UNIDAD VI.

Solución de ecuaciones
no lineales.
6.1. Sistemas de ecuaciones no lineales.
Sea el sistema No Lineal.

𝑓1 (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 ) = 0
𝑓2 (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 ) = 0
𝑓3 (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 ) = 0
⋮
𝑓𝑛 (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 ) = 0

La solución de este sistema consta de un conjunto de valores 𝑥𝑖 que simultáneamente hacen

que todas las ecuaciones sean iguales a cero.

Este tipo de sistemas de ecuaciones se pueden resolver por los métodos iterativos de Jacobi y
Gauss-Seidel.

Ejemplo 1. Resolver el sistema de ecuaciones no lineales por el método de Gauss-Seidel con

una precisión de Ep = 0.001.

𝑥12 − 𝑥22 = 4
−𝑥1
𝑒 + 𝑥1 𝑥2 = 1

Se despejan las 𝑥𝑖 :

2
𝑥1𝑘+1 = √4 + (𝑥2𝑘 )
𝑘+1
1 − 𝑒 −𝑥1
𝑥2𝑘+1 =
𝑥1𝑘+1

K=0 𝑥 0 = {𝑥10 , 𝑥20 } = {0,0}

𝑥11 = √4 + (𝑥20 )2 = √4 + (0)2 = 2

1
1 − 𝑒 −𝑥1 1 − 𝑒 −2
𝑥21 = = = 0.43233236
𝑥11 2

𝑥 1 = {𝑥11 , 𝑥21 } = {2, 0.43233236}

1
 |𝑥11 − 𝑥10 | + |𝑥21 − 𝑥20 | + |𝑥31 − 𝑥30 | ≤ 𝐸𝑝

|1.4 − 0| + |0.86 − 0| + |1.232 − 0| ≤ 𝐸𝑝

3.492 ≤ 𝐸𝑝 𝑁𝑂

K=1 𝑥 1 = {𝑥11 , 𝑥21 , 𝑥31 } = {1.4, 0.86, 1.232}

1 1
𝑥12 = (14 − 3𝑥21 − 𝑥31 ) = (14 − 3(0.86) − (1.232)) = 1.0188
10 10
1 1
𝑥22 = (10 − 𝑥12 + 𝑥31 ) = (10 − (1.0188) + (1.232)) = 1.02132
10 10
1 1
𝑥32 = (12 − 𝑥12 + 2𝑥22 ) = (12 − (1.0188) + 2(1.02132)) = 1.302384
10 10

𝑥 2 = {𝑥12 , 𝑥22 , 𝑥32 } = {1.0188, 1.02132, 1.302384}

|𝑥12 − 𝑥11 | + |𝑥22 − 𝑥21 | + |𝑥32 − 𝑥31 | ≤ 𝐸𝑝

|1.0188 − 1.4| + |1.02132 − 0.86| + |1.302384 − 1.232| ≤ 𝐸𝑝

0.612904 ≤ 𝐸𝑝 𝑁𝑂

K=2 𝑥 2 = {𝑥12 , 𝑥22 , 𝑥32 } = {1.0188, 1.02132, 1.302384}

1 1
𝑥13 = (14 − 3𝑥22 − 𝑥32 ) = (14 − 3(1.02132) − (1.302384)) = 0.9633656
10 10
1 1
𝑥23 = (10 − 𝑥13 + 𝑥32 ) = (10 − (0.9633656) + (1.302384)) = 1.03390184
10 10
1 1
𝑥33 = (12 − 𝑥13 + 2𝑥23 ) = (12 − (0.9633656) + 2(1.03390184)) = 1.31044381
10 10

𝑥 3 = {𝑥13 , 𝑥23 , 𝑥33 } = {0.9633656, 1.03390184, 1.31044381}

|𝑥13 − 𝑥12 | + |𝑥23 − 𝑥22 | + |𝑥33 − 𝑥32 | ≤ 𝐸𝑝

|0.9633656 − 1.0188| + |1.03390184 − 1.02132| + |1.31044381 − 1.302384| ≤ 𝐸𝑝

0.07607605 ≤ 𝐸𝑝 𝑁𝑂

K=3 𝑥 3 = {𝑥13 , 𝑥23 , 𝑥33 } = {0.9633656, 1.03390184, 1.31044381}

2
 1 1
𝑥14 = (14 − 3𝑥23 − 𝑥33 ) = (14 − 3(1.03390184) − (1.31044381)) = 0.95878507
10 10
1 1
𝑥24 = (10 − 𝑥14 + 𝑥33 ) = (10 − (0.95878507) + (1.31044381)) = 1.03516587
10 10
1 1
𝑥34 = (12 − 𝑥14 + 2𝑥24 ) = (12 − (0.95878507) + 2(1.03516587)) = 1.31044381
10 10

𝑥 4 = {𝑥14 , 𝑥24 , 𝑥34 } = {0.95878507, 1.03516587, 1.31044381}

|𝑥14 − 𝑥13 | + |𝑥24 − 𝑥23 | + |𝑥34 − 𝑥33 | ≤ 𝐸𝑝

|0.95878507 − 0.9633656| + |1.03516587 − 1.03390184| + |1.31044381 − 1.31044381| ≤ 𝐸𝑝

0.00655543 ≤ 𝐸𝑝 𝑁𝑂

K=4 𝑥 4 = {𝑥14 , 𝑥24 , 𝑥34 } = {0.95878507, 1.03516587, 1.31044381}

1 1
𝑥15 = (14 − 3𝑥24 − 𝑥34 ) = (14 − 3(1.03516587) − (1.31044381)) = 0.95833477
10 10
1 1
𝑥25 = (10 − 𝑥15 + 𝑥34 ) = (10 − (0.95833477) + (1.31044381)) = 1.03528199
10 10
1 1
𝑥35 = (12 − 𝑥15 + 2𝑥25 ) = (12 − (0.95833477) + 2(1.03528199)) = 1.31122292
10 10

𝑥 5 = {𝑥15 , 𝑥25 , 𝑥35 } = {0.95833477, 1.03528199, 1.31122292}

|𝑥15 − 𝑥14 | + |𝑥25 − 𝑥24 | + |𝑥35 − 𝑥34 | ≤ 𝐸𝑝

|0.95833477 − 0.95878507| + |1.03528199 − 1.03516587| + |1.31122292 − 1.31044381| ≤ 𝐸𝑝

0.00063466 ≤ 𝐸𝑝 𝑆𝐼

La solución del sistema lineal es:

𝑥1 = 0.95833477
𝑥2 = 1.03528199
𝑥3 = 1.31122292

Con una convergencia de 0.00063408.

k x1 x2 Er Er <= Ep
x0 0 0 0
1 2 0.43233236 2.43233236 NO
2 2.04619434 0.42555794 0.05296876 NO
3
3 2.04477372 0.42576375 0.00162643 NO
4 2.04481656 0.42575754 0.00004905 SI

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6.3. Aplicaciones a la ingeniería

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