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TIPOS DE FLUJO .- Existen varios tipos de flujo dependiendo de las características del mismo :
δ2
δ1
V1
m1 m2 V2
Δl1
Δl2
Δl2 ⎛ m ⎞
V2 = ―― ⎜―⎟ ∴ Δl2 = V2 ⋅ Δt
Δt ⎝ s ⎠
δ1 ⋅ A1 ⋅ Δl1 δ2 ⋅ A2 ⋅ Δl2
∴ ―――― = ――――
Δt Δt
Sabemos que :
⎛m⎞
V1;2 = “velocidad del fluido en el conducto” ⎜―⎟
⎝ s ⎠
m1;2 = “masa que circula en el conducto” ((kg))
―→ ―→ ―→
F1 = P1 ⋅ A1 ⋅ i = δ1 ⋅ g ⋅ A1 ⋅ i ((N))
―→ ―→ ―→
F2 = P2 ⋅ A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝- i ⎞⎠ = δ2 ⋅ g ⋅ A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝- i ⎞⎠ ((N))
―→ ―→ ―→
F2 = P2 ⋅ A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝- i ⎞⎠ = δ2 ⋅ g ⋅ A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝- i ⎞⎠ ((N))
si el fluido es incompresible : V1 = V2 y m1 = m2
Por otro lado parte de el trabajo debido a la fuerza se transformara en energía cinética, y otra parte en
energía potencial gravitacional por tanto tendremos :
1 1 1
ΔEC = ―⋅ m2 ⋅ v2 2 - ―⋅ m1 ⋅ v1 2 = ―⋅ m ⋅ ⎛⎝v2 2 - v1 2 ⎞⎠ ((J ; N ⋅ m))
2 2 2
W = ΔEC + ΔEP
1
∴ ⎛⎝P1 - P2⎞⎠ ⋅ V = ―m ⋅ ⎛⎝v2 2 - v1 2 ⎞⎠ + m ⋅ g ⋅ ⎛⎝y2 - y1⎞⎠
2
Dividiendo la ecuación entre V :
1 m m
⎛⎝P1 - P2⎞⎠ = ―⋅ ―⋅ ⎛⎝v2 2 - v1 2 ⎞⎠ + ―⋅ g ⋅ ⎛⎝y2 - y1⎞⎠
2 V V
m
δ=―
V
1
∴ ⎛⎝P1 - P2⎞⎠ = ―⋅ δ ⋅ ⎛⎝v2 2 - v1 2 ⎞⎠ + δ ⋅ g ⋅ ⎛⎝y2 - y1⎞⎠
2
1 1
∴ P1 + ―⋅ δ ⋅ v1 2 + δ ⋅ g ⋅ y1 = P2 + ―⋅ δ ⋅ v2 2 + δ ⋅ g ⋅ y2
2 2
1
∴ P + ―⋅ δ ⋅ v 2 + δ ⋅ g ⋅ y = constante ecuación de Bernoulli
2