CÁLCULO

DIFERENCIAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01
Límite de
03
funciones Derivadas

02 04
Ecuaciones
Integrales diferenciales
01
LÍMITES DE
FUNCIONES
A Picture Is Worth
a Thousand Words
¿Qué es el límite?
 ¿Qué es límite?

TÚ COCINA (k)
Lim =
K
 Calculando lim 𝑓 𝑥
𝑥→𝑎
a. Sustitución directa
𝑓 𝑎
𝑏 0
𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑓 𝑎 = 0,𝑏 ≠ 0 𝑓 𝑎 = 0
b. Límite hallado c. Asíntota d. Forma
indeterminada

Reescribir el límite en una forma equivalente

e. Id. trigonométricas f. Conjugar g. Factorizar

Intentar evaluar el límite en su nueva forma

Leyes de
Límites
 lim 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑀 ; lim 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑁
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Suma lim 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 =𝑀+𝑁

𝑥→𝑎

Diferencia lim 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔 𝑥
𝑥→𝑎
= 𝑀−𝑁

Producto lim 𝑓 𝑥 . 𝑔 𝑥
𝑥→𝑎
= 𝑀. 𝑁

𝑓 𝑥 𝑀
Cociente lim = , 𝑁≠0
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔 𝑥 𝑁

Potencia lim 𝑓 𝑥
𝑥→𝑎
𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛
 EJERCICIO

Sean 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 5 y 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3
funciones definidas en los números
reales. Hallar :
𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔2𝑥 + 32
lim
𝑥→3 𝑓𝑥 − 4
 Recordar que:
𝑎 − 𝑏2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 𝑏
2 1. Evaluamos las funciones 𝑓 y 𝑔 en x = 3:

lim𝑓(𝑥) = 4 y lim𝑔(𝑥) = 6
x→3 x→3

2. Luego evaluamos en la expresión del ejercicio y

notamos que
𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔2𝑥 + 32 4 − 62 + 32 0
lim = =
𝑥→3 𝑓𝑥 − 4 4−4 0

3. Reemplazamos las expresiones de 𝑓 y 𝑔 y

simplificamos

𝑥 2 − 5 − (𝑥 + 3)2 + 32 𝑥 2 − (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) + 27
= lim = lim
𝑥→3 𝑥2 − 5 − 4 𝑥→3 𝑥2 − 9
−6x + 18 −6
lim = lim = −1
x→3 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) x→3 𝑥 + 3
 Otras herramientas útiles para
calcular límites

Teorema del Cambio de

Análisis de gráficas sandwich variable
A aprtir de la gráfica Si 𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 𝑔 𝑥 ≤ ℎ 𝑥 Si lim 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝐿
de la función es fácil y lim 𝑓 𝑥 = lim ℎ 𝑥 = 𝐿
𝑥→𝑎
entonces
conocer cualquier 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
entonces lim 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = lim 𝑓 𝑦
límite puntual. 𝑥→𝑎 𝑦→𝐿
lim 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝐿
𝑥→𝑎
 EJERCICIO

Calcular:

4𝑢 + 1 − 3
lim
𝑢→2 𝑢−2
 Recordar que:
𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 1. Evaluamos en 𝑢 = 2

4𝑢 + 1 − 3 4.2 + 1 − 3 0
lim = =
𝑢→2 u−2 2−2 0

2. Conjugamos la expresión anterior

4𝑢 + 1 − 3 4𝑢 + 1 + 3 4u + 1 − 9
lim . = lim
𝑢→2 u−2 4𝑢 + 1 + 3 𝑢→2 (u − 2) 4𝑢 + 1 + 3

4 4
lim =
𝑢→2 4𝑢 + 1 + 3 6
MÁS
EJERCICIOS
Y
PREGUNTAS
GRACIAS
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