Examen

Pregunta #2
Dado el sistema de ecuaciones
−3 x 2+7 x 3=2

x 1+ 2 x 2−x 3=3

5 x 1−2 x 2=2

a. Calcule el determinante.

| |
0 −3 7
( )
det A = 1 2 −1
5 −2 0

det ( A )=0∗2∗0+ (−3 )∗(−1 )∗5+7∗1∗(−2 )−7∗2∗5−0∗(−1 )∗(−2 ) — (−3 )∗1∗0

det ( A )=0+15−14−70−0−0
det ( A )=−69

b. Use la regla de Cramer para encontrar cuales son los valores de las x.

| | | | | |
2 −3 7 0 2 7 0 −3 2
3 2 −1 1 3 −1 1 2 3
2 −2 0 3 2 0 5 −2 2
x 1= x 2= x 3=
| A| | A| | A|

det ( x1 ) =2∗2∗0+ (−3 )∗(−1 )∗2+ 7∗3∗( 2 )−7∗2∗2−2∗(−1 )∗(−2 ) −(−3 )∗−3∗0

det ( x1 ) =0+6−92−28−4−0

det ( x1 ) =−68

det ( x2 ) =0∗3∗0+2∗(−1 )∗5+7∗1∗2−7∗3∗5−0∗(−1 )∗2−2∗1∗0

det ( x2 ) =0−10+14−105−0−0

det ( x2 ) =−101
det ( x3 ) =0∗2∗2+ (−3 ) 3∗5+2∗1∗(−2 ) −2∗2∗5−0∗3 (−2 )−(−3 )∗1∗2

det ( x3 ) =0−45−4−20−0+6

det ( x3 ) =−63

−68
x 1= =0.985507
−69

−101
x 2= =1.463768
−69

−63
x 3= =0.913043
−69

c. emplee la eliminación de Gauss con pivoteo parcial para obtener cuales serian los
valores de las x.
Gauss simple

[ ]
0 −3 7| 2
1 2 −1|3
5 −2 0| 2

[ ]
1 2 −1|3
5 −2 0| 2 F12 ( 5 )
0 −3 7| 2

[ ]
1 2 −1| 3
0 12 −5|13 F 23
0 −3 7| 2
−3
12 ( )

[ ]
1 2 −1| 3
0 12 −5| 2
0 0 −23 /4|−21 /4

−21
∗4
4 21
x 3= = =0.9130 43
−23 23
x 2=
13+5∗x 3
=
13+5∗ ( 2123 ) = 101 =1.463768
12 12 69

x 1=3−2∗x 2+ x3 =3−2∗ ( 101

69 ) 21 68
+ = =0.985507
23 69

Pivoteo parcial.

[ ]
5 −3 0| 2
1 2 −1|3 F12
0 −3 7| 2
1
5 ()

[ ]( )
5 −2 0| 2
−3
0 −12/5 1|−1 3/ 5 F12
−12
0 −3 7| 2
5

[ ]
5 −2 0| 2
1 −12/5
0 0
1| −13 /5 x 3=
−23 /4|−21/ 4
−21 4 21
= ; x 2=
4 −23 23 ( )
101
69
; x 1=
68
69

d. Sustituya sus resultados en las ecuaciones originales para efectos de comprobación.

−3 x 2+7 x 3=2

x 1+ 2 x 2−x 3=3

5 x 1−2 x 2=2

−3 ( 101
69 ) +7 ( )=2
21
23

( 6869 )+2( 101

69 ) −( ) =3
21
23
5 ( 6869 )−2( 101
69 )
=2