Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Gerente de Producción
Guayaquil – Ecuador
ereyes@produmar.com.ec
1ra parte: Reseña del balance iónico en Ecuador
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
1997 1998 1999 2000
Cuando se piensa a hablar del balance iónico en Ecuador?
85
30
85
30
85
54
30
+K +K
88 89 85
CONSECUENCIAS:
• Nuevos manejos:
Intensivos
Aireación
Nuevas dietas
Invernaderos
Balance de iones
• Con muy poca información publicada , se desarrollaron sistemas
de cultivo que se extendieron a otras zonas del país.
Año Autores Revista Título
2001 FIELDER et al. Aquaculture Survival and growth of Pagrus auratus in saline groundwater in Australia
2001 INTRIAGO VI Congreso Ecuatoriano de Acuacultura Algunas observaciones en el cultivo de camarón tierra adentro en Ecuador
2001 LARAMORE et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effect of low salinity on growth and survival of shrimp postlarvae
2002 BOYD et al. Global Aquaculture Advocate Dissolved salts in water for inland low salinity shrimp culture
2002 McGRAW & SCARPA Global Aquaculture Advocate Determining ion concentrations for L. vannamei culture in freshwater
2003 SAOUD et al. Aquaculture Suitability studies of inland well waters for L. vannamei
2003 McGRAW & SCARPA J. of Shellfish Research Minimum environmental K for survival of L. vannamei in freshwater
2003 AATWOOD et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Survival and growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity and mixed-salt
2003 BOYD Global Aquaculture Advocate Mineral salts correct imbalances in culture water
2004 GONG et al. Aquaculture Nutrition A dietary modification approach to improve osmoregulatory capacity
2004 ZHU et al. Aquaculture Effects of Na/K ratio in seawater on growth and energy budget
2004 McNevin et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Ionic supplementation of pond water in inland shrimps farms
2005 SOWERS et al. Aquaculture Research Responses of L. vannamei in water containing low concentration of TDS
2005 DAVIS et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effects of K, Mg, and age on growth and survival of L. vannamei in inland
2005 UR-RAHMAN et al. Aquaculture Research Ionic manipulation of inland saline groundwater for P. monodon
2006 PRANGNELI & FOTEDAR Comp. Biochemistry and Physiology Effect of sudden salinity change on P. latisulcatus with inland water
2006 TANTULO & FOTEDAR Aquaculture Comparison of growth, osmoregulatory capacity in black tiger shrimp
2006 ZHU et al. Aquaculture Effect of seawater K concentration on dietary K requirement
2006 ZHU et al. J. of Shellfish Research The interaction of salinity and Na/K ratio in seawater on L. vannamei
2006 SOWERS et al. Comp. Biochemistry and Physiology Hemolymph osmolality and cation concentration in L. vannamei: K flux
2007 ROY et al. Aquaculture Nutrition Supplementation of K, Mg and Na to diets of white shrimp
2007 ROY et al. Aquaculture Effects of varying levels of aqueous K and Mg in white shrimp
2007 BOYD et al. Aquaculture Engineering Potassium budget for inland saline water shrimp ponds
2007 BOYD et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Potassium adsortion by bottom soils of inland ponds
2007 SAOUD et al. North American J. of Aquaculture Chelated K and arginine in diets for shrimp in low salinity
2008 GREEN Aquaculture Research Stocking strategies for production of L. vannamei in inland ponds
2008 PARTRIDGE & LYMBERY Aquaculture Effect of salinity in the K requirement by Barramundi in groundwater
2009 PARMENTER et al. North American J. of Aquaculture Culture of L. vannamei in a mixed-ion solution
2009 ROY et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Supplementation of chelated Mg to diets of L. vannamei in low salinity
2010 ROY et al. Reviews in Aquaculture Shrimp culture in inland low salinity waters
2011 WUDTISIN & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Possible K and Mg limitations for shrimp in low salinity in Thailand
2011 PINE & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Mg budget for inland low-salinity water shrimp ponds
2012 PEREZ et al. Aquaculture Effect water temperature and Na/K on production of L. vannamei
2012 PRAPAIWONG & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effects of mayor water quality variables on inland shrimp production
2012 HADFIELD et al. J. of Fish Diseases Acute morbidity and mortality following K-deficient saltwater
Año Autores Revista Título
2001 FIELDER et al. Aquaculture Survival and growth of Pagrus auratus in saline groundwater in Australia
2001 INTRIAGO VI Congreso Ecuatoriano de Acuacultura Algunas observaciones en el cultivo de camarón tierra adentro en Ecuador
2001 LARAMORE et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effect of low salinity on growth and survival of shrimp postlarvae
2002 BOYD et al. Global Aquaculture Advocate Dissolved salts in water for inland low salinity shrimp culture
2002 McGRAW & SCARPA Global Aquaculture Advocate Determining ion concentrations for L. vannamei culture in freshwater
2003 SAOUD et al. Aquaculture Suitability studies of inland well waters for L. vannamei
2003 McGRAW & SCARPA J. of Shellfish Research Minimum environmental K for survival of L. vannamei in freshwater
2003 AATWOOD et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Survival and growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity and mixed-salt
2003 BOYD Global Aquaculture Advocate Mineral salts correct imbalances in culture water
2004 GONG et al. Aquaculture Nutrition A dietary modification approach to improve osmoregulatory capacity
2004 ZHU et al. Aquaculture Effects of Na/K ratio in seawater on growth and energy budget
2004 McNevin et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Ionic supplementation of pond water in inland shrimps farms
2005 SOWERS et al. Aquaculture Research Responses of L. vannamei in water containing low concentration of TDS
2005 DAVIS et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effects of K, Mg, and age on growth and survival of L. vannamei in inland
2005 UR-RAHMAN et al. Aquaculture Research Ionic manipulation of inland saline groundwater for P. monodon
2006 PRANGNELI & FOTEDAR Comp. Biochemistry and Physiology Effect of sudden salinity change on P. latisulcatus with inland water
2006 TANTULO & FOTEDAR Aquaculture Comparison of growth, osmoregulatory capacity in black tiger shrimp
2006 ZHU et al. Aquaculture Effect of seawater K concentration on dietary K requirement
2006 ZHU et al. J. of Shellfish Research The interaction of salinity and Na/K ratio in seawater on L. vannamei
2006 SOWERS et al. Comp. Biochemistry and Physiology Hemolymph osmolality and cation concentration in L. vannamei: K flux
2007 ROY et al. Aquaculture Nutrition Supplementation of K, Mg and Na to diets of white shrimp
2007 ROY et al. Aquaculture Effects of varying levels of aqueous K and Mg in white shrimp
2007 BOYD et al. Aquaculture Engineering Potassium budget for inland saline water shrimp ponds
2007 BOYD et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Potassium adsortion by bottom soils of inland ponds
2007 SAOUD et al. North American J. of Aquaculture Chelated K and arginine in diets for shrimp in low salinity
2008 GREEN Aquaculture Research Stocking strategies for production of L. vannamei in inland ponds
2008 PARTRIDGE & LYMBERY Aquaculture Effect of salinity in the K requirement by Barramundi in groundwater
2009 PARMENTER et al. North American J. of Aquaculture Culture of L. vannamei in a mixed-ion solution
2009 ROY et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Supplementation of chelated Mg to diets of L. vannamei in low salinity
2010 ROY et al. Reviews in Aquaculture Shrimp culture in inland low salinity waters
2011 WUDTISIN & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Possible K and Mg limitations for shrimp in low salinity in Thailand
2011 PINE & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Mg budget for inland low-salinity water shrimp ponds
2012 PEREZ et al. Aquaculture Effect water temperature and Na/K on production of L. vannamei
2012 PRAPAIWONG & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effects of mayor water quality variables on inland shrimp production
2012 HADFIELD et al. J. of Fish Diseases Acute morbidity and mortality following K-deficient saltwater
Año Autores Revista Título
2001 FIELDER et al. Aquaculture Survival and growth of Pagrus auratus in saline groundwater in Australia
2001 INTRIAGO VI Congreso Ecuatoriano de Acuacultura Algunas observaciones en el cultivo de camarón tierra adentro en Ecuador
2001 LARAMORE et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effect of low salinity on growth and survival of shrimp postlarvae
2002 BOYD et al. Global Aquaculture Advocate Dissolved salts in water for inland low salinity shrimp culture
2002 McGRAW & SCARPA Global Aquaculture Advocate Determining ion concentrations for L. vannamei culture in freshwater
2003 SAOUD et al. Aquaculture Suitability studies of inland well waters for L. vannamei
2003 McGRAW & SCARPA J. of Shellfish Research Minimum environmental K for survival of L. vannamei in freshwater
2003 AATWOOD et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Survival and growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity and mixed-salt
2003 BOYD Global Aquaculture Advocate Mineral salts correct imbalances in culture water
2004 GONG et al. Aquaculture Nutrition A dietary modification approach to improve osmoregulatory capacity
2004 ZHU et al. Aquaculture Effects of Na/K ratio in seawater on growth and energy budget
2004 McNevin et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Ionic supplementation of pond water in inland shrimps farms
2005 SOWERS et al. Aquaculture Research Responses of L. vannamei in water containing low concentration of TDS
2005 DAVIS et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effects of K, Mg, and age on growth and survival of L. vannamei in inland
2005 UR-RAHMAN et al. Aquaculture Research Ionic manipulation of inland saline groundwater for P. monodon
2006 PRANGNELI & FOTEDAR Comp. Biochemistry and Physiology Effect of sudden salinity change on P. latisulcatus with inland water
2006 TANTULO & FOTEDAR Aquaculture Comparison of growth, osmoregulatory capacity in black tiger shrimp
2006 ZHU et al. Aquaculture Effect of seawater K concentration on dietary K requirement
2006 ZHU et al. J. of Shellfish Research The interaction of salinity and Na/K ratio in seawater on L. vannamei
2006 SOWERS et al. Comp. Biochemistry and Physiology Hemolymph osmolality and cation concentration in L. vannamei: K flux
2007 ROY et al. Aquaculture Nutrition Supplementation of K, Mg and Na to diets of white shrimp
2007 ROY et al. Aquaculture Effects of varying levels of aqueous K and Mg in white shrimp
2007 BOYD et al. Aquaculture Engineering Potassium budget for inland saline water shrimp ponds
2007 BOYD et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Potassium adsortion by bottom soils of inland ponds
2007 SAOUD et al. North American J. of Aquaculture Chelated K and arginine in diets for shrimp in low salinity
2008 GREEN Aquaculture Research Stocking strategies for production of L. vannamei in inland ponds
2008 PARTRIDGE & LYMBERY Aquaculture Effect of salinity in the K requirement by Barramundi in groundwater
2009 PARMENTER et al. North American J. of Aquaculture Culture of L. vannamei in a mixed-ion solution
2009 ROY et al. J. of the World Aquaculture Society Supplementation of chelated Mg to diets of L. vannamei in low salinity
2010 ROY et al. Reviews in Aquaculture Shrimp culture in inland low salinity waters
2011 WUDTISIN & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Possible K and Mg limitations for shrimp in low salinity in Thailand
2011 PINE & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Mg budget for inland low-salinity water shrimp ponds
2012 PEREZ et al. Aquaculture Effect water temperature and Na/K on production of L. vannamei
2012 PRAPAIWONG & BOYD J. of the World Aquaculture Society Effects of mayor water quality variables on inland shrimp production
2012 HADFIELD et al. J. of Fish Diseases Acute morbidity and mortality following K-deficient saltwater
Resumen de publicaciones sobre balance iónico
CARACTERISTICAS DE INVESTIGACION:
RECOMENDACIONES:
Si no se corrigen los desbalances del medio, no es viable la vía oral.
Resumen de publicaciones sobre balance iónico
RECOMENDACIONES:
Si no se corrigen los desbalances del medio, no es viable la vía oral.
En orden de importancia, primero corregir:
K Mg SO4
Resumen de publicaciones sobre balance iónico
RECOMENDACIONES:
Si no se corrigen los desbalances del medio, no es viable la vía oral.
En orden de importancia, primero corregir:
K Mg SO4
Por debajo de 2 ppt, es posible que ciertos iones falten por su
concentración, no por su proporción.
Resumen de publicaciones sobre balance iónico
RECOMENDACIONES:
Si no se corrigen los desbalances del medio, no es viable la vía oral.
En orden de importancia, primero corregir:
K Mg SO4
Por debajo de 2 ppt, es posible que ciertos iones falten por su
concentración, no por su proporción.
No existen valores mínimos o referenciales, la conclusión general es
que la corrección de los desbalances iónicos se logra alcanzando las
proporciones del AGUA DE MAR.
2da Parte: Composición estándar del AGUA DE MAR
Millero, F.J. 2010. History of the equation of state of seawater. Oceanography 23 (3): 18 – 33.
Composición estándar del AGUA DE MAR
De la información publicada:
Iones Mar
(mg/L) Mirello, 2008
Cloruros (Cl-) 19,353
Sodio (Na+) 10,781
Sulfato (SO42-) 2,712
Magnesio (Mg2+) 1,284
Calcio (Ca2+) 412
Potasio (K+) 399
Bicarbonato (HCO3-) 105
Cationes
Aniones
Balance iónico: Realidades y confusiones