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01. Se han realizado tres ensayos triaxiales de tipo consolidado no drenado con medición de
presión de poros sobre muestras inalteradas de un suelo saturado y se obtuvieron los
siguientes resultados.
Calcular analíticamente los parámetros de la resistencia al esfuerzo cortante totales y efectivos del
suelo (resultado de c en KN/m2). (5 puntos)
ENSAYO 1 (σ’1) = 527.000 - 48.1 = 478.9 ENSAYO 1 (σ’3) = 478.9 – 227 = 251.9
ENSAYO 2 (σ’1) = 821.400 – 96.4 = 725 ENSAYO 2 (σ’3) = 725 – 421.4 = 303.6
ENSAYO 3(σ’1) = 1315.7 – 124.4 = 1191 ENSAYO 3 (σ’3) = 1191.3 – 615.7 = 575.3
𝜙 𝜙
821.4 = 400 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
294.400 = 100 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
𝜙
294.400 = 100 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
294.400
𝜙 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ ∗ −45)*2
100
𝜙 = 29.5314
𝜙 = 29°31′ 53.07′′
𝜙 𝜙
527 = 300 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
2 𝜙
527 − 300 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + 2 )
𝑐=
𝜙
2 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + 2 )
𝑐 = −103.799
2. Ensayo 2-3
𝜙 𝜙
(−) 821.4 = 400 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙 𝜙
1315.7 = 700 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
494.300 = 300 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
Angulo de fricción total
𝜙
494.300 = 300 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
494.300
𝜙 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ ∗ −45)*2
300
𝜙 = 14.159
𝜙 = 14°09′ 33.31′′
𝜙 𝜙
821.4 = 400 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
821.4 − 400 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + 2 )
𝑐=
𝜙
2 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + 2 )
𝑐 = 63.233
3. Ensayo 3-1
𝜙 𝜙
(−) 527 = 300 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙 𝜙
1315.7 = 700 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
788.7 = 400 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
𝜙
788.7 = 400 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
788.7
𝜙 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ 400 ∗ −45)*2
𝜙 = 19.087
𝜙 = 19°05′ 11.54′′
𝜙 𝜙
1315.7 = 700 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
1315.7 − 700 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + 2 )
𝑐=
𝜙
2 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + 2 )
𝑐 = −22.976
𝜙 = 20°55′ 32.64′′
𝑐 = −21.181
𝜙′ 𝜙′
(−) 478.9 = 251.9 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙′
2
𝜙′
725 = 303.6 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙′
246.1 = 51.7 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
𝜙′
246.1 = 51.7 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
246.1
𝜙′ = (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ ∗ −45)*2
51.7
𝜙′ = 40.752
𝜙 ′ = 40°45′ 07.45′′
𝜙′ 𝜙′
478.9 = 251.9 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
478.9 − 251.9 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + 2 )
𝑐=
𝜙
2 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2
𝑐 = −165.045
2. Ensayo 2-3
𝜙′ 𝜙′
(−) 725 = 303.6 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙′ 𝜙′
1191 = 575.3 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙′
466 = 271.7 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
𝜙′
466.3 = 272 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
466.3
𝜙′ = (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ 272 ∗ −45)*2
𝜙′ = 15.271
𝜙 ′ = 15°16′ 15.90′′
2
𝜙′ 𝜙′
725 = 303.6 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
725 − 303.6 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + 2 )
𝑐=
𝜙
2 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + 2 )
𝑐 = 77.994
3. Ensayo 2-3
𝜙′ 𝜙′
(−) 478.9 = 251.9 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
2
𝜙′ 𝜙′
1191 = 575.3 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙′
712.1 = 323.4 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
Angulo de fricción total
𝜙′
712.1 = 323.4 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2
712.1
𝜙′ = (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √323.4 ∗ −45)*2
𝜙′ = 22.047
𝜙 ′ = 22°02′ 50.80′′
𝜙′ 𝜙′
1191 = 575.3 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) + 2𝑐′ ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2
𝜙
1191 − 575.3 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
𝑐′ = 2
𝜙
2 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + 2 )
𝑐′ = −25.529
𝜙′ = 26°01′ 24.71′′
𝑐′ = −37.5264
02. Calcular el empuje activo que actúa sobre el muro mostrado en la figura. Dibujar los
diagramas de esfuerzos y calcular el punto de aplicación de la resultante del empuje
activo.
q.=8 tn/m2
=37 o 4m
m=1,75 gr/cm3
=32 o 3m
N.F. m=1,90 tn/m3
sat=2,05 tn/m3 2m
8
q: tn/m2
Ø= 37 °
ɣm= 1.75 gr/cm3
4 m
Ø= 32 °
ɣsat= 1.90 tn/cm3
3 m
N.F.
ɣsat= 2.05 tn/cm3
2 m
𝜙
𝐾𝐴 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + 2 )
36 31
𝐾𝐴1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + 2 ) = 0.249 𝐾𝐴2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + ) = 0.307
2
PARA SUELOS FRICCIONANTES:
𝜎𝐻 = 𝐾𝐴 . 𝜎𝑣
Diagrama De Esfuerzos Horizontales
Para la superficie
𝜎𝑣 = 8 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜇=0
𝜎′𝑣 = 8 − (0) = 8 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎𝐻 = 𝐾𝐴1 . 𝜎𝑣 = 0.249 ∗ 8 = 1.989 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
Cambio de estrato
𝜎𝑣 = 8 + 4 ∗ 1.75 = 15 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜇=0
𝜎′𝑣 = 15 − (0) = 15 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎𝐻1 = 𝐾𝐴1 . 𝜎𝑣 = 0.249 ∗ 15 = 3.729 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎𝐻2 = 𝐾𝐴2 . 𝜎𝑣 = 0.307 ∗ 15 = 4.609 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
Nivel freático
𝜎𝑣 = 15 + 3 ∗ (1.90) = 20.700 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜇=0
𝜎′𝑣 = 20.700 − (0) = 20.700 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎𝐻1 = 𝐾𝐴2 . 𝜎𝑣 = 0.307 ∗ 20.700 = 6.360 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
Base
𝜇 = 2 ∗ 1 = 2 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎𝑣 = 20.700 + 2 ∗ (2.05) = 24.800 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎′𝑣 = 24.8 − (2) = 22.800 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎𝐻 = 𝐾𝐴2 . 𝜎´𝑣 = 0.307 ∗ 22.800 = 7.005 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
Esfuerzo hidrostático
𝜎𝐻𝑖 = 2 ∗ 1 = 2 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
𝜎𝐻 = 7.005 + 2 = 9.005 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
1.989
4m
E
4.609
3.729
3m
E E
6.360
2m E E
E
9.006 7.006
Calculo De Empujes
4
𝐸1 = 1.989 ∗ 4 = 7.955 𝑡𝑛/𝑚 𝑌1 = 5 + = 7 𝑚
2
(3.729−1.989)∗4 4
𝐸2 = = 3.480 𝑡𝑛/𝑚 𝑌2 = 5 + 3 = 6.333 𝑚
2
3
𝐸3 = 4.609 ∗ 3 = 13.827 𝑡𝑛/𝑚 𝑌3 = 2 + 2 = 3.5 𝑚
(6.360−4.609)∗3 3
𝐸4 = = 2.627 𝑡𝑛/𝑚 𝑌4 = 2 + 3 = 3 𝑚
2
2
𝐸5 = 6.36 ∗ 2 = 12.721 𝑡𝑛/𝑚 𝑌5 = 2 = 1 𝑚
(7.005−6.360)∗2 2
𝐸6 = = 0.645 𝑡𝑛/𝑚 𝑌6 = 3 = 0.667 𝑚
2
(9.005−7.005)∗2 2
𝐸7 = = 2 𝑡𝑛/𝑚 𝑌7 = 3 = 0.667 𝑚
2
𝑌
7.955 ∗ 7 + 3.48 ∗ 6.333 + 13.827 ∗ 3.5 + 2.627 ∗ 3 + 12.721 ∗ 1 + 0.645 ∗ 0.667 + 2.00 + 0.667
=
43.254
𝑌 = 3.4328
GRAFICO FINAL
1.989
4m
E
4.609
3.729
E E
𝒀 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔𝟖 𝒎
6.360
2m E E
E
9.006 7.006
03. Para los datos de campo del ensayo SPT realizado con equipo americano, nuevo de
martillo tubular, con riel, en perforación 6” de diámetro, sin funda; Calcular la
capacidad de carga de una zapata cuadrada de 3x3m cimentada a una profundidad de
3,5 m en un suelo de peso específico húmedo de 1.98 tn/m3.
z Nf
2 10
4 13
6 8
18 45
Datos:
PAIS : usa
TIPO: tubular
MECANISMO: riel
EST. CONSER. nuevo
PERFORACION: 6 '
PRESION ATM: 10 ton/m2
EFICIENCIA
EST: 70 %
FUNDA no
PERF. 15.24
1) Correcciones
𝝈′′𝟎
𝑪𝒏 = √ ′
𝝈𝟎
Esfuerzos efectivos
𝜎0′′ = 10 𝑡𝑛/𝑚2
10
𝐶𝑛 = √ = 1.589
3.960
10
𝐶𝑛 = √ = 1.124
7.920
10
𝐶𝑛 = √ = 0.917
11.880
10
𝐶𝑛 = √ = 0.530
35.640
𝑬
𝑪𝟏 =
𝑬𝒔
𝐸 = 100
𝐸𝑠 = 70
100
𝐶1 = = 1.43
70
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 2 𝑚 → 𝐶2 = 0.75
0.75+0.85
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 4 𝑚 → 𝐶2 = = 0.80
2
0.85+0.95
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 6 𝑚 → 𝐶2 = = 0.90
2
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 18 𝑚 → 𝐶2 = 1.00
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝐶3 = 1.00
𝐶4 = 1.05
Z Nf Cn C1 C2 C3 C4 N'70
2 10 1.589 1.43 0.75 1 1.05 17.877
4 13 1.124 1.43 0.80 1 1.05 17.529
6 8 0.917 1.43 0.90 1 1.05 9.909
18 45 0.530 1.43 1.00 1 1.05 35.755
3) Calcular N de diseño
∑ 𝑵𝒊. 𝒉𝒊
𝑵𝑫𝑰𝑺𝑬Ñ𝑶 =
∑ 𝒉𝒊
𝐵 =3𝑚
2𝐵 = 6 𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 3.5 𝑚
𝑍 = 9.5 𝑚
124.341
𝑁𝐷𝐼𝑆𝐸Ñ𝑂 = = 13.816
9
4) Calcular Q admisible
𝟎. 𝟑𝟐 𝑫
(𝑵′𝟕𝟎 ) (𝟏 +
𝑩 ) (𝟏 + 𝟑𝑩)
𝒒𝒂 =
𝟔
𝐵 = 𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑧𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑎 = 3 𝑚
𝐷 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 3.5 𝑚
0.32 3.5
(13.816) (1 +
3 ) (1 + 3(3))
𝑞𝑎 =
6
𝒒𝒂 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝒒𝒂 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟗𝟒 𝑻𝒏/𝒎𝟐