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Los pronombres relativos se utilizan a diario y son una parte esencial a la hora de
hablar bien inglés. Es imprescindible hacer un uso adecuado de estos pronombres en
inglés y para ello hemos elaborado varios puntos clave que resolverán todas las
dudas que siempre has tenido sobre esta parte del vocabulario inglés.
En las próximas líneas vamos a aprender a identificar cuáles son los pronombres
relativos en inglés, cuándo se utilizan y cómo introducirlos en una frase. Además, para
que quede todo claro, vamos a analizar varios ejemplos en inglés y en español. Al
final del artículo tendrás la oportunidad de poner a prueba lo aprendido con un
ejercicio completo.
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THAT QUE
• Who (quien, quienes, que): se utiliza cuando nos referimos a alguien. Solo
personas, no cosas.
• Which (el cual, los cuales, que): se utiliza solo con animales, objetos o
cosas.
The boy that was at the party is whom I met last week.
This is Fiona, the girl whose parents got divorced last week.
She knows what she did, but she will not admit it.
My apartment, which I have been renovating for the past three months, is ready to
rent.
Mi apartamento, el cual llevo reformando los últimos tres meses, está listo para
alquilar.
Es importante tener en cuenta que en este tipo de cláusulas no se puede utilizar that
en sustitución de who o which.
OJO: Acuerdate que existen otros tipos de pronombres como los pronombres
personales y los pronombres posesivos en inglés.
En este ejercicio vamos a ver cómo utilizar las cláusulas relativas y pronombres en
inglés dentro de un texto breve. Vamos a unir y a dar información adicional a las
cláusulas que encontraremos en él.
Para valorar la importancia de estos pronombres, contaremos una misma historia dos
veces: una sin pronombres relativos; y, la otra, utilizándolos.
Claudia is an English teacher. Claudia was born in Spain. She has two
daughters, Laura and Elena. Laura is 6 years old and Elena is 4 years old. Claudia is
not married yet, but she lives with a special man. His name is Roberto. She met him in
Venezuela. Claudia and Roberto are buying a new house. The house has three floors
and a big garden with a pool. Laura and Elena are very excited about their new
home. They want to have a dog. They want him to play in the garden with them.
Es una forma de contar la historia, pero no la mejor. ¿Por qué no? Porque hay
muchas pausas y repeticiones y esto puede afectar a la hora de hablar inglés con
fluidez. Vamos a ver ahora el texto añadiendo pronombres relativos:
Claudia is an English teacher who was born in Spain. She has two daughters, Laura,
who is 6 years old, and Elena, who is 4 years old. She is not married yet, but she lives
with a special man whose name is Roberto, whom she met in Venezuela. Claudia
and Roberto are buying a new house which has three floors and a big garden with a
pool. Laura and Elena, who are very excited about the house, want to have a
dog that plays in the garden with them.
Ejercicio 2
Eva is a Journalist. Eva worked in Spain for six years. She quitted her job. She loved it
but she was not happy. Eva now has moved to Paris. She rented an apartment with
her boyfriend. His name is Miguel. She met Miguel in Asia during a sabbatical trip.
Miguel is a Civil Engineer. He is working on a project for the Parisian metro.
Meanwhile, Eva is taking French classes. She will start an online project. She always
wanted to do it. Eva and Miguel are excited. They have a new life together in Paris.
Eva is a Journalist ______ worked in Spain for six years. She quitted her job, _____
she loved but was not happy with. Eva now lives in Paris in an apartment ______ she
rented with her boyfriend _____ name is Miguel, ______ she met in Indonesia during a
sabbatical trip. Miguel, ______ is a Civil Engineer, is working on a project for the
Parisian metro. Meanwhile, Eva is taking French classes and will start an online
project ______ she always wanted to do. Eva and Miguel are excited ______ they
have a new life together in Paris.
Respuestas: