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Resumen
Introducción: Las pesadillas son síntomas usuales y característicos del trastorno por estrés
postraumático (TEPT). Su presencia se relaciona directamente con la gravedad del trastorno,
suelen tener un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y, como frecuen-
temente se convierten en un síntoma residual y refractario, requieren especial atención y
tratamiento específico. Objetivo: Revisar y actualizar los conocimientos acerca del tratamiento
farmacológico de las pesadillas en el TEPT. Método: Este artículo revisa y actualiza los trata-
mientos disponibles para el manejo de las pesadillas en el TEPT. Conclusión: Se han realizado
muy pocos estudios acerca del tratamiento farmacológico específico para las pesadillas en
el TEPT. La mayoría han sido de diseño abierto o reportes de casos, las muestras han sido
pequeñas, con grupos heterogéneos y algunos de los resultados han sido contradictorios.
La psicoterapia adquiere entonces gran relevancia en el tratamiento de las pesadillas, pues
aunque aún no hay estudios que muestren la superioridad de una modalidad sobre la otra
(farmacoterapia versus psicoterapia), la experiencia clínica muestra que la combinación es
importante y benéfica para los pacientes.
Abstract
1
Médico psiquiatra, Hospital Militar Central. Profesor asociado de la Facultad de Medicina
de Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Bogotá, Colombia.
2
Médica cirujana, Universidad del Quindío. Médica residente de psiquiatría, tercer año,
Hospital Militar Central-Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Bogotá, Colombia.
have been small with heterogeneous groups, gunda mitad del periodo del sueño
and some of the results have been contra- y dejan recuerdos vívidos en quien
dictory. Psychotherapy, then, acquires great
las experimenta (1). Pueden ser la
relevance in the treatment of nightmares,
since although no studies exist that show representación de una experiencia
the superiority of one modality over another pasada, una fantasía total o una
(pharmacotherapy versus psychotherapy), combinación de ambas, e involu-
clinical experience shows that the combina- cran sensaciones visuales, olfativas,
tion is beneficial for patients.
auditivas, táctiles y hasta dolorosas
Key words: Nightmares, posttraumatic
(2,3). Son un síntoma cardinal del
stress disorders, pharmacotherapy. trastorno de estrés postraumático
y hacen parte del grupo B de sínto-
mas de re-experimentación según el
Introducción DSM IV- TR (Cuadro 1) (1).
Después de un evento traumáti-
Las pesadillas son experien- co, hasta un 90% de los individuos
cias extremadamente terroríficas y las sufre. Se presentan con una
prolongadas que usualmente des- frecuencia de hasta seis veces por
piertan a la persona durante la se- semana y pueden permanecer has-
Cuadro 1. Criterios abreviados para trastorno por estrés postraumático (DSM IV-TR)
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Correspondencia
Harold Muñoz Cortés
Servicio de Psiquiatría
Hospital Militar Central
Transversal 3 # 49-00
Bogotá, Colombia
hmcbgc@hotmail.com