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Febrero, 2021
Mg. PMP. Gram Y. Rivas Sánchez 1
En el siguiente informe GCT-212
se presentan ejercicios sobre
construcción de modelos esfuerzos-
deformación del concreto
confinado y no confinado, como el
modelo de Hognestad (1951), Kent
y Park (1971) y Mander (1983,
1988)); así como, la construcción
de diagramas momento-curvatura
de secciones de concreto armado,
usando modelos simplificados del
diagrama o su versión completa por
iteraciones. Los ejercicios se
resuelven manualmente y las
respuestas se validan en ETABS
2019 y SAP 2000.v22.2.
Este informe GCT-212 ha sido
elaborado por el Grupo Civil
Trujillo y producciones D.SYR.
Febrero, 2021
1. Elaborar la curva esfuerzo-deformación del concreto según los modelos de Hognestad y Kent y Park . 5
2. Elaborar la curva esfuerzo-deformación del concreto según el modelo de Mander (1983, 1988) ....... 14
Solución:
Calcular el módulo de elasticidad:
𝐸𝑐 = 15100 ∗ √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 15100 ∗ √280 = 252671 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
Calcular la deformación unitaria del concreto:
2𝑓´𝑐 2 ∗ 280
𝜀𝑐 = = = 0.002 (𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝐸𝑐 252671
Calcular los puntos de la curva esfuerzo-deformación
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0004 0.0004 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 280 [ − ( ) ] = 100.8 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0006 0.0006 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 280 [ − ( ) ] = 142.8 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.001 0.001 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 280 [ − ( ) ] = 210.0 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0014 0.0014 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 280 [ − ( ) ] = 254.8 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0016 0.0016 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 280 [ − ( ) ] = 268.8 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2
′
2 ∗ 0.002 0.002 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 280 [ − ( ) ] = 280.0 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
0.15 ∗ 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ∗ (𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑜 ) 0.15 ∗ 280 ∗ (0.0038 − 0.002)
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 − [ ] = 280 − [ ]
𝜀𝑢 − 𝜀𝑜 0.0038 − 0.002
= 238.0 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
En resumen, se tiene:
εc(adimensional) fc(kgf/cm2)
0 0.0
0.0002 53.2
0.0004 100.8
0.0006 142.8
0.0008 179.2
Parábola A-B 0.001 210.0
0.0012 235.2
0.0014 254.8
0.0016 268.8
0.0018 277.2
0.002 280.0
0.0038 238.0
300.0
Curva esfuerzo-deformación del concreto (Hognestad, 1951)
250.0
200.0
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.0
f'c 280
100.0
50.0
0.0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
Solución:
2𝜀𝑐
′
𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0002 0.0002 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 39.9 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
2𝜀 𝜀 2 2∗0.0004 0.0004 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 [ 𝜀 𝑐 − (𝜀 𝑐 ) ] = 210 [ − ( 0.002 ) ] = 75.6 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝑜 𝑜 0.002
2𝜀 𝜀 2 2∗0.0006 0.0006 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 [ 𝜀 𝑐 − (𝜀 𝑐 ) ] = 210 [ − ( 0.002 ) ] = 107.1 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝑜 𝑜 0.002
2𝜀𝑐
′
𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.001 0.001 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 157.5 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0012 0.0012 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 176.4 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0016 0.0016 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 201.6 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
0.15 ∗ 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ∗ (𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑜 )
′
0.15 ∗ 210 ∗ (0.0038 − 0.002)
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 − [ ] = 210 − [ ]
𝜀𝑢 − 𝜀𝑜 0.0038 − 0.002
= 178.5 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
En resumen, se tiene:
εc(adimensional) fc(kgf/cm2)
0 0.0
0.0002 39.9
0.0004 75.6
0.0006 107.1
0.0008 134.4
Parábola A-B 0.001 157.5
0.0012 176.4
0.0014 191.1
0.0016 201.6
0.0018 207.9
0.002 210.0
0.0038 178.5
250.0
200.0
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.0
f'c 280
50.0
0.0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
Solución:
𝑏′′
𝜀50ℎ = 0.75 ∗ 𝑝′′ ∗ √ = 0.0037(Adimensional)
𝑆
2𝜀 𝜀 2 2∗0.0006 0.0006 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 [ 𝜀 𝑐 − (𝜀 𝑐 ) ] = 210 [ − ( 0.002 ) ] = 107.1 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝑜 𝑜 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0008 0.0008 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 134.4 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0012 0.0012 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 176.4 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0014 0.0014 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 191.1 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0018 0.0018 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 207.9 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
εc(adimensional) fc(kgf/cm2)
0 0.0
0.0002 39.9
0.0004 75.6
0.0006 107.1
0.0008 134.4
0.001 157.5
0.0012 176.4
0.0014 191.1
0.0016 201.6
0.0018 207.9
0.002 210.0
0.0082 105.0
0.0119 42.0
0.0143 42.0
200.0
confinado
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
200.0
confinado
sin confinar
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ∗ (1 − 𝑧 ∗ (𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑂 ))
Solución:
dc 51.0475 cm
bc 51.0475 cm
s' 9.0475 cm
Wx 21.2375 cm
Wy 21.2375 cm
área inefectiva 601.38 cm2
área efectiva 1664.95 cm2
pcc 0.0162
Acc 2563.75 cm2
Ke 0.6494 adimensional
Wx, Wy: es la separación cara a cara entre varillas longitudinales para cada direacción.
𝑊𝑥 2 𝑊𝑦 2
𝐴. 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 = 2 ∗ (𝑁°𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑋 − 1) ∗ 6
+ 2 ∗ (𝑁°𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑌 − 1) ∗ 6
21.23752 21.23752
= 2 ∗ (3 − 1) ∗ 6
+ 2 ∗ (3 − 1) ∗ 6
= 601.38 𝑐𝑚2
𝑠′ 𝑠′
𝐴. 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 = (𝑑𝑐 ∗ 𝑏𝑐 − 𝐴. 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎) ∗ (1 − ) ∗ (1 − )
2∗𝑏𝑐 2∗𝑑𝑐
9.0475 9.0475
= (51.0475 ∗ 51.0475 − 601.38) ∗ (1 − 2∗51.0475) ∗ (1 − 2∗51.0475) = 1664.85 𝑐𝑚2
El área inefectiva se debe a las parábolas horizontales (por acero longitudinal) y verticales
𝑑.𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜2 2.542
(𝜋∗𝑑.𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜2 +(𝑁°𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠−4)∗𝜋∗ ) (𝜋∗2.542 +(8−4)∗𝜋∗ )
𝜌𝑐𝑐 =
4 4
(𝑑𝑐−𝑑.𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑜)∗(𝑏𝑐−𝑑.𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑜)
= (51.0475−0.95)∗(51.0475−0.95) = 0.0162
1.32
ps 8.375E-03
fy (MPa) 411.9
εcu 0.0200
εcu/εc0 9.99
εcu/εcc 3.84
Solución:
𝑑𝑐 𝑏𝑐
𝜋∗𝑑.𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑜2 ∗𝑁°𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑋∗ +𝜋∗𝑑.𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑜2 ∗𝑁°𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑌∗
𝜌𝑠 = 4 4
𝑑𝑐∗𝑏𝑐∗𝑆𝑐
51.0475 51.0475
𝜋∗0.952 ∗3∗ +𝜋∗0.952 ∗3∗
= 4 4
= 8.375𝑥10−3
51.0475∗51.0475∗10
𝑓𝑦ℎ 4200
𝑓𝑦 = 10.1972 = 10.1972 = 411.9 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜀𝑠𝑢
𝜀𝑐𝑢 = 0.004 + 1.4 ∗ 𝜌𝑠 ∗ 𝑓𝑦ℎ ∗
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐
0.09
= 0.004 + 1.4 ∗ 8.375𝑥10−3 ∗ 4200 ∗ = 0.01999 = 0.0200 (𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
277.2
𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.0200
= = 9.99
𝜀𝑐0 0.002
𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.0200
= 5.200𝐸−03 = 3.84
𝜀𝑐𝑐
𝜀𝑐 0.0002
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 41.76 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0002
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0004
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 78.84 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0004
𝑟 − 1 + ( ) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
𝜀𝑐𝑐 5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0006
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 110.90 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0006
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0008
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ ( ) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
𝑓𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 1.32 = 138.26 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝑟 − 1 + ( ) 0.0008
𝜀𝑐𝑐 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.001
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ ( ) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
𝑓𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 1.32 = 161.45 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝑟 − 1 + ( ) 0.001
𝜀𝑐𝑐 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0012
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ ( ) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
𝑓𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 1.32 = 181.01 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝑟 − 1 + ( ) 0.0012
𝜀𝑐𝑐 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0014
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 197.48 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0014
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0016
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 211.34 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0016
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0018
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 222.98 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0018
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0025
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 250.85 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0025
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.003
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ ( ) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
𝑓𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 1.32 = 262.42 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 0.003
1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0035
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 269.42 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0035
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.004
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 273.94 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.004
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0052
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 277.20 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0052
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.01999
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (277.2 ∗ 1.32 ∗ (5.200𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.32 = 224.85 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.01999
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.32 − 1 + ( )
5.200𝑥10−3
εc(adimensional) fc(kgf/cm2)
0 0.00
0.0002 41.76
0.0004 78.84
0.0006 110.90
0.0008 138.26
0.001 161.45
0.0012 181.01
0.0014 197.48
0.0016 211.34
0.0018 222.98
0.002 232.76
0.0025 250.85
0.003 262.42
0.0035 269.65
0.004 273.94
0.0052 277.20
0.01999 224.85
250.00
200.00
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.00
confinado
100.00
50.00
0.00
-0.003 0.002 0.007 0.012 0.017 0.022
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
Solución:
𝑓′ 𝑐𝑐
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 = 𝑓𝑐0
∗ 𝑓𝑐0 = 1 ∗ 210 = 210 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝑓′ 𝑐𝑐
𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 𝜀0 ∗ (1 + 5 ∗ ( − 1)) = 0.002 ∗ (1 + 5 ∗ (1 − 1)) = 2.000𝑥10−3
𝑓𝑐0
𝜀𝑐𝑐 2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐0
= 0.002
= 1.00 (𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
′
𝑓 𝑐𝑐 210
𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2.000𝑥10−3 = 105,000.00 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝐸𝑐 217,370.65
𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑐
= 105,000.00 = 2.1 (𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝐸𝑐 217,370.65
𝑟 = 𝐸𝑐−𝐸𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 217,370.65−105,000.00 = 1.93 (𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
Calculamos los puntos de la gráfica:
𝜀𝑐 0.0002
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 42.94 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0002
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0004
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 83.00 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0004
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0006
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 118.11 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0006
𝑟 − 1 + ( ) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
𝜀𝑐𝑐 2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0008
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 147.14 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0008
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.001
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 169.82 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.001
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
Mg. PMP. Gram Y. Rivas Sánchez 21
𝜀𝑐 0.0012
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 186.53 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0012
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0014
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 198.02 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0014
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0016
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 205.18 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0016
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0018
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ ( ) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
𝑓𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 1.93 = 208.91 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝑟 − 1 + ( ) 0.0018
𝜀𝑐𝑐 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.002
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ ( ) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
𝑓𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 1.93 = 210.00 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝑟 − 1 + ( ) 0.002
𝜀𝑐𝑐 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0025
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 205.23 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0025
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.003
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 194.97 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.003
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.0035
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ (𝜀𝑐𝑐) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
2
𝑓𝑐 = = 1.93 = 182.91 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 0.0035
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
𝜀𝑐 0.004
𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ ( ) (210 ∗ 1.93 ∗ (2.000𝑥10−3 ))
𝑓𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝜀𝑐 𝑟 1.93 = 170.80 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
𝑟 − 1 + (𝜀𝑐𝑐) 0.004
1.93 − 1 + ( )
2.000𝑥10−3
εc(adimensional) fc(kgf/cm2)
0 0.00
0.0002 42.94
0.0004 83.00
0.0006 118.11
0.0008 147.14
0.001 169.82
0.0012 186.53
0.0014 198.02
0.0016 205.18
0.0018 208.91
0.002 210.00
0.0025 205.23
0.003 194.97
0.0035 182.91
0.004 170.80
0.005 0.00
250.00
200.00
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.00
confinado
100.00
no confinado
50.00
0.00
-0.003 0.002 0.007 0.012 0.017 0.022
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
εc(adimensional) fc(kgf/cm2)
0.0004806 92.45
0.0009611 157.06
0.001922 227.11
0.002883 255.84
0.003844 266.50
0.004806 268.92
0.007689 259.85
0.0106 246.03
0.0135 233.22
0.0163 222.12
0.0192 212.56
0.0204 209.09
300.00
Curva esfuerzo-deformación del Mander (1983)
250.00
200.00
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.00 confinado
no confinado
100.00
confinado SAP
50.00
0.00
-0.003 0.002 0.007 0.012 0.017 0.022
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
εc(adimensional) fc(kgf/cm2)
0.0002 42.94
0.000976 167.43
0.001568 204.29
0.002 210.00
0.003024 194.41
0.004 170.80
0.005 0.00
250.00
200.00
fc (kgf/cm2)
150.00 confinado
no confinado
100.00 no confi-SAP
confinado SAP
50.00
0.00
-0.003 0.002 0.007 0.012 0.017 0.022
deformación unitaria longitudinal (m/m)
Obtenemos la inercia de la sección transformada (𝐼. 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) Para considerar el aporte del acero
28.9
Solución:
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝑏 ∗ ℎ = 30 ∗ 60 = 1800
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = (𝑛 − 1) ∗ 𝑓𝑟 = (9 − 1) ∗ 28.98 = 80
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 + 𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 1880
𝑌𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = ℎ/2 = 60/2 = 30
𝑌𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 𝑟 = 5
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝑌𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 1800 ∗ 30 = 54000
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑌𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 80 ∗ 5 = 400
(𝐴𝑔 ∗ 𝑌)𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 + (𝐴𝑔 ∗ 𝑌)𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 54400
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝐴𝑔𝑐 ∗ (𝑌𝑐 − ( 𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎
)) = 1800 ∗ (30 − 28.94)2 = 2037.121 𝑐𝑚4
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝐴𝑔𝑎 ∗ (𝑌𝑎 − ( 𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎
)) = 80 ∗ (5 − 28.94)2 = 45835.220 𝑐𝑚4
ℎ3 603
𝐼𝑔 = 𝑏 ∗ 12 = 30 ∗ 12
= 540,000.00 𝑐𝑚4
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎 54400
yCG = = = 28.94 𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎 1880
𝑐 = ℎ − 𝑦𝐶𝐺 = 60 − 28.94 = 31.06 𝑐𝑚
𝐼. 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝐼𝑔 + 𝐼𝑐 + 𝐼𝑎 = 540,000.00 + 2037.121 + 45835.220 = 587,872.34 𝑐𝑚4
Obtenemos el momento que provoca el agrietamiento del concreto al traccionarlo:
𝐼.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 587,872.34
𝑆 + (𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜) = 𝑦𝐶𝐺
= 28.94 = 20,316.18 𝑐𝑚3
𝐼.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 587,872.34
𝑆 − (𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎) = 𝑐 = 31.06 = 18,924.66 𝑐𝑚3
𝑆+𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 20,316.18
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 𝑓𝑟 ∗ 1000
100
= 28.98 ∗ 1000
100
= 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚
1
𝑃2(∅, 𝑀𝑐𝑟) = 𝑃2 (4.55𝑥10−4 , 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚)
𝑚
p.acero 0.606%
k 0.28
c=k*d 15.41 cm
fc= 51.08 kgf/cm2
εc 2.32E-04 adimensional
ø (1/m) 1.51E-03 1/m
Mda 5.89 tonf*m
𝑀𝑐𝑟∗1000∗100 5.89∗1000∗100
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑐 = 15.41 = 51.08 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
0.5∗𝑐∗𝑏∗(𝑑− ) 0.5∗15.41∗30∗(55− )
3 3
Calculamos la curvatura “ø” en el concreto comprimido:
𝑓𝑐 51.08
𝜀𝑐 = = = 2.32𝑥10−4 (𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝐸𝑐 220000
𝜀𝑐 2.32𝑥10−4
ø = 𝑐
∗ 100 = 15.41 ∗ 100 = 1.51𝑥10−4 1/𝑚
𝑀𝑑𝑎 = 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚
1
𝑃3(∅, 𝑀𝑑𝑎) = 𝑃3 (1.51𝑥10−4 , 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚)
𝑚
Asumimos un compartimiento lineal del concreto, pero puedo usar modelos NL. En el instante
de fluencia del acero, el concreto está completamente agrietado.
p.acero 0.606%
k 0.28
c=k*d 15.41 cm
Icr 178200 cm4
𝐴𝑠 10
𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 𝑏∗𝑑 = 30∗55 = 0.606%
𝑘 = √(𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑛)2 + 2 ∗ 𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑛 − 𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑛
= √(0.606 ∗ 9)2 + 2 ∗ 0.606.9 − 0.606 ∗ 9 = 0.28
𝑐 = 𝑘 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.28 ∗ 55 = 15.41 𝑐𝑚
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 0.33 ∗ 𝐼𝑔 = 0.33 ∗ 540,000.00 = 178200 𝑐𝑚4
𝑓𝑦∗𝐴𝑠 4200∗10
𝑓𝑐 = = = 181.668 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
0.5∗𝑐∗𝑏 0.5∗15.41∗30
Calculamos la curvatura usando la deformación del acero “ø”:
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦
ø = 𝐸𝑠
𝑑−𝑐
∗ 100 = 𝐸𝑠
55−15.41
∗ 100 = 5.30𝑥10−3 1/𝑚
Calculamos el momento de fluencia:
𝑐 15.41
𝑑− 55−
𝑀𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 3
= 10 ∗ 4200 ∗ 3
= 20.94 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚
100000 100000
1
𝑃4(∅, 𝑀𝑦) = 𝑃4 ( 5.30𝑥10−3 , 20.94 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑥𝑚)
𝑚
a 7.84 cm
β1 0.85 adimensional
c=a/B1 9.23 cm
M(tonf*m) ø (1/m)
inicio 0 0
antes de grietas 5.89 4.55E-04
después de grietas 5.89 1.51E-03
fluencia 20.94 5.30E-03
final=máximo 21.45 4.34E-02
ETABS 2019
0 0.00E+00
10.6994 1.00E-03
15.1484 3.00E-03
20.8311 5.00E-03
21.4907 8.00E-03
21.2809 1.20E-02
21.2103 1.60E-02
21.1889 2.10E-02
21.1698 2.70E-02
21.144 3.30E-02
21.1048 3.90E-02
21.0505 4.70E-02
SAP 2000.V22.2
0 0.00E+00
10.6385 1.15E-03
15.384 2.87E-03
21.0152 5.17E-03
22.0761 8.04E-03
21.8273 1.15E-02
21.7471 1.55E-02
21.7226 2.01E-02
21.7053 2.53E-02
21.682 3.10E-02
21.6543 3.73E-02
21.6002 4.42E-02
b 30 cm
h 60 cm
r 5 cm
d 55 cm
f´c 210 kgf/cm2
ε0 0.002 adimensional
εc 0.004 adimensional
fy 4200 kgf/cm2
Ec 220000 kgf/cm2
Es 2000000 kgf/cm2
n=Es*Ec 9.00
fr=2*raiz(f'c) 28.98 kgf/cm2
As 10.00 cm2
Obtenemos la inercia de la sección transformada (𝐼. 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) Para considerar el aporte del acero
28.9
Solución:
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝑏 ∗ ℎ = 30 ∗ 60 = 1800
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = (𝑛 − 1) ∗ 𝑓𝑟 = (9 − 1) ∗ 28.98 = 80
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 + 𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 1880
𝑌𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = ℎ/2 = 60/2 = 30
𝑌𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 𝑟 = 5
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝑌𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 1800 ∗ 30 = 54000
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑌𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 80 ∗ 5 = 400
(𝐴𝑔 ∗ 𝑌)𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 + (𝐴𝑔 ∗ 𝑌)𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 54400
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝐴𝑔𝑐 ∗ (𝑌𝑐 − ( 𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎
)) = 1800 ∗ (30 − 28.94)2 = 2037.121 𝑐𝑚4
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝐴𝑔𝑎 ∗ (𝑌𝑎 − ( 𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎
)) = 80 ∗ (5 − 28.94)2 = 45835.220 𝑐𝑚4
ℎ3 603
𝐼𝑔 = 𝑏 ∗ = 30 ∗ = 540,000.00 𝑐𝑚4
12 12
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎 54400
yCG = 𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎
= 1880
= 28.94 𝑐𝑚
𝑐 = ℎ − 𝑦𝐶𝐺 = 60 − 28.94 = 31.06 𝑐𝑚
𝐼. 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝐼𝑔 + 𝐼𝑐 + 𝐼𝑎 = 540,000.00 + 2037.121 + 45835.220 = 587,872.34 𝑐𝑚4
1
𝑃2(∅, 𝑀𝑐𝑟) = 𝑃3 ( 4.55𝑥10−4 , 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚)
𝑚
El momento es el mismo 𝑀𝑑𝑎 = 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚, ya que seguimos en el instante del agrietamiento
del concreto traccionado (parte inferior).
p.acero 0.606%
k 0.28
c=k*d 15.41 cm
fc= 51.08 kgf/cm2
εc 2.32E-04 adimensional
ø (1/m) 1.51E-03 1/m
Mda 5.89 tonf*m
𝑀𝑐𝑟∗1000∗100 5.89∗1000∗100
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑐 = 15.41 = 51.08 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
0.5∗𝑐∗𝑏∗(𝑑− ) 0.5∗15.41∗30∗(55− )
3 3
Calculamos la curvatura “ø” en el concreto comprimido:
𝑓𝑐 51.08
𝜀𝑐 = 𝐸𝑐 = 220000 = 2.32𝑥10−4 (𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝜀𝑐 2.32𝑥10−4
ø = 𝑐
∗ 100 = 15.41
∗ 100 = 1.51𝑥10−4 1/𝑚
𝑀𝑑𝑎 = 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚
1
𝑃3( ∅, 𝑀𝑑𝑎) = 𝑃3 ( 1.51𝑥10−4 , 5.89 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚)
𝑚
K2 0.3486868
My 20.62 tonf*m
𝑓´𝑐 210
𝑎1 = 𝜀02
= 0.0022 = 52,500,000
2∗𝑓´𝑐 2∗210
𝑎2 = = = 210,000
𝜀0 0.002
Calculamos “c” y “𝜀𝑐” solucionando el sistema de 2 ecuaciones
𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑎1 ∗ 𝜀𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 ∗ 𝜀𝑐 = 52,500,000 ∗ 0.0022 + 210,000 ∗ 0.002 = 150.23 𝑐𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 4200
1
ø = 𝐸𝑠
𝑑−𝑐
∗ 100 = 2000000
55−16.920
∗ 100 = 5.51𝑥10−3 𝑚
De la tabla usando εc e interpolando:
εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
0.001 0.41667 0.35000
0.002 0.66667 0.37500
0.003 0.76528 0.40956
0.004 0.79583 0.43717
K2 0.3486868
My 20.62 tonf*m
0.000933−0.0009
𝐾2 = 0.34804 + (0.35000 − 0.34804) ∗ 0.001−0.0009
= 0.3486868 (interpolando)
𝑑−𝑐∗𝐾2 55−16.920∗0.3486868
𝑀𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 100000 = 10 ∗ 4200 ∗ 100000
= 20.62 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚
1
𝑃4(∅, 𝑀𝑦 ) = 𝑃4 ( 5.51𝑥10−3 , 20.62 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚)
𝑚
Usamos el modelo de Kent y Park (1971) y el modelo elastoplástico perfecto para el acero.
εcu 0.004000
De la tabla N° 1 usando εc
K1 0.79583
K2 0.43717
c 8.377 cm
ømax 4.77E-02 1/m
Mmax 21.56 tonf*m
es correcto, falla el
εs
0.0223 concreto primero
M(tonf*m) ø (1/m)
inicio 0 0
antes de grietas 5.89 4.55E-04
después de grietas 5.89 1.51E-03
fluencia 20.62 5.51E-03
final=máximo 21.56 4.77E-02
ETABS 2019
0 0.00E+00
10.6994 1.00E-03
15.1484 3.00E-03
20.8311 5.00E-03
21.4907 8.00E-03
21.2809 1.20E-02
21.2103 1.60E-02
21.1889 2.10E-02
21.1698 2.70E-02
21.144 3.30E-02
21.1048 3.90E-02
21.0505 4.70E-02
SAP 2000.V22.2
0 0.00E+00
10.6385 1.15E-03
15.384 2.87E-03
21.0152 5.17E-03
22.0761 8.04E-03
21.8273 1.15E-02
21.7471 1.55E-02
21.7226 2.01E-02
21.7053 2.53E-02
21.682 3.10E-02
21.6543 3.73E-02
21.6002 4.42E-02
b 35 cm
h 70 cm
r 5 cm
d 65 cm
f´c 280 kgf/cm2
ε0 0.002 adimensional
εc 0.004 adimensional
fy 4200 kgf/cm2
Ec 250998.008 kgf/cm2
Es 2000000 kgf/cm2
n=Es*Ec 8.0
fr=2*raiz(f'c) 33.47 kgf/cm2
As 15.00 cm2
Solución:
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝑏 ∗ ℎ = 35 ∗ 70 = 2450
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = (𝑛 − 1) ∗ 𝑓𝑟 = (8 − 1) ∗ 33.47 = 105
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 + 𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 2450 + 105 = 2555
𝑌𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = ℎ/2 = 70/2 = 35
𝑌𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 𝑟 = 5
𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝑌𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 2450 ∗ 35 = 85750
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑌𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 105 ∗ 5 = 522.614305
(𝐴𝑔 ∗ 𝑌)𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 + (𝐴𝑔 ∗ 𝑌)𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 85750 + 522.614305 = 86273
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝐴𝑔𝑐 ∗ (𝑌𝑐 − ( 𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎
)) = 2450 ∗ (35 − 33.8)2 = 3691.6 𝑐𝑚4
(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑐 +(𝐴𝑔∗𝑌)𝑎
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝐴𝑔𝑎 ∗ (𝑌𝑎 − ( 𝐴𝑔𝑐 +𝐴𝑔𝑎
)) = 105 ∗ (5 − 33.8)2 = 86529.9 𝑐𝑚4
1
𝑃2(∅, 𝑀𝑐𝑟) = 𝑃2 (3.95𝑥10−4 , 10.81 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚 )
𝑚
p.acero 0.659%
k 0.276
c=k*d 17.93 cm
fc= 58.36 kgf/cm2
εc 2.32E-04 adimensional
ø (1/m) 1.30E-03 1/m
𝐴𝑠 15
𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 𝑏∗𝑑 = 35∗65 = 0.659%
𝑘 = √(𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑛)2 + 2 ∗ 𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑛 − 𝜌. 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 ∗ 𝑛
= √(0.659 ∗ 8)2 + 2 ∗ 0.659 ∗ 8 − 0.659 ∗ 8 = 0.276
𝑐 = 𝑘 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.25 ∗ 65 = 17.93 𝑐𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑟∗1000∗100 10.81∗1000∗100
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑐 = 17.93 = 58.36 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚
2
0.5∗𝑐∗𝑏∗(𝑑− ) 0.5∗17.93∗35∗(65− )
3 3
𝑓𝑐 58.36
𝜀𝑐 = = = 2.32𝑥10−4 (𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝐸𝑐 250998.008
𝜀𝑐 2.32𝑥10−4
ø = ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 1.30𝑥10−3 1/𝑚
𝑐 17.93
1
𝑃3(∅, 𝑀𝑐𝑟) = 𝑃3 (1.30𝑥10−3 , 10.81 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚 )
𝑚
a1 70000000
a2 280000
𝑓´𝑐 280
𝑎1 = 𝜀02
= 0.0022 = 70,000,000
2∗𝑓´𝑐 2∗280
𝑎2 = 𝜀0
= 0.002 = 280,000
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑎1 ∗ 𝜀𝑐 + 𝑎2 ∗ 𝜀𝑐 = 70000000 ∗ 0.0008182 + 280000 ∗ 0.000818
2
= 150.23 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 4200
1
ø = 𝐸𝑠
𝑑−𝑐
∗ 100 = 2000000
55−18.214
∗ 100 = 4.49𝑥10−3 𝑚
De la tabla, usando εc e interpolando
εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
0.001 0.41667 0.35000
0.00110 0.44917 0.35204
0.00120 0.48000 0.35417
0.00130 0.50917 0.35638
K2 0.34649
My 36.97 tonf*m
0.000818−0.0008
𝐾2 = 0.34615 + (0.34804 − 0.34615) ∗ = 0.34649
0.0009−0.0008
𝑑−𝑐∗𝐾2 65−18.214∗0.34649
𝑀𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 100000 = 15 ∗ 4200 ∗ 100000
= 36.97 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗𝑚
1
𝑃4(∅, 𝑀𝑦) = 𝑃4 ( 4.49𝑥10−3 , 36.97 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚)
𝑚
εcu 0.004000
De la tabla N° 1 usando εc
K1 0.79583
K2 0.43717
c 8.078 cm
ømax 4.95E-02 1/m
Mmax 38.73 tonf*m
es correcto, falla el
εs
0.0282 concreto primero
M(tonf*m) ø (1/m)
inicio 0 0
antes de grietas 10.81 3.95E-04
después de grietas 10.81 1.30E-03
fluencia 36.97 4.49E-03
final=máximo 38.73 4.95E-02
ETABS 2019
M(tonf*m) ø (1/m)
0 0.00E+00
20.8046 1.00E-03
30.2181 2.00E-03
39.1192 4.00E-03
40.0902 7.00E-03
39.1389 1.00E-02
38.8032 1.30E-02
38.6781 1.70E-02
38.6255 2.10E-02
38.6063 2.60E-02
38.5822 3.20E-02
38.5551 3.80E-02
38.5186 4.40E-02
38.4686 5.10E-02
SAP 2000.V22.2
M(tonf*m) ø (1/m)
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
5.1881 4.31E-04
12.9376 1.08E-03
23.0512 1.94E-03
33.2264 3.02E-03
39.3738 4.31E-03
40.5458 5.82E-03
39.6873 7.54E-03
39.301 9.48E-03
39.1132 1.16E-02
39.0238 1.40E-02
38.9833 1.66E-02
38.965 1.94E-02
38.9526 2.24E-02
38.9351 2.56E-02
38.9143 2.91E-02
38.8905 3.28E-02
38.8636 3.66E-02
38.832 4.07E-02
38.7804 4.50E-02
38.7655 4.96E-02
b 30 cm
h 60 cm
r 5 cm
d 55 cm
d' 5 cm
f´c 210 kgf/cm2
ε0 0.002 adimensional
εc 0.004 adimensional
fy 4200 kgf/cm2
Ec 217370.65 kgf/cm2
Es 2000000.00 kgf/cm2
As 10.00 cm2
A's 5.00 cm2
Solución:
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑟 = 60 − 5 = 55 𝑐𝑚
𝐸𝑐 = 15000 ∗ √𝑓´𝑐 = 15000 ∗ √210 = 217 370.65 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
Hallamos "𝑓𝑐":
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.0002 0.0002 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 39.90 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
Asumimos que 𝑐 = 10 𝑐𝑚
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
Cc = k1 ∗ f´c ∗ c ∗ b = 0.09667 ∗ 210 ∗ 10 ∗ 30 = 6 090.2 kgf
0.00100 0.41667 0.35000
0.00110 0.44917 0.35204
0.00120 0.48000 0.35417
Mg. PMP. Gram Y. Rivas Sánchez 0.00130 0.50917 0.35638 49
0.00140 0.53667 0.35870
0.00150 0.56250 0.36111
0.0016 0.58667 0.36364
Calculamos "εs" y "𝜀′𝑠":
𝑑−𝑐 55 − 10
𝜀𝑠 = 𝜀𝑐 ∗ = 0.0002 ∗ = 0.0009 (𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝑐 10
𝑐 − 𝑑´ 10 − 5
𝜀´𝑠 = 𝜀𝑐 ∗ = 0.0002 ∗ = 0.0001 (𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝑐 10
Recordar que 𝜀𝑠 ∗ 𝐸𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠 < 4200 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑙á𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜)
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟒 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
9 750 − 1 375 − 9 744.3 = −1 369.34 𝑘𝑔𝑓 Como salió negativo, asumimo 𝑐 < 16 𝑐𝑚
Calculamos "Cc":
Calculamos la curvatura
𝜀𝑐 0.0002
∅= = = 1.323𝑥10−3 1/𝑚
𝑐 0.15122 𝑚
Calculamos el momento flector:
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑐) + 𝑇 ′ 𝑠 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
= [9 209.6 ∗ (55 − 0.33621 ∗ 15.122) + 1 338.7 ∗ (55 − 5)] ∗ 10−5 = 5.27 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑚
𝟏
𝑷𝟐(∅𝟐, 𝑴𝟐 ) = 𝑷𝟐 ( 𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 , 𝟓. 𝟐𝟕 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒇 ∗ 𝒎)
𝒎
Para los P3, P4, P5 y P7 se realizan los mismos pasos, excepto el P6 que es punto de fluencia.
Hallamos "𝑓𝑐":
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
0.00100 0.41667 0.35000
0.00110 0.44917 0.35204
Cc = k1 ∗ f´c ∗ c ∗ b = 0.34667 ∗ 210 ∗ 10
0.00120 ∗ 30 = 21 840.20.35417
0.48000 kgf
Calculamos "εs" y "𝜀′𝑠": 0.00130 0.50917 0.35638
0.00140 0.53667 0.35870
𝑑−𝑐 55 − 10
0.00150 0.56250 0.36111
𝜀𝑠 = 𝜀𝑐 ∗ = 0.0008 ∗ = 0.0036 (𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝑐 0.0016
10 0.58667 0.36364
0.00170 0.60917 0.36628
𝑐 − 𝑑´ 10 − 5
𝜀´𝑠 = 𝜀𝑐 ∗ = 0.0008 ∗ 0.0018= 0.0004
0.63000 0.36905
(𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)
𝑐 10
0.00190 0.64917 0.37195
Recordar que 𝜀𝑠 ∗ 𝐸𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠 < 4200 0.002 0.66667
(𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 0.37500
𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑙á𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜)
0.003 0.76528 0.40956
𝑓𝑠 = 𝜀𝑠 ∗ 𝐸𝑠 = 0.0036 ∗ 2,000,000
0.004= 4 200 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
0.79583 0.43717
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟒 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
Calculamos "Cc":
Calculamos la curvatura
𝜀𝑐 0.0002
∅= = = 5.079𝑥10−3 1/𝑚
𝑐 0.15752 𝑚
Calculamos el momento flector:
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑐) + 𝑇 ′ 𝑠 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.000586 0.000586 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 105.04 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
Calculamos "Cc", de la tabla obtenemos el valor de k1, según el valor de 𝜀𝑐:
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.000862 0.000862 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 141.96 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
Calculamos "Cc", de la tabla obtenemos el valor de k1, según el valor de 𝜀𝑐:
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
′
2𝜀𝑐 𝜀𝑐 2 2 ∗ 0.00085 0.00085 2
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓 𝑐 [ − ( ) ] = 210 [ − ( ) ] = 140.22 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
𝜀𝑜 𝜀𝑜 0.002 0.002
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
Calculamos la curvatura
𝜀𝑐 0.000847
∅𝑦 = = = 5.358𝑥10−3 1/𝑚
𝑐 0.15809 𝑚
Calculamos el momento flector:
𝑀𝑦 = 𝐶𝑐 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑐) + 𝑇 ′ 𝑠 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
Hallamos "𝑓𝑐":
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
0.00100 0.41667 0.35000
0.00110 0.44917 0.35204
0.00120 0.48000 0.35417
0.00130 0.50917 0.35638
0.00140 0.53667 0.35870
0.00150 0.56250 0.36111
0.0016 0.58667 0.36364
0.00170 0.60917 0.36628
0.0018 0.63000 0.36905
0.00190 0.64917 0.37195
0.002 0.66667 0.37500
0.003 0.76528 0.40956
0.004 0.79583 0.43717
42 000 − 10 000 − 42 000 = -10 000 kgf Como salió negativo, 𝑐 < 10 𝑐𝑚
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟖 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
Calculamos "Cc":
Calculamos la curvatura
𝜀𝑐 0.002
∅= = = 2.452𝑥10−2 1/𝑚
𝑐 0.08157 𝑚
Calculamos el momento flector:
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑐) + 𝑇 ′ 𝑠 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
Hallamos "𝑓𝑐":
= 178.5 𝑘𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎
ec εc k1 k2
0.0001 0.04917 0.33475
0.0002 0.09667 0.33621
0.0003 0.14250 0.33772
0.0004 0.18667 0.33929
0.0005 0.22917 0.34091
0.0006 0.27000 0.34259
0.0007 0.30917 0.34434
0.0008 0.34667 0.34615
0.0009 0.38250 0.34804
0.00100 0.41667 0.35000
0.00110 0.44917 0.35204
0.00120 0.48000 0.35417
0.00130 0.50917 0.35638
0.00140 0.53667 0.35870
0.00150 0.56250 0.36111
0.0016 0.58667 0.36364
0.00170 0.60917 0.36628
0.0018 0.63000 0.36905
0.00190 0.64917 0.37195
0.002 0.66667 0.37500
0.003 0.76528 0.40956
0.004 0.79583 0.43717
42 000 − 20 000 − 50 137.3 = −28 137.29 𝑘𝑔𝑓 Como salió negativo, 𝑐 < 10 𝑐𝑚
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟖 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
42 000 − 15 000 − 40 109.8 = −13 109.83 𝑘𝑔𝑓 Como salió negativo, 𝑐 < 8 𝑐𝑚
Asumimos que 𝒄 = 𝟔 𝒄𝒎
Calculamos "Cc":
Calculamos "Cc":
Calculamos la curvatura
𝜀𝑐 0.004
∅= = = 6.136𝑥10−2 1/𝑚
𝑐 0.06518 𝑚
Calculamos el momento flector:
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑐) + 𝑇 ′ 𝑠 ∗ (𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
ETABS-2019
M(tonf*m) ø (1/m)
0 0.00E+00
10.7953 1.00E-03
15.7136 3.00E-03
21.4088 5.00E-03
22.2151 8.00E-03
21.9284 1.10E-02
21.8344 1.50E-02
21.8068 2.00E-02
21.7979 2.50E-02
21.7889 3.10E-02
21.7749 3.70E-02
21.7592 4.40E-02
21.7441 5.20E-02
21.7199 6.00E-02
0.5122 6.80E-02
SAP 2000.V22.2
M(tonf*m) ø (1/m)
0 0.00E+00
16.9656 3.45E-03
18.8956 5.37E-03
22.1497 8.61E-03
21.8487 1.55E-02
21.7974 2.41E-02
21.7865 3.44E-02
21.7521 4.65E-02
21.7166 6.03E-02
0.5429 7.58E-02
Comparación
Herramienta M(tonf*m) ø (1/m) ductilidad
SAP 2000.V22.V 21.72 6.03E-02 11.23
ETABS 21.72 6.00E-02 12.00
Manual 21.70 6.14E-02 11.45