1.

Cálculo de polinomios de Taylor PDF1

Ejercicio 1. Para cada una de las funciones dadas por las fórmulas siguientes, obtener su
polinomio de MacLaurin de orden 4.
∞
𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥0 )
∑[ ] ∆𝑥 𝑛
𝑛!
𝑛

𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0
𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) 1
𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) 2
𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) 3
𝑓 4 (𝑥0 )
𝑃𝑀 = ∗ (∆𝑥) + ∗ (∆𝑥) + ∗ (∆𝑥) + ∗ (∆𝑥) + ∗ (∆𝑥)4
0! 1! 2! 3! 4!

1. 𝟏 + 𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 1 + 𝑥0

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 1

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = 0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = 0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 0

1 + 𝑥0 1 0 0 0
𝑃𝑀 = ∗ 1 + ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 + ∗ (𝑥)4
1 1 2 6 24

𝑃𝑀 = 1 + 𝑥

2. (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝟑

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = (1 + 𝑥0 )3

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 3(1 + 𝑥0 )2

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = 6(1 + 𝑥0 )

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = 6

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 0

(1 + 𝑥0 )3 3(1 + 𝑥0 )2 6(1 + 𝑥0 ) 6 0
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 + ∗ (𝑥)4
1 1 2 6 24

𝑃𝑀 = 1 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3

3. 𝒙𝟓
 𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑥05

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 5𝑥04

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = 20𝑥03

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = 60𝑥02

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 120𝑥0

𝑥05 5𝑥04 20𝑥03 60𝑥02 120𝑥0

𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 + ∗ (𝑥)4
1 1 2 6 24

𝑃𝑀 = 𝑥 5

4. (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝟓

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = (1 + 𝑥0 )5

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 5(1 + 𝑥0 )4

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = 20(1 + 𝑥0 )3

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = 60(1 + 𝑥0 )2

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 120(1 + 𝑥0 )

(1 + 𝑥0 )5 5(1 + 𝑥0 )4 20(1 + 𝑥0 )3 60(1 + 𝑥0 )2

𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3
1 1 2 6
120(1 + 𝑥0 )
+ ∗ (𝑥)4
24

𝑃𝑀 = 1 + 5𝑥 + 10𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 4

5. 𝒆𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑒 𝑥0

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 𝑒 𝑥0

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = 𝑒 𝑥0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = 𝑒 𝑥0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 𝑒 𝑥0
 𝑒 𝑥0 𝑒 𝑥0 𝑒 𝑥0 𝑒 𝑥0 𝑒 𝑥0
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 + ∗ (𝑥)4
1 1 2 6 24

𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
𝑃𝑀 = 1 + 𝑥 + + +
2 6 24

6. 𝒆𝟐𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑒 2𝑥0

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 2𝑒 2𝑥0

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = 4𝑒 2𝑥0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = 8𝑒 2𝑥0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 16𝑒 2𝑥0

𝑒 2𝑥0 2𝑒 2𝑥0 4𝑒 2𝑥0 8𝑒 2𝑥0 16𝑒 2𝑥0

𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 + ∗ (𝑥)4
1 1 2 6 24

4𝑥 3 2𝑥 4
𝑃𝑀 = 1 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + +
3 3

7. 𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥0

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = cos 𝑥0

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = − cos 𝑥0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥0
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥0 cos 𝑥0 −𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥0 − cos 𝑥0 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥0
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 + ∗ (𝑥)4
1 1 2 6 24

𝑥3
𝑃𝑀 = 𝑥 −
6

8. 𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝟑𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥0

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 3cos 3𝑥0

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = −9𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = − 27cos 3𝑥0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 81𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥0

𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥0 3 cos 3𝑥0 −9𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥0 −27 cos 𝑥0

𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3
1 1 2 6
81𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥0
+ ∗ (𝑥)4
24

9𝑥 3
𝑃𝑀 = 3𝑥 −
2

9. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥0

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = −sen 𝑥0

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = sen 𝑥0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥0 −sen 𝑥0 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥0 sen 𝑥0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥0
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 + ∗ (𝑥)4
1 1 2 6 24

𝑥2 𝑥4
𝑃𝑀 = 1 − +
2 24

10. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟑𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 3𝑥0

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = 3sen −3𝑥0

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = −9𝑐𝑜𝑠 −3𝑥0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = 27sen −3𝑥0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = −81𝑐𝑜𝑠 −3𝑥0

𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 3𝑥0 3sen −3𝑥0 −9𝑐𝑜𝑠 −3𝑥0 27sen −3𝑥0

𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3
1 1 2 6
−81𝑐𝑜𝑠 −3𝑥0
+ ∗ (𝑥)4
24

9𝑥 2 27𝑥 4
𝑃𝑀 = 1 − +
2 8
 𝟏
11. 𝟏−𝒙

𝑥0 = 𝑜

1
𝑓(𝑥0 ) =
1 − 𝑥0

1
𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥0 )2

2
𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥0 )3

6
𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥0 )4

24
𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥0 )5

1 1 2 6 24
1 − 𝑥0 (1 − 𝑥0 )2 (1 − 𝑥0 )3 (1 − 𝑥 0 )4 (1 − 𝑥0 )5
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ 𝑥3 +
1 1 2 6 24
∗ 𝑥4

𝑃𝑀 = 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4
𝟏
12. 𝟏−𝒙𝟐

𝑥0 = 𝑜

1
𝑓(𝑥0 ) =
1 − 𝑥02

2𝑥02
𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥02 )2

2(3𝑥02 + 1)
𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥02 )3

24𝑥0 (𝑥02 + 1)
𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥02 )4

24(𝑥 2 + 10𝑥02 + 1)
𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥02 )5

1 2𝑥02 2(3𝑥02 + 1) 24(𝑥02 + 1)

2 2 2 3
1 − 𝑥0 (1 − 𝑥0 ) (1 − 𝑥0 ) (1 − 𝑥02 )4
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ 𝑥3
1 1 2 6
24(𝑥 4 + 10𝑥02 + 1)
(1 − 𝑥02 )5
+ ∗ 𝑥4
24
 𝑃𝑀 = 1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4

13. ln(1+x)

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = ln(1+x)

1
𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) =
1 + 𝑥0

−1
𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 + 𝑥0 )2

2
𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 + 𝑥0 )3

−6
𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 + 𝑥0 )4

1 −1 2 −6
ln(1 + 𝑥0 ) 1 + 𝑥0 (1 + 𝑥 0 )2 (1 + 𝑥0 )3 (1 + 𝑥0 )4
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3 +
1 1 2 6 24
∗ (𝑥)4

𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
𝑃𝑀 = 𝑥 − + −
2 3 4

14. ln(1-x)

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = ln(1 − 𝑥0 )

1
𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = −
1 − 𝑥0

1
𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = −
(1 − 𝑥0 )2

2
𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = −
(1 − 𝑥0 )3

6
𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = −
(1 − 𝑥0 )4

1 1 2
ln(1 − 𝑥0 ) −1 − 𝑥 − 2 −
0 (1 − 𝑥0 ) (1 − 𝑥0 )3
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3
1 1 2 6
6
−
(1 − 𝑥0 )4
+ ∗ (𝑥)4
24
 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
𝑃𝑀 = −𝑥 − − −
2 3 4

15. 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙)

𝑥0 = 𝑜

𝑓(𝑥0 ) = arctan 𝑥0

1
𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) =
1 + 𝑥02

−2𝑥02
𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥02 )2

−2(3𝑥02 + 1)
𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥02 )3

24𝑥0 (−𝑥02 + 1)
𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) =
(1 − 𝑥02 )4

1 −2𝑥02 −2(3𝑥02 + 1)
arctan 𝑥0 1 + 𝑥02 (1 − 𝑥02 )2 (1 − 𝑥02 )3
𝑃𝑀 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥)1 + ∗ (𝑥)2 + ∗ (𝑥)3
1 1 2 6
24𝑥0 (−𝑥02 + 1)
(1 − 𝑥02 )4
+ ∗ (𝑥)4
24

𝑥3
𝑃𝑀 = 𝑥 −
3
PDF 4

EJERCICIO N° 5

Calcular, mediante la diferencial, una aproximación de cos (150°) y dar una cota del error
cometido.

𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓´(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Datos

𝑓(𝑥) = cos(150°)

√3
𝑓(𝑥) = −
2

𝑓´(𝑥) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(150°)

1
𝑓´(𝑥) = −
2

𝑑𝑥 = 155° − 150° = 5

𝑑𝑥 = 0.087266 𝑟𝑎𝑑

√3 1
cos(155°) ≈ − − ∗ (0.087266 )
2 2

cos(155°) ≈ −0.90965863 → 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜

cos(155°) = −0.9063077 → 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙

𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 − 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜

%𝐸 = ∗ 100%
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙

−0.9063077 + 0.90965863
%𝐸 < ∗ 100%
0.9063077

%𝐸 < 0.364%

EJERCICIO N° 12

𝑥 2 −4
Dada la función: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−2

a. Calcular el polinomio de Taylor de esta función en a=2 y obtener la expresión del resto
de Lagrange.
b. Calcular de forma aproximada 𝑓(2.1) con el polinomio de grado 3 y dar una cota de
error.
a)
∞
𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥0 )
∑[ ] ∆𝑥 𝑛
𝑛!
𝑛

𝑓(𝑥0 ) 𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) 𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) 𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) 𝑓 4 (𝑥0 )

𝑃𝑇 = ∗ (∆𝑥)0 + ∗ (∆𝑥)1 + ∗ (∆𝑥)2 + ∗ (∆𝑥)3 + ∗ (∆𝑥)4
0! 1! 2! 3! 4!

𝑥0 = 𝑎 = 2

𝑥02 − 4
𝑓(𝑥0 ) =
𝑒 𝑥0 −2

𝑓 1 (𝑥0 ) = −(𝑥02 − 2𝑥0 − 4)𝑒 2−𝑥0

𝑓 2 (𝑥0 ) = (𝑥02 − 4𝑥0 − 2)𝑒 2−𝑥0

𝑓 3 (𝑥0 ) = −(𝑥02 − 6𝑥0 + 2)𝑒 2−𝑥0

𝑓 4 (𝑥0 ) = (𝑥02 − 8𝑥0 + 8)𝑒 2−𝑥0

𝑥02 − 4
𝑥0 −2 −(𝑥02 − 2𝑥0 − 4)𝑒 2−𝑥0 (𝑥02 − 4𝑥0 − 2)𝑒 2−𝑥0
𝑃𝑇 = 𝑒 ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥−𝑎)1 + ∗ (𝑥−𝑎)2
1 1 2
−(𝑥02 − 6𝑥0 + 2)𝑒 2−𝑥0 (𝑥02 − 8𝑥0 + 8)𝑒 2−𝑥0
+ ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑎)3 + ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑎)4
6 24

(𝑥 − 2)4 𝑛2 − 5𝑛
𝑃𝑇 = 4(𝑥 − 2) − 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − 2)3 − + ⋯ + (−1)𝑛 (𝑥 − 2)2
6 𝑛!

𝑓 (𝑛+1) ∗ 𝑎
𝑅𝑛(𝑥) = ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑛+1)
(𝑛 + 1)!

𝑒 2−𝑡 (𝑛 − 1)𝑡 2 − 2𝑡(𝑛 + 1) + (𝑛2 − 3𝑛 + 4)

𝑅𝑛(𝑥) = (−1)𝑛+1 ∗ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑛+1)
(𝑛 + 1)!

𝑡 = 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 2 𝑦 𝑥

b)

𝑥02 − 4
𝑒 𝑥0−2 −(𝑥02 − 2𝑥0 − 4)𝑒 2−𝑥0 1
(𝑥02 − 4𝑥0 − 2)𝑒 2−𝑥0
𝑃𝑇 = ∗1+ ∗ (𝑥−𝑎) + ∗ (𝑥−𝑎)2
1 1 2
−(𝑥02 − 6𝑥0 + 2)𝑒 2−𝑥0
+ ∗ (𝑥 − 𝑎)3
6

𝑃𝑇 = 4(𝑥 − 2) − 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − 2)3

 𝑥2 − 4
𝑓(𝑥) = → 𝑥 = 2.1
𝑒 𝑥−2

𝑓(𝑥) = 0.3709833 → 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙

𝑃𝑇 = 4(𝑥 − 2) − 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − 2)3 → 𝑥 = 2.1

𝑃𝑇(2.1) = 0.371 → 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜

𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 − 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜

%𝐸 = ∗ 100%
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙

0.3709833 − 0.371
%𝐸 < ∗ 100%
0.3709833

%𝐸 < −4.50 × 10−3 %