribose, and phosphate to give
 b-nucleotides remain problematical.
Experimentos de Alfonso L. Herrera