Chapter 2 COMBINATIONS OF LOADS 21 GENERAL Bins an terres tl e designed sing the pov Pe tse excise or prpordning elements patil Consrveton mteal rego he state 22 SYMBOLS AND NOTATION D = dex tot ight of fe arthquake load lod due to fluids with well-defined pressures snd ‘maximum heights F, = flood load lad de to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure, for pressure of bulk materials 1 = live load L, = roof live load R= rin load = snow load T= sel-strtning force W = wind load |W; = wind-on-ce determined in accordance with Chapter 10 23 COMBINING FACTORED LOADS USING STRENGTH DESIGN 23.1 Applicability. The load combinations and load factors given in Section 232 shall be used only in those cases in which they are specially authorized hy the applicable material design standard 2.3.2 Basle Combinations, Structures, components, and foun dations shall he designed so that their design strength equals for exceeds the effects of the facored Toads in the Tollowing combinations: 1 14D +) 21D + FAT) + LOL +H) +0.5(L, oF Sor RY 3. 12D 4 L6(L, oF Sor R) + (L 00.8) 4, 120-4 16W +L -+05(L, or Sor R) 5. 12D 4 LOE +L +028 6. 09D 4 LOW + L6H 7. 09D 4108 + L6H EXCEPTIONS: 1, Tho fst on combinations (3), an (5 permite 0 equal fe al occupancies which Ly ae 4-1 ess th OF qual to 10 pf wh the excepton of garages o areas ose 2, The land atc on shal best equ zo in combiatons (6) and (hike setulae to H contr that to oe Minimum Design Loads for Bulaings and Other Structures ‘Where lta earth presse provi rian to srt ations Aecmah Foe al ot beac a ut sal Bac the design estan 4. In combinations), and (the companion Jad sale ten eth the la rot se a (poe te slp so Pr) ach relevant strength limit state sall be investigated. Emects ‘of one o more loads not acting shall be investigated. The most unfavorable effets from both wind and earthquake loses shal be Investigated, where appropriate, but they need not be considered tact simultaneously, Refer to Section 12.4 for specie deintion of the earthquake load effect E! 23.3 Load Combinations Including Flood Load. When a Structure i located in a flood zone (Section $3.1), the fllow- ing load combinations shall be considered 1. In V-Zones or Coastal A~Zones, 1.6W in combinations (4) and (6) shall be replaced by 1.6W + 2.0F, 2. Imnoncoastal A-Zones, 1.61 in combinations (4) and (6) shall be replaced by OW + 1.08,, 23.4 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric [ce Loads. ‘When a structure is subjected to atmospheric ice and wind-on-ice loads, the following load combinations shall be considered 1. OS(L, oF S oF R) in combination 2) shall be replaced by 020, +055 2. 1.6W 4-0.5(L, oF S or R) in combination (4) shall be re placed by Dy + W; 0.58 3. 1.6W in combination (6) shall be replaced by Dy |W) 2.4 COMBINING NOMINAL LOADS USING ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN 2.1 Baste Combinations. Loads listed herein shall he consi ‘red to actin the following combinations: whichever produces the most unfavorable effect in the building, foundation, or steuetural member being considered. Effects of ane or more loads not acting shall be considered. L DYE 2 DAHAP ELST DAHLE +(L,orSorR) D4 H+ F+OISL +7) +0.18(L, oF Sor R) DAHA FLW or08) D4 HAF + OT50V FTE) + O75. + 0.75(L, oF Sof R) 7.06) Wi 8. 06D 4078 +H 3 4 s 6 ie ime Ef Seton 124 sw fr both Setons 2.3.2 ad 2.4 Retrta he Chapter Comers forthe Sismis Provisions.EXCEPTION: In combinations 4 and, he omganion fad shal he taken a ether theft ro som a (pyr the sloped ro The most unfavorable effets from both wind and earthquake loads shall be considered, where appropriate but they need not be assumed to act simultaneously, Refer to Section 124 forthe spectic definition ofthe earthquake load effect E.? Increases in allowable tess shall not be used with the oad oF load combinations given inthis standatd unless itean be demon- strated that such an ineease i justified by structural behavior ceased by rate or duration of lod 2.42 Load Combinations Including Flood Load. When 2 Structure is focated tn a Mood zone, the Totlowing load comb nations shall be considered 1. In V-Zones oF Coastal A-Zones (Section 5.3.1), | SF shall be aulded to other loads in combinations (5), (6), and (7), and E shall be et equal o zero in (5) and (6). Refer to the Chapter 11 Commentary foe the Seismic Provisions. 2, Innon-coastal A-Zones, 0:75 F, shall he added to combina tions (5) (6), and (7) and shall beset equal tora in (S) and (6). 24.3 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric fee Loads. ‘When a structure is subjected to atmospheric ie and wind-on-ice lous, the following load combinations shall be considered: to met ceombinaton (2), (Ly oF S oe R) in combination (3) shall be replaced by 040, -0.7W,-+5. 3. W in combination (7) shall be replaced by 0.7, 10.1, 2.5 LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS ‘Where required by the applicable code, standard, or the author- ity having jurisdiction, strength and stability shall be checked to censure that structures are capable of withstanding the effects of extraordinary (ie, los-probabiity) evens, such as fires, explo sions, snd vehicular impact ASCE7-05,