Como - Educar - Las - Emociones With Cover Page v2

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como educar las emociones

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El Observatorio FAROS Sant Joan de Déu (www.faroshsjd.net) es la
plataforma de promoción de la salud y el bienestar infantil del Hos-
pital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD) de Barcelona.
Nos dirigimos principalmente a madres y padres que tienen interés

en recibir información de calidad respecto la salud y bienestar de sus
hijos. Asimismo, FAROS se dirige también a otros cuidadores y profesio-
nales, especialmente en el campo de la salud y la educación.
Nuestra misión es proporcionar información y ofrecer todo nuestro co-

nocimiento para fomentar valores y hábitos saludables. Contamos
siempre con la colaboración y revisión de los profesionales del hospital y,
por lo tanto, garantizamos la máxima calidad de los contenidos que
publicamos.
También nos encontrarás en las redes sociales:
http://www.facebook.com/ObservatorioFAROS
@HSJD_FAROS
Edición: Faros Sant Joan de Déu
En FAROS encontrarás más de 1.000 consejos de salud clasificados en cinco grupos distintos de edad y te-
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Todos los documentos producido por el Observatorio FAROS están disponibles y de libre acceso en
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Dirección:
Jaume Pérez-Payarols
Adjunto técnico:
Arian Tarbal
Comité Asesor:
Carmen Cabezas
Jaume Campistol
Manuel del Castillo
Rubén Díaz
Santiago García-Tornel
Xavier Krauel
Josep Maria Lailla
Vicente Molina
Maria Dolors Navarro
Milagros Pérez Oliva
Esther Planas
Antoni Plasencia
Eduard Portella
Meritxell Ruiz
Jorge Wagensberg
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5
PRÓLOGO – EDUARD PUNSET
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«La inteligencia, sea emocional o de cualquier

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7
INTRODUCCIÓN – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
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jcuvc"hkpcngu"fgn"ukinq"ZZ"ewcpfq"ug"kpkekc"wp"ecodkq0"
Wp"rtkogt"rcuq"gu"nc"rwdnkecek„p"fgn"ctv ewnq"Goqvkqpcn"Kpvgnnkigpeg"gp"3;;2"rqt"rctvg"fg"
Rgvgt"Ucnqxg{" {"Lqjp" Oc{gt."swg"jcdt c"rcucfq"fgucrgtekdkfq"uk"pq" hwgtc"swg" ekpeq" c‚qu"
o u" vctfg." gn" ruke„nqiq" {" cwvqt" pqtvgcogtkecpq" Fcpkgn" Iqngocp" rwdnke„" wp" nkdtq" eqp" gn"
okuoq" v vwnq." dcu pfqug" gp" gn" ctv ewnq" cpvgtkqt0" Guvg" nkdtq" hwg" wp" dguv" ugnngt" owpfkcn" {" c"
rctvkt" fg" gug" oqogpvq" ug" kpkek„" wp" ecodkq" fg" vgpfgpekc" gp" gn" ugpvkfq" fg" fct" o u"
korqtvcpekc"c"ncu"goqekqpgu0"
½Swfi" gu" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcnA" C" itcpfgu" tcuiqu" rqft coqu" fgekt" swg" gu" nc" jcdknkfcf"
rctc" vqoct" eqpekgpekc" fg" ncu" rtqrkcu" goqekqpgu" {" fg" ncu" fgo u" rgtuqpcu" {" nc" ecrcekfcf"
rctc" tgiwnctncu0" Nc" eqpekgpekc" goqekqpcn" gu" gn" tgswkukvq" rctc" rqfgt" rcuct" c" nc" tgiwncek„p0"
Nc" cwvqttgiwncek„p" goqekqpcn" eqpukuvg" gp" wp" fkh ekn" gswknkdtkq" gpvtg" nc" korwnukxkfcf" {" nc"
tgrtguk„p0" Codqu" gzvtgoqu" rwgfgp" ugt" kiwcnogpvg" rgtlwfkekcngu0" Vcodkfip" gzkuvg" nc"
tgiwncek„p"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu"fg"nqu"fgo u."gp"gn"ugpvkfq"fg"swg"gn"eqorqtvcokgpvq"fg"ecfc"
rgtuqpc" kphnw{g" gp" ncu" goqekqpgu" fg" nqu" fgo u" {" rqt" vcpvq" gp" uw" eqorqtvcokgpvq0"
Eqpekgpekc" {" tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcngu" fgdgp" eqpukfgtctug" eqorgvgpekcu" d ukecu" rctc" nc"
xkfc."{c"swg"nc"rgtuqpc"swg"ncu"jc"cfswktkfq"guv "gp"oglqtgu"eqpfkekqpgu"rctc"chtqpvct"nqu"
tgvqu"swg"rncpvgc"nc"xkfc0"Gp"¿nvkoq"vfitokpq."uqp"gngogpvqu"gugpekcngu"gp"nc"eqpuvtweek„p"
fgn"dkgpguvct"rgtuqpcn"{"uqekcn0"
Nqu"ecodkqu"gfwecvkxqu"{"uqekcngu"uwgngp"ugt"ngpvqu0"Cwpswg"{c"jceg"o u"fg"xgkpvg"c‚qu"
swg"ug"guv "kpxguvkicpfq"uqdtg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"{"swg"jc{"owejc"igpvg"swg"jcdnc"fg"
gnnq."pq"ug"rwgfg"fgekt"swg"nc"rt evkec"gfwecvkxc"ug"jc{c"xkuvq"chgevcfc"ukipkhkecvkxcogpvg"
rqt"guvc"rtqrwguvc0"
C"hkpcngu"fg"nqu"c‚qu"pqxgpvc"ug"kpkekcp"gp"pwguvtc"ecuc"ncu"rtkogtcu"rwdnkecekqpgu"uqdtg"gn"
vgoc0" Ewcpfq" ug" jcdnc" fg" nc" crnkecek„p" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" nc" gfwecek„p." c"
ogpwfq" ug" jcdnc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn." swg" gu" wp" eqpegrvq" o u" cornkq" swg" nc"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn." {c" swg" tgeqig" qvtcu" crqtvcekqpgu" eqoq" nc" pgwtqekgpekc." ncu"
"
8
"
kpxguvkicekqpgu"uqdtg"gn"dkgpguvct"uwdlgvkxq."gn"eqpegrvq"fg"hnwkt."gve0"Fg"vqfq"gnnq"ug"fgtkxc"
jcekc"wp"oqfgnq"fg"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"swg"fgdgp"ugt"fgucttqnncfcu"c"vtcxfiu"fg"nc"
gfwecek„p0"Gp"nc"rtkogtc"ffiecfc"fgn"4222"ug"qdugtxc"wpc"rtqitgukxc"ugpukdknk|cek„p"uqekcn"
rqt" guvqu" vgocu0" Xc" etgekgpfq" gn" p¿ogtq" fg" rwdnkecekqpgu." kpxguvkicekqpgu." gzrgtkgpekcu"
gfwecvkxcu." ewtuqu." eqphgtgpekcu." lqtpcfcu." gve0." nq" swg" gu" gn" tghnglq" fg" wpc" korncpvcek„p"
kpekrkgpvg"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"gn"eqpvgzvq"gfwecvkxq0""
Nc" gxkfgpekc" gor tkec" jc" rwguvq" fg" ocpkhkguvq" nqu" ghgevqu" rqukvkxqu" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn"gp"owejqu"curgevqu"fg"nc"xkfc."eqoq"rqt"glgornq"wpc"fkuokpwek„p"fg"cpukgfcf."
guvtfiu."kpfkuekrnkpc."eqorqtvcokgpvqu"fg"tkguiq."eqphnkevqu." gve0."lwpvq"eqp"wp"cwogpvq"fg"
nc" vqngtcpekc" c" nc" htwuvtcek„p." tguknkgpekc" {." gp" ¿nvkoq" vfitokpq." fgn" dkgpguvct" goqekqpcn0"
Jcegt" eqpuekgpvg" gn" dkgpguvct" {" nc" hgnkekfcf" gu" wpq" fg" nqu" qdlgvkxqu" fg" nc" gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn0"
«A grandes rasgos, la inteligencia emocional es la habilidad

para tomar conciencia de las emociones propias y ajenas, y
la capacidad para regularlas.»
Nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" vkgpg" crnkecekqpgu" gp" nc"

Årtgxgpek„p" kpgurge hkecÇ0" Wpc" rgtuqpc" eqp"
eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" guv " o u" rtgrctcfc" rctc" pq"
kornkectug" gp" gn" eqpuwoq" fg" ftqicu." eqorqtvcokgpvqu"
fg"tkguiq"*eqpfweek„p"vgogtctkc."xkqngpekc."fgnkpewgpekc."
gve0+0"Jc{"gxkfgpekcu"fg"nc"korqtvcpekc"{"nc"pgegukfcf"fg"
cfswktkt" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" rqt" rctvg" fg" nc"
kphcpekc"{"nc"cfqnguegpekc"fg" ectc"cn"fgucttqnnq"rgtuqpcn"
{" rtqhgukqpcn0" Wpc" eqpenwuk„p" gu" enctc<" gp" gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn" jc{" swg" gorg|ct" nq" cpvgu" rqukdng0" Kpenwuq"
fwtcpvg" gn" godctc|q" {c" gu" ow{" korqtvcpvg" gn" guvcfq"
goqekqpcn"fg"nc"hwvwtc"ocftg"rqt"ncu"tgrgtewukqpgu"swg"
"
guvq"vkgpg"gp"gn"hgvq0""
Nc" tgncek„p" gpvtg" goqek„p" {" ucnwf" gu" ecfc" xg|" o u" gxkfgpvg0" Ncu" kpxguvkicekqpgu" jcp"
fgoquvtcfq" e„oq" ncu" goqekqpgu" pgicvkxcu" eqpvtkdw{gp" c" fkuokpwkt" ncu" fghgpucu" fgn"
ukuvgoc" kpowpkvctkq" {" rqt" nq" vcpvq" rtgfkurqpgp" c" eqpvtcgt" gphgtogfcfgu0" Gp" ecodkq." ncu"
goqekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"eqpvtkdw{gp"c"cwogpvct"pwguvtcu"fghgpucu"{"gp"eqpugewgpekc."rwgfgp"
hwpekqpct" eqoq" rtgxgpek„p0" Ug" jcp" kfgpvkhkecfq" o u" fg" ewctgpvc" gphgtogfcfgu" swg"
rwgfgp"ugt"eqpukfgtcfcu"fg"ect evgt"rukequqo vkeq."fqpfg"ncu"goqekqpgu"rwgfgp"lwict"wp"
"
9
"
rcrgn" korqtvcpvg." gpvtg" gnncu" gn" cuoc." ncu" ¿negtcu" i uvtkecu." nqu" vkeu." ncu" eqpvtcevwtcu." nc"
jkrgtvgpuk„p"et„pkec."nqu"vtcuvqtpqu"ectfkqxcuewnctgu."gve0"
Gn" Jqurkvcn" Ucpv" Lqcp" fg" Ffiw" gu" wpq" fg" nqu" rtkogtqu" fg" Gurc‚c" gp" fkurqpgt" fg" wp" tgc"
fgfkecfc" c" nc" rtgxgpek„p" {" rtqoqek„p" fg" nc" ucnwf" kphcpvkn0" Rqt" guvc" tc|„p." {" vgpkgpfq"
rtgugpvg" nq" gzrwguvq" gp" nqu" r ttchqu" cpvgtkqtgu." pq" gu" fg" gzvtc‚ct" swg" fkejq" jqurkvcn." c"
vtcxfiu"fg"uw"ecpcn"fg"rtgxgpek„p"{"rtqoqek„p"fg"nc"ucnwf"kphcpvkn"{"lwxgpkn."gn"Qdugtxcvqtkq"
HCTQU." jc{cp" fgekfkfq" jcegt" wp" kphqtog" uqdtg" nc"kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" guvcu" htcplcu"
fg"gfcf0"Jc{"xctkqu"ctiwogpvqu"swg"gzrnkecp"{"lwuvkhkecp"guvc"fgekuk„p<"
̋ Gp" rtkogt" nwict." rqtswg" gn" jqurkvcn" gu" eqpuekgpvg" fg" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" nc"
kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"gp"nc"kphcpekc"{"cfqnguegpekc."eqpukfgtcpfq"swg"hqtoc"rctvg"
fg" nc" ucnwf" ogpvcn" {" fgn" dkgpguvct." {" rqt" vcpvq" gu" wp" vgoc" fg" kpvgtfiu" rctc" gn"
jqurkvcn0"
̋ Ugiwpfq." rqtswg" swkgtg" vtcpuokvkt" nc" xkuk„p" {" eqpxkeek„p" fg" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg"
cevwct"gp"nc"kphcpekc"rctc"ictcpvk|ct"wpc"gvcrc"cfwnvc"eqp"ucnwf0"
̋ Vgtegtq." rqtswg" swkgtg" uwoctug" c" fkhwpfkt" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn"gp"nc"uqekgfcf"gp"igpgtcn"{"gp"rctvkewnct"gp"nc"kphcpekc"{"cfqnguegpekc0"
̋ Ewctvq." rqtswg" swkgtg" rqpgt" cn" cnecpeg" fg" nc" uqekgfcf" wpcu" jgttcokgpvcu" uqdtg"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" swg" ugcp" ¿vkngu" rctc" ncu" hcoknkcu." nqu" rtqhgukqpcngu" fg" nc"
gfwecek„p" {" rctc" gn" rgtuqpcn" ucpkvctkq." eqp" nc" kpvgpek„p" fg" hceknkvct" nc" rwguvc" gp"
rt evkec"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"pk‚qu"{"l„xgpgu0"
Eqpxkgpg" fglct" enctq" swg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gu" korqtvcpvg" gp" vqfcu" ncu" rgtuqpcu."
kpfgrgpfkgpvgogpvg"fg"nc"gfcf."fgn"ugzq"q"fgn"guvcfq"fg"ucnwf0"Gp"ewcnswkgt"ecuq."rwgfg"
swg" ncu" gphgtogfcfgu" jcicp" o u" fkh ekn" tgiwnct" ncu" goqekqpgu." fg" fqpfg" ug" fgtkxc" wpc"
oc{qt" korqtvcpekc" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" guvcu" ukvwcekqpgu." vcpvq" rqt" rctvg" fgn"
gphgtoq"eqoq"fg"ncu"rgtuqpcu"swg"nq"ceqorc‚cp0"
C" rguct" fg" swg" gn" Jqurkvcn" Ucpv" Lqcp" fg" Ffiw" vkgpg" eqoq" fguvkpcvctkq" rtkqtkvctkq" fg" uwu"
ugtxkekqu"c"nqu"pk‚qu"gphgtoqu."guvg"kphqtog"ug"fktkig"c"nc"uqekgfcf"gp"igpgtcn"{"fg"hqtoc"
gurgekcn"c"ncu"hcoknkcu"{"cn"rtqhguqtcfq0"Nc"kpvgpek„p"gu"fqdng0"Rqt"wp"ncfq" swg"hcoknkcu"{"
rtqhguqtcfq" eqpvtkdw{cp" cn" fgucttqnnq" fg" ncu" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" fg" ncu" pwgxcu"
igpgtcekqpgu."eqp"nq"ewcn"ug"jceg"wpc"rtgxgpek„p"swg"rwgfg"eqpvtkdwkt"c"oglqtct"uw"guvcfq"
fg" ucnwf" {." rqt" qvtc." nqu" swg" kpgxkvcdngogpvg" vgpicp" wp" rtqdngoc" fg" ucnwf." swg" vgpicp"
o u"tgewtuqu"rctc"jcegtng"htgpvg"eqp"o u"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn."nq"swg"rwgfg"tgrgtewvkt"
gp"wp"oglqt"rtqp„uvkeq0"
"
10
"
Gp" guvg" kphqtog" ug" rwgfgp" gpeqpvtct" wpc" ugtkg" fg" ecr vwnqu" fkuvkpvqu" swg" vkgpgp" eqoq"
qdlgvkxq"rtgugpvct"wp"octeq"igpgtcn"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"{"nqu"hwpfcogpvqu"rctc"nc"
rt evkec"gfwecvkxc."vcpvq"gp"nc"hcoknkc"eqoq"gp"nc"guewgnc0"
Gp" gn" rtkogt" ecr vwnq." gn" pgwtqekgpv hkeq" Htcpekueq" Oqtc" pqu" jcdnc" fg" goqek„p." dkqnqi c" {"
ucnwf"rctc"gpoctect"gn"vgoc0"Oqtc"pqu"gzrnkec"swfi"uqp"ncu"goqekqpgu"fgufg"wp"rwpvq"fg"
xkuvc" pgwtqhkukqn„ikeq." eqpegrvq" hwpfcogpvcn" cpvgu" fg" rcuct" c" cpcnk|ct" nc" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn0"
Gp" gn" ugiwpfq" ecr vwnq." tgfcevcfq" rqt" swkgp" uwuetkdg" guvc" kpvtqfweek„p." fguetkdkoqu" nc"
kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"{"nqu"rtkpekrcngu"oqfgnqu."fgufg"fqpfg"rcucoqu"c"ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"
goqekqpcngu"{"nc"hqtoc"fg"fgucttqnnctncu"c"vtcxfiu"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn."vcpvq"gp"ncu"
hcoknkcu" eqoq" gp" egpvtqu" gfwecvkxqu." qticpk|cekqpgu." ogfkqu" fg" eqowpkecek„p." {"
n„ikecogpvg" gp" jqurkvcngu0" Cukokuoq." jcegoqu" ogpek„p" gurgekcn" c" nqu" ogfkqu" fg"
eqowpkecek„p"{"uw"tqn"eqoq"fkhwuqtgu"fg"eqpqekokgpvq"gp"vqtpq"c"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"
Gp"nqu"ecr vwnqu"rquvgtkqtgu."fkhgtgpvgu"gzrgtvqu"fg"guvg"ecorq"pqu"corn cp"nqu"eqpegrvqu"
swg"kpvtqfwekoqu"gp"guvg"crctvcfq0"
Guvjgt" Icte c" Pcxcttq." swg" jc" guvwfkcfq" uqdtg" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" nc" Wpkxgtukv{" qh"
[cng." {" gu" eqqtfkpcfqtc" fgn" O uvgt" gp" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" {" Dkgpguvct" {" fgn" O uvgt" gp"
Kpvgnkigpekc" Goqekqpcn" gp" ncu" Qticpk|cekqpgu" fg" nc" Wpkxgtukvcv" fg" Dctegnqpc." gp" gn" vgtegt"
ecr vwnq" rtgugpvc" rtqrwguvcu" rt evkecu" rctc" c{wfct" c" rcftgu" {" ocftgu" c" fgucttqnnct" nc"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" uwu" jklqu0" Nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" fgdg" gorg|ct" fgufg" gn"
pcekokgpvq."{"rqt"vcpvq"nc"hcoknkc"vkgpg"wpc"hwpek„p"ow{"korqtvcpvg"gp"guvg"ugpvkfq0"
«La educación emocional debe empezar desde el nacimiento.»
Fg"nc"ewpc"rcucoqu"c"nc"guewgnc0"Gp"gn"ecr vwnq"ewctvq."ênkc"N„rg|"Ecuu ."rtqhguqtc"fg"nc"

Wpkxgtukvcv" fg" Dctegnqpc" swg" jk|q" gn" fqevqtcfq" uqdtg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn." rtgugpvc"
rtqrwguvcu" rt evkecu" rctc" gn" rtqhguqtcfq0" Nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" fgdgt c" guvct" rtgugpvg"
fgufg" nc" gfwecek„p" kphcpvkn." rcucpfq" rqt" rtkoctkc" {" ugewpfctkc." jcuvc" nc" xkfc" cfwnvc0" C¿p"
swgfc"owejq"rqt"jcegt"fg"ectc"c"nc"korncpvcek„p"fg"rtqitcocu"fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"
vqfqu" nqu" egpvtqu" gfwecvkxqu0" Gp" guvg" ecr vwnq" jc{" wpc" fgiwuvcek„p" fg" nq" swg" ug" rwgfg"
jcegt0"
Gp" gn"swkpvq"ecr vwnq."Lwcp"Ectnqu" Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|."rtqhguqt"fg"nc"Wpkxgtukfcf"Pcekqpcn"fg"

Gfwecek„p"c"Fkuvcpekc"swg"jk|q"gn"fqevqtcfq"uqdtg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn."gzrqpg"wp"octeq"
igpgtcn"uqdtg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"crnkecfc"c"nc"gfwecek„p"gp"gn"owpfq0"Gn"cwvqt"rqpg."
cfgo u."gurgekcn"fiphcuku"gp"kpxguvkicekqpgu"eqpetgvcu"{"gp"ncu"gxcnwcekqpgu"fg"rtqitcocu"
fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn."fg"fqpfg"ug"fgtkxcp"crnkecekqpgu"rctc"nc"rt evkec0"
"
11
"
Nkpfc" Ncpvkgtk" gu" wpc" tgeqpqekfc" gurgekcnkuvc" swg" jc" nngxcfq" c" ecdq" kpxguvkicekqpgu" {"
gzrgtkgpekcu" ow{" kppqxcfqtcu" gp" Pwgxc" [qtm" uqdtg" gn" crtgpfk|clg" uqekcn" {" goqekqpcn"
*CUG+0"Gp"gn"ecr vwnq"ugzvq."Ncpvkgtk"pqu"rtgugpvc"cniwpqu"curgevqu"fg"uw"n pgc"fg"vtcdclq."
swg"cdtg"ncu"rwgtvcu"c"o¿nvkrngu"gzrgtkgpekcu"rqukdngu"gp"nqu"egpvtqu"gfwecvkxqu0"Gp"kpinfiu"
{c"gu"wpc"gzrtguk„p"jcdkvwcn"gn"uqekcn"cpf"goqvkqpcn"ngctpkpi"*UGN+0"
Gp"gn"ufirvkoq"ecr vwnq."Rknct"Ciwkngtc."swg"gu"Xkukvkpi"Uejqnct"gp"gn"Kpuvkvwvg"qh"Gfwecvkqp"fg"
nc" Wpkxgtukv{" qh" Nqpfqp" {" swg" guv " kpxguvkicpfq" uqdtg" nc" fkogpuk„p" goqekqpcn" fg" nc"
ekwfcfcp c"{"nqu"fgtgejqu"jwocpqu."pqu"jcdnc"fgn"uqekcn"cpf"goqvkqpcn"curgevu"qh"ngctpkpi"
*UGCN+." fgpqokpcek„p" swg" tgekdg" gn" crtgpfk|clg" uqekcn" {" goqekqpcn" gp" gn" Tgkpq" Wpkfq0"
Ciwkngtc" pqu" jceg" wpc" fqewogpvcfc" gzrqukek„p" fg" e„oq" gn" UGCN" ug" nngxc" c" ecdq" gp" nqu"
egpvtqu"gfwecvkxqu."ukgortg"eqp"nc"kpvgpek„p"fg"rqfgt"gzvtcgt"tgewtuqu"rctc"nc"rt evkec0"
Gp"gn"ecr vwnq"qevcxq."gzrqpiq"wpc"xkuk„p"fg"u pvguku"fgn"CUG"fg"cniwpqu"ecuqu"nngxcfqu"c"

ecdq"gp"Gurc‚c"fgufg"ncu"gzrgtkgpekcu"rkqpgtcu"jceg"{c"rqeq"o u"fg"wpc"ffiecfc0"
Gp"gn"pqxgpq"ecr vwnq"ug"jceg"gurgekcn"tghgtgpekc"c"cniwpcu"gzrgtkgpekcu"eqpetgvcu"eqp"nc"
fqdng" hkpcnkfcf" fg" fct" c" eqpqegt" {" fg" jcegt" uwigtgpekcu" ¿vkngu" rctc" nqu" ngevqtgu0" Pkgxgu"
Ugiqxkc." rtgukfgpvc" fg" nc" Kpuvkvwek„p" Gfwecvkxc" UGM" pqu" rtgugpvc" eqp" wp" rqeq" o u" fg"
fgvcnng" nqu" curgevqu" o u" tgngxcpvgu" fgn" rtqitcoc" rwguvq" gp" octejc" gp" gn" ugpq" fg" nc"
kpuvkvwek„p0"
«Este documento pretende suscitar el interés por la inteligencia

emocional y las ganas de formarse y leer sobre el tema.»
Hkpcnogpvg." gn" ffiekoq" ecr vwnq" tgeqig." gp" hqtoc" fg" fge nqiq" fg" dwgpcu" rt evkecu." wpc"
u pvguku" fg" nqu" rtkpekrcngu" eqpuglqu" swg" ug" jcp" kfq" fgucttqnncpfq" c" nq" nctiq" fg" vqfq" gn"
kphqtog0"
Eqp"guvg"vtcdclq" ug"rtgvgpfg"uwuekvct"gn"kpvgtfiu"rqt" gn"vgoc"{."rqt"nq"vcpvq."ncu"icpcu"fg"

ugiwkt" hqto pfqug" {" ng{gpfq" uqdtg" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0" Rctc" hceknkvct" nc" hqtocek„p"
eqpvkpwcfc." eqorngogpvcoqu" gn" fqewogpvq" eqp" wpcu" tgeqogpfcekqpgu" dkdnkqit hkecu"
encukhkecfcu"gp"xctkcu"ecvgiqt cu."gp"ncu"¿nvkocu"r ikpcu0"
Swkgtq"jcegt"eqpuvct"swg"rctc"o "gu"wpc"itcp"ucvkuhceek„p"jcdgt"vgpkfq"nc"qrqtvwpkfcf"fg"
eqqtfkpct" guvg" rtq{gevq" gp" tgrtgugpvcek„p" fg" nc" Hwpfcek„p" Gfwctfq" Rwpugv." lwpvq" eqp"
Qevcxk" Rncpgnnu." fg" Itwrq" Rwpugv" Rtqfweekqpgu." c" swkgp" citcfg|eq" ncu" iguvkqpgu" fg"
eqpvcevqu"eqp"cwvqtgu."eqttgeek„p"{"uwrgtxkuk„p"fg"nqu"vgzvqu0"
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Guvg"vtcdclq"guv "fktkikfq"rqt"gn"Qdugtxcvqtkq"HCTQU"fgn"Jqurkvcn"Ucpv"Lqcp"fg"Ffiw"lwpvq"
eqp"gn"rcvtqekpkq"fg"nc"Qdtc"Uqekcn"fg"nc"Hwpfcek„p"$Nc"Eckzc$0"Citcfgegoqu"c"Lcwog"Rfitg|"
Rc{ctqnu"{"Ctkcp"Vctdcn."tgrtgugpvcpvgu"fg"guvcu"kpuvkvwekqpgu."nc"kpkekcvkxc"{"gn"crq{q"swg"
jcp"fcfq"rctc"jcegt"rqukdng"guvg"rtq{gevq0"
Gurgtcoqu"swg"vqfq" gnnq"ugc"wp"fqewogpvq"¿vkn"rctc"ncu"hcoknkcu."rtqhguqtcfq" {"uqekgfcf"

gp"igpgtcn."fg"ectc"c"eqpvtkdwkt"cn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Uk"gu"cu "{"ug"xc"
rqpkgpfq" gp" rt evkec" jcuvc" ncu" ¿nvkocu" eqpugewgpekcu." jcdtgoqu" eqpvtkdwkfq" cn" dkgpguvct"
goqekqpcn."rgtuqpcn"{"uqekcn."swg"gu"wpc"hqtoc"fg"jcegt"ucnwf0"
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¿QUÉ SON LAS EMOCIONES? – FRANCISCO MORA
"
30"½Swfi"uqp"ncu"goqekqpguA""
Htcpekueq"Oqtc"
Nc" goqek„p" gu" gug" oqvqt" swg" vqfqu" nngxcoqu" fgpvtq0" Wpc" gpgti c" eqfkhkecfc" gp" ekgtvqu"
ektewkvqu" pgwtqpcngu" nqecnk|cfqu" gp" |qpcu" rtqhwpfcu" fg" pwguvtq" egtgdtq" *gp" gn" ukuvgoc"
n odkeq+" swg" pqu" owgxg" {" pqu" gorwlc" Åc" xkxktÇ." c" swgtgt" guvct" xkxqu" gp" kpvgtceek„p"
eqpuvcpvg" eqp" gn" owpfq" {" eqp" pquqvtqu" okuoqu0" Ektewkvqu" swg." okgpvtcu" guvcoqu"
fgurkgtvqu." ug" gpewgpvtcp"ukgortg" cevkxqu."gp" cngtvc."{"pqu" c{wfcp"c" fkuvkpiwkt"guv ownqu"
korqtvcpvgu"rctc"pwguvtc"uwrgtxkxgpekc0""
Guv ownqu"swg"rwgfgp"ugt"fg"tgeqorgpuc"{"rncegt"q"fg"fqnqt"{"ecuvkiq0"Gp"gn"Fkeekqpctkq"fg"
Pgwtqekgpekc" fg" Oqtc" {" Ucpiwkpgvvk" *4226+" ug" fghkpg" nc" goqek„p" eqoq" Åwpc" tgceek„p"
eqpfwevwcn" {" uwdlgvkxc" rtqfwekfc" rqt" wpc" kphqtocek„p" rtqxgpkgpvg" fgn" owpfq" gzvgtpq" q"
kpvgtpq"*ogoqtkc+"fgn"kpfkxkfwq0"Ug"ceqorc‚c"fg"hgp„ogpqu"pgwtqxgigvcvkxqu0"Gn"ukuvgoc"
n odkeq" gu" rctvg" korqtvcpvg" fgn" egtgdtq" tgncekqpcfq" eqp" nc" gncdqtcek„p" fg" ncu" eqpfwevcu"
goqekqpcnguÇ0" Rqt" ugt" guvg" gn" ecr vwnq" kpvtqfwevqtkq" fgn" kphqtog." rkgpuq" swg" ugt c"
kpvgtgucpvg"cenctct"{"gzrcpfkt"nq"o u"rqukdng"nqu"eqpegrvqu"korn ekvqu"gp"guvc"fghkpkek„p0"
Cenctcpfq"fghkpkekqpgu"
Rqt"wpc"rctvg"nc"tgceek„p"eqpfwevwcn."fguetkvc"gp"gn"ekvcfq"fkeekqpctkq."jceg"tghgtgpekc"c"ncu"
tgurwguvcu"fgn"qticpkuoq"cpvg"cswgnncu"ukvwcekqpgu"swg" uqp"wp"rgnkitq"*fqnqt+" q"dkgp"uqp"
guv ownqu" rncegpvgtqu0" Cpvg" wp" rgttq" gpug‚cpfq" nqu" fkgpvgu" {" fkurwguvq" c" oqtfgtpqu."
vgpgoqu" wpc" enctc" tgceek„p" goqekqpcn" *fg" rgnkitq." ecuvkiq." fqnqt+" eqp" nc" swg" pqu"
crtguvcoqu"c"fghgpfgtpqu"q"jwkt0"Eqp"jcodtg."{"cpvg"wp"dwgp"rncvq"fg"eqokfc."vcodkfip"
vgpgoqu"wpc" tgceek„p" goqekqpcn"*rncegt+"swg" guvc" xg|"pqu"nngxc"c"cegtectpqu"cn"rncvq"fg"
eqokfc"{"gxgpvwcnogpvg"eqogt0"
Guvcu" tgceekqpgu" cpvg" gn" rgnkitq" q" cpvg" ewcnswkgt" guvkownq" rncegpvgtq" qdgfgegp" c"
ogecpkuoqu" wpkxgtucngu" eqfkhkecfqu" gp" gn" egtgdtq" fgufg" jceg" oknnqpgu" fg" c‚qu0" Nc"
goqek„p" ug" gpekgpfg" q" dkgp" cpvg" wp" rwtq" gxgpvq" gzvgtpq." eqoq" gu" gn" ecuq" fgn" cvcswg"
gurqpv pgq"fgn"rgttq"swg"cecdcoqu"fg"ogpekqpct."q"dkgp"rqt"nc"eqplwpek„p"fg"wp"gxgpvq"
kpvgtpq" {" qvtq" gzvgtpq0" Guvg" ¿nvkoq" ecuq" qdgfgeg" cn" fgugswknkdtkq" swg" ug" rtqfweg" gp"
pwguvtq" qticpkuoq" {" uw" tgrgtewuk„p" gp" gn" egtgdtq" cpvg" nc" hcnvc" fg" cnkogpvqu" *gxgpvq"
kpvgtpq+."q"rqt"rtkxcek„p"fg"cevkxkfcf"ugzwcn."cpvg"wpc"ukvwcek„p"fg"gzegukxq"ht q"q"ecnqt"q"
cpvg"wpc"ectgpekc"fg"uwg‚q0""
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Rqpicoqu" gn" glgornq" fg" hcnvc" fg" cnkogpvqu0" Gp" guvc" ukvwcek„p" fg" jcodtg." ug" rtqfweg" wp"
guvcfq" fg" fgugswknkdtkq" kpvgtpq." swg" gp" hkukqnqi c" eqpqegt coqu" eqoq" rfitfkfc" q"
fgugswknkdtkq"fg"nc"ÅjqogquvcukuÇ0"["gu"gp"guvcu"eqpfkekqpgu"swg"nc"xkuk„p"fg"wp"dwgp"rncvq"
fg" eqokfc" *gxgpvq" gzvgtpq+" ug" xqnxgt c" cvtcevkxq" {" rncegpvgtq." equc" swg" pq" qewttkt c" uk"
gzkuvkgug"wp"gswknkdtkq"fg"pwvtkgpvgu"gp"pwguvtq"qticpkuoq"*ucekgfcf"fg"cnkogpvqu+0""
Vqfqu" guvqu" uqp" ogecpkuoqu" eqfkhkecfqu" gp" nqu" ektewkvqu" pgwtqpcngu" fg" ewcnswkgt" gurgekg"
cpkocn0" Gp" vqfqu" nqu" qticpkuoqu." nc" tgceek„p" goqekqpcn" gu" wp" ogecpkuoq" rwguvq" gp"
octejc" fg" oqfq" cwvqo vkeq." {c" swg" vkgpg" rqt" hkpcnkfcf" tgcnk|ctug" gp" gn" ogpqt" vkgorq"
rqukdng0"["cu ."fg"jgejq."vcodkfip"qewttg"gp"gn"ugt"jwocpq0"Gp"qvtcu"rcncdtcu."nc"goqek„p"
gu" wpc" tgceek„p" kpeqpuekgpvg." swg" rtgrctc" c" pwguvtq" ewgtrq" rctc" cvcect" q" eqttgt" {" jwkt"
cpvg"gn"rgnkitq"q"cdcncp|ctug"cpvg"wpc"hwgpvg"fg"eqokfc"{"vqfq"ukp"crgpcu"ugt"eqpuekgpvg"
fg" gnnq0" [" pq" rqf c" ugt" fg" qvtc" hqtoc0" Gu" enctq" swg" nc" pcvwtcng|c" jc" gpeqpvtcfq" eqp" nc"
goqek„p" wp" ogecpkuoq" ucdkq." ghkekgpvg." ecrc|" fg" ocpvgpgt" c" vqfqu" nqu" ugtgu" xkxqu" wpqu"
htgpvg" c" qvtqu0" Eqp" gnnq." tgcnogpvg." nc" pcvwtcng|c" jc" rncpkhkecfq" fghkpkvkxcogpvg" nc"
uwrgtxkxgpekc"dkqn„ikec0"
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Fklkoqu"vcodkfip"swg"ncu"goqekqpgu"ug"ceqorc‚cp"fg"hgp„ogpqu"xgigvcvkxqu0"Eqp"gnnq."nq"
swg"ug"swkgtg"fgekt"gu"swg"gp"guc"tgceek„p"goqekqpcn."{"hqtocpfq"rctvg"fg"gnnc."ug"cevkxc"
wpc"rctvg"gurgekhkec"fgn"ukuvgoc"pgtxkquq"swg"ug"eqpqeg"eqoq"ukuvgoc"pgtxkquq"cwv„pqoq"
q"xgigvcvkxq0"Cfgo u."fgrgpfkgpfq"fg"swg"ug"vtcvg"fg"wpc"tgceek„p"fg"fqnqt"q"rncegt."ug"
cevkxc"nc"uwdfkxkuk„p"swg"ug"eqpqeg"eqoq"ukuvgoc"ukor vkeq"q"ukuvgoc"rctcukor vkeq0""
Nc" hwpek„p" fg" guvqu" hgp„ogpqu" xgigvcvkxqu" eqpukuvg" gp" rtqfwekt." lwpvq" eqp" nc" eqpfwevc."
vqfc"wpc"ugtkg"fg"ecodkqu"rctcngnqu"gp"vqfqu"nqu"„ticpqu"{"ukuvgocu"fg"pwguvtq"ewgtrq"eqp"
nqu"swg"guvg" ug"cfcrvc" c"nc"pwgxc" ukvwcek„p0" Nc"cevkxcek„p"fgn"ukuvgoc" pgtxkquq" ukor vkeq"
qewttg"cpvg"wp"rgnkitq"*rkfipugug"gp"gn"glgornq"cpvgtkqt."gn"cvcswg"fg"wp"rgttq+0"Ug"vtcvc"fg"
wpc" tgurwguvc" hkukqn„ikec" gp" nc" swg" ug" nkdgtcp" owejcu" jqtoqpcu." ug" rtqfweg" wpc"
eqpvtceek„p" owuewnct" rqvgpvg." eqttkgpfq" q" cvcecpfq." cwogpvc" nc" cevkxkfcf" fgn" eqtc|„p." {"
nqu" xcuqu" ucpiw pgqu" hcxqtgegp." eqp" wp" cwogpvq" fg" uw" hnwlq" ucpiw pgq." gn" tkgiq" fgn"
eqtc|„p"{"nqu"o¿uewnqu="cwogpvc"vcodkfip" gn"xqnwogp"fgn"cktg"gp"nqu"rwnoqpgu" {"lwpvq"c"
guvq"vqfc"wpc"nctiw ukoc"ugtkg"fg" tgurwguvcu"hkukqn„ikecu"fg"vqfqu"nqu" „ticpqu" {" ukuvgocu"
fg"pwguvtq"qticpkuoq0" Gp"nc"cevkxcek„p"fgn"ukuvgoc"pgtxkquq"rctcukor vkeq"qewttg"vqfq"nq"
qrwguvq"c"nq"fguetkvq"cpvgtkqtogpvg0"
«La naturaleza ha encontrado con la emoción un mecanismo

sabio, eficiente, capaz de mantener a todos los seres vivos
unos frente a otros.»
C‚cfkfq"c"vqfq"gnnq."cfgo u."ncu"goqekqpgu."gp"gn"ugt"jwocpq."ug"jcegp"eqpuekgpvgu"*guc"
tgceek„p" uwdlgvkxc" swg" tghgt coqu" c" rtqr„ukvq" fg" nc" fghkpkek„p" fgn" Fkeekqpctkq" fg"
Pgwtqekgpekc+0"Gn"jqodtg."htgpvg"cn"tguvq"fg"vqfqu"nqu"ugtgu"xkxqu"{"itcekcu"c"guc"qvtc"rctvg"
fgn"egtgdtq"swg"gu"nc"kpogpuc"eqtvg|c"egtgdtcn"jwocpc"{"swg"cndgtic"nqu"ogecpkuoqu"swg"
rtqfwegp" nc" eqpekgpekc." ÅucdgÇ" fg" uwu" tgceekqpgu" goqekqpcngu" cn" chnqtct" guvcu" c" uw"
eqpekgpekc0" Guc" ugpucek„p" eqpuekgpvg" fg" wpc" fgvgtokpcfc" tgceek„p" goqekqpcn" uqp" nqu"
ugpvkokgpvqu0"Gn"jqodtg."rwgu."gzrgtkogpvc"ugpvkokgpvqu<"gp"gn"ecuq"fgn"glgornq"cpvgtkqt."
gp" swg" qewtt c" wp" cvcswg" eqpvtc" pwguvtc" xkfc<" ugpvkoqu" okgfq." ÅucdgoquÇ" swg" vgpgoqu"
okgfq0""
Nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu."cn"ogpqu"gp"crctkgpekc."vgpft cp"rqeq"swg"xgt"eqp"nqu"ogecpkuoqu"swg"
ocpvkgpgp" nc" uwrgtxkxgpekc" {" rqt" vcpvq" eqp" ncu" goqekqpgu0" Rgtq" pq" gu" cu ." rwgu" nqu"
ugpvkokgpvqu."cn"tgenwvct"ogecpkuoqu"fg"nc"eqpekgpekc"{"jcegtpqu"rqt"vcpvq"eqpuekgpvgu"fg"
ewcpvq" qewttg." c‚cfgp" wpc" oc{qt" hngzkdknkfcf" c" nc" eqpfwevc" jwocpc" cpvg" ncu" ukvwcekqpgu"
cpvgu" fguetkvcu0" Nq" gzvtcqtfkpctkq." cfgo u." gu" swg" Ågug" c‚cfkfq" ugpvkogpvcnÇ" ng" jc"
uwrwguvq"cn"jqodtg"gn"fguewdtkokgpvq"fg"wp"pwgxq"owpfq0""
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Gu" fgekt." ng" jc" nngxcfq" o u" cnn " fg" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" kpogfkcvqu" fg" okgfq." rncegt" q"
htwuvtcek„p"{"gpeqpvtct"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu"fg"dkgpguvct"cpvg"owejcu"{"fkhgtgpvgu"ukvwcekqpgu"
rgtuqpcngu" *gn" vtcdclq" dkgp" jgejq+" q" ncu" jgejcu" rqt" qvtqu" *gn" crncwuq" c" wp" jklq" rqt" uw"
ecttgtc"uqdtgucnkgpvg+0"[."c¿p"o u"nglqu."c"guqu"ugpvkokgpvqu."gpvtg"qvtqu"owejqu."swg"wpq"
gzrgtkogpvc" {" swg" pq" pcegp" fg" nqu" guv ownqu" kpogfkcvqu" dkqn„ikequ." uqekqn„ikequ" q"
fgrqukvcfqu" gp" nc" ogoqtkc." eqoq" gn" ugpvkokgpvq" swg" pqu" gorwlc" jcekc" gn" nqitq" fg" nc"
hgnkekfcf"q"nc"okuoc"gurktkvwcnkfcf0"
Nqu"ukgvg"rknctgu"d ukequ"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu"
Ncu" goqekqpgu." cfgo u" fg" ncu" fguetkrekqpgu" swg" cecdq" fg" ug‚cnct." eworngp" owejcu" {"
xctkcu" hwpekqpgu0" Rkgpuq" swg" rqft coqu" tguwokt" vqfcu" gnncu" gp" ukgvg" crctvcfqu" *Oqtc."
422:+0"
% Rtkogtq0" Ncu" goqekqpgu" uktxgp" rctc" fghgpfgtpqu" fg" guv ownqu" pqekxqu"
*gpgokiqu+" q" crtqzkoctpqu" c" guv ownqu" rncegpvgtqu" q" tgeqorgpucpvgu" *ciwc."
eqokfc." lwgiq" q" cevkxkfcf" ugzwcn+" swg" ocpvgpicp" nc" uwrgtxkxgpekc0" Gp" guvg"
ugpvkfq." cfgo u." ncu" goqekqpgu" uqp" oqvkxcfqtcu0" Gu" fgekt." pqu" owgxgp" q"
gorwlcp"c"eqpugiwkt"q"gxkvct"nq"swg"gu"dgpghkekquq"q"fc‚kpq"rctc"gn"kpfkxkfwq"{"
nc"gurgekg0"
% Ugiwpfq0" Ncu" goqekqpgu" jcegp" swg" ncu" tgurwguvcu" fgn" qticpkuoq" *eqpfwevc+"
cpvg" ceqpvgekokgpvqu" *gpgokiqu" q" cnkogpvq+" ugcp" rqnkxcngpvgu" {" hngzkdngu0" Uqp"
tgceekqpgu" swg" c{wfcp" c" gpeqpvtct." pq" wpc" tgurwguvc" hklc" cpvg" wp" fgvgtokpcfq"
guvkownq" *eqoq" gu" wp" tghnglq+." ukpq" swg" dclq" nc" tgceek„p" igpgtcn" fg" cngtvc." gn"
kpfkxkfwq" gueqig" nc" tgurwguvc." o u" cfgewcfc" {" ¿vkn" gpvtg" wp" tgrgtvqtkq" rqukdng0"
Gnnq" ug" gzrcpfg." gpqtogogpvg." eqp" nc" crctkek„p" fg" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" *nc" rctvg"
eqpuekgpvg" {" uwdlgvkxc" fg" ncu" goqekqpgu+0" Ncu" goqekqpgu" {" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" fg"
guvc"ocpgtc."fqvcp"fg"o u"xgtucvknkfcf"c"nc"eqpfwevc0"["gnnq."qdxkcogpvg."gu"fg"
o u"wvknkfcf"rctc"nc"uwrgtxkxgpekc"fgn"kpfkxkfwq"{"fg"nc"gurgekg"
% Vgtegtq0" Ncu" goqekqpgu" uktxgp" c" ncu" hwpekqpgu" fgn" rwpvq" rtkogtq" {" ugiwpfq""
ÅcngtvcpfqÇ" cn" kpfkxkfwq" eqoq" wp" vqfq" ¿pkeq" cpvg" gn" guv ownq" gurgekhkeq0" Vcn"
tgceek„p"goqekqpcn"kpenw{g"nc"cevkxcek„p"fg"o¿nvkrngu"ukuvgoc"egtgdtcngu"*ukuvgoc"
tgvkewnct." cvgpekqpcn." ogecpkuoqu" ugpuqtkcngu." oqvqtgu." rtqeguqu" ogpvcngu+."
gpfqetkpqu" *cevkxcek„p" uwrtcttgpcn" ogfwnct" {" eqtvkecn" {" qvtcu" jqtoqpcu+."
ogvcd„nkequ" *inwequc" {" ekfqu" itcuqu+" {" gp" igpgtcn" nc" cevkxcek„p" fg" owejqu" fg"
nqu" ukuvgocu" {" crctcvqu" fgn" qticpkuoq" *ectfkqxcuewnct." tgurktcvqtkq." gve0" eqp" gn"
crctcvq"nqeqoqvqt"{"o¿uewnq"guvtkcfq"eqoq"egpvtq"fg"qrgtcekqpgu+0"
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17
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% Ewctvq0" Ncu" goqekqpgu" ocpvkgpgp" nc" ewtkqukfcf" {" eqp" gnnq" gn" kpvgtfiu" rqt" gn"
fguewdtkokgpvq"fg"nq"pwgxq"*pwgxqu"cnkogpvqu."qewnvcek„p"fg"rqukdngu"gpgokiqu"
swg" ug" cxk|qtcp" c" nq" nglqu." crtgpfk|clg" {" ogoqtkc." gve0+0" Fg" guvc" ocpgtc."
gpucpejcp"gn"octeq"fg"ugiwtkfcf"rctc"nc"uwrgtxkxgpekc"fgn"kpfkxkfwq0"
% Swkpvq0"Ncu"goqekqpgu"uktxgp"eqoq"ngpiwclg"rctc"eqowpkectug"wpqu"kpfkxkfwqu"
eqp" qvtqu" *fg" nc" okuoc" gurgekg" q" kpenwuq" fg" gurgekgu" fkhgtgpvgu+0" Gu" wpc"
eqowpkecek„p"t rkfc"{"ghgevkxc0"Gp"gn"jqodtg."gn"ngpiwclg"goqekqpcn"gu"vcodkfip"
wp" ngpiwclg" d ukeq" vcpvq" gpvtg" nqu" okgodtqu" fg" wpc" okuoc" hcoknkc" *rcftgu" g"
jklqu+" eqoq" gpvtg" nqu" okgodtqu" fg" wpc" uqekgfcf" fgvgtokpcfc0" Gnnq." cfgo u."
etgc"nc|qu"goqekqpcngu"*hcoknkc."cokuvcf+"swg"rwgfgp"vgpgt"enctcu"eqpugewgpekcu"
fgn"fizkvq"vcpvq"fg"uwrgtxkxgpekc"dkqn„ikec"eqoq"uqekcn0"
% Ugzvq0"Ncu"goqekqpgu"uktxgp"rctc"cnocegpct"{"gxqect"ogoqtkcu"fg"wpc"ocpgtc"
o u" ghgevkxc0" C" pcfkg" ug" ng" guecrc" swg" vqfq" ceqpvgekokgpvq" cuqekcfq" c" wp"
grkuqfkq"goqekqpcn."vcpvq"uk"guvg"vwxq"wp"ocvk|"rncegpvgtq"q"fg"ecuvkiq"*fgdkfq"c"
uw"fwtcek„p"eqoq"c"uw"ukipkhkecfq+."rgtokvg"wp"oc{qt"{"oglqt"cnocegpcokgpvq"{"
gxqecek„p"fg"nq"uwegfkfq0"Gnnq."fg"pwgxq."vkgpg"enctcu"eqpugewgpekcu"rctc"gn"fizkvq"
dkqn„ikeq"{"uqekcn"fgn"kpfkxkfwq0"
% Ufirvkoq0" Ncu" goqekqpgu" {" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" uqp" wpqu" ogecpkuoqu" swg" lwgicp"
wp"rcrgn"korqtvcpvg"gp"gn"rtqeguq"fg"tc|qpcokgpvq0"Nqu"cduvtcevqu"etgcfqu"rqt"
gn" egtgdtq." nqu" rtqeguqu" eqipkvkxqu" gp" igpgtcn." ug" etgcp" gp" ncu" tgcu" fg"
cuqekcek„p" fg" nc" eqtvg|c" egtgdtcn" eqp" kphqtocek„p" swg" {c" xkgpg" kortgipcfc" fg"
eqnqtkfq" goqekqpcn." fg" dwgpq" q" fg" ocnq0" Ug" rkgpuc" {c" eqp" ukipkhkecfqu"
goqekqpcngu0" [" fg" cj " swg." uqdtg" guc" dcug." nc" goqek„p" lwgiwg" wp" rcrgn"
hwpfcogpvcn"gp"nc"vqoc"fg"fgekukqpgu"eqpuekgpvgu"rqt"nc"rgtuqpc0"Vqfq"guvq"pqu"
nngxc"c"swg"ncu"goqekqpgu"uqp"eqoq"nqu"rknctgu"d ukequ"uqdtg"nqu"swg"fguecpucp"
ecuk"vqfcu"ncu"hwpekqpgu"fgn"egtgdtq0"
Pgwtqgfwecek„p"
Kphgtkfq"fg"vqfq"ewcpvq"nngxcoqu"fkejq."wp"rknct"d ukeq"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu"gu"nc"ewtkqukfcf0"
Nc" goqek„p" {" nc" ewtkqukfcf" uqp" fqu" ogecpkuoqu" kpfkuqnwdngogpvg" wpkfqu0" Fg" jgejq." nc"
ewtkqukfcf"gu"wpq"fg"nqu"kpitgfkgpvgu"d ukequ"fg"nc"goqek„p0"Gu"gn"ogecpkuoq"rtkpekrcn"swg"
nc" gpekgpfg0" Gn" ukuvgoc" n odkeq." ugfg" fg" ncu" goqekqpgu." ukgortg" guv " gp" iwctfkc" {" h ekn"
rctc" ugt" cevkxcfq" rqt" guv ownqu" pwgxqu." fkhgtgpvgu." swg" ucnicp" fg" nc" rgpwodtc" fg" nq"
eqvkfkcpq0"Nc"ewtkqukfcf"gu"wp"ogecpkuoq"kppcvq"swg"nngxc"c"nc"gzrnqtcek„p."c"jwuogct"gp"
vqfq"nq"fgueqpqekfq."c"Åvgpgt"nqu"qlqu"ukgortg"dkgp"cdkgtvquÇ"c"vqfq"ewcpvq"qewttg0"Eqp"nc"
"
18
"
ewtkqukfcf."gn"cpkocn"q"gn"okuoq"ugt"jwocpq."cfgncpvcp"uweguqu"rqukdngu."eqpqegp"nq"swg"
rwgfg"uwegfgt"cpvgu"fg"swg"guvq"uwegfc0"["gu"eqp"guvc"ewtkqukfcf"swg"pceg"gn"hqeq"fg"nc"
cvgpek„p"swg"gu"eqoq"nc"xgpvcpc"swg."cn"cdtktug."rgtokvg"nc"etgcek„p"fgn"eqpqekokgpvq0"
[" fg" vqfq" guvq." fg" tc |" kpxkqncdngogpvg" dkqn„ikec." lwpvq" c." gp" igpgtcn." vqfq" cswgnnq" swg"
ucdgoqu" fg" e„oq" hwpekqpc" gn" egtgdtq." ug" guv " ucecpfq" rtqxgejq" cn" crnkectnq" c" e„oq"
gpug‚ct"oglqt"c"nqu"ocguvtqu."rwgu" gu"enctq"swg"rctc"swg"wp"cnwopq"rtguvg"cvgpek„p"gp"
encug" {c" ucdgoqu" swg" pq" xcng" gzkiktng." ukp" o u." swg" rtguvg" cvgpek„p0" Guq" uktxg" fg" dkgp"
rqeq." uqdtg" vqfq" uk" gn" rtqhguqt" gu" cdwttkfq" {" cwp" eqp" wp" rtqhguqt" cevkxq" {" wp" vgoc" swg"
rwfkgtc"ugt"kpvgtgucpvg0"Nc"cvgpek„p"jc{"swg"gxqectnc"rqt"ogecpkuoqu"swg"nc"pgwtqekgpekc"
eqipkvkxc" cevwcn" eqokgp|c" c" fgugpvtc‚ct" {" enctcogpvg" wpq" fg" gnnqu." ukpq" gn" rtkpekrcn." gu"
gxqect"nc"ewtkqukfcf"gp"gn"cnwopq"rqt"cswgnnq"swg"ug"ng"gzrnkec0""
Gnnq"jc"nngxcfq"c"kpvgpvct"etgct"ofivqfqu"{"tgewtuqu"ecrcegu"fg"gxqect"nc"ewtkqukfcf"gp"nqu"
cnwopqu0"Ofivqfqu"cfcrvcfqu"c"nqu"ogecpkuoqu"gurge hkequ"fg"ecfc"gfcf"gp"nqu"pk‚qu"{"ncu"
ocvgtkcu" swg" ug" gpug‚cp0" Ofivqfqu" cuqekcfqu" c" nc" tgeqorgpuc" {" pq" cn" ecuvkiq0" [" guvq"
¿nvkoq"gorkg|c"c"eqpqegtug"eqoq"Åpgwtqgfwecek„pÇ0"Nc"cvgpek„p"ukiwg"c"nc"ewtkqukfcf"ukp"
pgegukfcf" fg" rgf tugnq" cn" cnwopq0" [" gu" fgurwfiu." swg" ug" ukiwg" eqp" gn" rtqeguq" cevkxq."
ghkekgpvg."fg"crtgpfk|clg"{"ogoqtkc0"
Lwgiq"{"rncegt"
"
Nqu" ogecpkuoqu" egtgdtcngu" fg" nc" ewtkqukfcf" ug" rqpgp" {c" gp"
"
hwpekqpcokgpvq"c"nqu"rqequ"ogugu"fg"pcegt"gn"pk‚q0"Gn"lwgiq"gp"gn"
"
pk‚q" ug" rtqfweg" wvknk|cpfq" guqu" ogecpkuoqu" fg" nc" ewtkqukfcf" swg"
"
guv p" eqplwpvcfqu" eqp" nc" goqek„p." nc" tgeqorgpuc" {" gn" rncegt0" Gn"
lwgiq" gu" gn" ogecpkuoq" kpxgpvcfq" rqt" nc" pcvwtcng|c" c" vtcxfiu" fgn"
ewcn" gn" pk‚q" cfswkgtg" jcdknkfcfgu" {" ecrcekfcfgu" fg" wp" oqfq"
ghkekgpvg"{"nq"jceg"o u"crvq"gp"gn"owpfq0"Gu"gn"rtqeguq"rqt"gn"swg"
gn" pk‚q" tgcnk|c" ecuk" vqfqu" nqu" crtgpfk|clgu" rqukvkxqu" rqukdngu0" Uqnq"
jc{"swg" qdugtxct"nc"eqpfwevc"fg"wp"pk‚q"fg"fqu"q"vtgu" c‚qu"cpvg"
wp" lwiwgvg<" nq" swg" guv " jcekgpfq" gp" uw" lwgiq" gu" qdgfgegt" c"
ogecpkuoqu"fg"uw"egtgdtq"swg"ng"nngxcp"c"gzrgtkogpvct"{."eqp"gnnq."
c" crtgpfgt" fgn" owpfq." c" vqoct" ogfkfc" ÅoqvqtcÇ" fg" nc" fkuvcpekc"
fg" nqu" qdlgvqu" swg" guv p" c" uw" cntgfgfqt" eqp" tgurgevq" c" uw" rtqrkq"
"
ewgtrq" {" eqpuvtwkt" cu " rtqitcocu" oqvqtgu" swg" wvknk|ct " o u" "
cfgncpvg" rctc" tgcnk|ct" eqp" ugiwtkfcf" {" rtgekuk„p" wpc" fgvgtokpcfc"
eqpfwevc0""
"
19
"
[" cn" kiwcn" eqp" ncu" jcdknkfcfgu" ugpuqtkcngu" fkuetkokpcvkxcu." ugcp" c" vtcxfiu" fg" nc" xkuk„p" q" gn"
vcevq="gn"pk‚q"lwgic"rqtswg"ng"rtqfweg"rncegt"cwp"ukp"gn"ÅucdgtÇ"fg"swg"gu"gn"ogecpkuoq"
fkug‚cfq" rqt" nc" pcvwtcng|c" rctc" gorwlctng" c" crtgpfgt0" Vqfq" pk‚q" gzrgtkogpvc" wpc"
pgegukfcf" *pgegukfcf" fg" crtgpfgt+" swg" ng" gorwlc" cn" lwgiq" {" uqnq" ucekc" eqp" gn" lwgiq."
rwguvq"swg"guvg"gu"rncegpvgtq0"Gn"rncegt"gu"gn"ogecpkuoq"rqt"gn"swg"c"vtcxfiu"fgn"lwgiq"ug"
fkuhtc|c"gn"crtgpfk|clg"swg"gu"nq"swg"ng"nngxc"c"eqpugiwkt"nqu"qdlgvkxqu"swg"nc"pcvwtcng|c"ng"
fgocpfc."nq"okuoq"swg"ewcpfq"ukgpvg"jcodtg"ng"gorwlc"c"eqogt0"Cn"pk‚q"ng"gorwlcp"nqu"
e„fkiqu" fg" hwpekqpcokgpvq" egtgdtcn" swg" {c" vtcg" eqpukiq" cn" pcekokgpvq" *eqoq" gn" okuoq"
ngpiwclg+"{"swg"gp"dctdgejq"xkgpgp"itcdcfqu"oqngewnctogpvg"gp"nqu"igpgu."rtqfwevq"fgn"
rtqeguq"gxqnwvkxq0"Gn"lwgiq."rwgu."gu"gn"ogecpkuoq"ogfkcpvg"gn"ewcn"gn"pk‚q."crtgpfkgpfq."
ecodkc"uw"rtqrkq"egtgdtq"{"eqp"gnnq"gphknc"uw"ecokpq"jcekc"nc"lwxgpvwf0""
Crci„p"Goqekqpcn"
Vqfqu"ucdgoqu"swg"xkxkoqu"gp"wpc"uqekgfcf"guvtgucfc0"["guc"fkp okec"fg"rtguk„p"igpgtc"
wp" guvcfq" fg" ceekqpgu" {" tgceekqpgu" rgtuqpcngu" fg" vgpuk„p" eqpuvcpvg0" Ewcpfq" guvqu"
rtqeguqu" ug" rqpgp" gp" octejc" fg" wp" oqfq" ngpvq." eqpuvcpvg" g" kpukfkquq." cn" kpfkxkfwq" ng"
qrtkog" wpc" ugpucek„p" fg" ciqdkq" ogpvcn" kpeqpuekgpvg" tgrgvkfq" c" nq" nctiq" fg" nqu" f cu." nqu"
ogugu"q"nqu"c‚qu0"Nq"ekgtvq"gu"swg"wpc"xg|"gpvtqpk|cfq"guvg"guvknq"fg"xkfc"ug"kpuvtwogpvc"
wpc" tgurwguvc" qti pkec" rcvqn„ikec" rgtocpgpvg0" [" guvq." rtqfwekfq" rqt" wpc" okt cfc" fg"
hcevqtgu."ug"xkxg"gp"nc"hcoknkc."nq"swg"pgeguctkcogpvg"tgrgtewvg"gp"gn"pk‚q0""
«"El juego, pues, es el mecanismo mediante el cual el

niño, aprendiendo, cambia su propio cerebro y con ello
enfila su camino hacia la juventud.»
Gn" pk‚q" gp" uw" fgucttqnnq" *fgucttqnnq" egtgdtcn+." gu" eqoq" wpc" gurgekg" fg" gurqplc" ecrc|" fg"
cduqtdgt"vqfq"guv ownq"g"kphqtocek„p"fg"uw"gpvqtpq"{"vtcpuhqtoctnq"gp"h ukec"{"sw okec."gp"
tgctdqtk|cek„p" {" etgcek„p" fg" pwgxcu" tcocu" fg" ncu" pgwtqpcu" *fgpftkvcu+" {" nc" etgcek„p" {"
pwgxc"eqphkiwtcek„p"fg"ncu"ukpcruku"*guqu"rwpvqu"fg"eqowpkecek„p"fg"ncu"pgwtqpcu"rqt"ncu"
swg"ug"vtcuokvgp"nc"kphqtocek„p"wpcu"eqp"qvtcu+0"Gug"gpvqtpq"hcoknkct."rtkpekrcnogpvg"{"gp"
gn" eqpvgzvq" swg" csw " guvcoqu" vtcvcpfq." tghkgtg" c" nc" goqek„p0" Gu" eqoq" tguwnvcfq" fg" gug"
gpvqtpq" swg" gp" gn" egtgdtq" fgn" pk‚q" ug" rwgfg" ÅgpegpfgtÇ" rgtq" vcodkfip" ÅcrcictÇ" nc"
goqek„p"{"vqfqu"nqu"ogecpkuoqu"swg"jgoqu"xgpkfq"tghktkgpfq"csw "eqoq"uqp"nc"ewtkqukfcf"
{"nqu"rtqeguqu"cvgpekqpcngu0""
Eqp"guvg"Åcrci„p"goqekqpcnÇ"crctgegp"nqu"rtqdngocu."owejqu"itcxgu."gp"nc"eqpfwevc"fg"
nqu" pk‚qu." {" swg" ug" gzrtgucp" oc{qtogpvg" gp" gn" eqngikq" {" c" nc" jqtc" fg" crtgpfgt" {"
"
20
"
ogoqtk|ct0"Fg"gug"gpvqtpq"hcoknkct"rwgfg"pcegt"wp"pk‚q"eqp"guvtfiu"swg"pq"ug"gzrtgug"gp"
pkpiwpc" cpqtocnkfcf" eqipkvkxc" gurgekcn" q" jkrgtcevkxkfcf" q" u pvqocu" fgrtgukxqu" en ukequ"
ukpq"ukorngogpvg"gp"guc"cvgpek„p"fkhwokpcfc."fkurgtuc"{"fg"hcnvc"fg"kpvgtfiu"rqt"crtgpfgt0"
Gn" guvtfiu" gu" ekgtvcogpvg" wpc" cevkxkfcf" egtgdtcn" {" eqpfwevwcn" hkukqn„ikec" {" eqpuwuvcpekcn" c"
pwguvtqu"guvknqu"fg"xkfc"fwtcpvg"oknnqpgu"fg"c‚qu0"Rgtq"nqu"guvknqu"fg"xkfc"jcp"ecodkcfq"gp"
nqu"jwocpqu"oqfgtpqu"{"gnnq"jc"fcfq"nwict"c"nc"rcvqnqi c"fgn"guvtfiu"{"eqp"gnnq."c"nc"hcnvc"fg"
wp"uwg‚q"rtqhwpfq."uwhkekgpvg"{"tgrctcfqt."ogecpkuoqu"egtgdtcngu"gugpekcngu"rctc"rtqfwekt"
{"cnecp|ct"nc"eqpuqnkfcek„p"fg"vqfq"nq"crtgpfkfq"fwtcpvg"gn"f c."{"c"qvtqu"u pvqocu"eqoq"nc"
kttkvcek„p"{"nc"hcnvc"fg"ewtkqukfcf"{"nc"fgucvgpek„p"swg"{c"jgoqu"ogpekqpcfq0"Ewcpfq"guvg"
rtqeguq"ug"rqpg"gp"octejc"tgrgtewvg"gp"gn"egtgdtq"{"eqortqogvg"uw"hwpek„p"pqtocn0""
Jq{" eqpqegoqu" wp" vtcvcokgpvq" ghgevkxq" {" rqeq" equvquq" swg" oglqtc" nqu" u pvqocu"
rtqfwekfqu"rqt"guvg"vkrq"fg"guvtfiu0"Og"tghkgtq"c"nc"rt evkec"fgn"glgtekekq"h ukeq"cgt„dkeq0"Nqu"
ghgevqu" fgn" glgtekekq" h ukeq" cgt„dkeq" hwpekqpcp" c" ewcnswkgt" gfcf." fgufg" gn" pk‚q" {" gn"
cfqnguegpvg"cn"cfwnvq"{"nc"xglg|0" Guvg"vkrq"fg" glgtekekq"rtcevkecfq"tgiwnctogpvg" tgdclc"ncu"
tgurwguvcu" guvtgucpvgu" {" oqfwnc" {" ecodkc" nc" eqphkiwtcek„p" fgn" egtgdtq" gp" cswgnncu" tgcu"
swg" vkgpgp" swg" xgt" eqp" gn" crtgpfk|clg" {" nc" ogoqtkc0" Fg" guvq" ug" jcp" fcfq" ewgpvc" nqu"
gurgekcnkuvcu0" [" htgpvg" c" nc" kfgc." fg" jceg" wpqu" c‚qu." rctvkewnctogpvg" gp" Guvcfqu" Wpkfqu."
swg" jcd c" swg" tgdclct" gn" p¿ogtq" fg" jqtcu" ugocpcngu" fgfkecfcu" c" nc" Åikopcukc" {" nqu"
fgrqtvguÇ"{"wvknk|ctncu"gp"uw"nwict"cn"fwtq"crtgpfk|clg"cduvtcevq."cjqtc."fg"pwgxq."c"nc"nw|"
fg"nqu"dgpghkekqu"swg"uqdtg"gn"egtgdtq"rtqfweg"gug"glgtekekq"h ukeq"cgt„dkeq."ug"jc"xwgnvq"c"
nc"kfgc"fg"rqvgpekct"fiuvg"{"fgfkectng"vkgorq"uwhkekgpvg0""
«Los estilos de vida han cambiado en los humanos modernos y ello

ha dado lugar a la patología del estrés.»
Guvwfkqu" tgekgpvgu" nq" jcp" xgpkfq" rqpkgpfq" fg" tgngxcpekc0" Wp" guvwfkq" gp" rctvkewnct" tguwnvc"
ow{" kpvgtgucpvg0" Hwg" wp" guvwfkq" tgcnk|cfq" gp" wpc" rqdncek„p" fg" wp" oknn„p" fg" uwgequ0" Gp"
guvqu" ug" eqortqd„" swg" gp" gn" tcpiq" fg" gfcfgu" gpvtg" nqu" 37" {" nqu" 3:" c‚qu." cswgnnqu" swg"
rtcevkectqp" glgtekekq" h ukeq" eqpvkpwcfq" {" cnecp|ctqp" cnvcu" rwpvwcekqpgu" gp" guvc" ocvgtkc."
vcodkfip"hwgtqp"nqu"swg" cnecp|ctqp"wpc" o u"cnvc"rwpvwcek„p" gp"nqu"vguv"swg"eqpukfgtctqp"
gngogpvqu"eqoq"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"inqdcn"{"xgtdcn."{"gp"igpgtcn."gp"nc"eqortgpuk„p"xgtdcn"{"gp"
gn"rgpucokgpvq"n„ikeq0""
Nq"kpvgtgucpvg"fg" guvg" guvwfkq"hwg."cfgo u."swg"ewcpfq"owejqu"fg"guvqu"l„xgpgu"hwgtqp"

gxcnwcfqu"ekpewgpvc"c‚qu"o u"vctfg"*kpfgrgpfkgpvgogpvg"fg"swg"gp"gn"kpvgtxcnq"fg"guvqu"
c‚qu" jwdkgtcp" ugiwkfq" q" pq" jcekgpfq" glgtekekq+." cswgnnqu" swg" jcd cp" rtcevkecfq" glgtekekq"
h ukeq" gp" uw" lwxgpvwf" hwgtqp" nqu" swg" fgoquvtctqp" vgpgt" oglqtgu" jcdknkfcfgu" ogpvcngu"
"
21
"
fwtcpvg" gn" gpxglgekokgpvq0" Guvq" vkgpg" swg" xgt" eqp" nq" swg" jc" xgpkfq" c" eqpqegtug" eqoq"
Åtgugtxc"eqipkvkxcÇ0""
Jcuvc"jceg"dkgp"rqeq"vkgorq"ug"rgpucdc"swg"nqu"ghgevqu"uqdtg"gn"egtgdtq"fg"nc"rt evkec"fgn"
glgtekekq" h ukeq" cgt„dkeq" pq" gtcp" cewowncvkxqu0" Gu" fgekt." ug" rgpucdc" swg" gn" glgtekekq" h ukeq"
tgcnk|cfq" c" gfcfgu" vgortcpcu" pq" kphnw c" rctc" pcfc" *uk" nwgiq" fgurwfiu" pq" ug" ugiw c"
rtcevkecpfq+"gp"gn"gpxglgekokgpvq"vctf q"*84/:7"c‚qu+0"Guvg"rwgu"pq"rctgeg"ugt"gn"ecuq."cn"
ogpqu"kphgtkfq"fg"nqu"tguwnvcfqu"fg"guvg"guvwfkq"swg"cecdq"fg"tghgtkt0"
Cniwpcu"encxgu"q"eqpenwukqpgu"
30 Nc"goqek„p"gu"cswgnnq"swg"pqu"owgxg" {"gorwlc"Åc"xkxktÇ."c"swgtgt"guvct"xkxqu"
gp"kpvgtceek„p"eqpuvcpvg"eqp"gn"owpfq"{"pquqvtqu"okuoqu0"
40 Gn" egtgdtq" goqekqpcn" *ukuvgoc" n odkeq+" gu" gn" swg" iw c." fc" nw|" g" knwokpc" c"
ewcnswkgt"gfcf."vqfqu"nqu"rncpgu"{"fgekukqpgu"swg"vqocoqu"gp"pwguvtc"xkfc0"
50 Ncu"goqekqpgu"uqp"wp"ngpiwclg"gp"u "okuocu."c"vtcxfiu"fgn"ewcn"ug"rwgfg"hceknkvct"
q"gpvqtrgegt"nc"vtcpuokuk„p"fg"eqpqekokgpvqu0"
60 Nc" ogoqtkc" fg" ewcnswkgt" uweguq" ug" xg" hceknkvcfc" ewcpfq" guvg" qewttg" gp" wp"
eqpvgzvq"q"eqorqpgpvg"goqekqpcn"dkgp"ugc"fg"rncegt"q"fg"fqnqt0"
70 Ncu"goqekqpgu"uqp"nc"dcug"hwpfcogpvcn"fgn"rtqrkq"rtqeguq"fg"tc|qpcokgpvq"{"nc"
vqoc"fg"fgekukqpgu0"
80 Ncu" goqekqpgu" uqp" nc" dcug" fg" nqu" rtqeguqu" swg" ug" eqpqegp" eqoq" ewtkqukfcf" {"
cvgpek„p0"
90 Nc" pgwtqgfwecek„p" tghkgtg" c" vqoct" xgpvclc" fg" nqu" eqpqekokgpvqu" uqdtg" e„oq"
hwpekqpc"gn"egtgdtq"rctc"gpug‚ct"c"crtgpfgt"oglqt0"
:0 Nc" ewtkqukfcf" gu" gn" ogecpkuoq" goqekqpcn" swg" cdtg" ncu" xgpvcpcu" fg" nc" cvgpek„p"
rqt" ncu" swg" gpvtc" nc" kphqtocek„p" ecrc|" fg" rtqfwekt" crtgpfk|clg." ogoqtkc" {"
eqpqekokgpvq0"
;0 Gp" gn" pk‚q." gn" lwgiq" gu" gn" ogecpkuoq" kpxgpvcfq" rqt" nc" pcvwtcng|c" c" vtcxfiu" fgn"
ewcn"guvg"cfswkgtg"jcdknkfcfgu"{"ecrcekfcfgu"fg"wp"oqfq"ghkekgpvg"{"jcegtng"o u"
crvq"gp"gn"owpfq0"
"
22
"
320 Gn" rncegt." c" vtcxfiu" fgn" lwgiq." gu" gn" ogecpkuoq" fkug‚cfq" rqt" nc" pcvwtcng|c" rctc"
gorwlct"cn"pk‚q"c"crtgpfgt0"
330 Crci„p" goqekqpcn" ukipkhkec" rgtfgt" q" fkuokpwkt" nc" gpgti c" ecrc|" fg" ugpvkt"
ewtkqukfcf"rqt"nq"swg"ug"gpug‚c"{"eqp"gnnq"egttct"gn"hqeq"fg"cvgpek„p"{"ugt"rqeq"
ghkekgpvg"gp"nqu"rtqeguqu"fg"crtgpfk|clg0"
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Jknnocp."E0J0."Gtkemuqp."M0K0."Mtcogt."C0H0"*422:+0"Dg"uoctv."gzgtekug"{qwt"jgctv<"gzgtekug"ghhgevu"qp"
dtckp"cpf"eqipkvkqp0"Pcvwtg"Tgxkgyu"Pgwtquekgpeg.";."7:/870"
Oqtc." H0." Rgpc." C0" *3;;:+0" Fgucttqnnq" egtgdtcn" {" cfqnguegpekc0" Gp" L0O0" Ugiqxkc" {" H0" Oqtc" *Gfu0+<"
Ukeqrcvqnqi c"fg"nc"cfqnguegpekc0"Ocftkf<"Hctockpfwuvtkc0""
Oqtc."H0."Ucpiwkpgvvk."C0O0"*4226+0"Fkeekqpctkq"fg"Pgwtqekgpekc0"Ocftkf<"Cnkcp|c"Gfkvqtkcn0"
Oqtc."H0"*422:+"Gn"Tgnql"fg"nc"ucdkfwt c0"Vkgorqu"{"Gurcekqu"gp"gn"egtgdtq"jwocpq0"Ocftkf<"Cnkcp|c"
Gfkvqtkcn0""
Oqtc."H0"*422;+"E„oq"hwpekqpc"gn"egtgdtq0"Ocftkf<"Cnkcp|c"Gfkvqtkcn0"
Xcp" Rtcci." J0" *422;+" Gzgtekug" cpf" vjg" dtckp<" uqogvjkpi" vq" ejgy" qp0" Vtgpfu" kp" Pgwtquekgpegu." 54."
4:5/4;20"
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23
DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL A LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
"
40"Fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"c"nc"gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn"
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{" Oc{gt" *3;;2+" eqp" gn" v vwnq" Goqvkqpcn" Kpvgnnkigpeg0" Guvg" ctv ewnq" rcu„" rt evkecogpvg"
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fkxwni„"Fcpkgn"Iqngocp"*3;;7+0"
Eqp" cpvgtkqtkfcf." gp" 3;;6" ug" hwpf„" gn" Eqnncdqtcvkxg" hqt" Cecfgoke." Uqekcn" cpf" Goqvkqpcn"
Ngctpkpi" *ECUGN+" eqp" qdlgvq" fg" rqvgpekct" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" {" uqekcn" gp" vqfq" gn"
owpfq0" ECUGN" gu" wpc" kpuvkvwek„p" swg" ug" rtqrqpg" nc" fkhwuk„p" fg" uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqpcn"
ngctpkpi"*UGN+."swg"ug"rwgfg"vtcfwekt"rqt"crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcn"*CUG+0"Fkejq"gp"
qvtcu" rcncdtcu." cpvgu" fg" nc" rwdnkecek„p" fgn" nkdtq" fg" Iqngocp" *3;;7+" {c" jcd c" wpc"
kpuvkvwek„p"fgfkecfc"c"uw"fkhwuk„p"gp"nc"gfwecek„p0"
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rtqfweg" wpc" itcp" fkhwuk„p" fg" guvg" eqpegrvq0" Gn" nkdtq" gu" wp" dguv" ugnngt" owpfkcn" swg" jc"
vgpkfq"itcp"vtcuegpfgpekc"uqekcn."jcuvc"vcn"rwpvq"fg"genkruct"c"nqu"etgcfqtgu"fgn"eqpegrvq0"
Ugi¿p" Ucnqxg{" {" Oc{gt" *3;;2+" {" nc" tgxkuk„p" rquvgtkqt" fg" Oc{gt" {" Ucnqxg{" *3;;9+." nc"
kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"eqpukuvg"gp"nc"jcdknkfcf"rctc"ocpglct"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu"{"goqekqpgu."
fkuetkokpct"gpvtg"gnnqu"{"wvknk|ct"guvqu"eqpqekokgpvqu"rctc"fktkikt"nqu"rtqrkqu"rgpucokgpvqu"{"
ceekqpgu0"Uw"oqfgnq"ug"guvtwevwtc"gp"ewcvtq"dnqswgu<"
30 Rgtegrek„p"goqekqpcn0"Ncu"goqekqpgu"uqp"rgtekdkfcu."kfgpvkhkecfcu."xcnqtcfcu"{"
gzrtgucfcu0"Ug"tghkgtg"c"ncu"goqekqpgu"gp"wpq"okuoq"{"gp"nqu"fgo u."gzrtgucfcu"
c" vtcxfiu" fgn" ngpiwclg." nc" eqpfwevc." qdtcu" fg" ctvg." o¿ukec." gve0" Kpenw{g" nc"
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fkuetkokpct"gpvtg"gzrtgukqpgu"rtgekucu"g"kortgekucu."jqpguvcu"q"fgujqpguvcu0"
40 Hceknkvcek„p" goqekqpcn" fgn" rgpucokgpvq0" Ncu" goqekqpgu" ugpvkfcu" ug" jcegp"

eqpuekgpvgu" {" fktkigp" nc" cvgpek„p" jcekc" nc" kphqtocek„p" korqtvcpvg0" Gn" guvcfq" fg"
jwoqt" ecodkc" nc" rgturgevkxc" fgn" kpfkxkfwq." fgufg" gn" qrvkokuoq" cn" rgukokuoq."
hcxqtgekgpfq" nc" eqpukfgtcek„p" fg" o¿nvkrngu" rwpvqu" fg" xkuvc0" Nqu" guvcfqu"
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24
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goqekqpcngu" hceknkvcp" gn" chtqpvcokgpvq0" Rqt" glgornq." gn" dkgpguvct" hceknkvc" nc"
etgcvkxkfcf0"
50 Eqortgpuk„p" goqekqpcn0" Eqpukuvg" gp" eqortgpfgt" {" cpcnk|ct" ncu" goqekqpgu0"

Kpenw{g" nc" ecrcekfcf" rctc" fct" pqodtg" c" ncu" goqekqpgu." tgeqpqegt" ncu" tgncekqpgu"
gpvtg" guvcu" {" ncu" rcncdtcu0" Rqt" glgornq." nc" vtkuvg|c" ug" fgdg" c" wpc" rfitfkfc0"
Vcodkfip"kpenw{g"nc"jcdknkfcf"rctc"tgeqpqegt"ncu"vtcpukekqpgu"gpvtg"goqekqpgu="rqt"
glgornq"e„oq"ug"rcuc"fg"nc"htwuvtcek„p"c"nc"ktc."q"fgn"coqt"cn"qfkq0"
60 Tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcn0" Eqpvtqn" fg" ncu" goqekqpgu" swg" kpenw{g" nc" jcdknkfcf" rctc"
fkuvcpekctug" fg" wpc" goqek„p." nc" jcdknkfcf" rctc" tgiwnct" ncu" goqekqpgu" gp" wpq"
okuoq"{"gp"qvtqu."nc"ecrcekfcf"rctc"okvkict"ncu"goqekqpgu"pgicvkxcu"{"rqvgpekct"
ncu"rqukvkxcu."ukp"tgrtkokt"q"gzcigtct"nc"kphqtocek„p"swg"vtcpuokvgp."gve0"
Rctc"Iqngocp"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"eqpukuvg"gp<""
̇ Eqpqegt"ncu"rtqrkcu"goqekqpgu0"
̇ "Ocpglct"ncu"goqekqpgu0"
̇ "Oqvkxctug"c"u "okuoq0"
̇ "Tgeqpqegt"ncu"goqekqpgu"fg"nqu"fgo u0"
̇ Guvcdngegt"tgncekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"eqp"qvtcu"rgtuqpcu0"
Uk" pqu" hklcoqu" gpvtg" guvqu" fqu" oqfgnqu" fg" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" pq" eqkpekfgp0" Rgtq"
cfgo u"uwtigp"qvtqu"oqfgnqu."eqoq"gn"fg"Tgwxgp"Dct/Qp."gn"fg"Rgvtkfgu"{"Hwtpjco."gve0"
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guvg"fgdcvg."jc{"wp"cewgtfq" igpgtcn"gp"swg" gzkuvgp"wpcu"eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu"swg"
fgdgt cp" crtgpfgt" vqfcu" ncu" rgtuqpcu0" Nc" guvtcvgikc" rctc" fgucttqnnct" ncu" eqorgvgpekcu"
goqekqpcngu"ug"fgpqokpc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"
Eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"
Gzkuvgp" fkxgtuqu" oqfgnqu" fg" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu0" C" eqpvkpwcek„p" ug" rtgugpvcp"
cniwpcu" fg" ncu" eqorgvgpekcu" o u" tgrtgugpvcvkxcu." ukiwkgpfq" gn" oqfgnq" fgn" Itwr" fg"
Tgegtec"gp"Qtkgpvcek„"Rukeqrgfci ikec"*ITQR+"fg"nc"Wpkxgtukvcv"fg"Dctegnqpc0"Guvg"oqfgnq"
ug"jc"gzrgtkogpvcfq"eqp"fizkvq"gp"nc"gfwecek„p"*Dkuswgttc."422;+"{"gpinqdc"eqorgvgpekcu"
eqoq"ncu"ukiwkgpvgu0"
"
25
"
Nc"Åeqpekgpekc"goqekqpcnÇ"eqpukuvg"gp"eqpqegt"ncu"rtqrkcu"goqekqpgu"{"ncu"goqekqpgu"fg"
nqu" fgo u0" Guvq" ug" eqpukiwg" c" vtcxfiu" fg" nc" qdugtxcek„p" fgn" rtqrkq" eqorqtvcokgpvq" cu "
eqoq"fgn"fg"ncu"rgtuqpcu"swg"pqu"tqfgcp0"Gnnq"uwrqpg"ucdgt"fkuvkpiwkt"gpvtg"rgpucokgpvqu."
ceekqpgu"{"goqekqpgu="eqortgpfgt"ncu"ecwucu"{"eqpugewgpekcu"fg"ncu"¿nvkocu="gxcnwct"uw"
kpvgpukfcf=" {" tgeqpqegt" {" wvknk|ct" uw" ngpiwclg." vcpvq" gp" eqowpkecek„p" xgtdcn" eqoq" pq"
xgtdcn0"
Nc" Åtgiwncek„p" fg" ncu" goqekqpguÇ" ukipkhkec" fct" wpc" tgurwguvc" crtqrkcfc" c" ncu" goqekqpgu"
swg" gzrgtkogpvcoqu0" Pq" jc{" swg" eqphwpfkt" nc" tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcn" eqp" nc" tgrtguk„p0" Nc"
tgiwncek„p" eqpukuvg" gp" wp" fkh ekn" gswknkdtkq" gpvtg" nc" tgrtguk„p" {" gn" fgueqpvtqn0" Uqp"
eqorqpgpvgu"korqtvcpvgu"fg"nc"jcdknkfcf"fg"cwvqttgiwncek„p"nc"vqngtcpekc"c"nc"htwuvtcek„p."
gn" ocpglq" fg" nc" ktc." nc" ecrcekfcf" rctc" tgvtcuct" itcvkhkecekqpgu." ncu" jcdknkfcfgu" fg"
chtqpvcokgpvq"gp"ukvwcekqpgu"fg"tkguiq"*kpfweek„p"cn"eqpuwoq"fg"ftqicu."xkqngpekc."gve0+."gn"
fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"gorcv c."gve0"
«La conciencia emocional consiste en conocer las propias

emociones y las emociones de los demás.»
Cniwpcu"vfiepkecu"eqpetgvcu"uqp<"fk nqiq"kpvgtpq."eqpvtqn"fgn"guvtfiu"*tgnclcek„p."ogfkvcek„p."
tgurktcek„p+." cwvqchktocekqpgu" rqukvkxcu=" cugtvkxkfcf=" tgguvtwevwtcek„p" eqipkvkxc."
kocikpcek„p" goqvkxc." cvtkdwek„p" ecwucn." gve0" Gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc" tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcn"
tgswkgtg" fg" wpc" rt evkec" eqpvkpwcfc0" Gu" tgeqogpfcdng" gorg|ct" rqt" nc" tgiwncek„p" fg"
goqekqpgu" eqoq" ktc." okgfq." vtkuvg|c." xgti¯gp|c." vkokfg|." ewnrcdknkfcf." gpxkfkc." cngit c."
coqt."gve0""
Nc" Åcwvqpqo c" goqekqpcnÇ" gu" nc" ecrcekfcf" fg" pq" xgtug" ugtkcogpvg" chgevcfq" rqt" nqu"
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wpc" ucpc" cwvqguvkoc." cwvqeqphkcp|c." rgtegrek„p" fg" cwvqghkecekc." cwvqoqvkxcek„p" {"
tgurqpucdknkfcf0"Nc"cwvqpqo c"goqekqpcn"gu"wp"gswknkdtkq"gpvtg"nc"fgrgpfgpekc"goqekqpcn"{"
nc"fguxkpewncek„p0"
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guewejc"{"nc"ecrcekfcf"fg" gorcv c"cdtgp"nc"rwgtvc"c"cevkvwfgu"rtquqekcngu."swg"ug" ukv¿cp"
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xcnqtgu" swg" rtqowgxgp" nc" eqpuvtweek„p" fgn" dkgpguvct" rgtuqpcn" {" uqekcn0" Gn" dkgpguvct"
"
26
"
goqekqpcn" gu"nq"o u"rctgekfq" c"nc"hgnkekfcf."gpvgpfkfc"eqoq"nc"gzrgtkgpekc"fg"goqekqpgu"
rqukvkxcu0"Pq"rqfgoqu"gurgtct"c"swg"pqu"xgpicp"guvqu"guvcfqu"goqekqpcngu."ukpq"swg"jc{"
swg" eqpuvtwktnqu" eqpuekgpvgogpvg." eqp" xqnwpvcf" {" cevkvwf" rqukvkxc0" Guvq" gu" rqukdng" {"
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Nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"
Nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gu" wp" rtqeguq" gfwecvkxq." eqpvkpwq" {" rgtocpgpvg." swg" rtgvgpfg"
rqvgpekct" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" ncu" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" eqoq" gngogpvq" gugpekcn" fgn"
fgucttqnnq"jwocpq."eqp"qdlgvq"fg"ecrcekvctng"rctc"nc"xkfc"{"eqp"nc"hkpcnkfcf"fg"cwogpvct"gn"
dkgpguvct" rgtuqpcn" {" uqekcn" *Dkuswgttc." 4222+0" Guvg" rtqeguq" ug" rtqrqpg" qrvkok|ct" gn"
fgucttqnnq"jwocpq."gu"fgekt."gn"fgucttqnnq"kpvgitcn"fg"nc"rgtuqpc"*h ukeq."kpvgngevwcn."oqtcn."
uqekcn." goqekqpcn." gve0+0" Gu" rqt" vcpvq" wpc" gfwecek„p" rctc" nc" xkfc." wp" rtqeguq" gfwecvkxq"
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Nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gu" wpc" hqtoc" fg" rtgxgpek„p" rtkoctkc" kpgurge hkec0" Gpvgpfgoqu"
eqoq" vcn" nc" cfswkukek„p" fg" eqorgvgpekcu" swg" ug" rwgfgp" crnkect" c" wpc" ownvkrnkekfcf" fg"
ukvwcekqpgu." vcngu" eqoq" nc" rtgxgpek„p" fgn" eqpuwoq" fg" ftqicu." rtgxgpek„p" fgn" guvtfiu."
cpukgfcf."fgrtguk„p."xkqngpekc."gve0"Nc"rtgxgpek„p"rtkoctkc"kpgurge hkec"rtgvgpfg"okpkok|ct"
nc" xwnpgtcdknkfcf" fg" nc" rgtuqpc" c" fgvgtokpcfcu" fkuhwpekqpgu" *guvtfiu." fgrtguk„p."
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fg"eqorgvgpekcu"d ukecu"rctc"nc"xkfc0"
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goqekqpcn<"
̇ Cfswktkt"wp"oglqt"eqpqekokgpvq"fg"ncu"rtqrkcu"goqekqpgu0"
̇ Kfgpvkhkect"ncu"goqekqpgu"fg"nqu"fgo u0"
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27
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̇ Fgpqokpct"c"ncu"goqekqpgu"eqttgevcogpvg0"
̇ Fgucttqnnct"nc"jcdknkfcf"rctc"tgiwnct"ncu"rtqrkcu"goqekqpgu0"
̇ Uwdkt"gn"wodtcn"fg"vqngtcpekc"c"nc"htwuvtcek„p0"
̇ Rtgxgpkt"nqu"ghgevqu"pqekxqu"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu"pgicvkxcu0"
̇ Fgucttqnnct"nc"jcdknkfcf"rctc"igpgtct"goqekqpgu"rqukvkxcu0"
̇ Fgucttqnnct"nc"jcdknkfcf"fg"cwvqoqvkxctug0"
̇ Cfqrvct"wpc"cevkvwf"rqukvkxc"cpvg"nc"xkfc0"
̇ Crtgpfgt"c"hnwkt0"
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gfwecvkxq." eqpqekokgpvqu" rtgxkqu." ocfwtg|" rgtuqpcn." gve0+0" Eqoq" vgocu" tghgtgpvgu" fg" nc"
gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" guv p" nqu" ukiwkgpvgu<" gn" octeq" eqpegrvwcn" fg" ncu" goqekqpgu." swg"
kpenw{g" gn" eqpegrvq" fg" goqek„p." nqu" hgp„ogpqu" chgevkxqu" *goqek„p." ugpvkokgpvq." chgevq."
guvcfq" fg" pkoq." rgtvwtdcekqpgu" goqekqpcngu+." vkrqu" fg" goqekqpgu." gve0=" eqpqegt" ncu"
ectcevgt uvkecu" fg" ncu" goqekqpgu" rtkpekrcngu." eqoq" okgfq." ktc." cpukgfcf." vtkuvg|c."
xgti¯gp|c." cxgtuk„p." cngit c." coqt." jwoqt" q" hgnkekfcf=" nc" pcvwtcng|c" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn" gu" wp" curgevq" korqtvcpvg." eqp" o¿nvkrngu" crnkecekqpgu" rctc" nc" rt evkec0" Rgtq" nq"
o u"korqtvcpvg"uqp"ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu0"
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itwrqu." cwvqtghngzk„p." tc|„p" fkcn„ikec." lwgiqu000+" eqp" qdlgvq" fg" hcxqtgegt" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg"
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ictcpvk|c" swg" ugcp" wvknk|cfcu" rctc" jcegt" gn" dkgp" {" pq" gn" ocn0" Jc{" swg" rtgxgpkt" swg" ncu"
eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"ugcp"wvknk|cfcu"rctc"rtqr„ukvqu"gzrnqvcfqtgu"q"fgujqpguvqu0"Rqt"
guvq" gu" ow{" korqtvcpvg" swg" nqu" rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" xc{cp" ukgortg"
ceqorc‚cfqu"fg"wpqu"rtkpekrkqu"fivkequ0"Nc"fkogpuk„p"fivkec"fgdg"guvct"ukgortg"rtgugpvg"gp"
gn"fgucttqnnq"fg"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu0"
Ncu"crnkecekqpgu"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"ug"rwgfgp"fglct"ugpvkt"gp"o¿nvkrngu"ukvwcekqpgu<"
eqowpkecek„p"ghgevkxc"{"chgevkxc."tguqnwek„p"fg"eqphnkevqu."vqoc"fg"fgekukqpgu."rtgxgpek„p"
kpgurge hkec" *eqpuwoq" fg" ftqicu." ukfc." xkqngpekc." cpqtgzkc." kpvgpvqu" fg" uwkekfkq+." gve0" Gp"
¿nvkoq" vfitokpq" ug" vtcvc" fg" fgucttqnnct" nc" cwvqguvkoc." eqp" gzrgevcvkxcu" tgcnkuvcu" uqdtg" u "
okuoq." fgucttqnnct" nc" ecrcekfcf" fg" hnwkt" {" nc" ecrcekfcf" rctc" cfqrvct" wpc" cevkvwf" rqukvkxc"
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28
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cpvg"nc"xkfc0"Vqfq"gnnq"fg"ectc"c"rqukdknkvct"wp"oc{qt"dkgpguvct"goqekqpcn."swg"tgfwpfc"gp"
wp"oc{qt"dkgpguvct"uqekcn0"
Eqpvgzvqu"fg"crnkecek„p"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"vkgpg"crnkecekqpgu"gp"o¿nvkrngu"eqpvgzvqu0"Ug"rwgfg"fgekt"swg"gp"
vqfq" nwict" {" gp" vqfq" oqogpvq" ug" fgdgt cp" crnkect" ncu" eqorgvgpekcu" fg" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn0"Eqp"nc"kpvgpek„p"fg"uwdtc{ct"cniwpqu"fg"nqu"eqpvgzvqu"fg"crnkecek„p"rtkqtkvctkc."
pqu" xcoqu" c" tghgtkt" c" eqpvkpwcek„p" cn" fg" nc" gfwecek„p" hqtocn." gp" ncu" hcoknkcu." gp" ncu"
qticpk|cekqpgu"gp"igpgtcn"{"gp"nc"ucnwf"gp"rctvkewnct0"
Gfwecek„p"gu"wp"eqpegrvq"ow{"cornkq"swg"rwgfg"guvct"rtgugpvg"c"nq"nctiq"fg"nc"xkfc0"Wpc"
rctvg"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"gu"nc"gueqnctk|cek„p"qdnkicvqtkc"gp"nc"gfwecek„p"hqtocn0"Gp"ecr vwnqu"
rt„zkoqu" ug" vkgpg" rtgugpvg" gn" octeq" fg" nc" gfwecek„p" hqtocn" eqoq" tghgtgpvg" korqtvcpvg0"
Rgtq"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"pq"ug"nkokvc"c"guvg"eqpvgzvq0"
«El contexto familiar es una oportunidad idónea para el desarrollo

de competencias emocionales.»
Gn" eqpvgzvq" hcoknkct" gu" wpc" qrqtvwpkfcf" kf„pgc" rctc" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" eqorgvgpekcu"
goqekqpcngu0" Ncu" tgncekqpgu" kpvgtrgtuqpcngu" gp" gn" ugpq" fg" nc" hcoknkc" gu" wp" eqpvkpwq" fg"
goqekqpgu." fqpfg" gn" eqphnkevq" ug" jceg" kpgxkvcdng0" Nc" iguvk„p" rqukvkxc" fg" eqphnkevqu" gu" wp"
crtgpfk|clg" swg" ug" kpkekc" gp" nc" hcoknkc0" Ocftgu" {" rcftgu" fgdgt cp" vqoct" eqpekgpekc" fg" uw"
korqtvcpekc"{"fgugct"hqtoctug" eqp"wpc"fqdng"hkpcnkfcf0"Rqt"wpc"rctvg" eqp"nc"kpvgpek„p"fg"
crtgpfgt" c" glgtegt" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" u " okuoqu=" rqt" nc" qvtc." rctc" eqpvtkdwkt" c"
swg"nqu"jklqu"vgpicp"o u"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Gp"guvg"ugpvkfq."gn"ecr vwnq"fgfkecfq"c"nc"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp"nc" hcoknkc"kpenw{g" cniwpcu" tghgtgpekcu" rctc" rqpgt" gp" rt evkec" gp"
guvg"eqpvgzvq0"
Gp" ewcnswkgt" vkrq" fg" qticpk|cek„p." vkgpg" crnkecekqpgu" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0" Uqp"
glgornqu" fg" qticpk|cekqpgu" ncu" gortgucu" kpfwuvtkcngu." eqogtekcngu." hkpcpekgtcu."
qticpk|cekqpgu" pq" iwdgtpcogpvcngu." nc" Cfokpkuvtcek„p" r¿dnkec." gve0" Cswgnnqu" curgevqu" gp"
nqu" swg" vkgpg" wpc" crnkecek„p" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" ncu" qticpk|cekqpgu" uqp." rqt"
glgornq." nc" ugngeek„p" fg" rgtuqpcn." nc" hqtocek„p" eqpvkpwc." nc" rtgxgpek„p" fg" tkguiqu"
ncdqtcngu."gn"vtcdclq"gp"gswkrq"q"nc"iguvk„p"rqukvkxc"fg"eqphnkevqu0"Eqpxkgpg"vgpgt"rtgugpvg"
swg" nc" oc{qt c" fg" dclcu" ncdqtcngu" nq" uqp" rqt" ecwucu" rukequqekcngu." gu" fgekt." ug" fgdgp" c"
cpukgfcf." guvtfiu." fgrtguk„p." dwtp" qwv." gve0" Gn" uwuvtcvq" goqekqpcn" rtgugpvg" gp" nc" xkfc"
ncdqtcn"jceg"pgeguctkc"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"
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29
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Fgpvtq"fg"ncu"qticpk|cekqpgu."jc{"wp"vkrq"gurgekcn"fg"gnncu"swg"uqp"ncu"tgncekqpcfcu"eqp"nc"
ucnwf<" jqurkvcngu." en pkecu." codwncvqtkqu." eqpuwnvcu" ofifkecu." gve0" Gp" guvqu" eqpvgzvqu." ncu"
goqekqpgu" eqdtcp" wp" xcnqt" gurgekcn0" Nc" rgtuqpc" gphgtoc" ug" rwgfg" xgt" chgevcfc" rqt"
guvcfqu" goqekqpcngu" swg" ng" ewguvc" uwrgtct0" Guvq" chgevc" c" nqu" hcoknkctgu" swg" fgdgp" fctng"
crq{q"cwpswg"c"xgegu"uqp"nqu"hcoknkctgu"nqu"swg"pgegukvcp"crq{q"goqekqpcn0""
Gp" guvg" ugpvkfq." gu" ow{" korqtvcpvg" gn" crq{q" goqekqpcn" swg" rwgfgp" rtqrqtekqpct" nqu"
rtqhgukqpcngu" fg" nc" ucnwf0" ÅE„oq" fct" ocncu" pqvkekcuÇ" ug" eqpukfgtc" wpc" eqorgvgpekc" fg"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" swg" ekgtvqu" gurgekcnkuvcu" fg" nc" ogfkekpc" fgdgp" fqokpct" {c" swg" ug"
xgp"gp"ukvwcekqpgu"et vkecu"fg"xg|"gp"ewcpfq="gp"guvqu"oqogpvqu."nc"hqtoc"fg"eqowpkectug"
gu" etwekcn0" Gp" en pkecu" {" jqurkvcngu" rwgfg" jcdgt" pk‚qu" swg" guv p" gp" wpc" ukvwcek„p" et vkec."
vcpvq" h ukec" eqoq" goqekqpcnogpvg0" Fkxgtucu" kpxguvkicekqpgu" jcp" rwguvq" fg" tgnkgxg" e„oq"
ncu"goqekqpgu"chgevcp"cn"ukuvgoc"kpowpkvctkq"*Cfgt."3;;3="Cfgt"gv"cn0."3;;3="4223="Xkfcn."
4222+0"Ncu"goqekqpgu"pgicvkxcu"fkuokpw{gp"ncu"fghgpucu"fgn"ukuvgoc"kpowpkvctkq"{"rqt"nq"
vcpvq" rtgfkurqpgp" c" eqpvtcgt" gphgtogfcfgu=" okgpvtcu" swg" ncu" goqekqpgu" rqukvkxcu"
eqpvtkdw{gp"c"cwogpvct"ncu"fghgpucu"fgn"ukuvgoc"kpowpkvctkq"{"rqt"nq"vcpvq"rtgxkgpgp"fg"
gphgtogfcfgu" q" cegngtcp" nc" ewtcek„p0" Vqfq" guvq" uqp" glgornqu" fg" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" ncu"
goqekqpgu"gp"ncu"qticpk|cekqpgu"fg"nc"ucnwf0"
Ocvgtkcngu"rctc"nc"rt evkec"
Rctc" crq{ct" nc" ncdqt" fgn" rtqhguqtcfq" {" fg" ncu" hcoknkcu" ug" jcp" gncdqtcfq" ocvgtkcngu"
rt evkequ."eqp"glgtekekqu"{"cevkxkfcfgu"gphqecfcu"cn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"{"
ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu0"Ug"rwgfg"tgewttkt"c"guvqu"ocvgtkcngu"fqpfg"ug"gpeqpvtct p"
cdwpfcpvgu" uwigtgpekcu" {" cevkxkfcfgu" gp" gn" oqogpvq" fg" rqpgt" gp" rt evkec" nc" gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn0" Eqpuwnvct" nqu" tgewtuqu" fgn" ecr vwnq" 33." ÅTghgtgpekcu" dkdnkqit hkecu" rctc" nc"
rt evkecÇ0""
Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"gp"nqu"ogfkqu"fg"eqowpkecek„p"
Nqu"ogfkqu"fg"eqowpkecek„p"ug"rwgfgp"eqpukfgtct"eqoq"wp"eqpvgzvq"o u"rctc"nc"rqukdng"
crnkecek„p" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0" Nqu" ogfkqu" cwfkqxkuwcngu" eqoq" nc" vgngxkuk„p" {" nc"
tcfkq" vkgpgp" wp" gpqtog" rqfgt" rctc" kphnwkt" gp" nc" uqekgfcf0" Rqft cp" ugt" wvknk|cfqu" rctc"
eqpvtkdwkt"c"nc"gfwecek„p"fg"hqtoc"gpvtgvgpkfc="og|encpfq"hqtocek„p"{"fkxgtuk„p0"
Nc"tgcnkfcf"gu"swg"guecugcp"nqu"rtqitcocu"fg"ecnkfcf"swg"vgpicp"eqoq"qdlgvkxq"eqpvtkdwkt"
cn" fgucttqnnq" fg" ncu" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" fg" ncu" cwfkgpekcu0" Rqt" glgornq." nqu" rqequ"
gurcekqu" swg" rqfgoqu" gpeqpvtct" gp" Ecvcnw‚c" uqp"Tgfgu." Dtkeqncvig" Goqekqpcn." NÓQhkek" fg"
Xkwtg"{"H two"Lwpkqt0"
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30
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Wp" rtqitcoc" fg" tghgtgpekc" gu" Tgfgu" swg" fktkig" Gfwctf" Rwpugv" gp" Nc" 4" fg" Vgngxkuk„p"
Gurc‚qnc." swg" vtcvc" ecfc" ugocpc" wp" vgoc" fg" ekgpekc0" Owejqu" fg" nqu" rtqitcocu" cdqtfcp"
fktgevc" q" kpfktgevcogpvg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" {" uw" gfwecek„p." fgufg" wpc" rgturgevkxc"
rtkpekrcnogpvg"ekgpv hkec0"Cniwpqu"glgornqu"nqu"gpeqpvtcoqu"gp"nqu"grkuqfkqu"vkvwncfqu""ÅNc"
tgegvc"rctc"gn"guvtfiuÇ"*gokvkfq"gn"44"fg"qevwdtg"fgn"422;+."ÅGfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"fgufg"gn"
¿vgtq" ocvgtpqÇ" *7" fg" qevwdtg" fgn" 422;+." ÅGoqekqpgu" kpfkxkfwcngu" {" eqngevkxcuÇ" *49" fg"
oc{q"4229+.ÅGfwecek„p"goqekqpcnÇ"*33"fg"cdtkn"4228+."ÅRctc"swfi"uktxgp"ncu" goqekqpguÇ"
*37"pqxkgodtg"4227+."ÅPq"ucdgoqu"swfi"pqu"jceg"hgnkeguÇ"*3;"hgdtgtq"4227+."ÅNc"h„townc"
fg" nc" hgnkekfcfÇ" *4:" ugrvkgodtg" 4225+." ÅEwcpfq" gn" egtgdtq" ug" goqekqpcÇ" *;" pqxkgodtg"
4225+."Å½Rctc"swfi"uktxgp"nqu"egnquAÇ"*44"ugrvkgodtg"4224+."ÅEncxgu"xkqngpvcu"*K"{"KK+Ç"*7"
{"34"fg"gpgtq"fg"4225+."ÅNcu"dcugu"igpfivkecu"fg"nc"cpukgfcf"{"nc"vtkuvg|cÇ"*36"cdtkn"4224+0"
Qvtq"rtqitcoc"gu"Dtkeqncvig"Goqekqpcn."fg"Icurct"Jgtp pfg|."gp"VX5."gn"ewcn"vtcvc"vgocu"
fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" fg" hqtoc" tkiwtquc" {" cogpc0" Nqu" vgocu" gokvkfqu" uqp<" ÅNc" dqpc"
uqtvÇ."ÅNc"rctgnnc"kfgcnÇ."ÅCrtgpftg"c"fkt"$pq$Ç."ÅRgtftg"nc"rqt"fg"nc"oqtvÇ."ÅNc"etkuk"eqo"
c"qrqtvwpkvcvÇ."ÅXflpegt"nc"rqtÇ."ÅXflpegt"nc"vkokfgucÇ."ÅNc"ugzwcnkvcv"kpvgn:nkigpvÇ."ÅRquct"
hk"c"n)guvtfluÇ."ÅHgt"cokeuÇ."ÅIwcp{ct"ofiu"fkpgtuÇ."ÅUcdgt/pqu"gphcfctÇ"{"ÅNc"hgnkekvcvÇ0""
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Gn" okuoq" Icurct" Jgtp pfg|" fktkig" gn" rtqitcoc" NÓQhkek" fg" Xkwtg" fg" Ecvcnwp{c" T fkq0" Ug"
vtcvc"fg"wp"rtqitcoc"uqdtg"fgucttqnnq"rgtuqpcn."rukeqnqi c"rqukvkxc"{"pwgxc"gurktkvwcnkfcf0"
Glgornqu" fg" vgocu" vtcvcfqu" uqp<" ÅNÓcoqt" cwvflpvkeÇ" *52" qevwdtg" 4233+." ÅFqnqtu" h ukeu/
fqnqtu" goqekqpcnuÇ" *4;" qevwdtg" 4233+." ÅVqv" uqdtg" nÓcpukgvcvÇ" *44" qevwdtg" 4233+." ÅXcnqtu"
ofiu"pgeguuctku"swg"ockÇ"*44"fkekgodtg"4233+."gve0"
H two"L¿pkqt"gu"wp"rtqitcoc"fg"Vgngxkuk„"fg"Ecvcnwp{c."fktkikfq"rqt" Lqtfk"Xknctfgnn."gp"gn"
ewcn"wp"itwrq"fg"l„xgpgu"eqogpvcp"vgocu"fg"uw"kpvgtfiu0"Gpvtg"nqu"v vwnqu"gokvkfqu"guv p<"
ÅRgvqpu." tgdwki" k" gpcoqtcogpvÇ." ÅEqpfkekqpu" cfxgtuguÇ." ÅRwdgtvcv<" eqorngzqu" k"
ceegrvcek„Ç."{"ÅUwrgtct"ngu"rfltfwguÇ0"
Fguitcekcfcogpvg"cdwpfcp"o u"qvtq"vkrq"fg"rtqitcocu"swg"ug"rqft cp"ecnkhkect"fg"dcuwtc"

goqekqpcn" q" vgngdcuwtc0" Guvqu" rtqitcocu" vkgpgp" wpc" kphnwgpekc" oc{qt" fg" nc" swg" ugt c" fg"
fgugct."{c"swg."fg"cewgtfq"eqp"nc"vgqt c"fgn"crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn."ug"crtgpfg"owejq"c"rctvkt"
fg" nq" swg" ug" xg" jcegt" c" qvtcu" rgtuqpcu0" Fg" cj " nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" rqpgt" cn" gurgevcfqt."
uqdtgvqfq"ewcpfq"uqp"pk‚qu"{"l„xgpgu."cpvg"oqfgnqu"swg"rwgfcp"ugtxkt"fg"tghgtgpekc0""
«Pese a tener, algunos periódicos, secciones de educación

una vez a la semana, la educación emocional pasa
prácticamente desapercibida.»
Nqu"pk‚qu"{"l„xgpgu"guv p"kpfghgpuqu"cpvg"gn"rqfgt"fg"nqu"ogfkqu."uqdtgvqfq"nc"vgngxkuk„p0"
Ug" korqpg" wpc" kornkecek„p" fg" nc" uqekgfcf" rctc" crtqxgejct" guvg" ogfkq" vcp" rqvgpvg" rctc"
gfwect"q."eqoq"o pkoq."rctc"pq"fgugfwect0"Etgct"wpc"qrkpk„p"uqekcn"{"wp"etkvgtkq"uqdtg"nc"
ugngeek„p"fg"rtqitcocu"rwgfg"ugt"wpc"x c"jcekc"fqpfg"cxcp|ct0"Rqt"glgornq."wp"gswkrq"fg"
gzrgtvqu" rqft c" kphqtoct" c" nc" uqekgfcf." c" vtcxfiu" fg" nc" rtgpuc" {" wpc" ygd." uqdtg" nqu"
rtqitcocu" tgeqogpfcdngu" {" pq" tgeqogpfcdngu" fgufg" gn" rwpvq" fg" xkuvc" gfwecvkxq0" Guvq"
rqft c"ugt"wvknk|cfq"rqt"ncu"hcoknkcu"{"gn"rtqhguqtcfq"rctc"qtkgpvct"jcekc"wp"wuq"crtqrkcfq"
fg"nqu"ogfkqu0"Chqtvwpcfcogpvg"jc{"gzrgtkgpekcu"swg"cxcncp"nc"xkcdknkfcf"fg"rtq{gevqu"gp"
guvg"ugpvkfq0""
Cu ." rqt" glgornq." nqu" rcvtqekpcfqtgu" fg" wp" rtqitcoc" fg" vgngxkuk„p" tgvktctqp" uwu"
uwdxgpekqpgu"eqoq"eqpugewgpekc"fg"nc"rtqvguvc"uqekcn"rtqfwekfc"cpvg"nc"gokuk„p"gp"rtkog"
vkog"fg"ekgtvcu"kphqtocekqpgu0"Nqu"cpwpekcpvgu"pq"swkgtgp"lwictug"uw"rtguvkikq"crctgekgpfq"
gp" rtqitcocu" egpuwtcdngu" uqekcnogpvg0" Uk" pq" jc{" rcvtqekpcfqtgu" pk" rwdnkekfcf." pq" rwgfg"
jcdgt" rtqitcoc0" Guvc" gxkfgpekc" cdtg" wpc" rwgtvc" korqtvcpvg" c" nc" gurgtcp|c" fg" ectc" c"
crtqxgejct" ncu" tgfgu" uqekcngu" rctc" etgct" eqpekgpekc" {" qtkgpvct" uqdtg" ncu" ectcevgt uvkecu"
gfwecvkxcu" q" pq" fg" ekgtvqu" rtqitcocu0" Guvc" ¿nvkoc" gzrgtkgpekc" lwpvq" eqp" gn" fizkvq" fg" nqu"
ewcvtq"rtqitcocu"cpvgtkqtogpvg"ekvcfqu"rgtokvg"gphqect"gn"hwvwtq"eqp"wp"ekgtvq"qrvkokuoq0"
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Cfgo u"fg"nc"vgngxkuk„p"{"nc"tcfkq."fg"gpvtg"nqu"ogfkqu"fg"eqowpkecek„p"jc{"swg"ekvct"c"nc"
rtgpuc0" Nqu" rgtk„fkequ" gp" igpgtcn" ug" fgfkecp" c" fkhwpfkt" kphqtocek„p" rqn vkec" {" pqvkekcu0"
Ewtkqucogpvg" owejcu" fg" ncu" kphqtocekqpgu" swg" vtcpuokvgp" uqp" wp" glgornq" fgn"
Åcpcnhcdgvkuoq" goqekqpcnÇ0" Ncu" ugeekqpgu" jcdkvwcngu" fg" wp" rgtk„fkeq" uwgngp" ugt<" rqn vkec"
pcekqpcn." kpvgtpcekqpcn." ctv ewnqu" fg" qrkpk„p." ewnvwtc." gurgev ewnqu." fgrqtvgu." geqpqo c."
tgrqtvclgu." gve0" Cniwpqu" rgtk„fkequ" vkgpgp" ugeekqpgu" fg" gfwecek„p" wpc" xg|" c" nc" ugocpc."
rgtq" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" jc" rcucfq" rt evkecogpvg" fgucrgtekdkfc" jcuvc" gn" oqogpvq0"
Cwp" cu ." cniwpc" xg|" jcp" crctgekfq" tgrqtvclgu" tgncekqpcfqu" eqp" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" {"
vgocu"chkpgu0""
Gp" ÅNc" eqpvtcÇ" fg" Nc" Xcpiwctfkc" crctgeg" wpc" gpvtgxkuvc" eqp" wp" gurgekcnkuvc" gp" cni¿p"
ecorq" *ekgpekc." ewnvwtc." rtqhgukqpgu." gve0+." swg" c" ogpwfq" cfqrvc" wp" eqpvgpkfq" swg" ug"
rqft c" eqpukfgtct" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Rqt" guvc" r ikpc" jcp" rcucfq" knwuvtgu"
tgrtgugpvcpvgu" g" kpxguvkicfqtgu" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" {" eqpukfgtcoqu" swg" gu" wp"
tghgtgpvg"ekvcfq"htgewgpvgogpvg"jcuvc"vcn"rwpvq"swg"owejcu"rgtuqpcu"jcp"gzrtgucfq"swg"
rctc" gnncu" gu" nq" o u" kpvgtgucpvg" fg" guvg" rgtk„fkeq0" Eqpukfgtcoqu" swg" gu" wp" glgornq" fg"
rtgugpekc"fg"gfwecek„p"gp"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"swg"rwgfg"fct"rkuvcu"{"cpkoct"rctc"qvtcu"
gzrgtkgpekcu"gp"guvg"ugpvkfq0"
Pq"xcoqu"c"eqogpvct"ncu"tgxkuvcu"gurgekcnk|cfcu"gp"cwvqc{wfc."ncu"ewcngu"{c"vkgpgp"wpqu"
ngevqtgu" swg" dwuecp" kphqtocekqpgu" tgncekqpcfcu" eqp" nc" ucnwf" {" gn" fgucttqnnq" rgtuqpcn0"
Uqncogpvg" eqogpvct" swg" fgpvtq" fgn" cornkq" dnqswg" fg" cwvqc{wfc." vcpvq" fg" nkdtqu" eqoq"
tgxkuvcu." ug" rwgfg" gpeqpvtct" fg" vqfq0" Gp" nc" okuoc" ecvgiqt c" jc{" vgzvqu" fg" itcp" pkxgn" {"
dwgpc"hwpfcogpvcek„p." lwpvq"eqp" qvtqu"swg"uqp"o u"rtqrkqu"fg" ekgpekcu"qewnvcu" q"ugevcu"
tgnkikqucu0" Nqu" ngevqtgu" fgdgp" vgpgt" wpc" kphqtocek„p" rtgxkc" {" wp" lwkekq" et vkeq" rctc" rqfgt"
ugngeekqpct"eqp"etkvgtkq"nq"swg"xcp"c"nggt0"
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Wpkxgtukvcv" fg" Dctegnqpc" *xgt" nqu" gpncegu" tgeqogpfcfqu" cn" hkpcn" fg" guvg" ecr vwnq" {" nggt"
vcodkfip"gn"ecr vwnq":"fg"guvg"kphqtog+."gn"vgoc"eqpfwevqt"hwg"ÅNc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"
nqu" ogfkqu" fg" eqowpkecek„pÇ0" Guvcu" lqtpcfcu" eqpvctqp" eqp" nc" rctvkekrcek„p" fg" rqpgpvgu"
eqoq" Gfwctf" Rwpugv." Icurct" Jgtp pfg|." Koc" Ucpej u." Lqtfk" Xknctfgnn." Dqtlc" Xkncugec" {"
qvtqu"cwvqtgu0"
Ogfkcpvg" guvcu" n pgcu" swgtgoqu" jcegt" wpc" nncocfc" c" nqu" rtqhgukqpcngu" fg" nqu" ogfkqu" fg"
eqowpkecek„p"rctc"swg"ug"kornkswgp"gp"rtq{gevqu"gphqecfqu"cn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn0"Guvq"tgswkgtg"ugpukdknkfcf"{"eqpekgpekcek„p"uqdtg"nc"korqtvcpekc"{"pgegukfcf"fgn"
vgoc0"Vcodkfip"tgswkgtg"wp"ecodkq"fg"cevkvwfgu"{"wpc"hqtocek„p"gp"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
fg"nqu"rtqhgukqpcngu"fgn"ogfkq"rctc"rqfgt"kpvtqfwekt"kpitgfkgpvgu"tgncekqpcfqu"eqp"gn"vgoc"
gp"rtqitcocu"vcp"fkxgtuqu" eqoq"ugtkgu"vgngxkukxcu."fqewogpvcngu." rtqitcocu" gfwecvkxqu."
"
33
"
rtgpuc."nkdtqu."gve0"Gn"fizkvq"fg"nqu"rtqitcocu"{"gzrgtkgpekcu"cpvgtkqtogpvg"ekvcfqu"rgtokvg"
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Gpncegu"tgeqogpfcfqu"
Lqtpcfcu"fg"Gfwecek„p"Goqekqpcn<"
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jvvr<11yyy0ecvtcfkq0ecv1rtqitcoc1325:1Nqhkek/fg/xkwtg"
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jvvr<11yyy0tgfgurctcncekgpekc0eqo1"
Dkdnkqitch c"
Cfgt."T0"*4229+0"Ru{ejqpgwtqkoowpqnqi{0"Couvgtfco<"Gnugxkgt1Cecfgoke"Rtguu0"
Cfgt."T0."Hgnvgp."F0N0."Eqjgp."P0"*3;;3+0"Ru{ejqpgwtqkoowpqnqi{0"Pwgxc"[qtm<"Cecfgoke"Rtguu0"
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*4232+0"Nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"nc"rt evkec0"Dctegnqpc<"Jqtuqtk/KEG0"
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Dctegnqpc<"Ekuu/Rtczku0""
Dkuswgttc."T0"*4222+0"Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"{"dkgpguvct0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Dkuswgttc."T0"*422:+0"Gfwecek„p"rctc"nc"ekwfcfcp c0"Gn"gphqswg"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"
Yqnvgtu"Mnwygt0"
Dkuswgttc."T0"*422;+0"Rukeqrgfciqi c"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu0"Ocftkf<"U pvguku0"
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Lcpfiu0"
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Dctegnqpc<"Rnc|c"Lcpfiu0"
Hgtp pfg|/Dgttqecn."R0."Tcoqu/F c|."P0"*4224+0"Eqtc|qpgu"kpvgnkigpvgu0"Dctegnqpc<"Mckt„u0"
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kpvgn:nkigpv0"Dctegnqpc<"GFD0"
Iqngocp."F0"*3;;8+0"Kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Mckt„u0"
"
34
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I„og|/Dtwiwgtc."L0"*4225+0"Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"{"ngpiwclg"gp"nc"guewgnc0"Dctegnqpc<"Qevcgftq/Tquc"
Ugpucv0"
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Rcttco„p0"
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rquvqdnkicvqtkc0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
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Kdcttqnc."D0"*4225+0"Ewgpvqu"rctc"ugpvkt0"Gfwect"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu0"Ocftkf<"UO0"
N„rg|/Ecuu ."G0"*4225+0"Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"Rtqitcoc"rctc"5/8"c‚qu0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
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gfwecek„p"ugewpfctkc"qdnkicvqtkc0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Rwpugv0"G0"*4227+0"Gn"xkclg"c"nc"hgnkekfcf0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0"
Rwpugv0"G0"*4229+0"Gn"xkclg"cn"coqt0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0"
Rwpugv0"G0"*4232+0"Xkclg"c"ncu"goqekqpgu0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0""
Rwpugv0"G0"*4233+0"Gzewucu"rctc"pq"rgpuct0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0"
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3:7/4330"
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Ugiwtc." O0." Ctecu." O0" *4225+0" Gfwect" ncu" goqekqpgu" {" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu0" Kpvtqfweek„p" rt evkec" cn"
eqornglq"owpfq"fg"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu0"Ocftkf<"Pctegc0"
Ujcrktq."N"G0"*3;;:+0"Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"nqu"pk‚qu0"Dctegnqpc<"Gfkekqpgu"D0"
Uqngt." L0." Eqpcpinc." O0O0" *4225+0" Gn" ctvg" fg" vtcpuhqtoct" rqukvkxcogpvg" ncu" goqekqpgu0" Nc" geqnqi c"
goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Cocv0"
Xkfcn/I„og|."L0"*4222+0"Crwpvgu"fg"rukeqpgwtqkpowpqnqi c0"Dctegnqpc<"Gfkekqpu"fg"nc"Wpkxgtukvcv"fg"
Dctegnqpc0"
"
35
EDUCAR CON INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN LA FAMILIA – ESTHER GARCÍA NAVARRO
"
50"Gfwect"eqp"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"gp"nc"hcoknkc"
Guvjgt"Icte c"Pcxcttq"
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gpeqpvtcoqu"ncu"hcoknkctgu+" uqp"wpq"fg"nqu"hcevqtgu"rtgfkevkxqu"fgn"dkgpguvct" goqekqpcn"q"
fg" nc" hgnkekfcf" *Dkuswgttc." 422;+0" Ewtkqucogpvg" guvcu" tgncekqpgu" vcodkfip" uqp" ecwucu"
rtkpekrcngu" fg" eqphnkevq" {" ocnguvct" rtqxqecpfq" goqekqpgu" pgicvkxcu" eqoq" nc" vtkuvg|c." gn"
tgpeqt." gn" qfkq." gve0" Nc" encxg" guv " gp" eqpugiwkt" ugt" goqekqpcnogpvg" kpvgnkigpvgu."
fgucttqnnct"{"rqpgt"gp"lwgiq"guvcu"eqorgvgpekcu"c"nc"jqtc"fg"tgncekqpctpqu0"
«Vivir con emociones negativas tiene elevados costes en nuestra

salud y en las relaciones interpersonales.»
½Xkxgu"eqp"dkgpguvctA"½Guv u"ucvkuhgejq"eqp"vw"xkfcA"½Ew n"gu"gn"itcfq"fg"ucvkuhceek„p"eqp"

vw" xkfcA" Ucdgoqu" swg" wpc" fg" ncu" tgurwguvcu" o u" htgewgpvgu" c" guvcu" rtgiwpvcu" pq" gu"
rqukvkxc"ukpq"cn"eqpvtctkq0"Goqekqpgu" eqoq" gn"guvtfiu."nc"cpukgfcf." gn"okgfq."nc"vtkuvg|c."nc"
fgrtguk„p."nc"tcdkc."gve0."guv p"o u"rtgugpvgu"gp"pwguvtcu"xkfcu"fg"nq"swg"pqu"iwuvct c0""
Xkxkt" eqp" goqekqpgu" pgicvkxcu" vkgpg" gngxcfqu" equvgu" gp" pwguvtc"ucnwf" {" gp" ncu" tgncekqpgu"
kpvgtrgtuqpcngu0" ½Swfi" enkoc" goqekqpcn" igpgtcoqu" gp" pwguvtq" jqict" uk" xkxkoqu" kpogtuqu"
eqp" guvg" vkrq" fg" goqekqpguA" ½Swfi" ghgevqu" vkgpg" pwguvtc" xkxgpekc" goqekqpcn" eqp" pwguvtqu"
jklquA" Gp" nqu" pk‚qu." nc" xkfc" t rkfc" {" rtgekrkvcfc" swg" ectcevgtk|c" c" pwguvtc" uqekgfcf" vkgpg"
ghgevqu"eqoq"nc"kttkvcdknkfcf."nc"cpukgfcf"q"nc"tcdkc0"
½Vgpgoqu" swg" gxkvct" ugpvktpqu" cu A" Vqfqu" swgtt coqu" ugpvktpqu" ukgortg" cngitgu" gp" nwict"
fg"vtkuvgu"q"gphcfcfqu"rgtq"ucdgoqu"swg"guq"pq"gu"rqukdng0"Rqt"guq"ewcpfq"ugpvkoqu"wpc"
goqek„p" fgucitcfcdng" gn" rtkogt" rcuq" gu" vgpgt" eqpekgpekc" fg" gnnc" {" cegrvctnc0" Gn" ugiwpfq"
rcuq" gu" iguvkqpct" cfgewcfcogpvg" nc" goqek„p" rctc" rqfgt" ugpvktug" oglqt0" Gp" gn" crctvcfq"
ÅCevkxkfcfgu" rctc" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc" tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcnÇ" ug" crqtvcp" tgewtuqu" rctc"
oglqtct"pwguvtc"iguvk„p"goqekqpcn"{"nc"fg"pwguvtqu"jklqu0"
"
36
"
Nqu"rcftgu"fgdgp"ugt"wp"tghgtgpvg"rctc"c{wfct"c"fgucttqnnct"ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"
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kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"ectc"c"hcxqtgegt"nc"fg"uwu"jklqu0"
Wpc"rtqrwguvc"rctc"gorg|ct"guvg"ecokpq"fg"fgucttqnnq"rgtuqpcn"gu"swg"gn"cfwnvq"eqpgevg"
xctkcu"xgegu"cn"f c"eqpukiq"okuoq"rctc"fgvgevct"swfi"guv "ukpvkgpfq"gp"gug"oqogpvq0"Wpc"
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tgurqpfkgpfq"c"ewguvkqpgu"eqoq"guvcu<"
̇ ½E„oq"og"ukgpvqA"
̇ ½Rqt"swfi"og"ukgpvq"cu A"
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rwgfq" crnkect" rctc" ocpvgpgtncA" Q" dkgp." ½Swfi" rwgfq" jcegt" rctc" ecodkctnc" {"
ugpvktog"oglqtA"
Gn" ukiwkgpvg" rcuq" gu" c{wfct" c" pwguvtqu" jklqu" c" fgvgevct" e„oq" ug" ukgpvgp0" Ewcpvq" cpvgu"
eqogpegoqu"guvg"ecokpq"eqp"gnnqu."owejq"oglqt0"Gu"pgeguctkq"gpug‚ct"c"pwguvtqu"jklqu"c"
eqpgevct"eqp"u "okuoqu"rctc"swg"rwgfcp"eqortgpfgt"e„oq"ug"ukgpvgp0"Ewcnswkgt"ukvwcek„p"
fg" nc" xkfc" eqvkfkcpc" gu" dwgpc" rctc" rtcevkect" {" fgucttqnnct" nc" eqpekgpekc" goqekqpcn0" Gu"
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pqodtg"c"uwu"goqekqpgu0""
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swg" nqu" rcftgu" xgtdcnkegp" gn" ugpvkokgpvq" ewcpfq" guv p" eqpvgpvqu." gphcfcfqu." gve0." rctc"
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"
37
"
guv p."gu"eqpxgpkgpvg"c{wfctngu"c"gvkswgvct"guc"goqek„p0"Qvtq"fg"nqu"curgevqu"korqtvcpvgu"
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cniwkgp"eqoq"eqpugewgpekc"fg"wp"gphcfq0"
Cevkxkfcfgu"rctc"gn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"eqpekgpekc"goqekqpcn"
C" eqpvkpwcek„p" ug" rtqrqpgp" cniwpcu" cevkxkfcfgu" rctc" hqogpvct" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc"
eqpekgpekc"goqekqpcn"gp"pwguvtqu"jklqu<"
̇ Fkdwlct" eqp" gnnqu" ectcu" swg" gzrtgugp" fkhgtgpvgu" goqekqpgu" *vtkuvg|c." gphcfq."
tcdkc." gve0+0" Guvqu" fkdwlqu" rwgfgp" guvct" eqnicfqu" gp" cniwpc" rctgf" fg" nc" ecuc" {"
pqu" rwgfgp" ugtxkt" rctc" vtcdclct" eqp" gn" pk‚q" nc" goqek„p" swg" guv " ukpvkgpfq."
nngx pfqnq" c" ncu" ko igpgu" fg" hqtoc" swg" rwgfc" kpfkect" e„oq" ug" ukgpvg" gp" gug"
oqogpvq0""
̇ Eqp"jklqu"cfqnguegpvgu"ug"rwgfg"vtcdclct"gn"fkctkq"goqekqpcn."fg"oqfq"swg"ug"ngu"
cpkog"c"swg."ewcpfq"jc{cp"xkxkfq"cniwpc"ukvwcek„p"rqukvkxc"q"pgicvkxc."rwgfcp"
cpqvct"gp"gn"fkctkq"e„oq"ug"ukgpvgp."rqt"swfi."uk"etggp"swg"gu"pgeguctkq"ecodkct"
nc"goqek„p"{"swfi"rwgfgp"jcegt"rctc"ecodkctnc"*gp"ecuq"fg"swg"ugc"pgeguctkq+0"
̇ Kokvct" eqplwpvcogpvg" fkhgtgpvgu" goqekqpgu0" Ukvwctug" fgncpvg" fg" wp" gurglq"

rwgfg" ugt" wp" dwgp" tgewtuq" rctc" swg" qdugtxgp" e„oq" ecodkcp." gp" gnnqu" {" gp" gn"
cfwnvq."nqu"iguvqu"hcekcngu"rtqrkqu"fg"ecfc"goqek„p0""
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goqek„p"swg"ukgpvgp"gp"gug"oqogpvq."rqpgtng"pqodtg""{"fgvgevct"gn"rqtswfi"fg"
gug"ugpvkokgpvq0"
̇ Ewcpfq" gn" pk‚q" guv " rcucpfq" rqt" cniwpc" gphgtogfcf" fg" nctic" fwtcek„p." gu"
korqtvcpvg"swg"ugc"eqpuekgpvg"fg"swfi"goqekqpgu" guv " ukpvkgpfq0"Guvq" vkgpg"fqu"
qdlgvkxqu<" crtgpfgt" c" eqortgpfgt" swfi" ukgpvg" {" c{wfctng" c" xgt" swg" rwgfg"
"
38
"
ecodkct" uw" goqek„p" rqt" qvtc" swg" ugc" o u" dgpghkekquc" gp" gug" oqogpvq0" Gp" gn"
crctvcfq" fg" iguvk„p" goqekqpcn" ug" crqtvcp" cniwpqu" tgewtuqu" rctc" vtcdclct" nc"
tgiwncek„p"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu"eqp"pk‚qu"gphgtoqu0"
Nc"gorcv c"
Eqoq"jgoqu"xkuvq."nc"gzrtguk„p"goqekqpcn"gu"hwpfcogpvcn"rctc"eqortgpfgt"ncu"goqekqpgu"
fg" nqu" fgo u." ucdgt" e„oq" ug" ukgpvgp." {" rqfgt" eqorctvkt" ncu" goqekqpgu0" Guvc" ecrcekfcf"
rctc" ÅnggtÇ." tgeqpqegt." eqortgpfgt" {" eqpgevct" eqp" ncu" goqekqpgu" clgpcu" rgtokvg"
eqortgpfgt" pq" uqncogpvg" gn" rwpvq" fg" xkuvc" fg" nqu" fgo u." ukpq" nc" goqek„p" fgufg" nc" ewcn"
xkxgp" wp" uweguq0" C" guvq" ug" ng" fgpqokpc" gorcv c0" Gn" rknct" uqdtg" gn" swg" ug" uwuvgpvc" {"
fgucttqnnc"nc"gorcv c"gu"nc"eqpekgpekc"goqekqpcn"kpvtcrgtuqpcn0"Vcodkfip"ug"jc"fgpqokpcfq"
c" nc" gorcv c." Åeqpekgpekc" uqekcnÇ0" Nc" rcncdtc" gorcv c" rtqxkgpg" fgn" vfitokpq" itkgiq"
gorcvjgkc"swg"ukipkhkec"Åugpvkt"fgpvtqÇ0"
«La capacidad de reconocer, comprender y conectar con las

emociones ajenas nos permite entender el punto de vista de los
demás y la emoción desde la cual viven un suceso.»
Gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc" gorcv c" gu" fg" itcp" wvknkfcf" gp" fkhgtgpvgu" odkvqu" fg" pwguvtc" xkfc"
*tgncekqpgu" gp"nc"hcoknkc."ncdqtcngu."cokiqu." gve0+"{c"swg"rgtokvg"tgncekqpctpqu"oglqt" eqp"
pwguvtq" gpvqtpq0" C" nc" xg|." gn" equvg" fg" pq" fgucttqnnctnc" rwgfg" ugt" gpqtog" {c" swg" ewcpfq"
wpc" rgtuqpc" pq" vkgpg" gorcv c" rwgfg" eqorqtvctug" fg" hqtoc" citgukxc" {" xkqngpvc" eqp" nqu"
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Nc" eqowpkecek„p" pq" xgtdcn" *nc" rquvwtc." gn" vqpq" q" kpvgpukfcf" fg" xq|." nc" oktcfc." wp" iguvq."
gve0+" gu" ow{" korqtvcpvg" gp" ncu" tgncekqpgu" kpvgtrgtuqpcngu0" Wpc" rgtuqpc" gor vkec" ugt "
ecrc|" fg" nggt" guvg" vkrq" fg" ug‚cngu" c" nc" xg|" swg" vcodkfip" jcdt " fgucttqnncfq" wpc" dwgpc"
ecrcekfcf"fg"guewejc0"Vqfq"guvq"hqogpvc"tgncekqpgu"kpvgtrgtuqpcngu"fg"o u"ecnkfcf"swg"c"
uw" xg|" igpgtcp" oc{qt" dkgpguvct0" Rqt" gn" eqpvtctkq." ncu" rgtuqpcu" eqp" dclc" gorcv c" vkgpgp"
fkhkewnvcfgu" rctc" gpvgpfgt" ncu" goqekqpgu" fg" nqu" fgo u." vkgpgp" ogpqu" fgucttqnncfc" nc"
ecrcekfcf" fg" guewejc" {" uqp" ogpqu" ghkekgpvgu" c" nc" jqtc" fg" kpvgtrtgvct" ncu" ug‚cngu" pq"
xgtdcngu0" Guvq"rtqxqec" swg" uwu"tgncekqpgu"kpvgtrgtuqpcngu"pq" ugcp"vcp" htwev hgtcu." {c"swg"
rwgfgp" jgtkt" o u" h eknogpvg" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" fgn" qvtq" cn" pq" fgvgevctnqu" pk" nggtnqu"
cfgewcfcogpvg0"
C" rctvkt" fg" nqu" nc|qu" {" x pewnqu" goqekqpcngu" swg" ug" xcp" vglkgpfq" gp" nc" hcoknkc" {" fg" nqu"
kpvgtecodkqu"swg"vkgpgp"nwict"{c"fgufg"gn"pcekokgpvq."ug"xc"vtcuokvkgpfq"{"fgucttqnncpfq"
nc"eqorgvgpekc"fg"nc"gorcv c0"Ewcpfq"gn"dgdfi"tgekfip"pcekfq"nnqtc"gp"nc"ewpc"{"nqu"rcftgu"nq"
"
39
"
cvkgpfgp" eqp" coqt." vgtpwtc" {" ectk‚q." rctc" eqortgpfgt" e„oq" ug" guv " ukpvkgpfq" uw" dgdfi"
*ukpvqpk|cp"eqp" uw" goqek„p+." gn"x pewnq"chgevkxq"swg" ug"vglg" gpvtg" gnnqu"igpgtc" gp" gn"pk‚q"
goqekqpgu"fg"ugiwtkfcf"{"eqphkcp|c."{c"swg"fin"rgtekdg"swg"uw"nncpvq"{"uwu"pgegukfcfgu"uqp"
eqortgpfkfcu"rqt"uw"gpvqtpq"o u"egtecpq0"
Gp" ecodkq." gp" gn" ecuq" fg" wp" tgekfip" pcekfq" swg" nnqtc" gp" nc" ewpc" {" gp" gn" swg" nqu" rcftgu"
kipqtcp"gug"nncpvq."gn"x pewnq"chgevkxq"swg"ug"gpvtgnc|ct "gpvtg"gnnqu"rtqxqect "gp"gn"dgdfi"
oc{qt" kpugiwtkfcf" {" fgueqphkcp|c." wpc" ogpqt" cwvqguvkoc." gve0" Gn" equvg" fg" nc" hcnvc" fg"
ukpvqp c" gpvtg" rcftgu" g" jklqu" rwgfg" ugt" gpqtog" {" nqu" dgpghkekqu" fg" fgucttqnnct" guvc"
eqpgzk„p"goqekqpcn"vcodkfip0"
Nc" gorcv c" gu" hwpfcogpvcn" rctc" rqfgt" gfwect" c" pwguvtqu" jklqu" fgufg" nc" eqortgpuk„p" {"
rqfgtnc" eqpgevct" goqekqpcnogpvg" eqp" gnnqu0" Ug" vtcvc" fg" oktct" gn" owpfq" fgufg" uwu" qlqu."
Årqpgtpqu"gp"uwu"|crcvquÇ"g"kpvgpvct"eqortgpfgt"nc"ukvwcek„p"fgufg"uw"rwpvq"fg"xkuvc"{"uw"
goqek„p0" Uk" nq" eqpugiwkoqu." guvctgoqu" hqogpvcpfq" wp" enkoc" gp" pwguvtq" jqict" o u"
ectcevgtk|cfq"rqt"nc"eqpxkxgpekc."gpvgpfkokgpvq"{"ctoqp c."swg"pq"rqt"nc"eqphtqpvcek„p."{"
hcxqtgegtgoqu"wpcu"oglqtgu"tgncekqpgu"eqp"pwguvtqu"jklqu."gxkvcpfq"eqphnkevqu"ecuk"ukgortg"
kppgeguctkqu0"
«”Las tres cuartas partes de las miserias y malos entendidos en el

mundo terminarían si las personas se pusieran en los zapatos de
sus adversarios y entendieran su punto de vista”. Mahatma Gandhi.»
Ncu"pgwtqpcu"gurglq"uqp"ncu"swg"jcegp"rqukdng"nc"eqortgpuk„p"fg"nqu"guvcfqu"goqekqpcngu"
fg" qvtcu" rgtuqpcu0" C" kpkekqu" fg" nqu" c‚qu" pqxgpvc" gn" pgwtqekgpv hkeq" Ikceqoq" Tk||qncvvk"
*Tk||qncvvk" {" Ukpkicinkc." 4228+." fg" nc" Wpkxgtukv " fgink" Uvwfk" fk" Rctoc." gp" Kvcnkc." fguewdt c"
rqt"ecuwcnkfcf"gp"gn"egtgdtq"fg"wp"ukokq"wpqu"ukuvgocu"fg"pgwtqpcu"swg"ug"cevkxcp"ewcpfq"
ug" glgewvc" wpc" ceek„p0" Nq" ewtkquq" gu" swg" guvcu" pgwtqpcu" vcodkfip" ug" cevkxcp" ewcpfq" ug"
qdugtxc"c"qvtq"kpfkxkfwq"swg"glgewvc"nc"ceek„p0" Guvg"fguewdtkokgpvq"ug" eqpukfgtc"eqoq"gn"
kpkekq" fgn" guvwfkq" fg" ncu" pgwtqpcu" gurglq" *Dkuswgttc." 422;+0" Cu " rwgu." ewcpfq" pwguvtqu"
jklqu" qdugtxcp" swg" vgpgoqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" eqoq" guvtfiu." cpukgfcf." ktc." vtkuvg|c." gve0." uqp"
ecrcegu"fg"eqortgpfgt"e„oq"pqu"ugpvkoqu"itcekcu"c"swg"ug"cevkxcp"gp"gnnqu"ncu"pgwtqpcu"
gurglq0" Pquqvtqu" vcodkfip" rqfgoqu" eqortgpfgtnqu" c" gnnqu" rqt" gn" okuoq" oqvkxq." {" guvq"
rgtokvg"rqpgtpqu"gp"uw"nwict"{"gzrgtkogpvct"wp"guvcfq"goqekqpcn"ukoknct0"
Ewcpfq" pwguvtqu" jklqu" rcfgegp" wpc" nctic" gphgtogfcf." guvc" jcdknkfcf" rctc" nggt" uwu"
goqekqpgu" gu" c¿p" o u" korqtvcpvg0" Wpcu" fg" ncu" goqekqpgu" pgicvkxcu" o u" ectcevgt uvkecu"
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rgtfkfq"cniq"swg"ug"vgp c"gp"gn"rcucfq."gp"guvg"ecuq"nc"ucnwf0"Nc"cpukgfcf."gp"ecodkq."gu"
"
40
¿CÓMO ED
DUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
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41
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Nc"iguvk„p"goqekqpcn<"xkxkt"eqp"goqekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"{"dkgpguvct"
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goqekqpgu" fg" hqtoc" swg" rqfcoqu" rtgxgpkt" goqekqpgu" pgicvkxcu" {" cwvqigpgtctpqu"
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"
42
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kortguekpfkdng" oquvtctngu" gn" coqt" swg" ugpvkoqu" rqt" gnnqu" c" rctvkt" fgn" ngpiwclg"
eqtrqtcn0"
̇ Wp" pk‚q" hcnvq" fg" eqpvcevq" h ukeq" rtgugpvc" wpc" oc{qt" rtqdcdknkfcf" fg" vgpgt"
tgncekqpgu" kpvgtrgtuqpcngu" ogpqu" ucvkuhcevqtkcu" {" fg" ocpkhguvct" eqpfwevcu"
cpvkuqekcngu0"Gu"korqtvcpvg"fct"ectk‚q"{"chgevq"c"vtcxfiu"fgn"vcevq."ncu"ectkekcu."nqu"
cdtc|qu"{"nqu"dguqu"c"pwguvtqu"jklqu0"["vcodkfip"c{wfctngu"c"ugt"eqpuekgpvgu"fgn"
dkgpguvct"swg"ukgpvgp"ewcpfq"tgekdgp"guvcu"owguvtcu"fg"chgevq="guvq"c{wfc"c"uw"
fgucttqnnq"goqekqpcn0"Uqnq"cu "rqft p"crtgpfgt"c"wuct"gn"ngpiwclg"eqtrqtcn"rctc"
oquvtct"coqt"{"ectk‚q"c"nqu"fgo u0""
̇ Ecpvct" {" dcknct" c{wfc" c" igpgtct" dkgpguvct0" Eqpxkgpg" hqogpvct" gurcekqu" fqpfg"
ocpvgpgt."eqp"pwguvtqu"jklqu."wpc"eqowpkecek„p"ectcevgtk|cfc"rqt"nc"crgtvwtc"{"
nc" eqphkcp|c0" Gu" hwpfcogpvcn" tgurgvct" uwu" eqogpvctkqu" {" qrkpkqpgu" eqp"
vqngtcpekc." ukp" lw|ictnqu" {" tgurgvcpfq" uwu" ugpvkokgpvqu0" ÅGn" oqxkokgpvq" ug"
fgowguvtc"cpfcpfqÇ<"nqu"rtkogtqu"swg"fgdgp"oquvtct"guvc"crgtvwtc"{"eqphkcp|c"
uqp" nqu" rcftgu" ewcpfq" gzrnkecp" {" jcdncp." rqt" glgornq." uqdtg" uwu" rtqdngocu" q"
goqekqpgu0"
"
43
"
Dkdnkqitch c"
Fqnvq."H0"*3;;:+0"Gn"pk‚q"{"nc"hcoknkc0"Fgucttqnnq"goqekqpcn"{"gpvqtpq"hcoknkct0"Dctegnqpc<"Rckf„u0"
Gnkcu." O0L0." Vqdkcu." U0G0." Htkgfncpfgt." D0" U0" *3;;;+0" Gfwect" eqp" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0" Dctegnqpc<"
Rnc|c"Lcpfiu0"
Hcdgt."C0."Oc|nkuj."G0"*3;;9+0"E„oq"jcdnct"rctc"swg"uwu"jklqu"ng"guewejgp"{"e„oq"guewejct"rctc"swg"
uwu"jklqu"ng"jcdngp0"Ocftkf<"Ogfkek0"
Hcdgt." C0." Oc|nkuj." G0" *4224+0" E„oq" jcdnct" rctc" swg" uwu" jklqu" guvwfkgp" gp" ecuc" {" gp" gn" eqngikq0"
Ocftkf<"Ogfkek0"
Rcttco„p0"
N„rg|/Citgnq."X0N0"*4227+0"Nc"eqowpkecek„p"gp"hcoknkc0"O u"cnn "fg"ncu"rcncdtcu0"Ocftkf<"U pvguku0"
Rgcteg."L0"*3;;7+0"Dgttkpejgu."gphcfqu"{"rcvcngvcu0"Uqnwekqpgu"eqortqdcfcu"rctc"c{wfct"c"vw"jklq"c"
gphtgpvctug"c"goqekqpgu"hwgtvgu0"Dctegnqpc<"Rckf„u0"
Rfitg|/Uko„."T0"*4223+0"Gn"fgucttqnnq"goqekqpcn"fg"vw"jklq0"Dctegnqpc<"Rckf„u0"
Tk||qncvvk."I0."Ukpkicinkc."E0"*4228+0"Ncu"pgwtqpcu"gurglq0"Nqu"ogecpkuoqu"fg"nc"gorcv c"goqekqpcn0"
Unqdqfc."C0."Lwunkp."R0J0"*4223+0"Ru{ejqnqikecn"rgturgevkxgu"qp"owuke"cpf"goqvkqp0"Gp"R0J0"Lwunkp"{"C0"
Unqdqfc0"Owuke"cpf"Goqvkqp"*rr0"93/326+0"Qzhqtf<"Qzhqtf"Wpkxgtukv{"Rtguu0"
Xcnnfiu/Ct pfkic." C0" *4222+0" Nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" fg" nqu" jklqu0" E„oq" fgucttqnnctnc0" Kpuvkvwvq" fg"
Qtkgpvcek„p"Rukeqn„ikec"Cuqekcfqu<"Ocftkf0"
"
44
"
60"Kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"gp"gn"cwnc"
ênkc"N„rg|"Ecuu "
E„oq"fgucttqnnct"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
Wpc"hqtoc"rctc"fgucttqnnct"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"gu"ogfkcpvg"rtqitcocu"fg"gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn0"Guvqu"rtqitcocu"fgdgt cp"kpkekctug"gp"ncu"rtkogtcu"gvcrcu"fg"nc"xkfc."{c"swg"gp"
guvcu"gfcfgu"ug"fcp"ncu"rtkogtcu"dcugu"fg"crtgpfk|clg"{"tgncek„p0"Rqt"glgornq."ewcpfq"wp"
pk‚q" gorkg|c" c" jcdnct." gu" korqtvcpvg" fgektng" equcu" tgncekqpcfcu" eqp" uwu" goqekqpgu<" Å[c"
xgq" swg" vg" ukgpvgu" vtkuvg" rqtswg" og" gejcu" gp" hcnvcÇ0" ÅVg" ukgpvgu" eqpvgpvq." ½xgtfcfA" [q""
vcodkfip" og" ukgpvq" eqoq" v¿." ¾swfi" cngit c#Ç0" Eqp" glgtekekqu" ugpeknnqu" fg" guvg" vkrq." ng"
c{wfcoqu"c"rqpgt"wp"pqodtg"c"uwu"goqekqpgu."eqorctvkoqu"ncu"pwguvtcu"{"eqpugiwkoqu"
swg"nqu"pk‚qu"cuqekgp"nc"goqek„p"eqp"wpc"ukvwcek„p"xkxkfc."nq"swg"hcxqtgeg"gn"fgucttqnnq"fg"
nc"eqpekgpekc"goqekqpcn"{"fg"nc"gorcv c0""
Pq" vcp" u„nq" pqu" egpvtctgoqu" gp" nc" kphcpekc." ukpq" swg" gp" ewcnswkgt" gvcrc" fg" nc" xkfc." rqt"
glgornq" gp" nc" gvcrc" gfwecvkxc" fg" nc" Gfwecek„p" Ugewpfctkc" Qdnkicvqtkc" *GUQ+" ug" jceg"
pgeguctkc" nc" crnkecek„p" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0" Nqu" cfqnguegpvgu" pgegukvcp"
cwvqchktoctug."xcnqtct"uwu"ecrcekfcfgu"{"nkokvcekqpgu."vqoct"uwu"rtqrkcu"fgekukqpgu."vgpgt"
tgurqpucdknkfcfgu."ugpvktug"cegrvcfqu"rqt"nqu"fgo u."gve0"Gp"ewcnswkgt"gfcf"gu"rtkoqtfkcn"
gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn." {c" swg" pqu" c{wfc" c" eqpqegtpqu" oglqt" eqoq"
rgtuqpcu"{"c"eqortgpfgt"oglqt"c"nqu"fgo u0"
"
"
45
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ
"
Ncu"cevkxkfcfgu"swg"ug"fgucttqnncp"gp"gn"cwnc"uqp"gn"rtkpekrcn"xgj ewnq"rctc"nc"tgncek„p"gpvtg"
gn" rtqhguqtcfq" {" gn" cnwopcfq." {" gu" cnn " fqpfg" ug" rqpg" gp" lwgiq" nc" ectic" goqekqpcn" {"
chgevkxc0" Nc" ogvqfqnqi c" gfwecvkxc" o u" ghkec|" gu" cswgnnc" dcucfc" gp" nqu" eqpqekokgpvqu"
rtgxkqu"fg"nqu"pk‚qu"{"cfqnguegpvgu."gp"uwu"kpvgtgugu"{"pgegukfcfgu"rgtuqpcngu"{"uqekcngu"{"
gp" uwu" xkxgpekcu" fktgevcu0" Rctc" gnnq." rwgfgp" c{wfct" tgewtuqu" fkf evkequ" *ko igpgu."
hqvqitch cu."ecpekqpgu."ewgpvqu."nkvgtcvwtc."lwgiqu."x fgqu."qdlgvqu."pqvkekcu"fg"rtgpuc."tqng/
rnc{kpi." gve0+" swg" uwuekvgp" nc" eqpekgpekc" goqekqpcn" {" swg" qhtg|ecp" nc" rqukdknkfcf" fg"
gzrgtkogpvct" goqekqpgu0" Eqpxkgpg" qhtgegt" gurcekqu" gp" gn" cwnc" fg" tghngzk„p" {" fg"
kpvtqurgeek„p."hqogpvct"nc"eqowpkecek„p"eqp"nqu"fgo u"{"vtcdclct"gp"gswkrq0"
Gu" ghgevkxq" rtgrctct" gurcekqu" cdkgtvqu" eqp" uknncu" q" eqlkpgu" gp" nqu" swg." fgufg" wpc" ekgtvc"
eqoqfkfcf"rquvwtcn."ug" rwgfcp"gzrqpgt."eqorctvkt"{"xkxgpekct" ukvwcekqpgu"fg"crtgpfk|clg"
goqekqpcn"{"hcxqtg|ecp"nc"eqowpkecek„p"xkuwcn"{"eqtrqtcn"fg"nqu"cnwopqu0"
«El profesor, con sus actitudes y comportamientos, puede ofrecer

un clima de seguridad, respeto y confianza ante los alumnos.»
Gp" ncu" rtkogtcu" gfcfgu" gueqnctgu" gu" pgeguctkc" nc" eqowpkecek„p" eqpvkpwc" gpvtg" gn"
rtqhguqtcfq" {"ncu" hcoknkcu0" Gp" guvcu" gfcfgu" gu" eqpxgpkgpvg" gn"wuq"fg" ocvgtkcngu" xkclgtqu."
gpvgpfkfqu" eqoq" cswgnnqu" swg" qhtgegp" nc" rqukdknkfcf" c" ncu" hcoknkcu" *{" vcodkfip" c" qvtqu"
gfwecfqtgu+" fg" swg" rwgfcp" rctvkekrct" fktgevcogpvg" gp" nc" gfwecek„p" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn0"Ug"vtcvc"fg"jcegt"nngict"c"nqu"cigpvgu"gfwecvkxqu"nq"swg"ug"vtcdclc"gp"nc"guewgnc"
uqdtg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn."rctc"swg"vqogp"eqpekgpekc"fg"uw"xcnqt"rgfci„ikeq"{"rctc"swg"
rwgfcp"eqpvtkdwkt"gp"wpc"gfwecek„p"eqorctvkfc0"Gp"nc"cfqnguegpekc"ug"jceg"o u"jkpecrkfi"
gp" gn" vtcdclq" eqp" gn" cnwopcfq" rctc" swg" fiuvg" rwgfc" vtcpuhgtktnq" c" uw" gpvqtpq" {" c" ncu"
rgtuqpcu"o u"rt„zkocu0"
Gn" gpvqtpq" gueqnct" gu" kortguekpfkdng" rctc" hcxqtgegt" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Jc{" fkxgtucu"
guvtcvgikcu" rctc" rqpgtnc" gp" rt evkec0" Wpc" fg" gnncu" gu" kpvgit pfqnc" gp" ncu" fkxgtucu" tgcu"
cecffiokecu" {" c" nq" nctiq" fg" vqfqu" nqu" ewtuqu." fg" hqtoc" vtcpuxgtucn0" Ewcpfq" guvq" pq" gu"
rqukdng." eqoq" o pkoq" jcdt c" swg" rtqewtct" nngict" cn" o zkoq" fg" ocvgtkcu" {" gp" vqfqu" nqu"
ewtuqu"rqukdngu0"Nc"vwvqt c"{"nc"cukipcvwtc"fg"gfwecek„p"rctc"nc"ekwfcfcp c"uqp"wp"gurcekq"
kf„pgq"rctc"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"
Gu" ow{" korqtvcpvg" gn" tqn" fgn" rtqhguqt" q" rtqhguqtc" gp" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn." {c" swg" rqt"
kokvcek„p." gn" cnwopq" q" cnwopc" crtgpfg" c" fgucttqnnct" {" c" rqpgt" gp" rt evkec" uw" rtqrkc"
kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Gn"rtqhguqt."eqp"uwu"cevkvwfgu"{"eqorqtvcokgpvqu."rwgfg"qhtgegt"wp"
enkoc"fg"ugiwtkfcf."tgurgvq"{"eqphkcp|c"cpvg"nqu"cnwopqu"swg"fgugc"gfwect0"Rqt"glgornq."
gn"cfwnvq"vtcpuokvg"{"eqpvcikc"uw"guvcfq"goqekqpcn"c"vtcxfiu"fg"nc"eqowpkecek„p"xgtdcn"{"pq"
"
46
"
xgtdcn."eqoq"iguvqu."vqpq"fg"xq|."eqpvcevq"h ukeq."gve0"Uk"gn"cfwnvq"ecfc"xg|"swg"ug"gphcfc"
ejknnc."gn"pk‚q"crtgpfgt "c"jcegt"nq"okuoq"eqp"nqu"fgo u0"
Gn" rtqhguqt" fgdg" fgucttqnnct" uw" ecrcekfcf" gor vkec" eqp" gn" cnwopq" rctc" rqfgt" guvcdngegt"
tgncekqpgu"fg"eqphkcp|c"{"eqtfkcnkfcf0"Fgdg"ugt"tgegrvkxq"cn"eqpvcevq"jwocpq"rctc"hceknkvct"
swg"nc"eqowpkecek„p"chgevwquc"ug"chkcpeg"gp"ncu"tgncekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"gpvtg"ncu"rgtuqpcu0"
Cu "rwgu."gn"rtqhguqtcfq"fgdg"ugpukdknk|ctug"{"hqtoctug"gp"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"eqoq"
rcuq" rtgxkq" c" nc" gfwecek„p" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0" Rctc" gnnq" rwgfg" tgcnk|ct" ewtuqu."
ngevwtcu."kpvgtecodkqu"fg"gzrgtkgpekcu."gve0"Gn"rtqhguqt"vwvqt"vkgpg"wp"rguq"tgngxcpvg"gp"nc"
crnkecek„p"fg"rtqitcocu"fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn."{c"swg"gu"gn"tghgtgpvg"kpogfkcvq"fg"uwu"
cnwopqu"{"cnwopcu="rqt"qvtc"rctvg"uwgng"ugt"gn"swg"vkgpg"o u"eqpvcevq"eqp"gnnqu"c"nq"nctiq"
fg"nc"ugocpc0"
Nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" fgdgt c" vgpgt" eqpvkpwkfcf" c" nq" nctiq" fg" nc" gueqnctkfcf." cu " eqoq"
fkurqpgt"fg"o¿nvkrngu"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"rctc"nngxct"c"nc"rt evkec"guvqu"crtgpfk|clgu0"["pq"uqnq"
fgpvtq" fgn" gurcekq" gueqnct." ukpq" vcodkfip" gp" nc" hcoknkc." cevkxkfcfgu" gzvtcgueqnctgu." vkgorq"
nkdtg."gve0"Ewcpfq"ug"vtcvc"fg"fgucttqnnct"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu."vqfq"gn"rtqeguq"xkvcn"
fgdg" eqpxgtvktug" gp" gn" guegpctkq" fgn" ecodkq." rqtswg" nc" xkfc" okuoc" gu" nc" oglqt" fg" ncu"
guewgncu0"
Nc"rt evkec"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"gn"cwnc"
Gp"guvg"crctvcfq"ug"gzrqpgp"cniwpqu"glgtekekqu"rt evkequ"swg"hcxqtgegp"gn"fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0" Gu" korqtvcpvg" nngxctncu" c" ecdq" fg" hqtoc" kpvgpekqpcn" {" ukuvgo vkec0"
Gp" vqfq" gn" rtqeguq" gu" ow{" korqtvcpvg" nc" kornkecek„p" {" gn" gpvwukcuoq" fgn" rtqhguqt0" Gp" nc"
ogfkfc"gp"swg"gn"rtqhguqt"nq"jceg"rqt"rtqrkc"eqpxkeek„p."nqu"tguwnvcfqu"uqp"o u"ghgevkxqu0"
½E„oq"og"ukgpvqA"
Guvc" cevkxkfcf" eqpukuvg" gp" swg" nqu" pk‚qu" {" pk‚cu" eqpvguvgp" c" nc" rtgiwpvc" Å½E„oq" og"
ukgpvqAÇ0" Gn" cnwopcfq" fgdg" crtgpfgt" c" kpvgtkqtk|ct" hqtocu" fg" gzrtguctug" {" tgncekqpctug"
eqp"gn"owpfq"goqekqpcn0"Rctc"gnnq."gu"pgeguctkq"vtcdclct"rtgxkcogpvg"eqp"wp"xqecdwnctkq"
swg"c{wfg"c"kfgpvkhkect" {"tgeqpqegt"ncu"rtqrkcu" goqekqpgu0"Rctc" gnnq"ug"rwgfgp"rtgugpvct"
wpqu" vfitokpqu" goqekqpcngu" d ukequ" swg" ug" kt p" cornkcpfq" eqp" nc" gfcf<" cngit c." vtkuvg|c."
gphcfq."xgti¯gp|c."okgfq."ugpvktug"swgtkfq."hgnk|."gve0"
Gn" rtqhguqt" fgdg" vcodkfip" hqtoct" rctvg" fg" nc" cevkxkfcf" {." cn" kiwcn" swg" uw" cnwopcfq." fgdg"
gzrtguct" e„oq"ug"ukgpvg0"C" xgegu"nqu"pk‚qu"{"pk‚cu"gzrtgucp" uwu" goqekqpgu"fg"hqtoc"pq"
"
47
"
xgtdcn0" Gp" vcn" ecuq." gn" cfwnvq" fgdg" ceqorc‚ct" guvc" gzrtguk„p" eqp" wpc" rcncdtc" swg"
kfgpvkhkswg"nc"goqek„p"swg"ukgpvg0"
Rkgpuq"{"ukgpvq"equcu"rqukvkxcu"
Wpc"hqtoc"rctc"c{wfct"c"ugpvktug"oglqt"gu"rgpuct"gp"equcu"rqukvkxcu"{"ugpvktncu0"Rctc"guvg"
hkp." eqpxkgpg" fgfkect" vkgorq" c" swg" gn" cnwopcfq" owguvtg" ekgtvqu" rgpucokgpvqu" rctc" swg"
rwgfcp"igpgtct"goqekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"gp"gnnqu"okuoqu"{"eqpvcikctncu"c"nqu"fgo u0"Jg"csw "
cniwpqu"glgornqu<"
̇ ÅEwcpfq"rkgpuq"gp"oku"cpkocngu"fg"eqorc‚ c"og"ukgpvq"ow{"cngitg0Ç"
̇ ÅEwcpfq"xq{"c"xgt"c"oku"cdwgnqu"fkuhtwvq"owejq"gn"f c0Ç"
̇ ÅEwcpfq"rkgpuq"gp"ncu"xcecekqpgu"ukgpvq"icpcu"fg"fkxgtvktog0"Ç"
̇ ÅEwcpfq"rkgpuq"gp"hnqtgu"fg"eqnqtgu"og"ukgpvq"vtcpswknq0"Ç"
Uk"cfgo u"fg"gzrtguct"guvqu"ogpuclgu"qtcnogpvg"nqu"guetkdkoqu"{"nqu"gzrqpgoqu"gp"cni¿p"
gurcekq"h ukeq"gp"gn"cwnc."guvqu"rwgfgp"vgpgt"wpc"oc{qt"tgrgtewuk„p"rqukvkxc."eqp"nq"swg"ug"
hcxqtgegt "gn"dkgpguvct"fgn"eqplwpvq"fg"nc"encug0"
Og"ewkfcp"{"og"ewkfq"
Nngxct" c" nc" rt evkec" ukvwcekqpgu" gp" ncu" swg" ncu" rgtuqpcu" ug" ukgpvcp" ewkfcfcu" {" tgurgvcfcu"
rqt"nqu"fgo u"pq"vcp"uqnq"hcxqtgeg"ncu"tgncekqpgu"uqekcngu"ukpq"swg"vcodkfip"eqpvtkdw{g"c"nc"
rtqrkc"cwvqguvkoc0"Eqpxkgpg"tgcnk|ct"guvcu"rt evkecu"rtkogtq"eqp"wpq"okuoq"rctc"eqpqegt"
uwu"dgpghkekqu"{"rctc"hcoknkctk|ctug"eqp"gnncu0""
̇ Tgcnk|ct"ocuclgu"rqt"rctglcu"eqp"qdlgvqu"*cniqfqpgu."rc‚wgnqu."rnwocu."gve0+"q"
eqp"ncu"rtqrkcu"ocpqu0"
̇ Dcknct"ukp"rgtfgt"gn"eqpvcevq"h ukeq"{"xkuwcn"eqp"qvtc"rgtuqpc0"
̇ Fgektug"equcu"rqukvkxcu"{"ogpuclgu"rqukvkxqu"rctc"ugpvktug"swgtkfq"{"tgeqpqekfq0"
̇ Rtcevkect"nqu"cdtc|qu0
Ugpvkt"{"eqowpkect"goqekqpgu"
Vqfc"rgtuqpc"pgegukvc"ugpvktug"guewejcfc="uqdtg"vqfq"ewcpfq"ukgpvg"ocnguvct0"Fkurqpgt"fg"
vkgorq" rctc" swg" nqu" pk‚qu" {" pk‚cu" gzrtgugp" uwu" citcfgekokgpvqu." hgnkekvcekqpgu." swglcu" {"
eqphnkevqu" gu" wpc" hqtoc" gp" nc" swg" fgucttqnnct p" uwu" ecrcekfcfgu" fg" eqowpkecek„p" {"
"
48
"
tgncek„p."crtgpfgt p"c"gorcvk|ct"eqp"nqu"fgo u"{"ugt p"o u"cugtvkxqu0"Gu"vcp"korqtvcpvg"
gzrtguct"goqekqpgu"{"ukvwcekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"eqoq"pgicvkxcu0""
Gp" gn" cwnc" ug" rwgfgp" rqpgt" fqu" dw|qpgu" gp" nqu" swg" gn" cnwopcfq" rwgfc" fgrqukvct" uwu"
ogpuclgu" rctc" swg" rwgfcp" ugt" gzrtgucfqu" {" eqorctvkfqu" eqp" nqu" fgo u0" Wpq" ugt " gn"
dw|„p" fgn" dkgpguvct" {" gn" qvtq." gn" fgn" ocnguvct0" Fwtcpvg" wpc" ugocpc." wpc" xg|" cn" f c." ug"
cdtkt p"nqu"dw|qpgu"rctc"swg"uwu"ogpuclgu"ugcp"ng fqu."gzrtgucfqu"{"eqorctvkfqu"eqp"nqu"
fgo u0" Nc" gzrtguk„p" {" eqpekgpekc" goqekqpcn" gu" wp" rcuq" rtgxkq" rctc" dwuect" uqnwekqpgu"
eqplwpvcu0"
Gn"gphcfq"
Gn" gphcfq" gu" wpc" goqek„p" swg" fgdg" gzrtguctug" fg" hqtoc"
crtqrkcfc=" pq" fg" hqtoc" korwnukxc." {c" swg" guq" eqpnngxc" c" wpc"
hcnvc"fg"tgiwncek„p"goqekqpcn0"
Gu" korqtvcpvg" swg" nqu" cnwopqu" {" cnwopcu" ugcp" ecrcegu" fg"
tgeqpqegt" ew pfq" {" gp" swfi" ukvwcekqpgu" ocpkhkguvcp" gn" gphcfq."
cu "eqoq"rtqrqpgt"guvtcvgikcu"rctc"uw"tgiwncek„p0"
Guvc" cevkxkfcf" eqpukuvg" gp" swg" gn" cnwopcfq" eqorngvg" ewcvtq"

ogpuclgu" kpeqorngvqu" ugi¿p" uwu" rtqrkcu" xkxgpekcu" {"
gzrgtkgpekcu0"
"
Rctc"gnnq"fgdgp"tghngzkqpct"fg"hqtoc"kpfkxkfwcn0""
̇ Og"gphcfq"eqp"nqu"fgo u"ewcpfqÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ"
̇ Ewcpfq"og"gphcfq"pqvq"swg"ok"ewgtrqÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ"
̇ Ewcpfq"nqu"fgo u"og"owguvtcp"uw"gphcfq"og"ukgpvqÈÈÈÈÈÈ"
̇ Ewcpfq"og"gphcfqÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ"
Rquvgtkqtogpvg"ug"eqorctvkt p"nqu"ogpuclgu"eqorngvcfqu"gp"rgswg‚q"itwrq."rctc"fkuewvkt"
{"rqpgt"gp"eqo¿p"nqu"curgevqu"ugoglcpvgu"{"fkhgtgpvgu0"
Gu" kpvgtgucpvg" eqpqegt" ncu" crqtvcekqpgu" fg" nqu" fkhgtgpvgu" itwrqu" rctc" tghngzkqpct"
eqplwpvcogpvg"{"cfqrvct"eqorqtvcokgpvqu"swg"ugcp"¿vkngu"rctc"gn"itwrq0"
Cn"hkpcn"ug"rwgfgp"tgfcevct"ogpuclgu"gp"nqu"swg"ug"ukpvgvkegp"ncu"kfgcu"{"crqtvcekqpgu"fgn"
itwrq/encug"eqoq"rqt"glgornq<"
"
49
"
̇ Vqfc"rgtuqpc"ug"rwgfg"gphcfct"ewcpfqÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ"
̇ Rctc"tgiwnct"nc"goqek„p"fg"gphcfq"ug"rwgfgÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ"
̇ Ewcpfq"nqu"fgo u"og"gzrtgucp"uw"gphcfq."{qÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ"
Nc"tgegvc"goqekqpcn"
Gp" guvc" cevkxkfcf" ecfc" cnwopq" fgdg" kocikpctug" swg" gu" eqekpgtq" {" fgdg" gueqigt" fg" nqu"
ukiwkgpvgu" Åkpitgfkgpvgu" goqekqpcnguÇ" wp" eqplwpvq" fg" goqekqpgu" swg" hqtoct p" rctvg" fg"
uw"ÅtgegvcÇ<"hgnkekfcf."vtkuvg|c."vtcpswknkfcf."xgti¯gp|c."rcuk„p."knwuk„p."tcdkc."cueq."coqt."
gurgtcp|c." okgfq." cngit c0" Gu" kpvgtgucpvg" swg" eqpvguvgp" kpfkxkfwcnogpvg" c" guvcu"
rtgiwpvcu<"
̇ ½Rqt"swfi"jcu"gueqikfq"guvqu"kpitgfkgpvgu"{"pq"qvtquA"
̇ ½Uk"vwxkgtcu"swg"gncdqtct"wpc"tgegvc"rctc"qvtc"rgtuqpc."c"swkgp"gngikt cuA"½Rqt"
swfiA"
̇ ½Swfi"kpitgfkgpvgu"rqft cu"gp"nc"tgegvcA"½Rqt"swfiA"
̇ Eqorctvg"vw"tgegvc"eqp"nqu"fgo u"{"lwuvkhkec"nc"gngeek„p"fg"kpitgfkgpvgu"swg"jcu"
jgejq0"
Nc"fwejc"
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ogfkcpvg"nc"rt evkec"fgn"ocuclg0"Gn"ocuclg"gu"vcodkfip"wpc"dwgpc"rt evkec"rctc"hqtvcngegt"
x pewnqu"chgevkxqu"eqp"wpq"okuoq"{"eqp"nqu"fgo u"{"fgucttqnnct"wpc"dwgpc"cwvqguvkoc0"
Guvc" cevkxkfcf" eqpukuvg" gp" tgrtqfwekt" fkhgtgpvgu" ocuclgu"eqoq" uk" gn" pk‚q" q" pk‚c" guvwxkgtc"
Åfwej pfqugÇ0" Rtkogtq." gn" ocuclg" fg" nc" fwejc" gu" gpug‚cfq" rqt" gn" rtqhguqt" rctc" swg"
fgurwfiu"rwgfgp" tgcnk|ctnq"nqu"cnwopqu" gpvtg"gnnqu" q"dkgp"rtcevke tugnq" c"u "okuoqu0" Guvqu"
uqp"nqu"rcuqu"rctc"tgrtqfwekt"wpc"ÅfwejcÇ"ogfkcpvg"gn"ocuclg0"
̇ Nqu"fgfqu"fg"ncu"ocpqu"ug"owgxgp"rqt"vqfq"gn"ewgtrq"eqoq"uk"hwgtcp"iqvcu"fg"
ciwc"*gn"ciwc+0"
̇ Ocuclgu"eqp"vqfc"nc"rcnoc"fg"ncu"ocpqu"{"jcekgpfq"oqxkokgpvqu"tqvcvkxqu"
*gplcdqpcfq+0"
̇ Nqu"fgfqu"fg"ncu"ocpqu"ug"owgxgp"eqoq"uk"hwgtcp"iqvcu"fg"ciwc"*gn"ciwc+0"
"
50
"
̇ Ncu"ocpqu"cdkgtvcu"vqecpfq"gn"ewgtrq"eqoq"uk"hwgug"wpc"vqcnnc"*ugecfq+0"
̇ Ncu"ocpqu"cdkgtvcu"tgcnk|cpfq"oqxkokgpvqu"cuegpfgpvgu"{"fguegpfgpvgu"*eqoq"
uk"rwukfitcoqu"etgoc"eqtrqtcn+0"
̇ Wp"cdtc|q"q"Åcwvqcdtc|qÇ"*eqoq"uk"hwgtc"gn"cndqtpq|+0"
Gn"rtqhguqt"q"rtqhguqtc"rtgiwpvct "c"nqu"cnwopqu"e„oq"ug"ukgpvgp."swfi"ngu"jc"iwuvcfq."swfi"
pq"ngu"jc"iwuvcfq"vcpvq"{"ngu"cpkoct "c"swg"rwgfcp"rtcevkectnq"eqp"uwu"ugtgu"swgtkfqu0"
Nc"eclc"fg"nqu"chgevqu"
Nc" eclc" fg" nqu" chgevqu" gu" wpc" rtqrwguvc" swg" c{wfc" c" fgurngict" guvtcvgikcu" fg" tgncek„p" {"
crtqzkocek„p" jcekc" wpq" okuoq" {" jcekc" nqu" fgo u." fgucttqnncpfq" rt evkecu" eqowpkecvkxcu"
xgtdcngu"{"pq"xgtdcngu"cu "eqoq"rqvgpekcpfq"wpc"dwgpc"cwvqguvkoc0"
Gn" rtqhguqt" oquvtct " wpc" eclc" fgeqtcfc" eqp" vqpqu" enctqu" {" cvtcevkxqu" {" gp" gnnc" ug"
fgrqukvct p" vqfcu" ncu" rqukdngu" ocpgtcu" fg" oquvtct" chgevqu0" Guvq" ug" rwgfg" jcegt"
fgrqukvcpfq"ogpuclgu"guetkvqu."hqvqitch cu."qdlgvqu."gve0"Nc"eclc"ug"cdtkt "gp"nqu"oqogpvqu"
gp"swg"ug"pgegukvg"vtcuokvkt"owguvtcu"fg"chgevq."guvkocek„p"{"ectk‚q"c"cniwkgp0"
Fghkgpfg"vwu"fgtgejqu"
Gp"guvc"cevkxkfcf"nqu"pk‚qu"{"pk‚cu"kfgpvkhkect p"nqu"eqorqtvcokgpvqu"cugtvkxqu."citgukxqu"{"
uwokuqu0"Gp"rtkogt"nwict"gn"rtqhguqt"rgfkt "c"nqu"cnwopqu"swg"dwuswgp"kphqtocek„p"uqdtg"
nqu" eqpegrvqu" ÅcugtvkxqÇ." ÅcitgukxqÇ" {" ÅuwokuqÇ0" Rctc" gnnq" rwgfgp" rtgiwpvct." dwuect"
kphqtocek„p"rqt"Kpvgtpgv."eqpuwnvct"nkdtqu."gve0"
Rquvgtkqtogpvg" ug" gzrqpg" gp" itcp" itwrq" nc" fghkpkek„p" fg" ecfc" eqpegrvq" rctc" eqorctvkt"
gpvtg"vqfqu"gn"okuoq"ukipkhkecfq0"Gp"rgswg‚qu"itwrqu"fg"vtcdclq."nqu"cnwopqu"vgpft p"swg"
dwuect"glgornqu"fg"nqu"vtgu"vkrqu"fg"eqorqtvcokgpvq"{"igpgtct"wpc"nkuvc"fg"gnnqu0""
Hkpcnogpvg." ug" rqpgp" gp" rt evkec" rqt" rctglcu" *wpc" fgncpvg" fg" nc" qvtc+" ecfc" wpq" fg" nqu"
eqorqtvcokgpvqu"swg"jcp"fkejq"nqu"fgo u"itwrqu"{"guvqu"fgdgp"encukhkectnqu"ugi¿p"ugc"wp"
eqorqtvcokgpvq" citgukxq." uwokuq" q" cugtvkxq0" Rqt" glgornq" oktctug" c" nqu" qlqu" cn" jcdnct"
*cugtvkxq+."ejknnct"*citgukxq+"q"dclct"nc"ecdg|c"*uwokuq+0"
Wpc" xg|" xkxgpekcfq" c" pkxgn" fg" itwrq." gu" kpvgtgucpvg" eqpqegt" e„oq" ug" jcp" ugpvkfq" nqu"
cnwopqu" cpvg" nqu" vtgu" vkrqu" fg" eqorqtvcokgpvq" {" xcnqtct" nqu" eqorqtvcokgpvqu" o u"
rqukvkxqu"rctc"ncu"tgncekqpgu"uqekcngu"{"nc"cwvqguvkoc0"
" "
"
51
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Chgevqu"
Gp" guvc" rtqrwguvc" nqu" cnwopqu" gzrtguct p" uwu" ugpvkokgpvqu" {" goqekqpgu" rqukvkxcu" c" nqu"
eqorc‚gtqu" {" eqorc‚gtcu" fg" encug0" Gu" korqtvcpvg" rqvgpekct" gn" guhwgt|q" {" nc" kornkecek„p"
rctc" rctvkekrct" gp" guvg" vkrq" fg" cevkxkfcfgu0" Gn" rtqhguqt" rtqewtct " vcodkfip" swg" gpvtg" gnnqu"
guvfip"nqu"cnwopqu"ogpqu"rqrwnctgu"q"kpenwuq"tgejc|cfqu"rqt"rctvg"fgn"itwrq0"
Ug" qticpk|c" gn" itwrq" rqt" rctglcu." c" gueqigt" rqt" gn"cnwopcfq0" Vqfqu" vgpft p" wpc" rctglc0"
Ug"jcegp"fqu"e tewnqu."wp"e tewnq"kpvgtkqt"{"wp"e tewnq"gzvgtkqt"gp"gn"swg"ncu"rctglcu"guv p"
wpc"cn"htgpvg"fg"nc"qvtc0"Rtkogtq"gorkg|c"gn"e tewnq"gzvgtkqt<"fwtcpvg"52"ugiwpfqu"vgpgoqu"
swg" fgektng" c" nc" rgtuqpc" swg" vgpgoqu" fgncpvg" vqfq" nq" swg" ugpvkoqu" rqukvkxcogpvg" jcekc"
gnnc0"Nc"qvtc"rgtuqpc"uqnq"guewejc."pq"jcdnc0"
«El masaje es también una buena práctica para fortalecer

vínculos afectivos con uno mismo y con los demás y
desarrollar una buena autoestima.»
Rquvgtkqtogpvg." vtcpuewttkfqu" nqu" 52" ugiwpfqu." nc" qvtc" rgtuqpc" rwgfg" citcfgegtng"
*fkekfipfqng"itcekcu."f pfqng"wp"crtgv„p"fg"ocpqu."wp"cdtc|q."gve0+"nqu"ogpuclgu"rqukvkxqu"
tgekdkfqu0" Fgurwfiu" ug" tgcnk|ct " nq" okuoq" fcpfq" vwtpq" cn" e tewnq" kpvgtkqt0" Nqu" fqu" e tewnqu"
tqvct p" eqp" nc" hkpcnkfcf" fg" swg" ug" gpewgpvtgp" qvtcu" rctglcu" {" ug" tgrkvc" gn" rtqeguq0" Gu"
kpvgtgucpvg" eqpqegt" e„oq" ug" jcp" ugpvkfq" nqu" cnwopqu." swfi" ogpuclgu" jcp" tgekdkfq." swfi"
eqorc‚gtq"q"eqorc‚gtc"ngu"jc"uqtrtgpfkfq."gve0"
Nc"tcfkq"
Guvc" cevkxkfcf" c{wfc" c" fgucttqnnct" jcdknkfcfgu" fg" guewejc" gor vkec." c" kfgpvkhkect" {"
tgeqpqegt"ugpvkokgpvqu"{"goqekqpgu"fg"nqu"fgo u."{"c"guvcdngegt"eqowpkecek„p"uqekcn0"Nqu"
cnwopqu" ug" rqpgp" rqt" rctglcu" {" ug" ukgpvcp" fg" gurcnfcu0" Gn" rtqhguqt" kpfkect " swg" fgdgp"
ukownct" wpc" tcfkq0" Eqoq" uk" guvwxkgtcp" gp" wp" rtqitcoc" tcfkqh„pkeq." pq" rwgfgp" xgtug" pk"
oktctug."uqnq"jcdnct"{"guewejct0"
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eqowpkect"nc"pqvkekc"{"gn"q{gpvg"c"guewejct0"
Gn"q{gpvg"uqnq"kpvgtxgpft "ewcpfq"gn"nqewvqt"ng"ffi"rgtokuq"rctc"jcegtnq"eqoq"kpxkvcfq"fg"nc"
vgtvwnkc0" Rquvgtkqtogpvg" ug" kpvgtecodkct p" nqu" tqngu0" Gzrqpgoqu" cniwpcu" rtgiwpvcu" c"
tghngzkqpct"rqt"rctglcu"{"gp"itcp"itwrq0""
"
52
"
̇ ½Swfi"tqn"vg"jc"iwuvcfq"o uA"½Rqt"swfiA"½Swfi"pq"vg"jc"iwuvcfq"fgn"qvtq"tqnA"
̇ ½E„oq"vg"ukgpvgu"ewcpfq"vg"jcdncp"ukp"oktctvg"{"cn"pq"rqfgt"xgt"nqu"iguvqu"fg"nc"
qvtc"rgtuqpcA"
̇ ½Swfi"vg"ewguvc"o u."guewejct"q"jcdnctA"½Rqt"swfiA"
Swkfip"uq{"{"swkfip"gtgu"
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kfgpvkhkect" {" tgeqpqegt" ncu" goqekqpgu" rtqrkcu" {" clgpcu." eqowpkect" {" fkcnqict" eqp" nqu"
eqorc‚gtqu"{"eqorc‚gtcu"fg"encug0"
Guvc" cevkxkfcf" vkgpg" wp" tgswkukvq" rtgxkq0" Ecfc" cnwopq" q" cnwopc"fg" nc" encug" fgdg" gueqigt"
vtgu" qdlgvqu" rgtuqpcngu" swg" c{wfgp" c" kfgpvkhkectng" eqoq" rgtuqpc0" Rwgfgp" ugt" qdlgvqu"
hcxqtkvqu."tgewgtfqu."equcu"fg"wuq"eqvkfkcpq."gve0"Ecfc"cnwopq"vtcgt "wpc"eclc"eqp"uwu"vtgu"
qdlgvqu0"Rctc"gnnq."pq"rwgfgp"xgt"swkfip"fgrqukvc"nc"eclkvc"fgpvtq"fg"wpc"itcp"eclc0"
Nqu"cnwopqu"ug"ukgpvcp"gp"e tewnq"{"xcp"ucecpfq"ecfc"wpc"fg"ncu"eclkvcu0"Ecfc"wpq"cdtkt "

wpc" {." tgurgvcpfq" gn" vwtpq." kt " fguetkdkgpfq" nqu" qdlgvqu" swg" guv p" gp" nc" eclc" {" fkt " gn"
pqodtg"fg"wpc"rqukdng"rgtuqpc"swg" ug"cugoglg" gp"uw"rgthkn"fguetkrvkxq0" Rqt" glgornq<"ÅC"
guvc"rgtuqpc"ng"iwuvcÈ."ug"fgdg"ugpvktÈ."etgq"swg"rwgfg"ugtÈÇ0"Wpc"xg|"fkejq"gn"pqodtg"
nqu"fgo u"rwgfgp"qrkpct0""
Cu "ug"jct "eqp"ecfc"wpc"fg"ncu"eclkvcu"rctc"swg"hkpcnogpvg"ecfc"rgtuqpc"fguewdtc"ew n"gu"

nc"uw{c"{"rqt"swfi"jc"gueqikfq"fkejqu" qdlgvqu0" Uk"ug"swkgtg"ug"rwgfg"wvknk|ct"n rk|"{"rcrgn"
rctc" tgeqigt" gp" hqtoc" fg" nkuvc." nqu" rqukdngu" rtqrkgvctkqu" fg" ncu" eclkvcu0" Gu" kpvgtgucpvg"
kpvgtecodkct"ncu"rtqrkcu"goqekqpgu"{"xkxgpekcu"gp"nc"tgcnk|cek„p"fg"guvc"cevkxkfcf0"
Nc"cfqnguegpekc"{"ncu"gzrgtkgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"
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nc"cfqnguegpekc"gu"wpc"gvcrc"gxqnwvkxc"swg"fgdg"ugt"tgeqpqekfc."eqortgpfkfc"{"cegrvcfc"
rqt" nqu" cfwnvqu0" Nqu" cfqnguegpvgu" pgegukvcp" c" nqu" cfwnvqu" rctc" eqpuvtwktug" kpvgitcnogpvg"
eqoq"rgtuqpcu"{"rctc"uw"rtgrctcek„p"rctc"nc"xkfc"kpfgrgpfkgpvg0"
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gpewgpvtc"gpvtg"nc"kphcpekc"{"nc"xkfc"cfwnvc0"Gu"wp"rgt qfq"rctc"crtgpfgt"c"eqpxgtvktug"gp"
cfwnvq."pq"rctc"eqpxgtvktug"gp"wp"cfqnguegpvg"eqp"fizkvq0"Rqt"gnnq"pqu"tghgtktgoqu"c"cniwpqu"
curgevqu" swg" xkxg" gn" cfqnguegpvg" {" swg" pgegukvcp" fgn" crq{q" fg" swkfip" ng" tqfgc" {" fg" nc"
gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"
"
53
"
Nc" cfqnguegpekc" gu" u pvqoc" fg" kpguvcdknkfcf" goqekqpcn0" Gp" guc" gfcf." nqu" l„xgpgu" rcucp"
u¿dkvcogpvg" fg" nc" fgugurgtcek„p" c" nc" gwhqtkc." fgn" gpcoqtcokgpvq" c" nc" ewnrc." fgn"
cdwttkokgpvq"c"nc"gzekvcek„p0"Ncu"goqekqpgu"guv p"gp"eqpuvcpvg"ecodkq"{"uk"pq"ug"ngu"c{wfc"
c"tgiwnctncu."ncu"eqpfwevcu"rwgfgp"tguwnvct"korwnukxcu"{"fgueqpvtqncfcu0"
Gn" cfqnguegpvg" ug" ekgttc" gp" u " okuoq." ug" xwgnxg" giqefipvtkeq." guv " vcp" rtgqewrcfq" rqt" uw"
rtqrkc"rgtuqpc"swg"vkgpfg"eqp"htgewgpekc"c"pq"eqpukfgtct"nc"rgturgevkxc"clgpc0"Vqfqu"guvqu"
eqpuvkvw{gp"curgevqu"swg"fc‚cp"uwu"tgncekqpgu"uqekcngu"{"uw"cwvqguvkoc0"
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fkogpukqpgu" fg" uw" kfgpvkfcf." cegrvct." gzrgtkogpvct" {" tgiwnct" uw" ugzwcnkfcf." crtgpfgt" c"
wvknk|ct" eqp" hngzkdknkfcf" uwu" pwgxcu" ecrcekfcfgu" eqipkvkxcu." chtqpvct" nc" rtguk„p" fg" nqu"
eqorc‚gtqu" {" nc" rtguk„p" gueqnct0" Fgdg" rqpgt" c" rtwgdc" uw" ecrcekfcf" fg" chtqpvcokgpvq."
equc"pcfc"h ekn0"Rqt"vqfq"gnnq."gn"cfwnvq"pq"fgdg"fguxkpewnctug"fgn"cfqnguegpvg."{c"swg"guvg"
c¿p"nq"pgegukvc0"
«La adolescencia es un período para aprender a

convertirse en adulto, no para convertirse en un
adolescente con éxito.»
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cfwnvq" guvfi" c" uw" ncfq" cpvg" nqu" oqogpvqu" fg" etkuku" {" xwnpgtcdknkfcf." cwpswg" gp" cniwpqu"
oqogpvqu" ukgpvc" swg" gn" cfqnguegpvg" nq" tgejc|c" {" owguvtg" fgueqphkcp|c" jcekc" fin0" Gp" guvg"
ugpvkfq."nqu"rcftgu"{"gn"rtqhguqtcfq"lwgicp"wp"rcrgn"ow{"korqtvcpvg"rctc"cugiwtct"swg"gn"
cfqnguegpvg" ug" eqpxkgtvc" gp" wp" cfwnvq" goqekqpcnogpvg" kpvgnkigpvg." ukp" rcuct" rqt" cnvq" gn"
qhtgegtng"coqt."jwoqt."n okvgu"{"eqowpkecek„p0"
Rctc" o u" kphqtocek„p" uqdtg" rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" egpvtcfqu" gp" nc"
cfqnguegpekc." eqpuwnvct" gn" crctvcfq" ÅUGCN" gp" gfwecek„p" ugewpfctkc" *3³" fg" GUQ+Ç" fgn"
ecr vwnq" 9" fg" guvg" kphqtog." ÅKorngogpvcek„p" fg" gphqswgu" inqdcngu" gp" gn" Rtqitcoc" UGCN"
*Uqekcn" cpf" Goqvkqpcn" Curgevu" qh" Ngctpkpi+" fgn" Tgkpq" WpkfqÇ0" Cukokuoq." rctc" cornkct"
eqpqekokgpvqu" uqdtg" gn" CUG" gp" ncu" cwncu." eqpuwnvct" gn" ecr vwnq" 33." ÅTghgtgpekcu"
dkdnkqit hkecu"rctc"nc"rt evkecÇ0""
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Dkdnkqitch c"
Dkuswgttc."T0"*Eqqtf0+0"*4232+0"Nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"nc"rt evkec0"Dctegnqpc<"Keg/Jqtuqtk0"
Ectrgpc."C0"*4226+0"Gfwecek„p"uqekqgoqekqpcn"gp"nc"gvcrc"fg"rtkoctkc0"Dctegnqpc<"Qevcgftq0"
Gnkcu."O0L0"Vqdkcu."U0G0."Htkgfncpfgt."D0U0"*3;;;+0"Gfwect"eqp"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Rnc|c"
Lcpfiu0"
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I„og|."L0"*4224+0"Gfwecek„"goqekqpcn"k"nngpiwcvig"gp"gn"octe"fg"nÓgueqnc."Dctegnqpc."Tquc"Ugpucv0"
N„rg|/Ecuu ."G0*4225+0"Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"Rtqitcoc"rctc"5/8"c‚qu0"Ocftkf<"Yqnvgtu"Mnwygt""
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Gfwecek„p"Ugewpf tkc"Qdnkicv tkc0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
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Tgpqo."C0"*Eqqtf0+0"Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"Rtqitcoc"rctc"nc"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Ujcrktq."N0G0"*3;;:+0"Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"nqu"pk‚qu0"Dctegnqpc<"Gfkekqpgu"D0"
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Xcnnfiu/Ctcpfkic."C0"*4222+0"Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"nqu"jklqu0"E„oq"fgucttqnnctnc0"Ocftkf<"GQU0"
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EL APRENDIZAJE SOCIAL Y EMOCIONAL EN EL MUNDO – JUAN CARLOS PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ
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70"Tgxkuk„p"fgn"crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcn"gp"
gn"owpfq"
Lwcp"Ectnqu"Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|""
ÅÑNc"Knwuvtcek„p"ukipkhkec"gn"cnglcokgpvq"fgn"jqodtg"fg"uw"kpocfwtg|"cwvqrtqxqecfc0"
Kpocfwtg|"gu"nc"kpecrcekfcf"fg"wuct"nc"rtqrkc"tc|„p"ukp"nc"iw c"fg"qvtc"rgtuqpc0"Guvc"
kpocfwtg|"gu"cwvqrtqxqecfc"ewcpfq"uw"ecwuc"pq"gu"nc"hcnvc"fg"kpvgnkigpekc."ukpq"nc"hcnvc"fg"
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fg"nc"Knwuvtcek„p0Ñ"Kpocpwgn"Mcpv."39:6="½Swfi"gu"nc"Knwuvtcek„pA"
Kpvtqfweek„p"
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kpvgtkqt" dtwvq" *RKD+." guv " gp" itcp" rctvg" cuqekcfq" eqp" ncu" ectcevgt uvkecu" fg" uw" Åecrkvcn"
jwocpqÇ."{."o u"eqpetgvcogpvg."fg"uw"Åecrkvcn"eqipkvkxqÇ."ogfkfq."rqt"glgornq."rqt"vguvu"
guvcpfctk|cfqu" fg" kpvgnkigpekc" igpgtcn" q" rqt" tguwnvcfqu" gp" gxcnwcekqpgu" fg" tgpfkokgpvq"
cecffiokeq"eqoq"RKUC"*Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|"gv"cn0."4233+0""
Ukp" godctiq." gn" ogtq" fgucttqnnq" geqp„okeq" fg" nqu" rc ugu" pq" rctgeg" ugt" wp" qdlgvkxq" fg"
rtqitguq" uwhkekgpvg" swg" eqpvgpvg" c" nqu" ekwfcfcpqu" fg" jq{" gp" f c." {" cu " ug" fgurtgpfg" fgn"
jgejq" fg" swg" tgekgpvgogpvg" ug" xkgpg" tgkxkpfkecpfq." fgufg" fkuvkpvqu" rwpvqu" fgn" inqdq." nc"
fgfkecek„p" fg" nqu" qticpkuoqu" kpvgtpcekqpcngu" c" rtqoqxgt" gn" kpetgogpvq" fg" nqu" pkxgngu" fg"
dkgpguvct"q"fg"hgnkekfcf"fg"nqu"rc ugu"*Dctvqnkpk."4232="Octmu."4233+0""
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Fgn" okuoq" oqfq" swg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" fg" nqu" kpfkxkfwqu" rctgeg" eqpvtkdwkt" c" nc"
oglqtc"fg"uw"dkgpguvct"{"ucnwf"ogpvcn"*Octvkpu"gv"cn0."4232="Rgvtkfgu"gv"cn0."4229+."tguwnvc"
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cn"ogpqu"rctekcnogpvg."eqp"gn"fg"dkgpguvct"q"hgnkekfcf"ocpkhguvcfq"rqt"uwu"ekwfcfcpqu0""
Dclq" guvc"jkr„vguku."cswgnnqu"rc ugu"swg"rtqowgxcp"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"rqft cp"guvct"

igpgtcpfq" wp" ghgevq" fqokp„" uqdtg" nqu" pkxgngu" fg" oqvkxcek„p." cwvqeqpvtqn." {" dkgpguvct" q"
hgnkekfcf" fg" nc" ekwfcfcp c" swg" ug" crtgekctc" kpenwuq" c" guecnc" fg" pcekqpgu0" C" uw" xg|." nc"
kpxgtuk„p" gp" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn." vcodkfip" jkrqvfivkecogpvg." rqft c" tgfwpfct" gp" wpc"
oglqtc"fg"nc"ecnkfcf"{"nc"rtqfwevkxkfcf"fg"nqu"tgewtuqu"jwocpqu"fgn"rc u."eqoq"jc"nngicfq"
c"uwigtkt"Lcogu"Jgemocp."Rtgokq"Pqdgn"fg"Geqpqo c"*Jgemocp"{"Ocuvgtqx."4226+"
«Los países que promuevan la educación emocional podrían estar

generando un efecto dominó sobre los niveles de motivación,
autocontrol y bienestar de la ciudadanía.»
Gp" ewcnswkgt" ecuq." nc" kpxguvkicek„p" jcuvc" nc" hgejc" uwikgtg" swg" ukp" wp" rncp" gzrn ekvq" fg"
kpvgtxgpek„p" gp" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn." rctgeg" swg" nqu" ghgevqu" fg" nc" guewgnc" uqdtg" gn"
fgucttqnnq"fg"xctkcdngu"uqekqchgevkxcu"eqoq."rqt"glgornq."nc"cwvqguvkoc."uqp"rt evkecogpvg"
pwnqu" *Owtknnq" {" Jgtp pfg|." 4233+0" Guvq" pq" gu" fg" gzvtc‚ct" fcfq" swg." cn" eqpvtctkq" swg"
qewttg"eqp"ncu"cukipcvwtcu"fg"ocvgo vkecu"q"ngpiwc."gp"nc"cornkc"oc{qt c"fg"ncu"guewgncu"
fg" vqfq" gn" owpfq" pq" ug" fgfkec" pk" wp" okpwvq." gp" nc" rtqitcocek„p" ewttkewnct" ugocpcn." c"
cevkxkfcfgu"fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0""
Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"xu0"cnhcdgvk|cek„p"goqekqpcn"
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eqpqekokgpvqu"fgn"cnhcdgvq0" Nc" gfwecek„p"gu"vqfq" guq"{."cn"okuoq"vkgorq."uw"hkpcnkfcf"gu"
ugpeknncogpvg"c{wfct"c"crtgpfgt."hceknkvct"gn"crtgpfk|clg."pcfc"o u"{"pcfc"ogpqu"*Cpc{c."
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jc"fg"rtqoqxgt"nc"ocfwtg|"goqekqpcn"{"pq"u„nq"nc"Åcnhcdgvk|cek„pÇ"goqekqpcn0"
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Fg"nq"cpvgtkqt"ug"fgtkxc"swg"gn"vfitokpq"Ågfwecek„p"goqekqpcnÇ"gu"o u"cornkq"g"kpenwukxq"
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fkhgtgpekc0" Pq" qduvcpvg." gn" ngevqt" fgdg" ucdgt" swg" nc" oc{qt" rtqfweek„p" g" kpxguvkicek„p"
ekgpv hkecu" gp" guvg" tgc" ug"rwdnkec"gp"kpinfiu."{" rtgekucogpvg" gp" gn" odkvq"cpinqucl„p" uqp"
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Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"ugpvkfq"nczq"xu0"gp"ugpvkfq"tguvtkpikfq"
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gfwecvkxq" {" rtgxgpvkxq" ctvkewncfq" uqdtg" rtqitcocu" ew{q" eqogvkfq" gu" fgucttqnnct" nc"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" {1q" ncu" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" q" uqekqgoqekqpcngu" *Rfitg|/
Iqp| ng|."422:+0"
Nc"gzrtguk„p"Åcrtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcnÇ"*CUG+"jc"ukfq"rqrwnctk|cfc"rqt"nc"cuqekcek„p"
guvcfqwpkfgpug" Eqnncdqtcvkxg" hqt" Cecfgoke." Uqekcn" cpf" Goqvkqpcn" Ngctpkpi" *ECUGN+." eqp"
ugfg" gp"nc"Wpkxgtukv{" qh"Ejkeciq."rtkogtc"kpuvkvwek„p"korwnuqtc"c"pkxgn"kpvgtpcekqpcn"fg"nc"
gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Guvc" gzrtguk„p" gu." gp" tgcnkfcf." wpc" hqtoc"cdtgxkcfc" fg" tghgtktug" cn"
Åcrtgpfk|clg" fg" eqorgvgpekcu" uqekqgoqekqpcnguÇ." {" ug" gorngc" eqoq" vfitokpq" dtgxg" swg"
tghnglc" gn" gphqswg" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" q" uqekqgoqekqpcn" fg" nc" cuqekcek„p" ECUGN"
*Eqjgp."4228+0"
«El ASE es un concepto paraguas, multifacético, que engloba

diversos tipos de competencias sociales y emocionales.»
Gn"CUG"ug"fghkpg"eqoq"Ågn"rtqeguq"c"vtcxfiu"fgn"ewcn"crtgpfgoqu"c"tgeqpqegt"{"c"ocpglct"
ncu"goqekqpgu."c"ewkfct"fg"nqu"fgo u."c"jcegt"dwgpcu"fgekukqpgu."c"eqorqtvctpqu"fg"hqtoc"
fivkec" {" tgurqpucdng." c" fgucttqnnct" tgncekqpgu" rqukvkxcu." {" c" gxkvct" eqorqtvcokgpvqu"
pgicvkxquÇ"*¥kpu"gv"cn0."4226+0""
Gu" korqtvcpvg" vgpgt" gp" ewgpvc" swg" gn" CUG" gu" wp" eqpegrvq" rctciwcu." ownvkhcefivkeq." swg"
gpinqdc"fkxgtuqu"vkrqu" fg" eqorgvgpekcu" uqekcngu"{" goqekqpcngu."rgtq"vcodkfip"cevkvwfgu" {"
fkurqukekqpgu" oqtcngu0" Gn" CUG" gu" wp" vfitokpq" eqnqswkcn" ¿vkn" rctc" tghgtktpqu" cn" eqplwpvq" fg"
crtgpfk|clgu"fg"eqpqekokgpvqu."cevkvwfgu"{"eqorgvgpekcu"fg"ect evgt"pq"eqipkvkxq."rgtq"pq"
gu"tgcnogpvg"wp"eqpuvtwevq"ekgpv hkeq"fg"kpvgtrtgvcek„p"wp xqec"rctc"gn"swg"ug"fkurqpic"fg"
wpc" fghkpkek„p" qrgtcekqpcn" q" kpuvtwogpvq" fg" ogfkfc0" Fg" jgejq." rt evkecogpvg" pq" gzkuvgp"
kpuvtwogpvqu"fg"gxcnwcek„p"fgn"CUG"eqoq"vcn"*rctc"wpc"gzegrek„p"xgt"Eqt{p"gv"cn0."422;+0"
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4229+0"
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CUG" gu" gpvgpfgt"nc"gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn"gp"ugpvkfq"nczq."gp"nc"swg"ecuk"ewcnswkgt"vkrq"fg"
kpvgtxgpek„p" gfwecvkxc" rtgxgpvkxc" q" fg" fgucttqnnq" rgtuqpcn" rwgfg" vgpgt" ecdkfc." eqoq" nc"
gfwecek„p"rctc"nc"ekwfcfcp c."nc"gfwecek„p"oqtcn"q"nc"gfwecek„p" rctc"nc"ucnwf0" Gpvgpfkfc"
cu ." swg" gu" eqoq" jcdkvwcnogpvg" ug" gpvkgpfg." nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gu" wp" gphqswg"
gfwecvkxq" eqortgjgpukxq" swg" vtcvc" fg" cinwvkpct" pwogtququ" {" jgvgtqifipgqu" rtqitcocu."
fgufg"nqu"swg"ug"fktkigp"c"hqtoct"gp"jcdknkfcfgu"uqekcngu."rcucpfq"rqt"nqu"rtqitcocu"fg"
oqfkhkecek„p"eqipkvkxq/eqpfwevwcngu"q"nqu"rtqitcocu"fg"jcdknkfcfgu"fg"vqoc"fg"fgekukqpgu."
jcuvc" nqu" rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" rctc" nc" fgoqetcekc." q" nqu" rtqitcocu" fg" rtgxgpek„p"
htgpvg"cn"uwkekfkq."nc"xkqngpekc"q"gn"eqpuwoq"fg"ftqicu"*Iqgv|"gv"cn0."4227+0"
Nc"korqtvcpekc"fg"nc"gxcnwcek„p"gp"gfwecek„p"
Gp" tgcu" eqoq" nc" ogfkekpc." ncu" rt evkecu" gor tkecogpvg" eqpvtcuvcfcu" eqoq" o u" ghkecegu"
xcp"rtqitgukxcogpvg"uwrncpvcpfq"c"ncu"ogpqu"ghkecegu0"Guvg"gu"gn"ugetgvq"swg"rgtokvg"nc"
oglqtc" eqpvkpwc" gp" ewcnswkgt" tgc" fg" cevkxkfcf" jwocpc." {c" ugc" c" pkxgn" rgtuqpcn." uqekcn."
rqn vkeq."ncdqtcn."qticpk|cekqpcn."geqp„okeq."gve0"
«Las evidencias empíricas acerca de la eficacia y los beneficios de

programas de educación emocional son abrumadoras.»
Gp"gfwecek„p"gu"kiwcnogpvg"xkvcn"gxcnwct"nq"swg"ug"jceg."rwgu"uqnq"fg"guvg"oqfq"ug"rwgfg"
eqpvct" eqp" dcugu" eqphkcdngu" c" rctvkt" fg" ncu" ewcngu" hwpfcogpvct" ncu" fgekukqpgu" fktkikfcu" c"
oglqtct"ncu"rt evkecu"gfwecvkxcu0"Rqt"vcpvq."ncu"rqn vkecu"{"ncu"rt evkecu"gfwecvkxcu"fgdgt cp"
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fg"eqpukfgtcek„p"*Uncxkp."422:+0""
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kpxguvkicek„p" rtgxkc" uqdtg" gxcnwcek„p" fg" rtqitcocu." ukpq" swg." cfgo u." kpenw{c" gpvtg" uwu"
rtqr„ukvqu" nc" tgcnk|cek„p" fg" wp" ogvkewnquq" rncp" fg" gxcnwcek„p" *Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|." 422:+0" Nc"
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rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" eqpuvkvw{g" nc" ¿pkec" hwgpvg" fivkecogpvg" n ekvc" rctc"
hwpfcogpvct"fgekukqpgu"fg"tghqtoc"q"kppqxcek„p"gfwecvkxc"gp"guvc"ocvgtkc0"
Gp" eqplwpvq." ncu" gxkfgpekcu" gor tkecu" cegtec" fg" nc" ghkecekc" {" nqu" dgpghkekqu" fg" rtqitcocu"
fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn"gp" ugpvkfq"nczq"uqp"cdtwocfqtcu." eqoq"nq"fgowguvtcp"o¿nvkrngu"
guvwfkqu" *Fkgmuvtc." 422:=" Fwtncm" gv" cn0." 4233=" ¥kpu" gv" cn0." 4226+0" Gp" nc" hkiwtc" 3" ug"
tgrtgugpvcp"it hkecogpvg"nqu"rc ugu"eqp"kpkekcvkxcu"fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"ugpvkfq"nczq"
ugi¿p" nqu" Kphqtogu" fg" Gxcnwcek„p" Kpvgtpcekqpcn" fg" nc" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" {" Uqekcn" fg" nc"
Hwpfcek„p"Octegnkpq"Dqv p"422:"{"4233."{"nc"ugeek„p"ÅUGN"Cetquu"vjg"InqdgÇ"fg"nc"ygd"fg"
nc"cuqekcek„p"ECUGN0"
"
Figura 1. Países con iniciativas de educación emocional «en sentido laxo» según informes
internacionales0"
Rqt" qvtq" ncfq." ug" rwgfg" gpvgpfgt" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gp" ugpvkfq" tguvtkpikfq." eqoq"
Ågfwecek„p" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcnÇ." gp" ew{q" ecuq" ncu" kpvgtxgpekqpgu" xcp" fktkikfcu"
gurge hkecogpvg" c" oglqtct" nqu" pkxgngu" fg" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" fg" nqu" guvwfkcpvgu0" Guvc"
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ekgpv hkeq"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn."fg"oqfq"swg"nc"gxcnwcek„p"fg"nc"ghkecekc"fg"wp"rtqitcoc"
fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" cu " eqpegdkfc" guvct c" rtkpekrcnogpvg" dcucfc" gp" nc" ogfkfc" fg"
ecodkqu"gp"nqu"pkxgngu"fg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"nqu"fguvkpcvctkqu"fgn"rtqitcoc"*itwrq"
gzrgtkogpvcn+"{"gp"uw"eqorctcek„p"eqp"nqu"pkxgngu"fg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"swkgpgu"pq"
"
60
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Pgnku"gv"cn0."422;+0"
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Gp" tguwogp." eqpvcoqu" eqp" uqdtcfcu" gxkfgpekcu" fg" swg" fkxgtucu" eqorgvgpekcu" uqekcngu" {"
goqekqpcngu" ug" rwgfgp" fgucttqnnct" c" vtcxfiu" fg" kpvgtxgpekqpgu" gueqnctgu" *Fkgmuvtc." 422:="
Fwtncm" gv" cn0." 4233+" {" gzvtcgueqnctgu" *Fwtncm"gv" cn0." 4232+." g" kpenwuq" ogfkcpvg" gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn" fg" rcftgu" *Cndtkijv" {" Ygkuudgti." 422;=" Jcxkijwtuv" gv" cn0." 4226+0" Vcodkfip"
eqpvcoqu" eqp" gxkfgpekcu" fg" swg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" ug" rwgfg" oglqtct" c" vtcxfiu" fg"
rtqitcocu" fg" kpvgtxgpek„p" gfwecvkxc." rgtq" gp" guvg" ecuq" ncu" gxkfgpekcu" o u" pqvcdngu" uqp"
ow{"tgekgpvgu"{"guv p"vqfcx c"c"nc"gurgtc"fg"swg"ug"tgrnkswgp"rqt"itwrqu"fg"kpxguvkicek„p"
kpfgrgpfkgpvgu"*Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|."422:+0"
«Hay evidencias de que diversas competencias sociales y

emocionales se pueden desarrollar a través de intervenciones
escolares y extraescolares, y con educación emocional de padres.»
C" eqpvkpwcek„p" fguvcectgoqu" cniwpqu" glgornqu" fg" kpxguvkicekqpgu" c" nq" nctiq" {" cpejq" fgn"
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eqogp|cpfq" rqt" gn" eqpvkpgpvg" o u" cnglcfq" cn" pwguvtq" {" ugiwkfcogpvg" pqu" xcoqu"
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fguvcecfc" eqpvtkdwek„p" fg" kpxguvkicfqtgu" cwuvtcnkcpqu." crgpcu" jc{" glgornqu" fg" guvwfkqu"
gurge hkecogpvg" egpvtcfqu" gp" nc" gxcnwcek„p" fg" rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Wpc"
gzegrek„p"pqvcdng"gu"gn"vtcdclq"fg"Jcxkijwtuv"gv"cn0"*4226+0"Guvcu"kpxguvkicfqtcu"gxcnwctqp"
wp" rtqitcoc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" *gp" ugpvkfq" nczq+" fg" rcftgu" {" ocftgu" fg" pk‚qu" {"
pk‚cu"gueqnctk|cfqu"gp"egpvtqu"fg"gfwecek„p"kphcpvkn0"
Gn" rtqitcoc" gxcnwcfq" rqt" Jcxkijwtuv" gv" cn0" *4226+" eqpukuvk„" gp" ugukqpgu" rt evkecu" fqpfg"
nqu" rcftgu" tgcnk|cdcp" itwrqu" fg" fkuewuk„p." vqtogpvcu" fg" kfgcu." glgtekekqu" gp" rgswg‚q"
"
61
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itwrq."cpcnk|cdcp"glgornqu"gp"xkfgq."fgoquvtcekqpgu"{"tqng/rnc{u"fqpfg"ug"tgrtgugpvcdcp"
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jqtc"fg"tgurqpfgt"c"ncu"pgegukfcfgu"{"gzrtgukqpgu"goqekqpcngu"fg"nqu"jklqu0"Cfgo u."nqu"
rcftgu" vgp cp" cevkxkfcfgu" rctc" ecuc" gpvtg" ncu" swg" ug" gpeqpvtcdc" nc" qdugtxcek„p" fg" ncu"
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fg"nqu"jklqu." {"nqu"pk‚qu"oquvtctqp"ogpqu"goqekqpcnkfcf"pgicvkxc"{"vwxkgtqp" tgfweekqpgu"
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eqorqtvcokgpvq0" Eqoq" nkokvcek„p" fg" guvc" kpxguvkicek„p" fguvcec" gn" jgejq" fg" swg" pq" ug"
eqpv„" eqp" wpc" owguvtc" eqpvtqn" rctc" uw" eqorctcek„p" eqp" nc" owguvtc" gzrgtkogpvcn" swg"
tgekdk„"gn"rtqitcoc0"
Cofitkec"
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korwnuq"fg"nc"kpxguvkicek„p"uqdtg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn."jcuvc"nc"hgejc"crgpcu"ug"rwgfcp"
fguvcect"guvwfkqu"pqtvgcogtkecpqu"egpvtcfqu"gp"nc"gxcnwcek„p"fg"rtqitcocu"fg"gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn"gp"ugpvkfq"tguvtkpikfq0"Wpc"gzegrek„p"gu"gn"vtcdclq"fg"Hgnnpgt"gv"cn0"*4229+0"Rctc"
wpc"tgxkuk„p"fg"gxkfgpekcu"gp"hcxqt"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"ugpvkfq"nczq"xficpug"nqu"
vtcdclqu"fg"Fwtncm"gv"cn0"*4232."4233+0""
«Algunos resultados sugieren que la parte de la inteligencia

emocional relativa a la percepción de emociones en expresiones
faciales, se puede mejorar con un entrenamiento adecuado.»
Eqoq"eqorngogpvq"c"guvqu"¿nvkoqu"vtcdclqu."ecdg"fguvcect"gn"guvwfkq"tgekgpvg"fg"Dtcemgvv"
gv" cn0" *4234+." gp" gn" swg" ug" gxcn¿c" wp" rtqitcoc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gp" ugpvkfq" nczq"
crnkecfq"gp"encugu"fg"swkpvq"{"ugzvq"fg"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc0"Guvg"rtqitcoc"vkgpg"cn"ogpqu"
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gn"ewtt ewnq"qtfkpctkq"fg"ncu"guewgncu0"Nqu"tguwnvcfqu"fg"Dtcemgvv"gv"cn0"*4234+"kpfkecp"swg"
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gueqnctgu."{"oc{qtgu"pkxgngu"fg"cfcrvcek„p"uqekqgueqnct"swg"swkgpgu"pq"nq"tgekdkgtqp0"
"
62
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Gp" gn" eqpvgzvq" fg" wpc" kpxguvkicek„p" ewcuk" gzrgtkogpvcn" uqdtg" ncu" tgncekqpgu" gpvtg"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" {" rgtegrek„p" hcekcn" fg" goqekqpgu." Hgnnpgt" gv" cn0" *4229+" crnkectqp" {"
gxcnwctqp" gn" Oketq/Gzrtguukqp" Vtckpkpi" Vcum" *OGVV+" fg" Rcwn" Gmocp." ecvgft vkeq" fg"
Rukeqnqi c"fg"nc"Wpkxgtukv{"qh"Ucp"Htcpekueq0"Gn"OGVV"gu"wp"rtqitcoc"dtgxg"*fg"ogpqu"fg"3"
jqtc+" fktkikfq" c" gpvtgpct" nc" ecrcekfcf" rctc" rgtekdkt" goqekqpgu" gp" rgswg‚cu" gzrtgukqpgu"
hcekcngu" fg" ow{" eqtvc" fwtcek„p" *422" oknkugiwpfqu+0" Nqu" tguwnvcfqu" kpfkectqp" swg" ug"
rtqfwe cp" oglqtcu" rtqitgukxcu" guvcf uvkecogpvg" ukipkhkecvkxcu" gp" guvc" ecrcekfcf." gpvtg" gn"
oqogpvq" rtgxkq" c" nc" crnkecek„p" fgn" rtqitcoc" {" gn" oqogpvq" fg" glgtekekqu" rt evkequ." {"
vcodkfip" gpvtg" gn" oqogpvq" fg" glgtekekqu" rt evkequ" {" gn" oqogpvq" rquvgtkqt" c" nc" crnkecek„p"
fgn" rtqitcoc0" Guvqu" tguwnvcfqu" uwikgtgp" swg" cn" ogpqu" wpc" rctvg" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn."nc"tgncvkxc"c"nc"rgtegrek„p"fg"goqekqpgu"gp"gzrtgukqpgu"hcekcngu."gu"uwuegrvkdng"
fg"oglqtc"c"vtcxfiu"fg"wp"gpvtgpcokgpvq"cfgewcfq0"
Gp" gn" eqpvgzvq" ncvkpqcogtkecpq" gu" c¿p" o u" kphtgewgpvg" jcnnct" guvwfkqu" fg" gxcnwcek„p" fg"
rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Ukp" godctiq." wpc" gzegrek„p" nc" eqpuvkvw{g" gn" vtcdclq"
fg" Uqvkn" gv" cn0" *422:+0" Gp" guvg" guvwfkq" ewcuk" gzrgtkogpvcn" ug" gxcn¿c" wp" rtqitcoc" fg"
gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"tguvtkpikfc"gp"cnwopqu"fg"ugzvq"fg"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc"fg"Rgt¿."{"ug"
wvknk|c" eqoq" kpfkecfqt" fg" nc" ghkecekc" fgn" rtqitcoc" wpc" ogfkfc" fg" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0"
Nqu" tguwnvcfqu" fgn" guvwfkq" fg" Uqvkn" gv" cn0" *422:+" owguvtcp" swg" gn" rtqitcoc" eqpukiwg"
oglqtct" nqu" pkxgngu" fg" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" fgn" itwrq" fg" cnwopqu" swg" tgekdkgtqp" gn"
rtqitcoc"htgpvg"c"nqu"swg"pq"nq"tgekdkgtqp0"
Cukc"
Vcorqeq" gp" gn" eqpvgzvq" cuk vkeq" uqp" eqpqekfcu" owejcu" gzrgtkgpekcu" fg" gxcnwcek„p" fg"
rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn." ucnxq" Ukpicrwt" *Hwpfcek„p" Dqv p." 422:+." uk" dkgp"
ogpekqpctgoqu"qvtqu"fqu"glgornqu"ukipkhkecvkxqu0"
Gp" Ejkpc." fgufg" gn" gphqswg" fg" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gp" ugpvkfq" nczq." ecdg" fguvcect" gn"
guvwfkq" tgekgpvg"fg"Mco"gv"cn0"*4233+."fqpfg" gxcn¿cp"wpc"cfcrvcek„p"cn"eqpvgzvq"gueqnct"
ejkpq" fgn" rtqitcoc" pqtvgcogtkecpq" RCVJU." wpq" fg" nqu" oglqt" cxcncfqu" gor tkecogpvg" {"
eqp" oc{qt" tgeqpqekokgpvq" rqt" nc" cuqekcek„p" ECUGN0" Nqu" cwvqtgu" gpeqpvtctqp" swg" vtcu" gn"
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guvc"kpxguvkicek„p"ug"ectgek„"fg"itwrq"eqpvtqn"q"fg"eqorctcek„p0"
Gp" Vwtsw c." Wnwvcu" {" £ogtqinw" *4229+" gxcnwctqp" wp" rtqitcoc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn"
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swg" nqu" cnwopqu" swg" tgekdkgtqp" gn" rtqitcoc" oquvtctqp" oc{qtgu" pkxgngu" fg" kpvgnkigpekc"
"
63
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cecffiokec"fgfkecfc"rtkpekrcnogpvg"c"guvg"ecorq0"
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kpxguvkicek„p" fktkikfq" rqt" Oq•tc" Okmqncl|cm." fg" nc" Wpkxgtukvfi" Ecvjqnkswg" fg" Nqwxckp." gp"
Dfinikec0"
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uguk„p" rqt" ugocpc" *Pgknu" gv" cn0" 422;+0" Fg" guvg" oqfq" ug" rtqewtcdc" swg" nqu" rctvkekrcpvgu"
fkurwukgtcp" fg" ekgtvq" vkgorq" rctc" crnkect" nq" vtcdclcfq" fwtcpvg" ncu" ugukqpgu" c" uw" xkfc"
eqvkfkcpc0"Gn"rtqitcoc"ug"dcu„"gp"wp"oqfgnq"fg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Gn"eqpvgpkfq"fg"ncu"
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64
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ugukqpgu"eqpukuvk„"gp"ngeekqpgu"dtgxgu."lwgiqu" fg"tqn."fkuewukqpgu" gp"itwrqu."vtcdclqu"rqt"
rctglcu."{"ngevwtcu."{"c"nqu"rctvkekrcpvgu"ug"ngu"fcdc"wp"fkctkq"gp"gn"swg"fgd cp"cpqvct"wpc"
gzrgtkgpekc" goqekqpcn" fkctkc." eqp" qdlgvq" fg" cpcnk|ctnc" c" nc" nw|" fg" nc" vgqt c" gzrnkecfc" gp"
encug0"
Nqu"cwvqtgu"gpeqpvtctqp"swg"gn"itwrq"gzrgtkogpvcn"swg"tgekdk„"gn"rtqitcoc"fg"hqtocek„p"
oglqt„" ukipkhkecvkxcogpvg" uw" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" inqdcn." uw" eqpekgpekc" g" kfgpvkhkecek„p"
goqekqpcn." {" uwu" ecrcekfcfgu" fg" cwvqttgiwncek„p0" Gn" itwrq" gzrgtkogpvcn" vcodkfip" oquvt„"
wpc"fkuokpwek„p"gp"uwu"fkhkewnvcfgu"rctc"kfgpvkhkect"{"gzrtguct"xgtdcnogpvg"uwu"goqekqpgu"
Vqfcu"guvqu"ecodkqu"ug"ocpvwxkgtqp"8"ogugu"fgurwfiu"fg"nc"hkpcnk|cek„p"fgn"rtqitcoc0"
Nqu" vtcdclqu" fgn" itwrq" fg" Okmqncl|cm" uqp." rqt" gn" oqogpvq." ¿pkequ" gp" uw" ifipgtq." rwgu"
rtgugpvcp" wpc" gxcnwcek„p" ukuvgo vkec" fg" wp" rtqitcoc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" dkgp"
hwpfcogpvcfq" vg„tkecogpvg." {" gorngcp" xctkcfqu" kpuvtwogpvqu" fg" gxcnwcek„p" eqp" cnvc"
ecnkfcf" vfiepkec" *Mqvuqw" gv" cn0." 4233=" Pgnku" gv" cn0." 4233+0" Ukp" fwfc." eqpuvkvw{gp" nc" oglqt"
gxkfgpekc" fkurqpkdng" fg" swg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" ug" rwgfg" oglqtct" c" vtcxfiu" fg" nc"
kpvgtxgpek„p"gfwecvkxc"cfgewcfc0"
«Cada vez hay más gobiernos interesados en fundamentar sus

decisiones en educación sobre lo que se conoce a nivel de
investigación científica.»
Hkpcnogpvg." gp"gn"eqpvgzvq" gurc‚qn"ecdg"fguvcect"ncu"kpxguvkicekqpgu"uqdtg"rtqitcocu"fg"

gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc"fgucttqnncfqu"rqt"Ucnowttk"{"Umqmpke"*4227+"{"
rqt" Ciwnn„" gv" cn0" *4233+0" Cukokuoq." fg" cewgtfq" eqp" nc" tgxkuk„p" fg" Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|" {" Rgpc"
*4233+." gp" nqu" ¿nvkoqu" c‚qu" jcp" uwtikfq" xctkcu" kpkekcvkxcu" fg" kpxguvkicek„p" g" kppqxcek„p"
gfwecvkxc" uqdtg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gp" Gurc‚c" swg" kpfkecp" swg" guvg" ecorq" guv " gp"
rgtocpgpvg"gzrcpuk„p0"
Gn"fge nqiq"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"
Gp"nc"¿nvkoc"ffiecfc."nqu"ecodkqu"gfwecvkxqu"jcp"guvcfq"ectcevgtk|cfqu"rqt"gn"cwogpvq"fg"
ncu"cigpfcu"rqn vkecu"dcucfcu"gp"nc"gxkfgpekc."eqp"ecfc"xg|"o u"iqdkgtpqu"kpvgtgucfqu"gp"
hwpfcogpvct" uwu"fgekukqpgu" gp"gfwecek„p"uqdtg"nq"swg"ug"eqpqeg"c"pkxgn"fg"kpxguvkicek„p"
ekgpv hkec0" C" guvc" crnkecek„p" fgn" eqpqekokgpvq" ekgpv hkeq" fkurqpkdng" ug" ng" fgpqokpc"
Åoqxknk|cek„p" fgn" eqpqekokgpvqÇ." ukgpfq" ecfc" xg|" o u" nqu" rqn vkequ" swg" crwguvcp" rqt" nc"
oqxknk|cek„p" fgn" eqpqekokgpvq" gp" gfwecek„p" *Eqqrgt" gv" cn0." 422;+0" Wp" glgornq" tgekgpvg."
rctgeg"ugt"gn"pwgxq"Okpkuvtq"gurc‚qn"fg"Gfwecek„p."Ewnvwtc"{"Fgrqtvg."Lqufi"Kipcekq"Ygtv."
"
65
"
swkgp"gp"uw"fkuewtuq"fg"vqoc"fg"rquguk„p"fg"nc"ectvgtc"okpkuvgtkcn."gn"f c"44"fg"fkekgodtg"
fg" 4233." gphcvk|„" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" nc" ogfkfc" gp" Gfwecek„p<" ÅGp" Gfwecek„p." eqoq" gp" nc"
oc{qt" rctvg" fg" ncu" ocvgtkcu." pq" rqfgoqu" eqphkct" gp" cswgnnq" swg" pq" uqoqu" ecrcegu" fg"
ogfktÇ0"Eqp"gn"vtcpuewtuq"fgn"vkgorq"ug"rqft "gxcnwct"uk"uwu"fgekukqpgu"rqn vkecu"guv p"gp"
eqpuqpcpekc"eqp"guvc"kfgc0"
Gp" hwpek„p" fg" nc" kpxguvkicek„p" rtgxkc." Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|" {" Rgpc" *4233+" jcp" ukpvgvk|cfq" gp"
fkg|"ncu"tgeqogpfcekqpgu"*q"etkvgtkqu+"kpvgtpcekqpcngu"swg"eqpxgpft c"eqpukfgtct"c"nc"jqtc"
fg" fkug‚ct." korngogpvct" {" gxcnwct" wp" rtqitcoc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gp" wp" egpvtq"
gfwecvkxq0"Egttcoqu"guvg"ecr vwnq"eqp"nc"gpwogtcek„p"fg"guvcu"fkg|"tgeqogpfcekqpgu<"
3+ Dcuct" gn" rtqitcoc" gp" wp" octeq" eqpegrvwcn" u„nkfq" {" gp" nc" kpxguvkicek„p" rtgxkc."
jcekgpfq"gzrn ekvq"ew n"gu"gn"oqfgnq"fg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"q"fg"eqorgvgpekcu"
uqekqgoqekqpcngu"swg"ug"cfqrvc0"
4+ Gurgekhkect" nqu" qdlgvkxqu" fgn" rtqitcoc" gp" vfitokpqu" gxcnwcdngu." {" jcekfipfqnqu"
vcodkfip"eqortgpukdngu"rctc"nqu"cnwopqu."fg"oqfq"swg"rwgfcp"eqortqogvgtug"gp"
nc"eqpugewek„p"fg"nqu"okuoqu0"
5+ Tgcnk|ct" guhwgt|qu" eqqtfkpcfqu" swg" kornkswgp" c" vqfc" nc" eqowpkfcf" gfwecvkxc"
*hcoknkcu." rtqhguqtgu." cnwopqu+" gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" cni¿p" curgevq" fgn" rtqitcoc."
vgpkgpfq"eqoq"ogvc"gn"fgucttqnnq"fg"wpc"eqowpkfcf"fg"crtgpfk|clg0"
6+ Cugiwtct"gn"crq{q"fgn"egpvtq"*fktgeek„p"{"encwuvtq"fgn"egpvtq."hcoknkcu."{"tguvq"fgn"
rgtuqpcn+"rtgxkcogpvg"c"nc"crnkecek„p"fgn"rtqitcoc0"
7+ Korwnuct" wpc" korncpvcek„p" ukuvgo vkec" c" nq" nctiq" fg" xctkqu" c‚qu." eqp" wpc"
rtqitcocek„p" eqqtfkpcfc." kpvgitcfc" {" wpkhkecfc" eqp" gn" tguvq" fg" cevkxkfcfgu" {"
rtqitcocu"fgn"egpvtq0"
8+ Gorngct"vfiepkecu"fg"gpug‚cp|c/crtgpfk|clg"cevkxcu"{"rctvkekrcvkxcu."swg."cfgo u."
rtqowgxcp" gn" crtgpfk|clg" eqqrgtcvkxq" {" ugcp" xctkcfcu." rctc" cu " cvgpfgt" c" nqu"
fkxgtuqu" guvknqu" fg" crtgpfk|clg" fgn" cnwopcfq0" Fqu" glgornqu" tgewttgpvgu" {"
fguvcecfqu"fg"cevkxkfcfgu"rtqrkcu"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"uqp"gn"tqng/rnc{kpi"{"
gn"fkctkq"goqekqpcn"*Pgnku"gv"cn0."422;="Tgpcvk"gv"cn0."4233+0"
9+ Qhtgegt"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"rctc"rtcevkect"vqfcu"ncu"hcegvcu"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
{" hcxqtgegt" uw" igpgtcnk|cek„p" c" o¿nvkrngu" ukvwcekqpgu." rtqdngocu" {" eqpvgzvqu"
eqvkfkcpqu0"
"
66
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:+ Kpenwkt" rncpgu" fg" hqtocek„p" {" fg" cuguqtcokgpvq" fgn" rgtuqpcn" tgurqpucdng" fgn"
rtqitcoc"*rtqhguqtcfq."vwvqtgu."qtkgpvcfqtgu."rcftgu"{"ocftgu+0"
;+ Kpenwkt" wp" rncp" fg" gxcnwcek„p" fgn" rtqitcoc" cpvgu." fwtcpvg." {" fgurwfiu" fg" uw"
crnkecek„p0"
32+ Wuct" fkug‚qu" gzrgtkogpvcngu" q" ewcuk" gzrgtkogpvcngu" tkiwtququ" *eqp" itwrqu"
gzrgtkogpvcn"{"eqpvtqn+."fqpfg"nqu"kpfkecfqtgu"fg"nqitq"guvfip"dcucfqu"gp"rtwgdcu"
fg"gxcnwcek„p"u„nkfcu"*hkcdngu"{"x nkfcu+"rctc"gxcnwct"nc"ghkecekc"*nqitq"fg"qdlgvkxqu"
fg"crtgpfk|clg+"fgn"rtqitcoc0"
Dkdnkqitch c"
Cndtkijv." O0K0." Ygkuudgti." T0R0" *422;+0" Uejqqn/hcokn{" rctvpgtujkru" vq" rtqoqvg" uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqpcn"
ngctpkpi0" Kp" U0N0" Ejtkuvgpuqp" {" C0N0" Tguejng{" *Gfu0+0" Vjg" jcpfdqqm" qh" uejqqn/hcokn{"
rctvpgtujkru" hqt" rtqoqvkpi" uvwfgpv" eqorgvgpeg0" Pgy" [qtm<" Tqwvngfig1Vc{nqt" cpf" Htcpeku"
Itqwr0"
Cpc{c."F0"*422;+0"Dcugu"fgn"crtgpfk|clg"{"gfwecek„p0"Ocftkf<"Ucp|"{"Vqttgu1WPGF0"
Dctvqnkpk."U0"*4232+0"Ocpkhguvq"rgt"nc"Hgnkekv 0"Eqog"Rcuuctg"fcnnc"Uqekgv "fgn"Dgp/Cxgtg"c"swgnnc"fgn"
Dgp/Guugtg0"Tqoc<"Fqp|gnnk0"
Dtcemgvv." O0C0." Tkxgtu." U0G0." Tg{gu." O0T0." Ucnqxg{." R0" *kp" rtguu+0" Gpjcpekpi" cecfgoke" rgthqtocpeg"
cpf"uqekcn"cpf"goqvkqpcn"eqorgvgpeg"ykvj"vjg"TWNGT"hggnkpi"yqtfu"ewttkewnwo0"Ngctpkpi"cpf"
Kpfkxkfwcn"Fkhhgtgpegu0"
Eghck."E0."Eqqrgt."R0"*422;+0"Rtqoqvkpi"goqvkqpcn"gfwecvkqp0"Nqpfqp<"Lguukec"Mkpiung{"Rwdnkujgtu0"
Enctmg."P0"*4232+0"Vjg"korcev"qh"c"vtckpkpi"rtqitcoog"fgukipgf"vq"vctigv"vjg"goqvkqpcn"kpvgnnkigpeg"
cdknkvkgu"qh"rtqlgev"ocpcigtu0"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Lqwtpcn"qh"Rtqlgev"Ocpcigogpv."4:."683/68:0"
Eqjgp."L0"*4228+0"Uqekcn."goqvkqpcn."gvjkecn."cpf"cecfgoke"gfwecvkqp<"etgcvkpi"c"enkocvg"hqt"ngctpkpi."
rctvkekrcvkqp"kp"fgoqetce{."cpf"ygnn/dgkpi0"Jctxctf"Gfwecvkqpcn"Tgxkgy."98."4."423/4590"
Eqqrgt."C0."Ngxkp."D0."Ecordgnn."E0"*422;+0"Vjg"itqykpi"*dwv"uvknn"nkokvgf+"korqtvcpeg"qh"gxkfgpeg"kp"
gfwecvkqp"rqnke{"cpf"rtcevkeg0"Lqwtpcn"qh"Gfwecvkqpcn"Ejcpig."32."37;/3930"
Eqt{p." E0N0U0." Ur{dtqqm." L0M0." Gxgtitggp." U0F0J0." Dnkpmkgyke|." O0" *422;+0" Fgxgnqrogpv" cpf"
Gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vjg"Uqekcn/Goqvkqpcn"Ngctpkpi"Uecng0"Lqwtpcn"qh"Ru{ejqgfwecvkqpcn"Cuuguuogpv."
49."6."4:5/4;70"
Fkgmuvtc."T0G0Y0"*422:+0"Gxcnwcek„p"fg"nqu"rtqitcocu"gueqnctgu"wpkxgtucngu"fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"
{"uqekcn"{"fg"jcdknkfcfgu"rctc"nc"xkfc0"Gp"E0"Enqwfgt"*eqqtf0+."Gfwecek„p"Goqekqpcn"{"Uqekcn0"
Cp nkuku" Kpvgtpcekqpcn0" Kphqtog" Hwpfcek„p" Octegnkpq" Dqv p" 422:" *rr0" 48:/54;+0" Ucpvcpfgt<"
Hwpfcek„p"Octegnkpq"Dqv p0"
Fwngyke|." X0." Jkiiu." O0" *4226+0" Ecp" goqvkqpcn" kpvgnnkigpeg" dg" fgxgnqrgfA" Kpvgtpcvkqpcn" Lqwtpcn" qh"
Jwocp"Tguqwteg"Ocpcigogpv."37."3.";7/3330"
Fwtncm." L0C0." Ygkuudgti." T0R0." Rcejcp." O0" *4232+0" C" Ogvc/Cpcn{uku" qh" Chvgt/Uejqqn" Rtqitcou" Vjcv"
Uggm"vq"Rtqoqvg"Rgtuqpcn"cpf"Uqekcn"Umknnu"kp"Ejknftgp"cpf"Cfqnguegpvu0"Cogtkecp"Lqwtpcn"qh"
Eqoowpkv{"Ru{ejqnqi{."67."4;6Î52;0"
"
67
"
Fwtncm." L0C0." Ygkuudgti." T0R0." F{opkemk." C0D0." Vc{nqt." T0F0." Uejgnnkpigt." M0D0" *4233+0" Vjg" korcev" qh"
gpjcpekpi" uvwfgpvuÓ" uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqp" ngctpkpi<" C" ogvc/cpcn{uku" qh" uejqqn/dcugf" wpkxgtucn"
kpvgtxgpvkqpu0"Ejknf"Fgxgnqrogpv.":4."627/6540"
Hgnnpgt." C0." Ocvvjgyu." I0." Hwpmg." I0L0." Goq." C0M0." Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|." L0E0." ¥gkfpgt." O0." Tqdgtvu." T0"
*4229+0" Vjg" ghhgevu" qh" goqvkqpcn" kpvgnnkigpeg" qp" xkuwcn" ugctej" qh" goqvkqpcn" uvkownk" cpf"
goqvkqp" kfgpvkhkecvkqp0" Rtqeggfkpiu" qh" vjg" Jwocp" Hcevqtu" cpf" Gtiqpqokeu" Uqekgv{" Cppwcn"
Oggvkpi"4229."73."36.":67/:6;0"
Hwpfcek„p" Dqv p" *422:+0" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" {" Uqekcn0" Cp nkuku" Kpvgtpcekqpcn0" Kphqtog" Hwpfcek„p"
Octegnkpq"Dqv p"422:0"Ucpvcpfgt<"Hwpfcek„p"Dqv p0"
Hwpfcek„p" Dqv p" *4233+0" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" {" Uqekcn0" Cp nkuku" Kpvgtpcekqpcn0" Kphqtog" Hwpfcek„p"
Octegnkpq"Dqv p"42330"Ucpvcpfgt<"Hwpfcek„p"Dqv p0"
Iqgv|."V0."Htgp|gn."C0E0."Rgmtwp."T0."Jcnn."P0"*4227+0"Goqvkqpcn"Kpvgnnkigpeg"kp"vjg"Eqpvgzv"qh"Ngctpkpi"
cpf"Cejkgxgogpv0"Kp"T0"Uejwn|g"{"T0F0"Tqdgtvu"*Gfu0+."Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Jcpfdqqm"qh"Goqvkqpcn"
Kpvgnnkigpeg"*rr0"455/475+0"Ecodtkfig."OC<"Jqitghg"("Jwdgt0"
Jcxkijwtuv."U0U0."Jctng{."C0."Rtkqt."O0"*4226+0"Dwknfkpi"Rtguejqqn"EjknftgpÓu"Goqvkqpcn"Eqorgvgpeg<"C"
Rctgpvkpi"Rtqitco0"Gctn{"Gfwecvkqp"("Fgxgnqrogpv."37."6."645/66:0"
Jgemocp." L0." Ocuvgtqx." F0X0" *4226+0" Vjg" rtqfwevkxkv{" ctiwogpv" hqt" kpxguvkpi" kp" {qwpi" ejknftgp0"
Eqookvvgg"qp"Geqpqoke"Fgxgnqrogpv."Yqtmkpi"Rcrgt"%70"
Jworjtg{." P0." Mcncodqwmc." C0." Ykignuyqtvj." O0." Ngpftwo." C0." Fgkijvqp." L0." Yqtrgtv." O0" *4233+0"
Ogcuwtgu"qh"Uqekcn"cpf"Goqvkqpcn"Umknnu"hqt"Ejknftgp"cpf"[qwpi"Rgqrng<"C"U{uvgocvke"Tgxkgy0"
Gfwecvkqpcn"cpf"Ru{ejqnqikecn"Ogcuwtgogpv."93."6."839Î8590"
Mco." E/O0." Yqpi." N0" Y/K0." Hwpi." M0" O/U0" *4233+0" Rtqoqvkpi" uqekcn/goqvkqpcn" ngctpkpi" kp" Ejkpgug"
uejqqnu<"C"hgcukdknkv{"uvwf{"qh"RCVJU"korngogpvcvkqp"kp"Jqpi"Mqpi0"Vjg"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Lqwtpcn"
qh"Goqvkqpcn"Gfwecvkqp."5."3."52/690"
Mqvuqw."K0."Pgnku."F0."Itgiqtkg."L0."Okmqncl|cm."O0"*4233+0"Goqvkqpcn"Rncuvkekv{<"Eqpfkvkqpu"cpf"Ghhgevu"
qh"Kortqxkpi"Goqvkqpcn"Eqorgvgpeg"kp"Cfwnjqqf0"Lqwtpcn"qh"Crrnkgf"Ru{ejqnqi{.";8."6.":49/
:5;0"
Octmu." P0" *4233+0"Vjg" Jcrrkpguu" Ocpkhguvq<" Jqy" Pcvkqpu" cpf" Rgqrng" Ecp" Pwtvwtg" Ygnn/Dgkpi0" Pgy"
[qtm<"VGF"Dqqmu0"
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dgvyggp" Goqvkqpcn" Kpvgnnkigpeg" cpf" jgcnvj0"Rgtuqpcnkv{" cpf" Kpfkxkfwcn" Fkhhgtgpegu." 6;." 776/
7860"
Owtknnq." H0L0." Jgtp pfg|." T0" *4233+0" Ghgevqu" gueqnctgu" fg" hcevqtgu" uqekq/chgevkxqu0" Wp" guvwfkq"
Ownvkpkxgn"rctc"Kdgtqcofitkec0"Tgxkuvc"fg"Kpxguvkicek„p"Gfwecvkxc."4;."4."629/6490"
Pgnku." F0." Swqkfdcej." L0." Okmqncle|cm." O0." Jcpugppg." O0" *422;+0" Kpetgcukpi" goqvkqpcn" kpvgnnkigpeg<"
*Jqy+"ku"kv"rquukdngA"Rgtuqpcnkv{"cpf"Kpfkxkfwcn"Fkhhgtgpegu."69."58/630"
Pgnku." F0." Mqvuqw." K0." Swqkfdcej." L0." Jcpugppg." O0."Yg{vgpu." H0." Fwrwku." R0." Okmqnce|cm." O0" *4233+0"
Kpetgcukpi" Goqvkqpcn" Eqorgvgpeg" Kortqxgu" Ru{ejqnqikecn" cpf" Rj{ukecn" Ygnn/Dgkpi." Uqekcn"
Tgncvkqpujkru."cpf"Gornq{cdknkv{0"Goqvkqp."33."4."576/5880"
Qiwp{gok." C0Q0" *422:+0" Ghgevqu" ogfkfqu" fg" vfiepkecu" fg" rtqxqecek„p" {" fg" fqokpkq" goqekqpcn" gp" gn"
hqogpvq" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" eqp" cfqnguegpvgu" pkigtkcpqu0" Tgxkuvc" Gngevt„pkec" fg"
Kpxguvkicek„p"Rukeqgfwecvkxc."P³"37."Xqn0"8*4+."4:3/4;80"
Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|." L0E0" *422:+0" Rtqrwguvc" rctc" nc" gxcnwcek„p" fg" rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p"
"
68
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uqekqgoqekqpcn0" Gngevtqpke" Lqwtpcn" qh" Tgugctej" kp" Gfwecvkqpcn" Ru{ejqnqi{." P0" 37." Xqn0" 8." 4."
745/7680"
Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|." L0E0." Octv p/Ctciqpgugu." O0V0." N„rg|/Octv p." G0" *4233+0" KS." RKUC." cpf" vjg" ygcnvj"
cpf" jwocp" fgxgnqrogpv" qh" pcvkqpu0" Rcrgt" rtgugpvgf" cv" vjg" 37vj" Dkgppkcn" Oggvkpi" qh" vjg"
Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Uqekgv{"hqt"vjg"Uvwf{"qh"vjg"Kpfkxkfwcn"Fkhhgtgpegu"*KUUKF+0"Nqpfqp."WM."47/4:"
Lwn{"42330"
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*rr0:3/;9+0"Ocftkf<"Rkt okfg0""
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uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqpcn" ngctpkpi<" Yjcv" fqgu" vjg" tgugctej" uc{A" Pgy" [qtm<" Vgcejgtu" Eqnngig"
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69
LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL EN LAS AULAS DE NUEVA YORK – LINDA LANTIERI Y MADHAVI NAMBIAR
"
80"Nc"gzrgtkgpekc"fg"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"ncu"
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o u" guvtgucpvg" fwtcpvg" nqu" ¿nvkoqu" ekpeq" c‚qu" *Cogtkecp"
Ru{ejqnqikecn" Cuuqekcvkqp." 4229+0" Ncogpvcdngogpvg." nqu"
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fg" guvtfiu" o u" ogpekqpcfcu" hwgtqp" ncu" pqvcu." gn" eqngikq" {" nqu" fgdgtgu" *58'+=" nc" hcoknkc"
*54'+="{"nqu"cokiqu."nqu"eqorc‚gtqu."nqu"ejkuoqttgqu"{"ncu"dwtncu"*43'+0"Gp"ewcpvq"c"ncu"
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ecnoctug"c"wpq"okuoq"*N{pguu."4227+0"
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gpug‚cp" c" nqu" l„xgpgu" c" eqpvtqnct" uwu" goqekqpgu" {" c" eqpegpvtctug" gp" gn" vtcdclq" kpvgtkqt."
swg" tgfwpfct " gp" wpc" oglqt" ecrcekfcf" rctc" iguvkqpct" gn"guvtfiu" swg" ug" kpvgtrqpic" gp" uw"
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"
70
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Jceg"wpqu"ogugu"vwxg"nc"qecuk„p"fg"xgtnq"eqp"oku"rtqrkqu"qlqu"gp"wpc"guewgnc"r¿dnkec"fg"
gfwecek„p" rtkoctkc" fg" Gcuv" Jctngo" *Pwgxc" [qtm+0" Gp" nc" encug" jcd c" xctkqu" cnwopqu" fg"
gfwecek„p"gurgekcn"eqp"rtqdngocu"fg"jkrgtcevkxkfcf0"Gn"rtqhguqt."Vqo"Tqgrmg."nqu"cxku„"fg"
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nc" itcdcek„p." nqu" cnwopqu" ug" ecnoctqp" {" ug" swgfctqp" swkgvqu0" Nc" xq|" fg" wp" jqodtg" ngu"
kpuv„"c"guewejct"cniwpqu"uqpkfqu."c"nc"xg|"swg" ngu"tgeqtfcdc"swg"pq"fgd cp"eqogpvct" gp"
xq|"cnvc"gn"uqpkfq"swg"uqpcdc."ukpq"fge tugnq"c"u "okuoqu"gp"ukngpekq0"
C" ogfkfc" swg" tgekd cp" ncu" kpuvtweekqpgu." gorg|ctqp" c" guewejct" eqp" vqfq" gn" ewgtrq=" rqt"
glgornq." cn" q t" gn" uqpkfq" fg" wp" r lctq." oqx cp" nqu" dtc|qu" eqoq" uk" hwgtcp" cncu0" Nqitctqp"
swgfctug" gp" ukngpekq." ecnocfqu" {" eqpegpvtcfqu." fwtcpvg" ugku" okpwvqu" gpvgtqu0" Nc" xq|" fgn"
EF" gtc" nc" fg" Fcpkgn" Iqngocp." gn" cwvqt" fg" Kpvgnkigpekc" Goqekqpcn" *3;;7=" 3;;8+0" Pq"
qduvcpvg."ncu"rcncdtcu"gtcp"o cu."{"rtqegf cp"fg"ok"nkdtq"Kpvgnkigpekc"Goqekqpcn"Kphcpvkn"{"
Lwxgpkn<" Glgtekekqu" rctc" Ewnvkxct" nc" Hqtvcng|c" Kpvgtkqt" gp" Pk‚qu" {" L„xgpgu" *Ncpvkgtk" 422:="
422;+"swg"xkgpg"ceqorc‚cfq"fgn"EF"swg"guvcdcp"wvknk|cpfq"gp"encug0""
«Las principales fuentes de estrés en niños norteamericanos son las

notas, el colegio y los deberes (36%); la familia (32%); y los amigos,
los compañeros, los chismorreos y las burlas (21%).»
Vqo"gu"wpq"fg"nqu"owejqu"rtqhguqtgu"swg"hqtocp"rctvg"fg"Vjg"Kppgt"Tguknkgpeg"Rtqitco"
*KTR+." wpc" qticpk|cek„p" ukp" pkoq" fg" nwetq" swg" fgekf " eqhwpfct" vtcu" nqu" hcv fkequ"
ceqpvgekokgpvqu"fgn"33"fg"ugrvkgodtg"fg"42230"Fgufg"gpvqpegu."og"jg"fgfkecfq"c"hqtoct"
c" rtqhguqtgu" swg." c" uw" xg|." gpug‚cp" cjqtc" c" okngu" fg" cnwopqu" c" tghqt|ct" nqu" ektewkvqu"
pgwtqpcngu" swg" c{wfcp" c" eqpegpvtctug" {" c" iguvkqpct" nc" korwnukxkfcf" ogfkcpvg" nq" swg"
fgpqokpcoqu"Årt evkecu"gfwecvkxcu"eqpvgorncvkxcuÇ0"
Guvcu"rt evkecu"gp"gn"cwnc"ngu"dtkpfcp"vcpvq"c"nqu"pk‚qu"eqoq"c"nqu"cfwnvqu"nc"qrqtvwpkfcf"
fg" gzrgtkogpvct"gn"ukngpekq"{"fg" eqpegpvtct"vqvcnogpvg"nc"cvgpek„p" gp"gn"rtgugpvg"{" gp"nq"
swg"ug"guv "gzrgtkogpvcpfq"rqt"fgpvtq"{"rqt"hwgtc0"
Dgpghkekqu"fgn"crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcn""
Ecfc" xg|" o u" guvwfkqu" ekgpv hkequ" uwikgtgp" swg" c{wfct" c" nqu" pk‚qu" c" fgucttqnnct" dwgpcu"
crvkvwfgu"uqekcngu"{"goqekqpcngu"gp"wpc"hcug"vgortcpc"fg"nc"kphcpekc"fc"nwict"c"gpqtogu"
fkhgtgpekcu" gp" uw" ucnwf" {" dkgpguvct" c" nctiq" rnc|q0" Gp" uw" hcpv uvkeq" nkdtq" Yqtmkpi" ykvj"
Goqvkqpcn"Kpvgnnkigpeg"*3;;:+."ew{c"vtcfweek„p"ug"jc"rwdnkecfq"gp"Gurc‚c"eqp"gn"v vwnq"fg"
Nc"Rt evkec"fg"nc"Kpvgnkigpekc"Goqekqpcn"*3;;;+."Fcpkgn"Iqngocp"kfgpvkhke„"gn"EG"*eqekgpvg"
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fg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn+"eqoq"wp"hcevqt"vcp"korqtvcpvg"eqoq"gn"EK"*eqekgpvg"kpvgngevwcn+"
rctc"gn"fgucttqnnq"ucpq"fg"nqu"pk‚qu"{"uw"hwvwtq"fizkvq"gp"nc"xkfc0"Ugi¿p"Iqngocp"*3;;:+<"
ÅNcu"rtwgdcu"fg"cfokuk„p"c"nc"wpkxgtukfcf"uwdtc{cp"nc"korqtvcpekc"fgn"EK"rgtq."rqt"u "uqnq."
fkh eknogpvg" rwgfg" fct" ewgpvc" fgn" fizkvq" q" fgn" htcecuq" gp" nc" xkfc0" Nc" kpxguvkicek„p" jc"
fgoquvtcfq"swg"nc"eqttgncek„p"gzkuvgpvg"gpvtg"gn"EK"{"gn"pkxgn"fg"ghkecekc"swg"owguvtcp"ncu"
rgtuqpcu" gp" gn" fgugorg‚q" fg" uw" rtqhguk„p" pq" uwrgtc" gn" 47'" *Jwpvgt" {" Uejokfv." 3;:6="
Uejokfv"{"Jwpvgt."3;:3+."cwpswg"wp"cp nkuku"o u"fgvcnncfq"tgxgnc"swg"guc"eqttgncek„p"pq"
uwgng"uwrgtct"gn"32'"{"c"xgegu"gu"kpenwuq"kphgtkqt"cn"6'"*Uvgtpdgti."3;;8+0Ç"
Gn" vtcdclq" fg" Iqngocp" pqu" jc" c{wfcfq" c" gpvgpfgt" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn" eqoq" wp" tgswkukvq" d ukeq" rctc" wvknk|ct" eqp" ghkecekc" gn" EK" *gu" fgekt." rctc" wvknk|ct"
ncu" crvkvwfgu" eqipkvkxcu" {" nqu" eqpqekokgpvqu+0" Iqngocp" guvcdngek„" nc" eqpgzk„p" gpvtg"
pwguvtqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" {" pwguvtqu" rgpucokgpvqu" fg" wp" oqfq" gzrn ekvq" cn" ug‚cnct" swg" ncu"
tgikqpgu" goqekqpcngu" {" glgewvkxcu" fgn" egtgdtq" guv p" kpvgteqpgevcfcu" hkukqn„ikecogpvg."
gurgekcnogpvg"gp"nq"swg"eqpekgtpg"c"nc"gpug‚cp|c"{"gn"crtgpfk|clg0"
«Muchas de las aptitudes esenciales para el trabajo eficaz de hoy en

día constituyen competencias sociales y emocionales.»
Nc"pgwtqekgpekc"pqu"gpug‚c"swg"gn"egtgdtq"fg"nqu"pk‚qu"gzrgtkogpvc"wp"etgekokgpvq"swg"pq"
vgtokpc"jcuvc"nqu"47"c‚qu"fg"gfcf."crtqzkocfcogpvg0"C"uw"xg|."nc"pgwtqrncuvkekfcf."vcn"{"
eqoq" nc" fgpqokpcp" nqu" ekgpv hkequ." kornkec" swg" nc" hqtocek„p" fg" nqu" ektewkvqu" egtgdtcngu"
fwtcpvg"nc"gvcrc"fg"etgekokgpvq"fgrgpfg"gp"itcp"ogfkfc"fg"ncu"gzrgtkgpekcu"eqvkfkcpcu"fgn"
pk‚q0" Nc" tgrgtewuk„p" fgn" gpvqtpq" gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" egtgdtcn" eqdtc" gurgekcn"korqtvcpekc" c" nc"
jqtc"fg"oqnfgct"nqu"ektewkvqu"pgwtqpcngu"uqekcngu"{"goqekqpcngu"fg"nqu"pk‚qu0"Rqt"glgornq."
vqfq" crwpvc" c" swg" nqu" l„xgpgu" swg" crtgpfgp" c" ecnoctug" ewcpfq" guv p" eqpvtctkcfqu"
fgucttqnncp" wpc" oc{qt" hqtvcng|c" gp" nqu" ektewkvqu" egtgdtcngu" gpecticfqu" fg" iguvkqpct" ncu"
cfxgtukfcfgu"*Iqngocp."422:+0""
Owejcu"fg"ncu"crvkvwfgu"swg"ug"eqpukfgtcp"gugpekcngu"jq{"gp"f c"rctc"vtcdclct"eqp"ghkecekc"
*rqt"glgornq."nc"ecrcekfcf"fg"hqtoct"rctvg"fg"wp"gswkrq."vtcdclct"eqp"xctkqu"eqorc‚gtqu"{"
enkgpvgu."cpcnk|ct"{"igpgtct"uqnwekqpgu"rctc"nqu"rtqdngocu."rgtugxgtct"{"uqdtgrqpgtug"c"nqu"
eqpvtcvkgorqu."gve0+"eqpuvkvw{gp"eqorgvgpekcu"uqekcngu"{"goqekqpcngu0"
Eqoq"tguwnvcfq."ug"guv "igpgtcpfq"wpc"itcp"fgocpfc"r¿dnkec"gp"vqfq"gn"owpfq"rctc"swg"
ncu"guewgncu"kpuvcwtgp"gphqswgu"gfwecvkxqu"ghkecegu="gphqswgu"swg"pq"uqncogpvg"hqogpvgp"
gn" fizkvq" cecffiokeq." ukpq" swg" cfgo u" oglqtgp" nc" ucnwf." gxkvgp" eqorqtvcokgpvqu"
rtqdngo vkequ" {" rtgrctgp" oglqt" c" nqu" l„xgpgu" rctc" gn" owpfq" ncdqtcn" {" rctc" ugt" oglqtgu"
ekwfcfcpqu0" Gp" Guvcfqu" Wpkfqu." wpc" gpewguvc" tgcnk|cfc" gp" 4229" rqt" wpc" qticpk|cek„p"
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72
"
nncocfc"Rctvpgtujkr"hqt" 43uv"Egpvwt{"Umknnu"tgxgn„"swg."ugi¿p" gn"88'"fg"nqu" gpewguvcfqu."
nqu" guvwfkcpvgu" pgegukvcp" crtgpfgt" owejcu" o u" equcu" swg" ngevwtc." guetkvwtc" {"
ocvgo vkecu0" Gn" :2'" chkto„" swg" ncu" fguvtg|cu" swg" pgegukvcp" jq{" gp" f c" nqu" guvwfkcpvgu"
rctc" gphtgpvctug" cn" ogtecfq" ncdqtcn" fgn" ukinq" ZZK" fkuvcp" owej ukoq" fg" ncu" swg" ug"
pgegukvcdcp"jceg"42"c‚qu0"
Gn" crtgpfk|clg" uqekcn" {" goqekqpcn" *CUG+." eqpukfgtcfq" rqt" owejqu" eqoq" Ågn" guncd„p"
rgtfkfqÇ"gp"nqu"kpvgpvqu"swg"jc"jcdkfq"jcuvc"nc"hgejc"rctc"oglqtct"nqu"egpvtqu"gfwecvkxqu."
tghnglc" gn" tgeqpqekokgpvq" ecfc" xg|" oc{qt" fg" swg" wp" fgucttqnnq" uqekcn" {" goqekqpcn" ucpq"
oglqtc"nqu"nqitqu"fg"nqu"pk‚qu"gp"nc"guewgnc"{"gp"nc"xkfc0"Nc"kpxguvkicek„p"cecffiokec"cxcnc"
gn"CUG"{"fgowguvtc"swg"vqfqu"nqu"pk‚qu"rwgfgp"vgpgt"wpc"gzrgtkgpekc"gfwecvkxc"swg"pq"ug"
nkokvg"c"dtkpfctngu"eqorgvgpekcu"cecffiokecu"ukpq"swg."cfgo u."ngu"c{wfg"c"eqpxgtvktug"gp"
rgtuqpcu" eqortqogvkfcu" eqp" gn" crtgpfk|clg." eqpuekgpvgu" fg" u " okuocu." uqnkfctkcu" {"
eqpgevcfcu"eqp"nqu"fgo u."swg"eqpvtkdw{cp"cevkxcogpvg"c"wp"owpfq"o u"lwuvq."rce hkeq."
rtqfwevkxq"{"uquvgpkdng0"
«Ayudar a los niños a desarrollar buenas aptitudes sociales y

emocionales en una fase temprana de la infancia da lugar a enormes
diferencias en su salud y bienestar a largo plazo.»
Gn"CUG"gu"gn"rtqeguq"ogfkcpvg"gn"ewcn"nqu"pk‚qu"*g"kpenwuq"nqu"cfwnvqu+"cfswkgtgp"crvkvwfgu"
hwpfcogpvcngu" rctc" cnecp|ct" gn" fizkvq" gp" nc" guewgnc" {" gp" nc" xkfc0" Gpug‚c" ncu" jcdknkfcfgu"
rgtuqpcngu"g"kpvgtrgtuqpcngu"swg"vqfqu"pgegukvcoqu"rctc"nkfkct"eqp"pquqvtqu"okuoqu"{"eqp"
pwguvtcu"tgncekqpgu."cu "eqoq"rctc"vtcdclct"ghkec|"{"fivkecogpvg0"Gn"rtqitcoc"ug"jc"kfgcfq"
c" rctvkt" fg" nqu" eqpqekokgpvqu" swg" vgpgoqu" gp" gn" odkvq" fgn" fgucttqnnq" kphcpvkn." nc" iguvk„p"
fgpvtq" fgn" cwnc." nc" rtgxgpek„p" fg" eqorqtvcokgpvqu" rtqdngo vkequ" {" nqu" pwgxqu"
fguewdtkokgpvqu"uqdtg"gn"rcrgn"fgn"egtgdtq"gp"gn"etgekokgpvq"uqekcn"{"eqipkvkxq0"Nc"oc{qt c"
fg" nqu" rtqitcocu" fg" CUG" swg" ug" korctvgp" gp" nqu" egpvtqu" gfwecvkxqu" ug" egpvtcp" gp" ekpeq"
itwrqu"d ukequ"fg"eqorgvgpekcu"uqekcngu"{"goqekqpcngu0"
̇ Cwvqeqpekgpekc<" xcnqtct" cfgewcfcogpvg" nqu" rtqrkqu" ugpvkokgpvqu." kpvgtgugu."

xcnqtgu" {" rwpvqu" hwgtvgu=" ocpvgpgt" wp" ugpvkfq" dkgp" hwpfcogpvcfq" fg"
cwvqeqphkcp|c0"
̇ Cwvqeqpvtqn<" tgiwnct" ncu" rtqrkcu" goqekqpgu" rctc" nkfkct" eqp" gn" guvtfiu." eqpvtqnct"
nqu" korwnuqu" {" rgtugxgtct" c" nc" jqtc" fg" uwrgtct" qduv ewnqu=" hklctug" ogvcu"
rgtuqpcngu" {" cecffiokecu" {" cugiwtctug" fg" ewornktncu=" gzrtguct" cfgewcfcogpvg"
ncu"goqekqpgu0"
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73
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̇ Jcdknkfcfgu" fg" tgncek„p<" guvcdngegt" {" ocpvgpgt" tgncekqpgu" ucnwfcdngu" {"

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eqpvtkdwkt" cn" dkgpguvct" fgn" egpvtq" gfwecvkxq" {" nc" eqowpkfcf" c" nc" swg" ug"
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eqpfkekqpgu" swg" oczkokegp" gn" rqvgpekcn" fg" nqu" l„xgpgu" rctc" eqpugiwkt" wp" tgpfkokgpvq"
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74
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etgegt."nqu"guvwfkcpvgu"swg"jcd cp"tgekdkfq"wp"crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcn"gp"nc"guewgnc"
rtkoctkc" rtgugpvcdcp" wpc" ogfkc" fg" ecnkhkecekqpgu" wp" 33'" uwrgtkqt" {" wp" pkxgn"
ukipkhkecvkxcogpvg"uwrgtkqt"fg"eqortqokuq"gueqnct."guhwgt|q"{"hkpcnk|cek„p"fg"nqu"guvwfkqu"c"
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«La rentabilidad de las inversiones en ASE es enorme, tanto en el

plano puramente académico como en la vida.»
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korqtvcpvg"fg"cniwpcu"guewgncu"{"cwncu0"Fkejcu"rt evkecu"ug"rwgfgp"fkug‚ct"rctc"ewnvkxct"gn"
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eqp"gn"rt„lkoq"*Tqgupgt"{"Rgem."4228+0"
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rt evkec" eqpvgorncvkxc" tgiwnct0" Gn" EF" fg" Fcpkgn" Iqngocp" nncocfq" Vjg" Ctv" qh" Ogfkvcvkqp"
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rqeq"o u"gzrgtkogpvcfcu0"Rgtokvg"gngikt"gpvtg"ewcvtq"glgtekekqu"tghngzkxqu"fkuvkpvqu0"
«Reducir el número de alumnos por clase implica menos ventajas

académicas que instaurar un aprendizaje social y emocional.»
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dtkpfct"c"nqu"l„xgpgu"jcdknkfcfgu"rctc"ugt"eqpuekgpvgu"fg"uwu"goqekqpgu"{"eqpvtqnctncu"fg"
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gp" ewgpvc"nq"clgvtgcfc" {"c" xgegu"htgpfivkec" swg"rwgfg" ugt"nc"xkfc." c"ogpwfq"pgegukvcoqu"
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fguvcecp"ncu"ukiwkgpvgu<"
̇ Wpc"oc{qt"cwvqeqpekgpekc"{"eqortgpuk„p"fg"wpq"okuoq0"
̇ Wpc"oc{qt"jcdknkfcf"c"nc"jqtc"fg"tgnclct"gn"ewgtrq"{"nkdgtct"vgpukqpgu"h ukecu0"
̇ O u"eqpegpvtcek„p0"
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{" fg" qhtgegt" wpc" ocpgtc" o u" tgnclcfc" fg" tgurqpfgt" c" nqu" hcevqtgu"
fgugpecfgpcpvgu"fg"guvtfiu0"
"
76
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̇ Oc{qt" eqpvtqn" uqdtg" nqu" rtqrkqu" rgpucokgpvqu" rctc" gxkvct" gn" rtgfqokpkq" fg" nqu"
rgpucokgpvqu"pgicvkxqu0"
̇ O u"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"fg"guvcdngegt"wpc"eqowpkecek„p"o u"rtqhwpfc"{"cwogpvct"gn"
gpvgpfkokgpvq" gpvtg" cfwnvqu" {" pk‚qu." rwguvq" swg" ug" rtqfweg" wp" kpvgtecodkq"
jcdkvwcn"fg"rgpucokgpvqu"{"ugpvkokgpvqu0"
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Åug"ecnogpÇ"{"Årtguvgp"cvgpek„pÇ"uk"pq"ngu"qhtgegoqu"cniwpcu"rcwvcu"uqdtg"e„oq"jcegtnq0"
Itcekcu" c" nc" rt evkec" ukuvgo vkec" fg" vfiepkecu" eqpvgorncvkxcu." rqfgoqu" c{wfct" c" swg" nqu"
pk‚qu" ewnvkxgp" ncu" crvkvwfgu" swg" xcp" cfswktkgpfq" {" fgucttqnngp" nqu" ektewkvqu" pgwtqpcngu0"
Pwguvtq" vtcdclq" g" kpxguvkicek„p" jcp" fgoquvtcfq" eqp"etgegu" swg" gpug‚ct" guvcu" vfiepkecu" c"
nqu"cnwopqu"pq"uqncogpvg"oglqtc"uwu"jcdknkfcfgu"uqekcngu"{"goqekqpcngu."ukpq"vcodkfip"uw"
tgukuvgpekc."gu"fgekt."uw"ecrcekfcf"fg"gphtgpvctug"{"uqdtgrqpgtug"c"nc"cfxgtukfcf0"
«Cuanto más experimenten el silencio y la calma los niños, más fácil

les resultará alcanzar el equilibrio interior y la sensación de que su
vida tiene un sentido.»
Gp" rtkocxgtc" fgn" c‚q" 4228." gn" rtqitcoc" KTR" tgekdk„"wpc" igpgtquc" fqvcek„p" rctc" nngxct" c"
ecdq" wp" guvwfkq" ogvkewnquq" {" fgvgtokpct" nc" ghkecekc" fgn" vtcdclq" tgcnk|cfq" ogfkcpvg" wp"
gpuc{q" cngcvqtk|cfq" eqpvtqncfq" rctc" gzcokpct" nc" tgrgtewuk„p" fgn" rtqitcoc" uqdtg" gn"
dkgpguvct" fg" rtqhguqtgu" {" cnwopqu" {" vcodkfip" gp" gn" gpvqtpq" fgn" cwnc0" Rctvkekrctqp" gp" gn"
guvwfkq" wp" vqvcn" fg" 79" rtqhguqtgu" {" :77" cnwopqu" fgn" vgtegt." ewctvq" {" swkpvq" ewtuq" fg"
rtkoctkc" rtqegfgpvgu" fg" guewgncu" r¿dnkecu" fg" Pwgxc" [qtm0" Nqu" rtqhguqtgu" ug" cukipctqp"
cngcvqtkcogpvg" q" dkgp" cn" itwrq" fg" vtcvcokgpvq" q" dkgp" cn" itwrq" fg" eqpvtqn0" Nqu" rtqhguqtgu"
fgn"itwrq"fg"vtcvcokgpvq"rctvkekrctqp"gp"gn"KTR"fwtcpvg"gn"c‚q"gueqnct"4229Î422:0"
Ncu" cevkxkfcfgu." ew{q" qdlgvkxq" gtc" tgfwekt" gn" guvtfiu" fg" nqu" rtqhguqtgu" {" cwogpvct" uw"
eqpegpvtcek„p." cvgpek„p." ucvkuhceek„p" eqp" gn" vtcdclq" {" tgncek„p" eqp" nqu" eqorc‚gtqu."
kpenw{gtqp" xctkcu" encugu" fg" {qic." tgwpkqpgu" ogpuwcngu" rctc" ewnvkxct" nc" xkfc" kpvgtkqt" {" wp"
tgvktq" gurktkvwcn" fg" hkp" fg" ugocpc." cu " eqoq" hqtocek„p" {" crq{q" gp" gn" wuq" fg" wp" o„fwnq"
ngevkxq" rctc" nqu" guvwfkcpvgu0" Nc" vgqt c" gtc" swg" nqu" ecodkqu" gp" nqu" rtqhguqtgu" uwtvkt cp" wp"
ghgevq"rqukvkxq"gp"gn"codkgpvg"fgn"cwnc."nq"swg"c"uw"xg|"tgfwpfct c"gp"wp"oc{qt"dkgpguvct"
fg" nqu" cnwopqu" {" gp" ogpqtgu" pkxgngu" fg" guvtfiu" {" htwuvtcek„p." oc{qt" cvgpek„p" {" wpc"
eqpfwevc"oglqt0"Cfgo u."gn"rtqitcoc"rtgvgpf c"vtcdclct"fktgevcogpvg"eqp"nqu"guvwfkcpvgu"
c"vtcxfiu"fg"xctkcu"cevkxkfcfgu"ngevkxcu"*Ncpvkgtk"gv"cn0."4233+0"
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gpewguvcu" gp" qvq‚q" {" rtkocxgtc" fgn" ewtuq" 4229Î422:0" Nqu" cp nkuku" eqorctcvkxqu" gpvtg"
itwrqu" cttqlctqp" wpqu" tguwnvcfqu" kpvgtgucpvgu" {" ukipkhkecvkxqu" gp" nq" swg" tgurgevc" cn"
dkgpguvct" fg" nqu" rtqhguqtgu." eqp" ogpqtgu" pkxgngu" fg" guvtfiu" *ogfkfqu" rqt" wpc" guecnc"
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fg"qejq"c"pwgxg"c‚qu"chktoctqp"vgpgt"o u"cwvqpqo c"g"kphnwgpekc"gp"encug"cn"hkpcn"fgn"c‚q"
gueqnct"swg"cn"rtkpekrkq"{"nqu"cp nkuku"fgn"dkgpguvct"fg"nqu"guvwfkcpvgu"eqttqdqtctqp"swg"gn"
rtqitcoc" vwxq" wpc" kphnwgpekc" rqukvkxc" {" ukipkhkecvkxc" c" nc" jqtc" fg" tgfwekt" nqu" pkxgngu" fg"
htwuvtcek„p"fg"nqu"cnwopqu"fg"vgtegtq"{"ewctvq"fg"rtkoctkc0""
Ncu"oglqtgu"rt evkecu"gp"nc"gpug‚cp|c"{"crtgpfk|clg"
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ecokpq"fg"tqucu"rctc"nqu"pk‚qu"q"nqu"cfwnvqu0"Ukgortg"jcdt "f cu"gp"nqu"swg"rctg|ec"swg"
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eqp"swfi"rtqhwpfkfcf"ecncp"ncu"kfgcu0"Rqeq"c"rqeq."nc"rt evkec"fg"swkgvwf"{"ukngpekq"fglct "
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«De repente, todo cobra sentido cuando un día en que estemos a

punto de perder los nervios uno de nuestros alumnos nos diga que
respiremos profundamente.»
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nwict" gurgekcn" {" vtcpswknq" cn" swg" rwgfcp" kt" nqu" l„xgpgu" ukgortg" swg" pgegukvgp" ecnoc" {"
uqukgiq" rctc" tgewrgtct" gn" gswknkdtkq" kpvgtkqt" {" nc" ugtgpkfcf0" Vcodkfip" uktxg" ewcpfq" wp"
cnwopq" ug" ukgpvg" fgudqtfcfq." guvtgucfq." gphcfcfq" q" hwgtc" fg" eqpvtqn" goqekqpcnogpvg"
rqtswg."gp"gug"oqogpvq."guvct"uqnq"rwgfg"ugtng"fg"itcp"c{wfc0"Nq"oglqt"gu"swg"vqfqu"nqu"
cnwopqu"fg"nc"encug"eqpvtkdw{cp"c"fkug‚ctnq0"Cniwpqu"tkpeqpgu"fg"rc|"kpenw{gp"hqvqitch cu"q"
fkdwlqu" fg" nqu" nwictgu" rtghgtkfqu" fg" nqu" cnwopqu." q" dkgp" gngogpvqu" fg" nc" pcvwtcng|c."
fkdwlqu"tgnclcpvgu."tgxkuvcu."uqpkfqu."nkdtqu"rctc"eqnqtgct"o pfcncu."gve0"Nqu"o pfcncu"uqp"
fkdwlqu" ctoqpkququ" swg" uwgngp" kpeqtrqtct" wp" e tewnq0" Eqnqtgct" guvqu" e tewnqu" hqogpvc" nc"
rngpc"cvgpek„p"{"eqpekgpekc0"Gn"tkpe„p"fg"rc|"fgdg"ugt"uwhkekgpvgogpvg"itcpfg"eqoq"rctc"
"
78
"
swg." rqt" nq" ogpqu." swgrc" gp" fin" wp" guvwfkcpvg" vwodcfq." eqp" eqlkpgu" e„oqfqu." wp"
tgrtqfwevqt" fg" EF" {" cwtkewnctgu" eqp" o¿ukec" tgnclcpvg" q" itcdcekqpgu" fg" uqpkfqu" fg" nc"
pcvwtcng|c0" Fg" guvg" oqfq." nqu" pk‚qu" fkuhtwvct p" fg" nc" qrqtvwpkfcf" fg" tgiwnct" uwu"
goqekqpgu0"
Ncu"vtcpukekqpgu"{"gn"tguvq"fg"oqogpvqu"guvtgucpvgu"fwtcpvg"gn"f c"*rqt"glgornq."fwtcpvg"
nc" rtgrctcek„p" rctc" nc" eqokfc" q" ewcpfq" jc{" swg" clwuvctug" c" qvtq" jqtctkq+" uwrqpgp" wpc"
itcp" qrqtvwpkfcf" fg" fgvgpgtug" wp" oqogpvq" {" crtgekct" gn" rcuq" fg" wpc" cevkxkfcf" c" qvtc0"
Rqpgt" o¿ukec" en ukec" uwcxg" {" ngpvc" rwgfg" c{wfct" c" oqfkhkect" nc" ocpgtc" gp" nc" swg" pqu"
ugpvkoqu" gp" guqu" oqogpvqu0" Nc" o¿ukec" rwgfg" wvknk|ctug" fg" hqpfq." rgtq" vqfcx c" tguwnvc"
o u" ghkec|" ewcpfq" ug" etgc" wpc" Årcwuc" owukecnÇ." gu" fgekt." wpc" kpvgttwrek„p" fg"
crtqzkocfcogpvg" vtgu" okpwvqu" rctc" guewejct" wpc" ecpek„p" gp" ecnoc0" Ncu" rcwucu" rwgfgp"
rtqitcoctug" rctc" nqu" oqogpvqu" fg" vtcpukek„p." rctc" ewcpfq" nqu" pk‚qu" ug" jc{cp"
eqpegpvtcfq"gp"cniq"eqp"owejc"hwgt|c"{"pgegukvgp"rctct."q"rctc"ewcpfq"gorkgegp"c"ugpvkt"
nqu" u pvqocu" fg" guvtfiu0" Jc" swgfcfq" fgoquvtcfq" swg" guewejct" o¿ukec" tgnclcpvg" guv "
fktgevcogpvg" eqttgncekqpcfq" eqp" nc" fkuokpwek„p" fg" nc" xgnqekfcf" fg" tgurktcek„p" {" nc"
htgewgpekc"ectf cec."{"swg"rwgfg"oqfkhkect"pwguvtq"guvcfq"fg" pkoq0"
«Nuestra responsabilidad como adultos es preparar a los niños y

dotarlos de todas las habilidades y destrezas necesarias para que
sean los líderes que necesitamos que sean el día de mañana.»
Rqfgoqu"jcegtpqu"c"pquqvtqu"okuoqu"{"c"nqu"pk‚qu"wp"tgicnq"swg"ewguvc"ow{"rqeq."{"swg"
cfgo u"pqu"fcoqu"rqeq<"gn"ukngpekq0"Rctc"gnnq"fgdgoqu"gpeqpvtct"oqogpvqu"gp"nc"guewgnc"
rctc" vqoctpqu" wp" rgswg‚q" fguecpuq." rgtocpgegt" gp" ukngpekq" {" tgurktct" rtqhwpfcogpvg"
xctkcu" xgegu0" Rqt" glgornq." uk" nc" encug" gu" c" ¿nvkoc" jqtc" fgn" f c." rqfgoqu" kpuvcwtct" nc"
equvwodtg"fg"rcuct"wpqu"okpwvqu"gp"ukngpekq"cn"hkpcn"fgn"f c"{"rgfktngu"c"nqu"pk‚qu"swg"ug"
rgtecvgp" fg" nq" swg" xgp." q{gp" {" ukgpvgp" fwtcpvg" gug" tcvq0" Vcodkfip" rqfgoqu" kpenwkt"
oqogpvqu"fg"ukngpekq"gp"qvtcu"cevkxkfcfgu"eqoq"fkdwlct."guetkdkt"q"ecokpct0""
C{wfct" c" nqu" l„xgpgu" c" vgpgt" eqpekgpekc" eqtrqtcn" {" eqpgevct" eqp" ncu" ug‚cngu" fgn" ewgtrq"
vcodkfip"rwgfg"ugt"¿vkn0"Fg"rgswg‚qu."nqu"pk‚qu"ucdgp"guewejct"nq"swg"ngu"fkevc"gn"ewgtrq"
rgtq."c"ogfkfc"swg"etgegp."nqu"ogpuclgu"fgn"owpfq"gzvgtkqt"uwgngp"crncect"uw"ugpukdknkfcf"
pcvwtcn0"Ukp"godctiq."rctc"swg"nqu"pk‚qu"nqitgp"fgugodctc|ctug"fgn"guvtfiu."rtkogtq"fgdgp"
ugt" eqpuekgpvgu" fg" swg" nq" guv p" ukpvkgpfq." cu " swg" fgdgoqu" gzrnke tugnq" eqp" oqfgnqu<"
eqpvctngu" swg" gn" eqtc|„p" ncvg" fgudqecfq." nc" tgurktcek„p" ug" cegngtc" {" ug" rtqfwegp" qvtcu"
ug‚cngu" fg" cfxgtvgpekc0" Cu " rqft p" fctug" ewgpvc" fg"ew pfq" guv p" gzrgtkogpvcpfq" guvtfiu"
{."gp"ewcpvq"nqitgp"nc"eqpekgpekc"kpvgtkqt."gorg|ct p"c"ugt"ecrcegu"fg"tgfwekt"nc"tgceek„p"
fg"guvtfiu"fgn"ewgtrq0"
"
79
"
Cfgo u." nc"nkvgtcvwtc" vcodkfip" rwgfg" ugt" fg" itcp" wvknkfcf" rctc" tghqt|ct" nc" xkfc" kpvgtkqt" fg"
nqu"l„xgpgu0"Nggt"wp"nkdtq"gp"xq|"cnvc"rwgfg"ugt"wpc"hqtoc"octcxknnquc"fg"swg"nqu"l„xgpgu"
gzrgtkogpvgp"wp"oqogpvq"eqpvgorncvkxq."gurgekcnogpvg"uk"gzkuvg"kpvgpekqpcnkfcf0"Cn"nggt"
wp" nkdtq." nc" ecfgpekc" fkuokpw{g" kpogfkcvcogpvg" {" rqfgoqu" kpkekct" wpc" cevkxkfcf" o u"
rcwucfc0"Nqu"l„xgpgu"vcodkfip"gzrgtkogpvcp"eqp"ncu"xqegu"fg"nqu"fgo u"{"ug"rgtecvcp"fg"
nc"fkxgtukfcf"fg"goqekqpgu"swg"ncu"ceqorc‚cp0"Kpenwuq"ukp"rncpgctnq."rwgfg"jcdgt"owejqu"
oqogpvqu"gp"nqu"swg"nc"jkuvqtkc"pqu"nngxg"c"wp"nwict"o u"rtqhwpfq0"
Nc"kpvgitcek„p"fgn"crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcn"{"nc"gfwecek„p"
eqpvgorncvkxc<"wpc"gurgtcp|c"rctc"gn"hwvwtq""
Nqu" rtqhguqtgu" vkgpgp" kphkpkfcf" fg" qecukqpgu" fg" c{wfct" c" nqu" pk‚qu" c" ewnvkxct" uw" xkfc"
kpvgtkqt0"Okejcgn"Nqgd."wp"rtqhguqt"fg"vgtegtq"fg"rtkoctkc."fguetkdk„"uw"gzrgtkgpekc"gp"nqu"
ukiwkgpvgu"vfitokpqu<"
Å[q" okuoq" jg" guvcfq" guewejcpfq" ecfc" oc‚cpc." gp" gn" ogvtq." gn" glgtekekq" fg" tgnclcek„p"
rtqitgukxc" rctc" rgtuqpcu" fg" o u" fg" 34" c‚qu0" Gp" encug." jg" kpvgpvcfq" gn" glgtekekq" fg"
tgnclcek„p"rctc"pk‚qu"fg"gpvtg":"{"32"c‚qu0"Vtcu"fqu"f cu"fg"tgcnk|ct"gn"glgtekekq"eqorngvq."
jq{" xctkqu" cnwopqu" ug" jcp" fcfq" ewgpvc" fg" swg" pq" guvcdc" gp" gn" rtqitcoc" {" jcp"
gzencocfq<"Åxc{c."½ew pfq"jctgoqu"gn"glgtekekq"fg"tgnclcek„p"jq{AÇ0"Qvtq"guvwfkcpvg"og"
jc"rgfkfq"uk"rqf c"guewejctnq"ewcpfq"ug"jc"kfq"cn"Åtkpe„p"fg"rc|Ç"rctc"vtcpswknk|ctug"{"ug"
jc"rwguvq"nqu"cwtkewnctgu0Ç"
Nqu"cnwopqu"fg"nc"encug"fg"ewctvq"fg"rtkoctkc"fg"Xgtc"Un{y{pum{"ug"jcp"fcfq"ewgpvc"fg"nq"
korqtvcpvg"swg"gu"crtgpfgt"jcdknkfcfgu"goqekqpcngu"{"uqekcngu."rgtq"gurgekcnogpvg"etgct"
wpcu"eqpfkekqpgu"swg"rgtokvcp"wuctncu"gp"gn"cwnc0"Nc"fqegpvg"fguetkdg"nc"gzrgtkgpekc"swg"
jcp"vgpkfq"gnnc"{"uwu"cnwopqu"cn"etgct"gn"tkpe„p"fg"rc|<"
ÅNq"swg"o u"og"jc"octcxknncfq"fg"kpvtqfwekt"ncu"vfiepkecu"gp"encug"jc"ukfq"gn"kpvgtfiu"fg"nqu"
pk‚qu"rqt" gn"tkpe„p"fg"rc|0"Jcp"vtc fq"hqvqitch cu"rtgekqucu."rquvcngu"fg"nwictgu"e nkfqu"{"
gz„vkequ" {" cpkocnkvqu" fg" rgnwejg" rctc" fgeqtctnqÈ" {" pq" jcp" fwfcfq" pk" wp" ugiwpfq" gp"
wvknk|ctnq0" Wpc" ugocpc" fgurwfiu" fg" etgct" gn" tkpe„p" fg" rc|." gn" v q" fg" wpc" fg" oku" cnwopcu"
hcnngek„" gp" Gewcfqt" vtcu" wpc" nctic" dcvcnnc" eqpvtc" gn" e pegt0" Uw" hcoknkc"pq" rwfq" rgtokvktug"
xkclct"rctc"cukuvkt"cn"hwpgtcn."cu "swg" ok"cnwopc"citcfgek„"owejq"rqfgt"tgewttkt"cn"tkpe„p"
fg" rc|0" Nc" hcoknkc" fg" qvtc" fg" ncu" pk‚cu" uwhtk„" wp" fgucjwekq0" Gn" tkpe„p" fg" rc|" hwg" wp" itcp"
eqpuwgnq"rctc"gnnc0"Cjqtc"uw"hcoknkc"jc"tgewrgtcfq"nc"ecuc"{"guv "dkgp."rgtq"gn"ecuq"gu"swg"
ok" cnwopc" uwrq" gpeqpvtct" gp" nc" guewgnc" wpc" ocpgtc" fg" gphtgpvctug" c" nq" swg" ng" guvcdc"
rcucpfq"{"crtgpfgt0Ç"
"
80
"
ÅItcekcu" c" cniq" vcp" ugpeknnq" eqoq" gn" rgswg‚q" tkpe„p" fg" rc|" swg" jgoqu" etgcfq." oku"
cnwopqu"rwgfgp"gpeqpvtct"wp"rqeq"fg"rc|"gp"nc"xqt ikpg"fg"uw"twvkpc0"Og"rctgeg"cduwtfq"
rgpuct"swg"nqu"pk‚qu"rwgfgp"crtgpfgt"ukp"tgeqpqegt"pk"fglct"wp"gurcekq"rctc"rtqeguct"nqu"
kpetg dngu"tgvqu"{"fwt ukoqu"qduv ewnqu"c"nqu"swg"ug"gphtgpvcp0"¾Guvq{"eqpvgpv ukoc"fg"swg"
oku" cnwopqu" jc{cp" hqtlcfq" vqfqu" lwpvqu" wp" nwict" ugiwtq" rctc" gorg|ct" c" ewtctug." c"
uqdtgxkxkt"{"c"crtgekct"nc"cngit c"fg"crq{ctpqu"wpqu"c"qvtqu#Ç"
«Gracias a algo tan sencillo como el pequeño rincón de

paz, los alumnos pueden encontrar un poco de sosiego en
la vorágine de su rutina.»
Ewcpfq" rkgpuq" gp" nqu" pk‚qu" swg" hqtocp" rctvg" fg" ok" xkfc." og" rtgiwpvq<" ½swfi" swkgtq"
tgcnogpvg" rctc" gnnquA" ½Ew ngu" uqp" ncu" gurgtcp|cu" swg" cndgtiq" rctc" ecfc" wpqA" Ug" og"
qewttgp" xctkcu" tgurwguvcu" gp" hwpek„p" fg" ncu" pgegukfcfgu." xktvwfgu" {" rctvkewnctkfcfgu" fg"
ecfc"pk‚q0"Ukp"godctiq."jc{"cniq"swg"pq"ecodkc<"swg"nqitgp"q"pq"nqitgp"ocvgtkcnk|ct"uwu"
uwg‚qu" fgrgpfgt " fg" uk" ngu" jgoqu" gpug‚cfq" c" vgpgt" nc" hwgt|c" kpvgtkqt" pgeguctkc" rctc"
gphtgpvctug" c" nqu" tgvqu" fg" nc" xkfc" eqvkfkcpc." fg" uk" uqp" ecrcegu" fg" tgukuvkt" ewcpfq" ug"
gphtgpvgp" c" qduv ewnqu" w" qrqtvwpkfcfgu" {" fg" uk" rwgfgp" tgewrgtctug" g" kpenwuq" ucnkt"
tghqt|cfqu"ewcpfq"nc"xkfc"nqu"rqpic"c"rtwgdc0""
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kpekgtvq"eqoq"rctc"swg"pq"jcicp"ceqrkq"fg"wpc"tgugtxc"kpvgtpc"fg"hwgt|c"c"nc"swg"rwgfcp"
tgewttkt" nwgiq0" Nqu" dgpghkekqu" vkgpgp" wp" cnecpeg" corn ukoq<" fgufg" wpc" ucnwf" oglqt."
rcucpfq" rqt" wpc" oc{qt" ecrcekfcf" fg" crtgpfgt." jcuvc" wpc" xkfc" o u" tgcnk|cfc" {" hgnk|0"
Pwguvtc" tgurqpucdknkfcf" eqoq" cfwnvqu" gu" rtgrctct" c" nqu" pk‚qu" {" fqvctnqu" fg" vqfcu" ncu"
jcdknkfcfgu"{"fguvtg|cu"pgeguctkcu"rctc"swg"ugcp"nqu"n fgtgu"swg"pgegukvcoqu"swg"ugcp"gn"
f c" fg" oc‚cpc0" Eqoq" fge c" Icpfjk." rctc" c{wfctnqu" fgdgoqu" Åugt" gn" ecodkq" swg"
fgugcoqu"xgt"gp"gn"owpfqÇ0"
Dkdnkqitch c""
Cogtkecp"Ru{ejqnqikecn"Cuuqekcvkqp0"*4229+0"Uvtguu<" c"oclqt"jgcnvj"rtqdngo"kp"vjg"W0U." yctpu" CRC0"

Cxckncdng"qpnkpg"cv"yyy0crc0qti1tgngcugu1uvtguurtqdngo0jvon30"
Fgtoqpf."Wujc"U0"*4229+0"Ecno"cpf"eqorcuukqpcvg"ejknftgpÏc"jcpfdqqm0"Dgtmgng{<"Egnguvkcn"Ctvu/
Vgp"Urggf"Rtguu0"
gpjcpekpi"uvwfgpvuÓ"uqekcn"cpf"goqvkqpcn"ngctpkpi<"C"ogvc/cpcn{uku"qh"uejqqn"dcugf"wpkxgtucn"
kpvgtxgpvkqpu0"Ejknf"Fgxgnqrogpv.":4."3."627/6540"
Gnkcu."O"L0."Vqdkcu."U0"G0."Htkgfncpfgt."D0"U0"*4222+0"Goqvkqpcnn{"kpvgnnkigpv"rctgpvkpi<"jqy"vq"tckug"c"
"
81
"
ugnh/fkuekrnkpgf."tgurqpukdng."uqekcnn{"umknngf"ejknf0"Pgy"[qtm<"Tcpfqo"Jqwug0"
Gnkcu." O0L" ." ¥kpu." L0G0." Ygkuudgti." T0R0." Htg{." M0U0." Itggpdgti." O0V0." Jc{pgu." P0O0." Mguungt." T.0"
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Iwkfgnkpgu"hqt"gfwecvqtu0"Cngzcpftkc<"Cuuqekcvkqp"hqt"Uwrgtxkukqp"cpf"Ewttkewnwo0"
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Iqngocp."F0"*3;;:+0"Yqtmkpi"ykvj"goqvkqpcn"kpvgnnkigpeg0"Pgy"[qtm<"Dcpvco"Dqqmu0"
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hqt"gfwecvkqp"*rr0"489/4;4+0"Ejctnqvvg."PE<"Kphqtocvkqp"Cig"Rwdnkujkpi."Kpe0"
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Wugf"ykvj"rgtokuukqp0"
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ejknftgp0"Dqwnfgt<"Uqwpfu"Vtwg0"
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Kpvgtkqt"gp"pk‚qu"{"l„xgpgu0"Ocftkf."Ciwknct0"
N{pguu." F0" *4227+0" Jgnrkpi" mkfu" eqrg" ykvj" uvtguu00" Cxckncdng" qpnkpg" cv"
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QÓDtkgp."O0W0."Tgupkm."J0"*422;+0"Vjg"Knnkpqku"Uqekcn"cpf"Goqvkqpcn"Ngctpkpi" Uvcpfctfu<"Ngcfkpi"vjg"
Yc{"qh"Uejqqn"cpf"Uvwf{"Uweeguu0"Knnkpqku<"Knnkpqku"Rtkpekrcnu"Cuuqekcvkqp"Xqn0"38."Pq0"90""
Tqgugt." T0Y0." Rgem." U0E0." Pcukt." P0U0" *4228+0" Ugnh" cpf" kfgpvkv{" rtqeguugu" kp" uejqqn" oqvkxcvkqp."
ngctpkpi." cpf" cejkgxgogpv0" Kp" R0C0" Cngzcpfgt." R0J0" Ykppg." *Gfu0+0" Jcpfdqqm" qh" gfwecvkqpcn"
ru{ejqnqi{."4pf"gfkvkqp"*rr0"5;3/646"+0"Ocjycj."PL<"Ncytgpeg"Gtndcwo0"
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Cogtkecp"Ru{ejqnqikuv."580"
Uvgtpdgti."T0"*3;;8+0"Uweeguuhwn"kpvgnnkigpeg0"Pgy"[qtm<"Ukoqp"("Uejwuvgt0"
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cpf"goqvkqpcn"ngctpkpi<"Yjcv"fqgu"vjg"tgugctej"uc{A"Pgy"[qtm<"Vgcejgtu"Eqnngig."Eqnwodkc"
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"
82
"
90"Nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"gn"Tgkpq"Wpkfq"
Rknct"Ciwkngtc""
Gn"rtqitcoc"UGCN"
Ncu" rqn vkecu" gfwecvkxcu" gp" gn" Tgkpq" Wpkfq" jcp" rwguvq" wp" fiphcuku" gp" ictcpvk|ct" ogfkfcu"
wpkxgtucngu"fg"rtqvgeek„p"fgn"fgucttqnnq"fgn"rqvgpekcn"fgn"cnwopcfq0"Gp"nc"¿nvkoc"ffiecfc"ug"
jc" jgejq" wp" itcp" cxcpeg" gp" gn" fkug‚q." korngogpvcek„p" {" gxcnwcek„p" fg" rtqitcocu" fg"
crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcn"*CUG+0"
Gn" rtqitcoc" UGCN" *Uqekcn" cpf" Goqvkqpcn" Curgevu" qh" Ngctpkpi+" ug" rwgfg" vtcfwekt" rqt"
curgevqu" fgn" crtgpfk|clg" uqekcn" {" goqekqpcn" {" vkgpg" eqoq" qdlgvkxq" nc" cfswkukek„p" fg"
jcdknkfcfgu"uqekcngu."goqekqpcngu"{"fgn"eqorqtvcokgpvq"eqoq"ogfkq"rctc"rtqrqtekqpct"wp"
enkoc"goqekqpcn"rqukvkxq"rctc"nc" eqpxkxgpekc"gp"nqu"egpvtqu" {" eqoq"oqfq"fg"hcxqtgegt" gn"
crtgpfk|clg" ghgevkxq" {" gn" fgucttqnnq" rtqhgukqpcn0" Ug" eqorqpg" fg" ekpeq" jcdknkfcfgu<" nc"
cwvqeqpekgpekc." nc" tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcn." nc" oqvkxcek„p." nc" gorcv c" {" ncu" jcdknkfcfgu"
uqekcngu0"
«Adquirir las habilidades del programa SEAL capacita a los alumnos

para un mayor éxito en sus estudios, relaciones y en la resolución
de conflictos de modo justo y efectivo.»
Guvcu" jcdknkfcfgu" chgevcp" c" vqfqu" nqu" odkvqu" fg" nc" xkfc" gueqnct." fgn" jqict" {" fg" nc"
eqowpkfcf" nqecn0" Cfswktktncu" tgrgtewvg" rqukvkxcogpvg" gp" gn" cnwopcfq" swg" eqpxkxg" gp" wp"
codkgpvg" fg" crtgpfk|clg" gp" swg" ug" hqogpvc" nc" ucnwf" goqekqpcn" {" gn" dkgpguvct0" Gnnq"
ecrcekvc."cukokuoq."c"nqu"cnwopqu"rctc"wp"oc{qt"fizkvq"gp"uwu"guvwfkqu."gp"uwu"tgncekqpgu"
eqp"nqu"fgo u."{"c"nc"jqtc"fg"tguqnxgt"eqphnkevqu"fg"oqfq"lwuvq"{"ghgevkxq."gve0"
Gn"UGCN"gu"wp"eqplwpvq"fg"rtqegfkokgpvqu"{"ocvgtkcngu"qticpk|cfq"gp"hqtoc"fg"ewtt ewnwo"
gzrn ekvq"{"guvtwevwtcfq"rctc"nc"kpvgitcek„p"ewttkewnct0"Korngogpvctnq"rtguwrqpg"hceknkvct"wp"
gphqswg" inqdcn" " gp" nqu" egpvtqu" fg" gfwecek„p" rtkoctkc" {" ugewpfctkc" *FhGU." 4227=" FEUH."
4229+0"
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eqorqtvcokgpvq"rqukvkxq."nc"cukuvgpekc"{"gn"tgpfkokgpvq"gueqnct"gp"rtkoctkc0"Nqu"tguwnvcfqu"
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"
83
LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL EN EL REINO UNIDO – PILAR AGUILERA
"
gp" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" fgn" CUG" gp" gn" odkvq" gueqnct" {" guvq." cukokuoq." jc" tgxgtvkfq"
rqukvkxcogpvg"gp"curgevqu"eqoq"nc"oglqtc"fgn"eqorqtvcokgpvq."gn"dkgpguvct"goqekqpcn."nc"
tgfweek„p"fgn"dwnn{kpi."gn"ocpglq"fg"nc"ktc."gve0"*Jcnnco"gv"cn0."4228="Jcnnco."422;+0"
Gp" eqpugewgpekc." gp" gn" c‚q" 4227" nqu" ocvgtkcngu" ewttkewnctgu" UGCN" hwgtqp" fkhwpfkfqu"
itcvwkvcogpvg" rctc" vqfcu" ncu" guewgncu" fg" gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc." nngicpfq" c" ugt" korncpvcfqu"
gp"wp";2'"fg"guewgncu"gp"gn"42320"Gp"gn"4229"ug"ncp|„"gn"UGCN"fg"ugewpfctkc."{"gp"gn"c‚q"
4232"wp"92'"fg"egpvtqu"nq"guvcdcp"korngogpvcpfq0"Gp"gn"4233."eqp"nc"gpvtcfc"fgn"rctvkfq"
eqpugtxcfqt" gp" gn" Iqdkgtpq" {" uwu" pwgxcu" rqn vkecu" gp" ocvgtkc" gfwecvkxc" guvc" ekhtc" jc"
fgetgekfq" uwuvcpekcnogpvg" fgdkfq" c" nc" hcnvc" fg" crq{q" rqt" rctvg" fgn" pwgxq" Fgrctvogpv" qh"
Gfwecvkqp" gp" gn" Tgkpq" Wpkfq0" Ukp" godctiq." nc" rqrwnctkfcf" g" kpvgtfiu" rqt" gn" UGCN" ug"
ocpvkgpg"xkigpvg"fg"vcn"hqtoc"swg"ug"rtqfwegp"pwgxqu"ocvgtkcngu"{"gphqswgu0"
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UGCN"gp"nc"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc"{"ugewpfctkc"
Nqu" ocvgtkcngu" Rtkoct{" {" Ugeqpfct{" UGCN" cdctecp" ekpeq" eqorgvgpekcu" fkxkfkfcu" gp" fqu"
tgcu<" gn" tgc" kpvtcrgtuqpcn" *swg" eqpvkgpg" nc" cwvqeqpekgpekc." nc" tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcn" {" nc"
oqvkxcek„p+."{"gn" tgc"kpvgtrgtuqpcn"*gorcv c"{"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"uqekcngu+0"Ecfc"wpq"fg"nqu"
ekpeq" curgevqu" gpinqdc" wpc" ugtkg" fg" jcdknkfcfgu" uqekcngu." goqekqpcngu" {" fgn"
eqorqtvcokgpvq"swg"eqpuvkvw{gp"gn"eqpqekokgpvq."ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"{"nc"eqortgpuk„p"swg"gn"
cnwopcfq"fgdg"fgoquvtct"jcdgt"cfswktkfq0"
Gp" nc" gfwecek„p" rtkoctkc." gn" UGCN" gu" wpc" rtkqtkfcf." rwguvq" swg" hqogpvc" gn" crtgpfk|clg"
ghgevkxq" {" eqpvtkdw{g" c" fgucttqnnct" ncu" jcdknkfcfgu" pgeguctkcu" rctc" ocpvgpgt" tgncekqpgu"
rgtuqpcngu" rqukvkxcu." tguqnxgt" rtqdngocu." cfqrvct" wpc" xkfc" ucpc." {" ugt" ekwfcfcpqu"
tgurqpucdngu"*FhGU."4227+0"
"
84
"
Nqu"ocvgtkcngu"ewttkewnctgu"guv p"c"fkurqukek„p"fg"vqfc"nc"eqowpkfcf"{"uwu"qdlgvkxqu"uqp<"
30 Eqpvtkdwkt" cn" fgucttqnnq" fg" wp" enkoc" goqekqpcn" rqukvkxq" rctc" nc" eqpxkxgpekc" {" gn"
dkgpguvct"gp"nc"guewgnc0"
40 Hcxqtgegt" qdlgvkxqu" gurge hkequ" fg" ect evgt" vtcpuxgtucn" uqdtg" gfwecek„p" rctc" nc"
ucnwf"{"ekwfcfcp c0"
50 Fgucttqnnct"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"goqekqpcngu"{"uqekcngu"fgufg"wp"gphqswg"fg"kpvgitcek„p"
ewttkewnct" gp" tgcu" eqoq" nc" ngevwtc." ncu" ocvgo vkecu." jkuvqtkc." tgnkik„p." ctvg."
o¿ukec."lwgiq."gve0"
Ncu" fkxgtucu" wpkfcfgu" fkf evkecu" fg" nqu" ocvgtkcngu" UGCN" hcxqtgegp" gn" guvcdngekokgpvq" fg"
rtqitcocu" pcekqpcngu" eqoq" gn" rtqitcoc" fg" fgucttqnnq" ewnvwtcn." gurktkvwcn" {" oqtcn." {" nqu"
rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p" rctc" nc" ucnwf0" Gn" Rtkoct{" UGCN" kpenw{g" tgewtuqu" rctc" nc"
rtqitcocek„p" fg" ncu" cucodngcu" gueqnctgu" {" rctc" rtqoqxgt" gn" crtgpfk|clg" eqqrgtcvkxq" c"
vtcxfiu" fg" ekteng" vkog" *xgt" glgornq" gp" gn" crctvcfq" ÅUGCN" gp" gfwecek„p" rtkoctkcÇ" fg" guvg"
okuoq" ecr vwnq+0" Vcodkfip" eqpvkgpg" kfgcu" rctc" qticpk|ct" tgwpkqpgu" {" rtqoqxgt" gn"
fgucttqnnq"rtqhgukqpcn"fgn"encwuvtq"gueqnct."wpkfcfgu"fkf evkecu"rctc"oglqtct"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"
goqekqpcngu" {" uqekcngu" fg" ncu" hcoknkcu." {" qvtqu" tgewtuqu" rgfci„ikequ" eqp" hkpcnkfcfgu"
ukoknctgu0"
Gp"nc"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc."gn"oqfgnq"fg"kpvgtxgpek„p"eqpuvc"fg"vtgu"pkxgngu<""
30 Gpug‚cp|c"fg"jcdknkfcfgu"uqekcngu."goqekqpcngu"{"fgn"eqorqtvcokgpvq"rctc"vqfq"gn"
cnwopcfq." rctc" rtqoqxgt" nc" ucnwf" goqekqpcn" {" gn" dkgpguvct." c" vtcxfiu" fg" wp"
oqfgnq"fg"ewttkewnwo"gurktcn0"
40 Kpvgtxgpek„p" gp" itwrqu" tgfwekfqu" rctc" nqu" swg" tgswkgtgp" crq{q" cfkekqpcn." lwpvq"
eqp"crq{q"c"ncu"hcoknkcu0"
50 Kpvgtxgpek„p"kpfkxkfwcnk|cfc0"
Gn" Ugeqpfct{" UGCN" hwg" rwdnkecfq" gp" 42290" ¡uvg" hwg" fkhwpfkfq" c" vqfqu" nqu" egpvtqu" eqp" gn"
rtqr„ukvq"fg"swg"gn"cnwopcfq"swg"jcd c"tgekdkfq"gn"UGCN"gp"rtkoctkc"rwfkgtc"eqpvkpwct"eqp"
guvg"vtcdclq"gp"gfcfgu"uwrgtkqtgu0"Nqu"ocvgtkcngu"ewttkewnctgu"fg"ugewpfctkc"guv p"dcucfqu"
gp" nqu" okuoqu" rtkpekrkqu" swg" nqu" fg" rtkoctkc" *FEUH." 4229+0" C" vtcxfiu" fg" wp" gphqswg"
vtcpuxgtucn." gn" Ugeqpfct{" UGCN" eqpvtkdw{g" c" oglqtct" gn" eqorqtvcokgpvq" {" nc" cukuvgpekc"
gueqnct."hceknkvct"wp"codkgpvg"fg"crtgpfk|clg"kpenwukxq."{"rtqoqxgt"nc"fkxgtukfcf"{"gttcfkect"
gn"dwnn{kpi."nc"xkqngpekc"{"gn"tcekuoq."gve0"
"
85
"
Gn" Rtkoct{" {" Ugeqpfct{" UGCN" ug" cfcrvcp" c" ncu" pgegukfcfgu" fg" nc" eqowpkfcf" gfwecvkxc"
ukiwkgpfq" wp" oqfgnq" fg" rtqitcoc" hngzkdng" {" guvtwevwtcfq" swg" rctvg" fg" eqpqekokgpvqu"
gzrn ekvqu" swg" ug" hceknkvcp" gp" gn" cwnc" {" gp" ncu" cucodngcu." {" swg" rgpgvtc" gp" gn" ewtt ewnwo"
qewnvq" pwvtkgpfq" wpc" ewnvwtc" rqukvkxc" swg" kortgipc" gn" codkgpvg" gp" uw" vqvcnkfcf."
gzvgpfkfipfqug"jcekc"nc"eqowpkfcf"nqecn0"
Nqu" ocvgtkcngu" guv p" guvtwevwtcfqu" gp" ukgvg" vgocu" swg" ugt p" vtcvcfqu" fwtcpvg" vqfq" wp"
ewtuq" gueqnct0" Ecfc" wpq" guv " fkug‚cfq" rctc" ugt" korngogpvcfq" gp" vqfcu" ncu" tgcu" fg"
crtgpfk|clg"c"oqfq"fg"ewtt ewnwo"gzrn ekvq"{"gp"gurktcn"*rctc"cornkct."xgt"Ciwkngtc."422;+0"
Ecfc" vgoc" eqokgp|c" ukgpfq" rtgugpvcfq" gp" nc" cucodngc" gueqnct" {" fg" cj " ug" gzvkgpfg" c"
qvtqu" eqpvgzvqu" fg" crtgpfk|clg0" Guvq" ukipkhkec" swg" ewcpfq" gn" cnwopq" rcug" c" wp" ewtuq"
uwrgtkqt"xqnxgt "c"tgekdkt"nqu"okuoqu"vgocu"fg"hqtoc"cfgewcfc"c"uw"gfcf"*Ciwkngtc."422;="
FhGU."4227+0"
Gn"CUG"{"nqu"gphqswgu"inqdcngu"gp"gfwecek„p"
Nc"cfqrek„p"fg"rtqitcocu"dcucfqu"gp"gn"CUG"gp"nqu"egpvtqu"gfwecvkxqu"ug"jc"eqpukfgtcfq"
wp" gngogpvq" egpvtcn" gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" wp" itcp" p¿ogtq" fg" eqpugewgpekcu" rqukvkxcu" rctc"
nqu" pk‚qu" {" l„xgpgu" eqoq" uqp" gn" crtgpfk|clg" ghgevkxq." gn" eqorqtvcokgpvq" rqukvkxq" {" nc"
oglqtc"fgn"tgpfkokgpvq"gueqnct"*Gnkcu"gv"cn0."3;;9="Jcnnco"gv"cn0."4228="Ygctg."4226+0"
«El SEAL en secundaria contribuye a mejorar el comportamiento y la

asistencia escolar, y a promover la diversidad y erradicar el bullying,
la violencia y el racismo.»
Gn" CUG" jc" ukfq" fghkpkfq" eqoq" gn" rtqeguq" fg" cfswkukek„p" fg" eqorgvgpekcu" d ukecu" rctc"
tgeqpqegt" {" ocpglct" ncu" goqekqpgu." hklctug" {" eqpugiwkt" qdlgvkxqu" rqukvkxqu." crtgekct" ncu"
rgturgevkxcu" fg" qvtqu." vqoct" fgekukqpgu" tgurqpucdngu" {" ocpglct" ukvwcekqpgu"
kpvgtrgtuqpcngu" fg" ocpgtc" eqpuvtwevkxc" *Gnkcu" gv" cn0." 3;;9+0" Guvg" oqfgnq" guv " tgurcnfcfq"
rqt"gxkfgpekcu"fg"guvwfkqu"tkiwtququ"gp"gn"eqpvgzvq"fg"nqu"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"swg"chktocp"swg"
nqu"rtqitcocu"dcucfqu"gp"gn"CUG"guv p"cuqekcfqu"eqp"tguwnvcfqu"rqukvkxqu"eqoq"nc"oglqtc"
fg"cevkvwfgu" gp"wpq"okuoq" {"gp"nqu"fgo u." gn"cwogpvq"fgn"eqorqtvcokgpvq"rtquqekcn."nc"
tgfweek„p" fg" rtqdngocu" fg" eqorqtvcokgpvq" {" gn" cwogpvq" fgn" tgpfkokgpvq" cecffiokeq"
*Ecvcncpq"gv"cn0."3;;;="Fwtncm"gv"cn0."4233="¥kpu"gv"cn0."4226+0"
Wp"gphqswg"inqdcn"{"jqn uvkeq"gu"gn"swg"rtqfweg"oglqtgu"tguwnvcfqu."ugi¿p"ug"fgurtgpfg"fg"
ncu"kpxguvkicekqpgu"*Ygctg"{"Itc{."4225="Ygnnu"gv"cn0."4225+0"Guvg"vkrq"fg"gphqswgu"gp"gn"
fgucttqnnq" goqekqpcn" {" uqekcn" xc" o u" cnn " fg" nc" kpvgtxgpek„p" kpfkxkfwcn" q" eqp" pk‚qu" eqp"
"
86
"
pgegukfcfgu" gurgekcngu." {c" swg" cdctec" c" vqfc" nc" eqowpkfcf" gfwecvkxc" *cnwopcfq."
rtqhguqtcfq."cukuvgpvgu"fg"crq{q."ugtxkekqu"fg"qtkgpvcek„p."hcoknkcu."eqowpkfcf"nqecn."gve0+0"
Nc" gfwecek„p" ug" kpkekc" gp" wp" rgtkqfq" vgortcpq" fg" fgucttqnnq" {" ug" gzvkgpfg" c" nq" nctiq" fg"
vqfc" nc" xkfc0" Guvqu" gphqswgu" guv p" dcucfqu" gp" nqu" rtqitcocu" wpkxgtucngu" swg" cvkgpfgp" c"
ncu"pgegukfcfgu"fg"vqfqu"nqu"pk‚qu." c"fkhgtgpekc"fg" cswgnnqu"hqecnk|cfqu"gp"kpvgtxgpekqpgu"
gurge hkecu" rctc" pk‚qu" gp" ukvwcek„p" fg" tkguiq" q" swg" gzrgtkogpvcp" rtqdngocu" uqekcngu."
goqekqpcngu"{"fgn"eqorqtvcokgpvq"*FEUH."4229="Jworjtg{"gv"cn0."4232+0"
Nqu"gphqswgu"inqdcngu"gp"gn" odkvq"fgn"fgucttqnnq"goqekqpcn."cwp"kpenw{gpfq"nc"rtgxgpek„p"
fg" rtqdngocu" c" vtcxfiu" fgn" fgucttqnnq" fg" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" {" uqekcngu" gp" gn"
ewtt ewnwo."hcxqtgegp."cukokuoq."nc"rtqoqek„p"fgn"dkgpguvct"fgufg"wp"gphqswg"rqukvkxq"fgn"
enkoc" gueqnct" {" fg" fkhgtgpvgu" gpvqtpqu." eqoq" gn" hcoknkct" {" gn" eqowpkvctkq." ogfkcpvg" wpc"
kornkecek„p" cevkxc" {" eqngikcfc" gp" nc" vqoc" fg" fgekukqpgu" c" vtcxfiu" fg" tgfgu" {" gswkrqu"
ghgevkxqu0" Guvg" vkrq" fg" gphqswgu" pq" uqncogpvg" ug" egpvtcp" gp" nqu" ofivqfqu" fg" gpug‚cp|c/
crtgpfk|clg"wucfqu"gp"gn"cwnc."ukpq"swg"ug"rqpg"gn"fiphcuku"rtkpekrcnogpvg"gp"nc"inqdcnkfcf"
fg"nqu" egpvtqu" gfwecvkxqu" eqoq"qticpk|cekqpgu0"Fg"cj "swg"ug"rtguvg" gurgekcn"cvgpek„p"cn"
fgucttqnnq" fg" nc|qu" chgevkxqu" gpvtg" vqfc" nc" eqowpkfcf." c" nc" eqowpkecek„p" {" nc" iguvk„p." cn"
codkgpvg"h ukeq"fg"nqu"egpvtqu."cn"ewtt ewnwo."c"nqu"ofivqfqu"fg"crtgpfk|clg"{"cn"Tgincogpvq"
fg"Tfiikogp"Kpvgtpq."gpvtg"qvtqu"curgevqu"*Ciwkngtc."422;+0"
Hcevqtgu"swg"hcxqtgegp"ncu"dwgpcu"rt evkecu"gp"gn"CUG"
Jc{" wpc" ugtkg" fg" hcevqtgu" swg" hcxqtgegp" nc" rwguvc" gp" rt evkec" fgn" CUG" {" nqu" tguwnvcfqu"
rqukvkxqu"*Fwtncm"gv"cn0."4232="Fwtncm."3;;9+<"
30 Wuct"wp"gphqswg"hqtocvkxq"ugewgpekcfq"rcuq"c"rcuq0"
40 Gorngct"ogvqfqnqi cu"cevkxcu"rctc"swg"gn"cnwopcfq"vgpic"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"fg"rqpgt"
gp"rt evkec"ncu"pwgxcu"jcdknkfcfgu0"
50 Fgfkect"wp"vkgorq"gurge hkeq"hqecnk|cfq"eqp"cvgpek„p"cfgewcfc"c"nc"hqtocek„p0"
60 Hqtownct"qdlgvkxqu"gzrn ekvqu"enctcogpvg"fghkpkfqu0"
Guvcu" tgeqogpfcekqpgu" jcp" ukfq" tguwokfcu" gp" gn" cet„pkoq" UCHG" *Ugewgpekcfq." Cevkxq."
Hqecnk|cfq."{"Gzrn ekvq+0"
Ug" gurgtc" swg" nqu" hceknkvcfqtgu" fg" rtqitcocu" swg" vgpicp" gp" ewgpvc" guvqu" tcuiqu" cn"
rtqoqxgt"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"rgtuqpcngu"{"uqekcngu"ugt p"o u"ghgevkxqu"swg"cswgnnqu"swg"pq"nqu"
vgpicp" gp" ewgpvcp" c" nc" jqtc" fg" rtqoqxgt" ncu" jcdknkfcfgu" fg" fgucttqnnq" *Fwtncm" gv" cn0."
"
87
"
4232=" Fwtncm" gv" cn0." 4233+0" Cniwpcu" kpxguvkicekqpgu" fgowguvtcp" swg" owejqu" egpvtqu"
gfwecvkxqu" pq" uqp" ghgevkxqu" gp" rtqoqxgt" gn" CUG." {c" swg" gp" nc" rwguvc" gp" rt evkec" ug"
rtqegfg" eqp" rqec" hkfgnkfcf" q" nq" jcegp" kpeqttgevcogpvg0" Rctc" nc" ghgevkxkfcf" fgdg"
ictcpvk|ctug"nc"ecnkfcf"fg"nc"korngogpvcek„p"*Fwtncm."3;;:="Fwtncm"gv"cn0."4232="Itggpdgti"
gv"cn0."4227="Okjcnke"gv"cn0."422:+0""
Nqu" guvwfkqu" tkiwtququ" uqdtg" nqu" hcevqtgu" swg" hceknkvcp" ncu" dwgpcu" rt evkecu" gp" nc"
korngogpvcek„p"rqpgp"fg"ocpkhkguvq"swg"nqu"rtqitcocu"ghgevkxqu"wucp"ocvgtkcngu"enctqu"{"
gzrn ekvqu0"Guvqu"rtqitcocu"hqtocp"rctvg"fg"wp"rncp"guvtcvfiikeq"gp"uw"korngogpvcek„p"gp"
nqu" egpvtqu" {" uqp" kpvgitcfqu" gp" ncu" rt evkecu" fkctkcu0" Ug" qdugtxc" wp" enctq" crq{q" fgn"
fktgevqt0"Nqu"n fgtgu" qhtgegp"qtkgpvcek„p."eqcejkpi"g"kpurktcek„p"cn"rgtuqpcn"cn"eqqtfkpct"nc"
kpkekcvkxc"gp"uwu"egpvtqu0"
«Para implementar el SEAL es importante implicar a toda la

comunidad educativa.»
Qvtq"curgevq"c"tgucnvct"gu"gn"crq{q"qticpk|cekqpcn"c"vtcxfiu"fgn"ewcn"ug"rtqrqtekqpc"vkgorq"
{" cornkcu" qrqtvwpkfcfgu" fg" fgucttqnnq" rtqhgukqpcn." hqtocn" g" kphqtocn." rctc" eqorctvkt" gn"
eqpqekokgpvq"uqdtg"ncu"dwgpcu"rt evkecu."nc"eqqtfkpcek„p"ghgevkxc."{"nc"kornkecek„p"fg"vqfqu"
nqu" okgodtqu" fg" nc" eqowpkfcf" gfwecvkxc0" Vcodkfip" ug" tgucnvc" gn" cnvq" pkxgn" fg"
rtqhgukqpcnkfcf" g" kpuvtweek„p" ghgevkxc." gve0" *Rc{pg" gv" cn0." 4228=" Gnkcu" gv" cn0." 4222." 4225="
Itggpdgti"gv"cn0."4227="Jcnnco"gv"cn0."4228="Okpi"Mco"gv"cn0."4225="Dwuvqp"gv"cn0."4224="
Fgxcpg{"gv"cn0."4228="Jcnnco"gv"cn0."4228+0"
Rtqeguq"fg"korngogpvcek„p"fgn"rtq{gevq"UGCN"
Rctc"korngogpvct" gn"UGCN"fgufg"wp" gphqswg"inqdcn"swg"rtqrqpic"cdctect"wpc"fkxgtukfcf"

cornkc"fg" tgcu"fg"crtgpfk|clg."gu"korqtvcpvg"kornkect"c"vqfc"nc"eqowpkfcf"gfwecvkxc0"Gn"
tgvq"rctc"nqu"egpvtqu"eqpukuvg"gp"guvcdngegt."fgucttqnnct"{"uquvgpgt"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"uqekcngu"
{"goqekqpcngu"fg"ocpgtc"ukuvgo vkec."pwvtkgpfq"wp"codkgpvg"{"ewnvwtc"fg"egpvtq"rtqrkekqu"
rctc" gn" fk nqiq." nc" rncpkhkecek„p" {" nc" ecrcekvcek„p" gpvtg" vqfqu" nqu" cigpvgu" fg" nc" gfwecek„p"
*FEUH."4229+0"
Gp" guvg" rtqeguq" gu" korqtvcpvg" hqogpvct" swg" vqfc" nc" eqowpkfcf" gueqnct" tghngzkqpg" {"
rctvkekrg"gp"nc"vqoc"fg"fgekukqpgu"rctc"nngict"c"crnkect"ogfkfcu"eqjgtgpvgu"swg"crqtvgp"wp"
ukipkhkecfq" rtqhwpfq" c" vqfqu" nqu" okgodtqu0" Cukokuoq." cn" korncpvct" gphqswgu" ukuvgo vkequ"
ug" tgswkgtg" rtguvct" wpc" gurgekcn" cvgpek„p" cn" nkfgtc|iq" kpuvkvwekqpcn0" Gnnq" kphnw{g" gp" gn"
fgucttqnnq"fg"wpc"xkuk„p"eqorctvkfc"swg"crqtvg"eqjgtgpekc."ctvkewncek„p"{"guvtcvgikc"c"nqu"
qdlgvkxqu"fg"nqu"rtqitcocu"q"ecodkqu"c"korncpvct"*Ciwkngtc."4229+0""
"
88
"
Gp" gn" rtqeguq" fg" rncpkhkecek„p" {" rwguvc" gp" octejc" fgn" UGCN" ug" rqpft p" gp" rt evkec" wpc"
ugtkg" fg" ceekqpgu." nc" rtkogtc" fg" ncu" ewcngu" eqpukuvg" gp" wp" fkcip„uvkeq" uqdtg" ncu"
eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"fgn"cnwopcfq"*Hcwrgn."4225+0"Fkejq"rtqeguq"rcuc"vcodkfip"rqt"
rncpkhkect" wp" vgoc" gurge hkeq" gp" ncu" cucodngcu" {" gp" fkxgtuqu" gurcekqu" fg" crtgpfk|clg" c"
vtcxfiu" fg" ncu" cevkxkfcfgu" fgn" ewttkewnwo" hqtocn" g" kphqtocn" *eqoq" gn" rtqitcoc" fg" ucnwf."
fgucttqnnq" rgtuqpcn" {" ekwfcfcp c" *Ciwkngtc." 4232+" fwtcpvg" wp" vkgorq" eqpetgvq." cn" vkgorq"
swg" ug" rtqegfg" c" uw" ugiwkokgpvq" {" gxcnwcek„p" eqorctvkfc" rqt" nc" eqowpkfcf" gfwecvkxc"
*Ciwkngtc."422;+0"
Gn"crq{q"fg"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"gfwecvkxc"nqecn"gu"wp"hcevqt"encxg"gp"nc"rncpkhkecek„p0"Fg"gnnq"
fgtkxcp"ceekqpgu"hwpfcogpvcngu"eqoq"*Ciwkngtc."4229="422;+<"
30 Ecrcekvct" c" nc" eqowpkfcf" gfwecvkxc" gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" jcdknkfcfgu" uqekcngu" {"
goqekqpcngu."{"gp"nc"korngogpvcek„p"fgn"UGCN"fgufg"wp"gphqswg"inqdcn"{"itcfwcn"
40 "Guvcdngegt." gp" ecfc" egpvtq." wp" eqqtfkpcfqt" UGCN" {" wpqu" cukuvgpvgu" fg"
cnhcdgvk|cek„p" goqekqpcn" rctc" rtguvct" wpc" cvgpek„p" o u" kpfkxkfwcnk|cfc" cn"
cnwopcfq"swg"tgswkgtg"fg"wpc"cvgpek„p"gurgekcn"
50 Nngxct" c" ecdq" tgwpkqpgu" nqecngu" fg" eqqtfkpcfqtgu" {" gswkrqu" fg" nkfgtc|iq" fg" nqu"
egpvtqu0" Gnnq" rgtokvkt " tgcnk|ct" wp" ugiwkokgpvq." kpvgtecodkct" gzrgtkgpekcu" {"
rt evkecu" rctc" ictcpvk|ct" gn" crq{q." oqvkxct" c" nc" eqowpkfcf" {." fg" guvg" oqfq."
hqtvcngegt" gn" eqortqokuq" swg" ug" tgswkgtg" rctc" fkuokpwkt" nc" tgukuvgpekc" gp" gn"
rtqeguq"kpkekcn"fg"korngogpvcek„p"
Korcevq"fgn"rtq{gevq"UGCN"
Fgufg" gn" c‚q" 4225" jc" jcdkfq" wp" itcp" tgurcnfq" rqt" rctvg" fg" ncu" cwvqtkfcfgu." swg" jcp"
guvkowncfq" nc" kpxguvkicek„p" gfwecvkxc" rctc" gxcnwct" nc" korngogpvcek„p" fgn" rtq{gevq" UGCN0"
Fkxgtuqu" guvwfkqu"owguvtcp"wp"korcevq" ukipkhkecvkxq"gp" gn"dkgpguvct"{"eqorqtvcokgpvq"fg"
nqu" pk‚qu" *Jcnnco" gv" cn0." 4228=" Jworjtg{" gv" cn0." 422:=" Jworjtg{" gv" cn." 4232=" QHUVGF."
4229="Uokvj"gv"cn0."4229+0"
Gp" eqpetgvq." Jcnnco" gv" cn0." *4228+" owguvtc" swg" gn" rtqitcoc" eqpvtkdw{„" c" swg" gn"
rtqhguqtcfq" eqortgpfkgtc" nqu" curgevqu" fgn" CUG." {" guvq" eqpvtkdw{„" c" wpc" oc{qt" eqpgzk„p"
eqp"uwu"cnwopqu0"Guvq"rtqxqe„"wp"ecodkq"gp"gn"rtqhguqtcfq"swg"kpetgogpv„"uw"eqphkcp|c"
gp"kpvgtceekqpct"eqp"nqu"pk‚qu"{"gp"e„oq"nkfkct"eqp"nqu"kpekfgpvgu"fg"eqorqtvcokgpvq0"
Gn"rtqhguqtcfq"rgtekdk„"wp"korcevq"rqukvkxq"gp"gn"dkgpguvct"{"gp"gn"eqorqtvcokgpvq"fg"nqu"
pk‚qu0" Nc" encug" {" gn" rcvkq" ug" eqpxktvkgtqp" gp" gurcekqu" o u" ecnocfqu0" Ug" crtgek„" vcodkfip"
"
89
"
wpc"oglqtc"gp"nc"eqphkcp|c."gp"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"eqowpkecvkxcu."jcdknkfcfgu"fg"pgiqekcek„p"{"
cevkvwfgu"gp"nqu"pk‚qu0"Gn"72'"fgn"rtqhguqtcfq"rgtekdk„"gp"uwu"cnwopqu"wp"cwogpvq"gp"ncu"
jcdknkfcfgu" fg" guewejc." {" gn" 66'." gp" nc" eqpegpvtcek„p" gp" gn" vtcdclq0" Gn" ;2'" fgn"
rtqhguqtcfq"kpfke„"swg"gn"rtqitcoc"UGCN"jcd c"ukfq"wp"fizkvq."tgncvkxcogpvg0"
Jworjtg{" gv" cn0." *422:+" vgp cp" eqoq" qdlgvkxq" gxcnwct" gn" korcevq" fg" ncu" kpvgtxgpekqpgu"
gurge hkecu" gp" rgswg‚qu" itwrqu" rctc" nqu" pk‚qu" swg" tgswkgtgp" fg" wpc" cvgpek„p" o u"
rgtuqpcnk|cfc0"Nc"kphqtocek„p"ewcpvkvcvkxc"kpfkec"wp"cwogpvq"ukipkhkecvkxq"gp"nqu"pkxgngu"fg"
cnhcdgvk|cek„p" goqekqpcn" fg" nqu" pk‚qu." fg" nc" tgiwncek„p" goqekqpcn." fg" nc" gorcv c." fg" " ncu"
jcdknkfcfgu" uqekcngu" {" wp" fguegpuq" gp" nqu" rtqdngocu" gpvtg" eqorc‚gtqu0" Nqu" guvwfkqu" fg"
ecuq" kpfkecp" swg" gn" fizkvq" fg" ncu" kpvgtxgpekqpgu" eqp" itwrqu" fg" pk‚qu" eqp" pgegukfcfgu"
gurgekcngu"tcfkecdc"gp"nc"jcdknkfcf"fgn"hceknkvcfqt"{"gp"nc"fkurqpkdknkfcf"fg"wp"gurcekq"h ukeq"
rctc" eqpfwekt" ncu" ugukqpgu0" Rctc" gnnq." lwicdcp" wp" rcrgn" encxg" gn" jgejq" fg" guvcdngegt"
qdlgvkxqu" tgcnkuvcu" rctc" nqu" pk‚qu." wp" dwgp" tghwgt|q" {" hggfdcem" uqdtg" gn" eqorqtvcokgpvq"
fgugcfq."rtqrkekct"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"rctc"swg"nqu"cnwopqu"rwgfcp"xgtdcnk|ct"uwu"gzrgtkgpekcu"
goqekqpcngu"{"etgct"wpc"cvo„uhgtc"fkxgtvkfc0"
«La calidad del liderazgo se percibe como el principal factor de

garantía de éxito del proyecto, más que el contexto de la escuela.»
Fkxgtuqu" guvwfkqu" *QHUVGF." 4229=" Uokvj" gv" cn0." 4229+" gxcnwctqp" nc" korngogpvcek„p" fgn"
UGCN" gp" ugewpfctkc" fwtcpvg" nqu" c‚qu" 4227/42290" Guvqu" vtcdclqu" tgxgnctqp" wp" korcevq"
hcxqtcdng" fg" nc" cevkvwf" rqukvkxc" fgn" rtqhguqtcfq" gp" nc" eqortguk„p" fg" ncu" jcdknkfcfgu"
uqekcngu." goqekqpcngu" {" fgn"eqorqtvcokgpvq0"Vcodkfip"gp" e„oq"kpvgitct"guvcu"jcdknkfcfgu"
fg"ocpgtc"ukuvgo vkec"c"vtcxfiu"fg"ncu"cukipcvwtcu"{"e„oq"kpeqtrqtctncu"rctc"gn"fgucttqnnq"
rqukvkxq"fg"guvcu"jcdknkfcfgu"gp"uwu"cnwopqu0""
Gn" rtq{gevq" rknqvq" oglqt„" nc" jcdknkfcf" fgn" cnwopcfq" rctc" vtcdclct" gp" gswkrq" fg" ocpgtc"
o u"ghkec|."gp"gn"tgeqpqekokgpvq"{"ctvkewncek„p"fg"uwu"ugpvkokgpvqu."{"gp"oquvtct"tgurgvq"
rqt" ncu" fkhgtgpekcu" {" ecrcekfcfgu" gpvtg" eqorc‚gtqu" fg" encug0" Oglqt„" cukokuoq" uw"
tguknkgpekc" {" uw" ecrcekfcf" fg" chtqpvct" nqu" tgvqu" {"nqu" ecodkqu0" Nc" ecnkfcf" fgn" nkfgtc|iq" ug"
rgtekdg"eqoq"gn"rtkpekrcn"hcevqt"fg"ictcpv c"fg"fizkvq"fgn"rtq{gevq."o u"swg"gn"eqpvgzvq"fg"
nc"guewgnc0"Gp"guvg"ugpvkfq."gn"rtq{gevq"hwg"o u"ghkec|"gp"cswgnnqu"egpvtqu"gp"swg"gn"gswkrq"
fg" nkfgtc|iq" eqortgpf c" dkgp" gn" eqpvgzvq" cornkq" fgn" rtq{gevq." {" gp" f„pfg" {c" jcd c" wp"
dwgp"enkoc"gueqnct0"
Gn" rtq{gevq." gp" pwgxg" fg" qpeg" egpvtqu." eqpvtkdw{„" c" ecodkct" ncu" guvtwevwtcu" fg" cniwpqu"
egpvtqu"{"ncu"cevkvwfgu"fg"iguvk„p="{"gp"ugku"fg"qpeg"egpvtqu"ug"oglqt„"nc"rncpkhkecek„p"fg"
"
90
"
ncu"encugu" {"nqu"rtqeguqu"fg" gpug‚cp|c"{" crtgpfk|clg0"Curgevqu"korqtvcpvgu"rctc" gn"fizkvq"
uqp<""
̇ Ocpvgpgt"wp"gphqswg"inqdcn0"
̇ Ecodkct"nc"ewnvwtc"{"ncu"cevkvwfgu0"
̇ Kornkect"c"ncu"rgtuqpcu"swg"rwgfgp"c{wfct"c"etgct"gn"ecodkq0"
̇ Fkurqpgt"fg"o u"tgewtuqu0"
̇ Vgpgt"wpc"xkuk„p"cornkc"fgn"rtq{gevq0"
Nc" gxcnwcek„p" fg" Jworjtg{" gv" cn0" *4232+" ug" rwdnke„" vtgu" c‚qu" fgurwfiu" fg" ugt"
korngogpvcfq" gn" UGCN" qhkekcnogpvg" gp" ncu" guewgncu" fg" ugewpfctkc" fg" Kpincvgttc0" Nc"
kpxguvkicek„p" vgp c" eqoq" qdlgvkxqu" gxcnwct" gn" korcevq" fgn" Ugeqpfct{" UGCN" {" gzcokpct"
e„oq"jcd c"ukfq"korngogpvcfq."eqp"gurgekcn"kpvgtfiu"gp"nc"cfqrek„p"fg"wp"gphqswg"inqdcn0"
«Algunos factores que promueven el éxito del programa son la

voluntad y capacidad de la comunidad educativa, disponer de un
tiempo específico y de recursos adecuados.»
Nqu" tguwnvcfqu" ug‚cncp" swg" pq" ug" rtqfwlq" wp" korcevq" ukipkhkecvkxq" gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" ncu"
jcdknkfcfgu" uqekcngu" {" goqekqpcngu" fgn" cnwopcfq." gp" nc" ucnwf" ogpvcn." gn" eqorqtvcokgpvq"
rtquqekcn"{"qvtqu"curgevqu"eqoq"eqphkcp|c"fgn"cnwopcfq."tgurgvq"rqt"uwu"rtqhguqtgu."iwuvq"
rqt"gn"egpvtq."gve0"Ukp"godctiq."ug"fgowguvtc"wp"cwogpvq"ukipkhkecvkxq"gp"gn"ugpvkokgpvq"
fg" cwvqpqo c." kphnwgpekc" fg" nqu" l„xgpgu." oglqtcu" gurge hkecu" gp" gn" eqorqtvcokgpvq."
jcdknkfcfgu"kpvgtrgtuqpcngu"{"tgncekqpcngu0""
Nqu"tguwnvcfqu"fg"guvc"gxcnwcek„p"fgdgp"ugt"eqortgpfkfqu"o u"rtqhwpfcogpvg"gp"tgncek„p"
cn" rtqeguq" fg" korngogpvcek„p" fg" nqu" gphqswgu" inqdcngu0" Okgpvtcu" wp" p¿ogtq" fg" egpvtqu"
jcd c" jgejq" wp" rtqitguq" rqukvkxq" gp" nc" korngogpvcek„p" fg" wp" gphqswg" inqdcn" {" hwgtqp"
ecrcegu" fg" crqtvct" gxkfgpekcu" fg" gnnq." qvtqu" pq" rtqitguctqp" fg" nc" okuoc" ocpgtc0" Rqt"
glgornq." gp" ekgtvqu" ecuqu" gn" vkgorq" rctc" tgcnk|ct" nc" kpxguvkicek„p" hwg" kpuwhkekgpvg" rctc"
korngogpvct"wp"gphqswg"inqdcn0"
Cniwpqu" egpvtqu" cfqrvctqp" cniwpcu" cevkxkfcfgu" fgn" ocpwcn" Ugeqpfct{" UGCN" ukp"
eqortgpfgt"gn"cornkq"eqpvgzvq"gp"gn"swg"ug"fgdgp"gpoctect0"Qvtqu"rgtekd cp"swg"gn"UGCN"
pq"ngu"qhtge c"pcfc"pwgxq"q"dkgp"gurgtcdcp"xgt"tguwnvcfqu"rqukvkxqu"c"eqtvq"rnc|q."nq"swg"
eqpvtkdw{„"c"rgtfgt"nc"gpgti c"{"gn"kpvgtfiu0"
"
91
"
Nqu" cwvqtgu" tgoctecp" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" vgpgt" gp" ewgpvc" wpc" ugtkg" fg" hcevqtgu" rctc"
rtqoqxgt" gn" fizkvq" fgn" rtqitcoc<" nc" xqnwpvcf" {" ecrcekfcf" fg" nc" eqowpkfcf" gfwecvkxc."
fkurqpgt" fg" wp" vkgorq" gurge hkeq" {" fg" tgewtuqu" cfgewcfqu0" Vcodkfip" tgeqokgpfcp" crnkect"
nqu" ewcvtq" rtkpekrkqu" UCHG" *Ugewgpekcfq." Cevkxq." Hqecnk|cfq." Gzrn ekvq+" g" kornkect" c" ncu"
hcoknkcu0"
Hcevqtgu"fg"fizkvq"gp"nc"korngogpvcek„p"fgn"UGCN"
Jc{" wpc" ugtkg" fg" hcevqtgu" swg" hceknkvcp" ncu" dwgpcu" rt evkecu" gp" nc" rwguvc" gp" rt evkec" fg"
gphqswgu" inqdcngu" gp" gn" rtq{gevq" UGCN0" Fkxgtuqu" guvwfkqu" tguwokfqu" rqt" Ciwkngtc" *4229."
422;+"ug‚cncp"swg"nc"xctkcdng"encxg"rctc"gn"fizkvq"pq"gu"gn"rtqitcoc"gp"u "okuoq."ukpq"ncu"
eqpfkekqpgu"gp"ncu"swg"guvg"ug"korngogpvc0"Vtgu"hcevqtgu"swg"hceknkvcp"ncu"dwgpcu"rt evkecu"
uqp<"
30 Fgucttqnnct"wp"enkoc"goqekqpcn"rqukvkxq"c"vtcxfiu"fg"wp"gphqswg"inqdcn0"
40 Eqpugiwkt" gn" crq{q" {" eqortqokuq" fgn" fktgevqt" {" fgn" encwuvtq" fg" nqu" egpvtqu"
gfwecvkxqu0"
50 Ecrvct"gn"crq{q"qticpk|cekqpcn"fgufg"fgpvtq"{"hwgtc"fg"nqu"egpvtqu0"
«La variable clave para el éxito no es el programa en sí mismo, sino

las condiciones en las que este se implementa.»
Nqu"vtgu"hcevqtgu"uqp"kpvgtcevkxqu"{"hceknkvcp"ncu"dwgpcu"rt evkecu"ewcpfq<"
̇ Gn"UGCN"gu"korngogpvcfq"fgufg"wp"gphqswg"inqdcn"swg"kornkec"c"vqfc"nc"
eqowpkfcf"gfwecvkxc0"
̇ Gn"fktgevqt"{"qvtqu"cigpvgu"encxg"eqp"eqortqokuq"nkfgtcp"nc"kpkekcvkxc0"Ug"etgcp"
gswkrqu"swg"eqqrgtcp"fg"ocpgtc"eqncdqtcvkxc"eqp"wpc"cevkvwf"fg"nkfgtc|iq"
fkuvtkdwkfq"rctc"eqpuvtwkt"xcnqtgu"eqorctvkfqu"{"rctc"fgucttqnnct"wp"rtqr„ukvq"
eqo¿p0"
̇ Rctc"gnnq."jc{"swg"cfqrvct"curgevqu"encxg"eqoq"wpc"eqowpkecek„p"ghgevkxc."
gpvwukcuoq."vtcpurctgpekc."cornkcu"gzrgevcvkxcu"fg"fizkvq."wp"gphqswg"rqukvkxq"cn"
rtqoqxgt"gn"dkgpguvct"fg"nc"eqowpkfcf"{"gp"gn"oqfq"fg"korngogpvct"nqu"
ocvgtkcngu"ewttkewnctgu0"
"
92
"
̇ Nqu"cigpvgu"kornkecfqu"eqorctvgp"wp"ukipkhkecfq"rtqhwpfq"fgn"korcevq."
tgngxcpekc"{"pgegukfcf"fgn"fgucttqnnq"goqekqpcn"{"uqekcn"gp"ncu"guewgncu"etgcpfq"
gurcekqu"rctc"nc"tghngzk„p"{"gn"fgucttqnnq"rtqhgukqpcn"cn"vkgorq"swg"ug"rtqowgxg"
wpc"cvo„uhgtc"rqukvkxc"gp"gn"rtqeguq"itcfwcn"fg"korngogpvcek„p0"
̇ Ug"rgtekdg"wp"crq{q0"Gn"fktgevqt"{"gn"gswkrq"fg"nkfgtc|iq"crq{cp"gn"eqortqokuq"
eqorctvkfq"rqt"nqu"okgodtqu"fg"nqu"egpvtqu."eqp"gn"hkp"fg"etgct"ncu"eqpfkekqpgu"
„rvkocu"rctc"nc"dwgpc"rt evkec0"Nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"gfwecvkxc"nqecn"etgc"
qrqtvwpkfcfgu"fg"fgucttqnnq"rtqhgukqpcn"{"fg"tgfgu"fg"crq{q"gpvtg"egpvtqu"
gfwecvkxqu"eqp"nc"hkpcnkfcf"fg"eqorctvkt"gn"eqpqekokgpvq"{"fktkiktug"jcekc"wp"
qdlgvkxq"eqo¿p0"
̇ Cfgo u."gn"eqortqokuq"{"crq{q"fgn"gswkrq"fktgevkxq."fg"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"nqecn"{"
fg"vqfc"nc"eqowpkfcf"gueqnct"gp"igpgtcn."uqp"etwekcngu"rctc"ictcpvk|ct"nc"
uquvgpkdknkfcf"fgn"rtqitcoc"c"nctiq"rnc|q0"
Rtqrwguvcu"rctc"nc"rt evkec"fgn"UGCN"gp"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc"
Kfgcu"rctc"fgucttqnnct"lwgiqu"rctc"Ekteng"Vkog"
Ekteng" vkog" gu" wp" ofivqfq" fg" crtgpfk|clg" eqpukfgtcfq" wp" curgevq" kpvgitcn" fgn" ewtt ewnwo"
qhkekcn" gp" nc" gfwecek„p" kphcpvkn." rtkoctkc" {" vkgpg" eqoq" qdlgvkxq" gn" fgucttqnnq" goqekqpcn." nc"
guewejc"cevkxc."nc"tguqnwek„p"fg"eqphnkevqu." gn"fk nqiq." gve0" Nqu"pk‚qu" ug"ukgpvcp"gp" e tewnq"
gp" gn" uwgnq0" Ug" ngu" gzrnkec" swg" ugewpfctkc0" Guvg" ofivqfq" ug" tgcnk|c" gp" e tewnqu." {" gnnqu" ug"
fgdgt p" ngxcpvct" {" gpeqpvtct" wp" pwgxq" nwict" uk" nq" swg" ug" ngu" fkeg" ug" crnkec" c" gnnqu0" Rqt"
glgornq."Ångx pvcvg"{"gpewgpvtc"wp"pwgxq"nwict"uk000Ç"
̇ Å000jq{"xcu"c"lwict"gp"nc"ctgpcÇ"
̇ Å000jq{"xcu"c"rkpvct"wp"fkdwlqÇ"
̇ Å000jq{"xcu"c"lwict"eqp"wp"cokiqÇ"
̇ Å000jq{"xcu"c"nggt"wp"nkdtqÇ"
Gn"rtqhguqt"ug"oqxgt "cntgfgfqt"fgn"e tewnq"{"eqpxgtuct "eqp"nqu"pk‚qu"rqt"vwtpq"uqdtg"ncu"

equcu"swg"jcegp<"
̇ ÅUq{"dwgpq"gp000"Ç"
̇ ÅOg"iwuvc000"Ç"
"
93
"
Glgornq"fg"ctiwogpvq"rctc"kpvtqfwekt"{"fgucttqnnct"wpc"jkuvqtkc"gp"ncu"
cucodngcu"fg"nc"guewgnc"
ÅUcokpftc"xkxk„" eqp"uw"ocftg"{"jgtocpc0"Uw" rcftg" guvcdc"hwgtc"nwejcpfq" gp"nc"iwgttc0"

Vgp cp" wp" vtcevqt" swg" ngu" c{wfcdc" eqp" gn" vtcdclq" fg" nc" itcplc0" Gn" vtcevqt" ug" guvtqrg„" {"
pgegukvcdcp" wp" ectdwtcfqt0" Nc" ocftg" fg" Ucokpftc" ug" jktk„" nc" rkgtpc" {" pq" rqf c" kt" c"
eqortct" guvc" rkg|c0" Ucokpftc" ucnk„" c" nc" oqpvc‚c0" Rctge c" wp" nctiq" xkclg" {" vgp c" okgfq0"
Ucokpftc"eqpukiwk„"cvtcxguct"nc"oqpvc‚c"{"eqort„"gn"ectdwtcfqt0"Xqnxk„"c"ecuc"{"ng"fkq"c"
uw"ocftg"nc"pwgxc"rkg|c"rctc"gn"vtcevqt0Ç"
̇ Qdlgvkxqu"igpgtcngu"c"cfswktkt"guvtwevwtcfqu"rqt"ugocpcu<"eqpqegtug"c"wpq"
okuoq="hklctug"wp"qdlgvkxq"tgcnkuvc="rncpkhkect"e„oq"cnecp|ct"wp"qdlgvkxq="
rgtukuvgpekc="gxcnwcek„p"{"tgxkuk„p0"
̇ Xqecdwnctkq"c"eqpuqnkfct<"crtgpfgt."cecdct."cpvgu."fgurwfiu."cjqtc."jq{."
oc‚cpc."hwvwtq."qdlgvkxq."vgpgt"fizkvq."guvct"qtiwnnquq0"
Guvcu"cevkxkfcfgu"hqtocp"rctvg"fgn"vgoc"ÅKt"c"rqt"qdlgvkxquÇ"*Iqkpi"hqt"iqcnu+"fgn"ocvgtkcn"
ewttkewnct"Gzegnngpeg"cpf"Gplq{ogpv<"Uqekcn"cpf"Goqvkqpcn"Curgevu"qh"Ngctpkpi0"Iqkpi"hqt"
Iqcnu#"Tgxkugf"Gctn{"[gctu"Hqwpfcvkqp"Uvcig"xgtukqp."FhGU."42270"
UGCN"gp"gfwecek„p"ugewpfctkc"*3³"fg"GUQ+"
½Swfi"rqfgoqu"crtgpfgt"fg"ncu"rtgqewrcekqpguA"
Qdlgvkxqu"fg"crtgpfk|clg<"
̇ Ufi"{"cegrvq"nq"swg"guvq{"ukpvkgpfq"{"rwgfq"kfgpvkhkect"oku"ugpvkokgpvqu0"
̇ Fkurqpiq"fg"wpc"xctkgfcf"fg"guvtcvgikcu"rctc"iguvkqpct"oku"korwnuqu"{"
goqekqpgu"hwgtvgu"eqp"nc"hkpcnkfcf"fg"pq"kpokuewktog"gp"vkrqu"fg"
eqorqtvcokgpvq"swg"eqorqtvgp"eqpugewgpekcu"pgicvkxcu"rctc"o "{"rctc"nqu"
fgo u0"
Qdlgvkxqu"rctc"3³"fg"GUQ<"
̇ Rwgfq"fguetkdkt"e„oq"ug"ukgpvg"gn"jgejq"fg"eqogp|ct"gp"wpc"pwgxc"guewgnc0"
̇ Vgpiq"guvtcvgikcu"rctc"ocpglct"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu"kpeqphqtvcdngu0"
̇ Rwgfq"eqortgpfgt"swg"rwgfq"vgpgt"ugpvkokgpvqu"okzvqu0"
"
94
"
Rctc" rtgrctct" guvc" uguk„p" ug" rwgfg" rtgiwpvct" cn" cnwopcfq" fg" ugiwpfq" fg" GUQ" uqdtg" wp"
vkgorq" cpvgtkqt" cn" eqokgp|q" fg" nc" GUQ" {" swg" jcicp" wpc" nkuvc" eqp" vqfqu" nqu" okgfqu" {"
rtgqewrcekqpgu"swg"vgp cp0"
Ug"rtgugpvcp"tgewtuqu"gp"dcug"cn"xqecdwnctkq"gurge hkeq"{"guvtwevwtcu"c"oqfgnct"{"c"rqpgt"
gp"rt evkec0"
Gpvtcpvg0" Gn" cnwopcfq" gzrtguc" gp" xq|" cnvc" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" fg" wpc" xg|0" Ug" rwgfg" wuct"
wpc" nkuvc" fg" ugpvkokgpvqu0" Gn" cnwopcfq" fgdg" eqpvtcuvct" ncu" ectcu" eqp" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu"
eqttgurqpfkgpvgu0" Nc" cevkxkfcf" fgdg" tgcnk|ctug" ngpvcogpvg0" Ug" fgdg" cecdct" eqp" gn"
ugpvkokgpvq"ÅrtgqewrcfqÇ0"
Uwrgtcpfq" rtgqewrcekqpgu." encukhkecpfq0" Ug" rtgugpvcp" wpcu" vctlgvcu" eqp"

rtgqewrcekqpgu" swg" hwgtqp" rtgxkcogpvg" kfgpvkhkecfcu" rqt" gn" cnwopcfq" fg" ugiwpfq" ewtuq0"
Gp" itwrqu." nqu" cnwopqu" fgdgp" encukhkect" ncu" rtgqewrcekqpgu" gp" fqu" q" o u" itwrqu0" Ug"
rwgfgp"kpvtqfwekt"ncu"ukiwkgpvgu"rtgiwpvcu<"
̇ ½Swfi"etkvgtkq"wucuvg"rctc"encukhkect"nqu"ugpvkokgpvquA"
̇ ½Swfi"rtgqewrcek„p"vg"hwg"o u"eqornkecfc"fg"encukhkectA"½Swfi"eqpuglq"ng"fct cu"c"

cniwkgp"swg"vwxkgtc"rtqdngocu"gp"encukhkect"guvc"vctlgvcA"
Rtgiwpvc" cn" cnwopcfq" uk" vkgpgp" kfgcu" uqdtg" e„oq" ocpglct" ncu" rtgqewrcekqpgu0" Uk" jcp"
guvcfq" wucpfq" rtgxkcogpvg" gn" Rtkoct{" UGCN." gnnqu" rtqdcdngogpvg" gzrnkect p" gn" ukiwkgpvg"
rtqeguq<"
̇ Kfgpvkhkect"wpc"rtgqewrcek„p0"
̇ Rtgiwpvctug"uk"guvc"gu"wpc"rtgqewrcek„p"kp¿vkn"q"wp"rgpucokgpvq"¿vkn0"
̇ Uk"guvg"gu"wp"rgpucokgpvq"¿vkn"jc|"cniq"eqp"fin."rqt"glgornq."jcdnc"eqp"cniwkgp0"
̇ Uk"guvc"gu"wpc"rtgqewrcek„p"kp¿vkn"cht„pvcnq0"Rqt"glgornq."rkgpuc"gp"ncu"xgegu"
ewcpfq"nc"rtgqewrcek„p"pq"hwg"korqtvcpvg."q"ewcpfq"pq"jcd c"tc|qpgu"rctc"
ugpvktug"fg"guc"ocpgtc0"
̇ Uk"pq"eqpukiwgu"chtqpvct"nc"rtgqewrcek„p."ugt "oglqt"eqpxgtuct"uqdtg"gnnq"eqp"
cniwkgp0"
Ug" pgegukvc" gphcvk|ct" swg" vqfcu" ncu" rtgqewrcekqpgu" uqp" korqtvcpvgu" {" tgcngu" rctc" nc"
rgtuqpc" swg" guv " rtgqewrcfc0" Uk" nc" rtgqewrcek„p" guv " korkfkgpfq" gn" crtgpfk|clg" q" gn"
dkgpguvct"fgn"cnwopq"ugt "pgeguctkq"eqpxgtuct" eqp"cniwkgp"fg"gnnq0"Gzrnkec"c"swkfip"fgdgp"
"
95
"
tgewttkt"gp"ecuq"fg"swgtgt"eqpxgtuct0"Gn"cnwopcfq"fgdg"kpeqtrqtctug"gp"itwrqu"qvtc"xg|"{"
gngikt" wpq" fg" ncu" rtgqewrcekqpgu0" Fgdgp" nggtnq" {" gn" tguvq" fg" itwrqu" fgdgp" jcegt"
uwigtgpekcu"uqdtg"ncu"ocpgtcu"fg"uwrgtct"nc"rtgqewrcek„p0"
Uguk„p"rngpctkc0"Gn"cnwopcfq"fgdg"qticpk|ct"ncu"kfgcu"gp"wp"nkdtq"swg"vtcvct "uqdtg"e„oq"
uwrgtct"ncu"rtgqewrcekqpgu0"Guvg"ugtxkt "fg"tghgtgpekc"rctc"nc"encug0"
Crnkecek„p"fgn"crtgpfk|clg0"Gn"cnwopcfq"fgdg"cxgtkiwct"cniwpcu"fg"ncu"rtgqewrcekqpgu"
fg"nc"igpvg"eqp"nc"swg"eqpxkxg"{"gngikt"cniwpcu"guvtcvgikcu"rctc"uwrgtctncu0"
Tghngzk„p" fgn" rtqhguqtcfq0" Pquqvtqu" cfcrvcoqu" guvc" cevkxkfcf" vcodkfip" rctc" 8³" fg"
rtkoctkc0" Ngu" rgfkoqu" c" nqu" cnwopqu" fg" 8³" fg" rtkoctkc" swg" kfgpvkhkectcp" uwu"
rtgqewrcekqpgu"{"fgurwfiu"c"nqu"cnwopqu"fg"3³"fg"GUQ"swg"kfgpvkhkectcp"kfgcu"rctc"uwrgtct"
ncu" rtgqewrcekqpgu0" Rwukoqu" vqfcu" guvcu" kfgcu" lwpvcu" gp" wp" eqttgq" gngevt„pkeq" eqp" wpc"
knwuvtcek„p0"Wucoqu"fqu"egpvtqu"rctc"vtcdclct" eqplwpvcogpvg0"Cniwpqu" fg"nqu"cnwopqu"fg"
3³"fg"GUQ"gpxkctqp"gn"eqttgq"cn"cnwopcfq"fg"8³"fg"rtkoctkc"rctc"crtgpfgt"eqplwpvcogpvg0"
Guvc"cevkxkfcf"hqtoc"rctvg"fgn"ocvgtkcn"ewttkewnct"Uqekcn"cpf"Goqvkqpcn"Curgevu"qh"Ngctpkpi"
*UGCN+0" Vgoc" 3<" Wp" nwict" fqpfg" crtgpfgt" *C" rnceg" vq" ngctp+0" 3³" fg" GUQ" *[gct" 9+0"
Ugeqpfct{"Pcvkqpcn"Uvtcvgi{"hqt"uejqqn"kortqxgogpv."FEUH."42290"
Eqpenwuk„p"
Nc" kpxguvkicek„p" uqdtg" gn" UGCN" crqtvc" gxkfgpekcu" uqdtg" uw" ghgevkxkfcf" gp" fgucttqnnct"
jcdknkfcfgu"uqekcngu."goqekqpcngu"{"fg"dkgpguvct"gp"gn"cnwopcfq."{"rtqoqxgt"nc"ecrcekfcf"
gueqnct" gp" nqu" egpvtqu0" Fkg|" c‚qu" fg" rt evkec" fgowguvtcp" nc" korqtvcpekc" fg" wp" gphqswg"
inqdcn" {" uquvgpkfq" fgn" rtq{gevq0" Ug" ug‚cncp" wpcu" eqpfkekqpgu" rctc" gn" fizkvq<" gn" crq{q" {"
eqortqokuq" fgn" fktgevqt" {1q" gswkrq" fg" nkfgtc|iq." {" gn" crq{q" uquvgpkfq" fg" nc" eqowpkfcf"
gfwecvkxc"fgufg"fgpvtq"{"hwgtc"fg"nqu"egpvtqu0""
Dkdnkqitch c"
Ciwkngtc." R0" *4229+0" Yjkej" hcevqtu" kphnwgpeg" dguv" rtcevkeg" qp" vjg" korngogpvcvkqp" qh" vjg" uqekcn" cpf"
goqvkqpcn" curgevu" qh" ngctpkpiA" c" uvwf{" kp" hqwt" rtkoct{" uejqqnu" qh" Uqwvjcorvqp0" Kp"
Kpuvkvwvkqpcn" Ocpcigogpv" cpf" Ngcfgtujkr" hqt" Rtqhguukqpcn" Fgxgnqrogpv0" Wpkxgtukv{" qh"
Uqwvjcorvqp0"Wpkvgf"Mkpifqo"*fkugtvcek„p"kpfifkvc+0"
Ciwkngtc."R0"*422;+0"Nc"Gfwecek„p"Goqekqpcn"gp"Kpincvgttc<"Rtkoct{"Uqekcn"cpf"Goqvkqpcn"Curgevu"qh"
Ngctpkpi" *UGCN+0" Gp" O0" ènxctg|." T0" Dkuswgttc." *Eqqtfu0+" Ocpwcn" fg" Qtkgpvcek„p" {" Vwvqt c"
*xgtuk„p"gngevt„pkec+0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Ciwkngtc." R0" *4232+0" Dtkfikpi" vjg" fkxkfg" dgvyggp" fgoqetcvke" ekvk|gpujkr" cpf" uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqpcn"
"
96
"
ngctpkpi"cetquu"vjg" pcvkqpcn"ewttkewnwo"hqt" Gpincpf." gfwecvkqp"hqt" pcvkqpcn"ekvk|gpujkr"kp"vjg"
eqpvgzv" qh" fgxqnwvkqp" cpf" gvjpq/tgnkikqwu" eqphnkev0" Eqowpkecek„p" gp" Kpvgtpcvkqpcn" Egpvtg" hqt"
Gfwecvkqp"hqt"Fgoqetcvke"Ekvk|gpujkr"*KEGFE+0"Dktdgem."Wpkxgtukv{"qh"Nqpfqp"*37Î38"fg"lwnkq"
fg"4232+0"
Dwuvqp." M0." Ykijv." F0." Jctv." I0." Ueqvv." U0" *4224+0" Korngogpvcvkqp" qh" c" vgcejgt/fgnkxgtgf" ugz"
gfwecvkqp" rtqitcoog<" qduvcengu" cpf" hceknkvcvkpi" hcevqtu0" Jgcnvj" Gfwecvkqp" Tgugctej." 39." 3."
77/940"
Ecvcncpq." T0H0." Dgtinwpf." O0N0." T{cp." L0C0." Nqpe|cm." J0U0." Jcymkpu." L0F0" *3;;;+0" Rqukvkxg" {qwvj"
fgxgnqrogpv" kp" vjg" Wpkvgf" Uvcvgu<" tgugctej" hkpfkpiu" qp" gxcnwcvkqpu" qh" rqukvkxg" {qwvj"
fgxgnqrogpv"rtqitcou0"Ycujkpivqp<"Vjg"W0U0"Fgrctvogpv"qh"Jgcnvj"cpf"Jwocp"Ugtxkegu0"
Fgxcpg{." G0." QÓDtkgp." O0W0." Tgupkm." J0." Mgkuvgt." U0." Ygkuudgti." T0R0" *4228+0"Uwuvckpcdng" uejqqnykfg"
uqekcn"cpf"goqvkqpcn"ngctpkpi"*UGN+<"Korngogpvcvkqp"iwkfg"cpf"vqqnmkv0"ECUGN<"Ejkeciq0"
FhGU" *4227+0" Gzegnngpeg" cpf" gplq{ogpv<" uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqpcn" curgevu" qh" ngctpkpi" *UGCN+0" Nqpfqp<"
Rtkoct{"Pcvkqpcn"Uvtcvgi{0""
FhGU"*4228+0"Vjg"Uejqqnu"Yjkvg"Rcrgt<"Jkijgt"Uvcpfctfu."Dgvvgt"Uejqqnu"hqt"Cnn0"Xqnwog"K0"Nqpfqp<"
Vjg"Uvcvkqpgt{"Qhhkeg0"
FEUH" *4229+0" Uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqpcn" curgevu" qh" ngctpkpi" hqt" ugeqpfct{" uejqqnu0" Pqvvkpijco<" FEUH"
Rwdnkecvkqpu0"
Iqngocp."F0"*3;;7+0"Goqvkqpcn"kpvgnnkigpeg0"Pgy"[qtm<"Dcpvco"Dqqmu0"
Fqokvtqxkej." E0G0." Itggpdgti." O0V0" *4222+0" Vjg" uvwf{" qh" korngogpvcvkqp<" ewttgpv" hkpfkpiu" htqo"
ghhgevkxg" rtqitcou" vjcv" rtgxgpv" ogpvcn" fkuqtfgtu" kp" uejqqn/cigf" ejknftgp0" Lqwtpcn" qh"
Gfwecvkqpcn"cpf"Ru{ejqnqikecn"Eqpuwnvcvkqp."33."4."3;5/4430"
Fwtncm." L0C0" *3;;:+0" Yj{" rtqitco" korngogpvcvkqp" ku" korqtvcpv0" Lqwtpcn" qh" Rtgxgpvkqp" cpf"
Kpvgtxgpvkqp"kp"vjg"Eqoowpkv{."39."7/3:0""
Fwtncm." L0" C0." Ygkuudgti." T0" R0." Rcejcp." O0" *4232+0" C" ogvc/cpcn{uku" qh" chvgt/uejqqn" rtqitcou" vjcv"
uggm" vq" rtqoqvg" rgtuqpcn" cpf" uqekcn" umknnu" kp" ejknftgp" cpf" cfqnguegpvu0" Cogtkecp" Lqwtpcn" qh"
Eqoowpkv{"Ru{ejqnqi{."67."4;6/52;0"
gpjcpekpi"uvwfgpvuÓ"uqekcn"cpf"goqvkqpcn"ngctpkpi<"c"ogvc/cpcn{uku"qh"uejqqn/dcugf"wpkxgtucn"
kpvgtxgpvkqpu0"Ejknf"Fgxgnqrogpv.":4."3."627/6540"
Gnkcu." O0L0." ¥kpu." L0=" Ygkuudgti." T0." Htg{." M0U0=" Itggpdgti." O0V0." Jckpgu." P0O0" *3;;9+0" Rtqoqvkqp"
uqekcn" cpf" goqvkqpcn" ngctpkpi<" iwkfgnkpgu" hqt" gfwecvqtu0" Cngzcpftkc<<" Cuuqekcvkqp" hqt"
Uwrgtxkukqp"cpf"Ewttkewnwo"Fgxgnqrogpv0"
Gnkcu." O0L0." Dtwgpg/Dwvvgt." N0." Dnwo." N0." Uejw{ngt." V0" *4222+0" Xqkegu" htqo" vjg" hkgnf<" kfgpvkh{kpi" cpf"
qxgteqokpi"tqcfdnqemu"vq"ectt{kpi"qwv"rtqitcou"kp"uqekcn"cpf"goqvkqpcn"ngctpkpi1"goqvkqpcn"
kpvgnnkigpeg."Lqwtpcn"qh"Gfwecvkqpcn"cpf"Ru{ejqnqikecn"Eqpuwnvcvkqp."33."4."475/4940"
Gnkcu." O0L0." ¥kpu." L0G0." Itce|{m." R0C0." Ygkuudgti." T0R0" *4225+0" Korngogpvcvkqp." uwuvckpcdknkv{." cpf"
uecnkpi" wr" qh" uqekcn" goqvkqpcn" cpf" cecfgoke" kppqxcvkqpu0" Uejqqn" Ru{ejqnqi{" Tgxkgy." 54." 5."
525/53;0"
Hcwrgn."C0"*4225+"Goqvkqpcn"Nkvgtce{0"Cuuguuogpv"cpf"Kpvgtxgpvkqp0"Nqpfqp<"PHGT0""
Hwnncp."O0"*4223+0"Vjg"Pgy"Ogcpkpi"qh"Gfwecvkqpcn"Ejcpig0"Nqpfqp<"Tqwvngfig"Hcnogt0"
Itggpdgti."O0V0."Fqokvtqxkej."E0G0="Itce|{m."R0C0."¥kpu."L0G0"*4227+0"Vjg"uvwf{"qh"korngogpvcvkqp"kp"
uejqqn/dcugf" rtgxgpvkxg" kpvgtxgpvkqp<" vjgqt{." tgugctej." cpf" rtcevkeg" *Xqnwog" 5+0" Tqemxknng<"
"
97
"
Egpvgt" hqt" Ogpvcn" Jgcnvj" Ugtxkegu." Uwduvcpeg" Cdwug" cpf" Ogpvcn" Jgcnvj" Ugtxkegu"
Cfokpkuvtcvkqp0"
Jcnnco."U0."Tjcokg."L0"{"Ujcy."L0"*4228+0"Gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vjg"rtkoct{"dgjcxkqwt"cpf"cvvgpfcpeg"rknqv0"
Pqvvkpijco<"FEUH"Rwdnkecvkqpu0"
Jcnnco."U"*422;+0"Cp"gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vjg"Uqekcn"cpf"Goqvkqpcn"Curgevu"qh"Ngctpkpi"*UGCN+"rtqitcoog<"
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*UGCN+"rtqitcoog"kp"ugeqpfct{"uejqqnu<"pcvkqpcn"gxcnwcvkqp0"Pqvvkpijco<"FHG"Rwdnkecvkqpu0"
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Uejqqn/Dcugf"Rtgxgpvkqp"Wukpi"vjg"RCVJU"Ewttkewnwo0"Rtgxgpvkqp"Uekgpeg."6."77/850"
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"
98
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Nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gp" Gurc‚c" ug" rwgfg" eqpukfgtct" eqoq" wpc" kppqxcek„p" fg" nqu"
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ug"gpeqpvt„"pkpiwpc"tghgtgpekc"dclq"gn"vfitokpq"Ågfwecek„p"goqekqpcnÇ0"Rtqdcdngogpvg"gu"
c"rctvkt"fg"guvc"hgejc"ewcpfq"ug"kpkekc"wpc"rtqitgukxc"rwguvc"gp"rt evkec"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"
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rt evkequ"rctc"gn"fgucttqnnq"fg" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" gp"nc" gfwecek„p"kphcpvkn"*N„rg|/
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"
99
ORÍGENES Y DESARROLLO DE LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL EN ESPAÑA – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
"
*Dkuswgttc." 4233+." gzrgtkgpekcu" rt evkecu" *Ciwnn„" gv" cn0" 4232+." fkug‚q" {" gxcnwcek„p" fg"
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*N„rg|/Iqp| ng|."4229+0"
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4227=" Qdkqnu." 4226=" 4227+0" Nc" gxcnwcek„p" fg" rtqitcocu" jc" ukfq" wpq" fg" nqu" hqequ" fg"
kpxguvkicek„p." fqpfg" ug" jcp" gzrgtkogpvcfq" fkxgtucu" guvtcvgikcu" eqoq" nc" fgpqokpcfc"
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korwnuq"fg"Igooc"Hkngnnc."Tcoqpc"Tkdgu."Octkc"Lgu¿u"Ciwnn„"{"Cppc"Uqnfgxknc"*4224+0"
Gp" gn" c‚q" 4222" ug" egngdtc" gn" K" Eqpitguq" Guvcvcn" fg" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" gp" Dctegnqpc0"
Cukokuoq." gp" 4227" ug" egngdtcp" ncu" K" Lqtpcfcu" uqdtg" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" *LGG+" gp" nc"
Wpkxgtukvcv"fg"Dctegnqpc"{"c"rctvkt"fg"gpvqpegu"ug"jcp"egngdtcfq"cpwcnogpvg0"Rctc"fgvcnngu"
xficug<"jvvr<11yyy0lqtpcfgugfwecekqgoqekqpcn0eqo10"
«La educación emocional en España se puede considerar como una

innovación de los últimos 15 años.»
Gp" nc" Wpkxgtukvcv" Cwv pqoc" fg" Dctegnqpc" fguvcec" gn" itwrq" kpvgtfgrctvcogpvcn" Fgucttqnnq"
Rgtuqpcn" {" Gfwecek„p." hqtocfq" rqt" rtqhgukqpcngu" fg" fkuvkpvqu" ecorqu" gfwecvkxqu" {"
eqqtfkpcfq"rqt"Rgtg"Fctfgt"{"Eqptcf"K|swkgtfq0"Gn"itwrq"jc"kpxguvkicfq"gn"rgthkn"goqekqpcn"
fgn"fqegpvg."jc"tgcnk|cfq"kpxguvkicekqpgu" gp"fkxgtuqu" egpvtqu" gfwecvkxqu"{""jc"rtqoqxkfq"
gpewgpvtqu" gpvtg" tgrtgugpvcpvgu" fg" gswkrqu" kornkecfqu" gp" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Uwu"
vtcdclqu" jcp" tguwnvcfq" gp" fkxgtucu" rwdnkecekqpgu" *Fctfgt" g" K|swkgtfq." 3;;:=" Dcej" {"
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rwdnkecekqpgu" uqdtg" gn" vgoc" {" eqp" hqtocek„p" eqpvkpwcfc" gp" nc" Hwpfcek„" Éodkv" fg"
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cfwnvcu0"
"
100
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Gp"4229"ug"etgc"gp"Dctegnqpc"nc"Hwpfcek„"rgt"nÓGfwecek„"Goqekqpcn."swg"vkgpg"nc"okuk„p"fg"
fkhwpfkt" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Rctc" o u" kphqtocek„p" ug" rwgfg" eqpuwnvct<"
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okuoq" egpvtq" swg" eqpxkgpg" fglct" csw " eqpuvcpekc0" Guvq" gu" cu " gp" vqfc" nc" igqitch c"
gurc‚qnc."rgtq"vqfcx c"pq"ug"rwgfg"vtcvct"eqoq"wp"hgp„ogpq"igpgtcnk|cfq0"Swgfc"owejq"
ecokpq"rqt"tgeqttgt0"
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goqekqpgu" *gn" okgfq" c" nq" fgueqpqekfq." cn" fqnqt." cn" gpvqtpq" gzvtc‚q." gve0+." c" vtcxfiu" fgn"
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""""""""""""""" "
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101
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Cpfcnwe c"
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102
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103
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«La educación emocional requiere del apoyo de la Administración

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104
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106
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"
107
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7680"Fkurqpkdng"gp<"jvvr<11dkv0n{1hfFcVT0"
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gfwecvkxc0"P³"930"
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"
108
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;0"Rtqitcoc"fg"crtgpfk|clg"uqekcn"{"goqekqpcn"gp"
nqu"egpvtqu"UGM"
Pkgxgu"Ugiqxkc"
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Kpvgnnkigpeg"kp"Qticpk|cvkqpu."gn"fizkvq"fg"ncu"rgtuqpcu"ug"fgdg"gp"wp"45'"c"ncu"ecrcekfcfgu"
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korqtvcpvg" gfwect" c" nqu" pk‚qu." fgufg" gfcfgu" vgortcpcu." rctc" swg" ugcp" kpvgnkigpvgu"
goqekqpcnogpvg0"ÅSwfi"ukipkhkec"ugt"wp"dwgp"vtcdclcfqt"q"wp"dwgp"ekwfcfcpq"gp"wp"owpfq"
inqdcn"eqoq"gp"gn"swg"xkxkoqu."*È+"gu"ow{"eqornkecfq"ewcpfq"vgpgoqu"swg"vtcvct"eqp"wp"
owpfq""vcp"ecodkcpvgÇ0"Cu "ug"tghgt c"gn"rtqhguqt"Jqyctf"Ictfpgt."fwtcpvg"uw"kpxguvkfwtc"
eqoq"Fqevqt"Jqpqtku"Ecwuc"gp"nc"Wpkxgtukfcf"Ecoknq"Lqufi"Egnc"gn"44"fg"qevwdtg"fg"4233."c"
nc" korqtvcpekc" fgn" fgucttqnnq" fg" ncu" fkhgtgpvgu" kpvgnkigpekcu" gp" wpc" uqekgfcf" eqoq" nc" fgn"
ukinq"ZZK0"
Hwg" rtgekucogpvg" Jqyctf" Ictfpgt." gp" 3;:5." swkgp" rqt" rtkogtc" xg|" jcdn„" fg" kpvgnkigpekc"
kpvgtrgtuqpcn"g"kpvgnkigpekc"kpvtcrgtuqpcn."fgpvtq"fg"uw"vgqt c"fg"ncu"kpvgnkigpekcu"o¿nvkrngu."
rgtq" hwg" Fcpkgn" Iqngocp" swkgp" gp" 3;;7." rqrwnctk|„" gn" vfitokpq" Åkpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcnÇ"
fghkpkfipfqnq" eqoq" Ånc" ecrcekfcf" fg" tgeqpqegt" pwguvtqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" {" nqu" clgpqu." fg"
oqvkxctpqu" {" fg" ocpglct" dkgp" ncu" goqekqpgu" gp" pquqvtqu" okuoqu" {" gp" pwguvtcu"
tgncekqpguÇ0""
«Hay que lograr que los alumnos sean capaces de gestionar y

reconocer las emociones, desarrollar la comprensión e interés por
los demás.»
Fgucttqnnct"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fgufg"nqu"rtkogtqu"c‚qu"fg"pwguvtc"xkfc"gu"rtkqtkvctkq"
rctc" vqoct" eqpekgpekc" fg" pwguvtcu" goqekqpgu" {" eqortgpfgt" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu" fg" nqu"
fgo u."nq"swg"pqu"dtkpfct "oc{qtgu"rqukdknkfcfgu"fg"fgucttqnnq"rgtuqpcn"{"fg"fizkvq0"
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"
109
EL APRENDIZAJE SOCIAL Y EMOCIONAL EN LOS CENTROS SEK – NIEVES SEGOVIA""
"
rqt"nqu"fgo u."guvcdngegt"tgncekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"{"vqoct"fgekukqpgu"tgurqpucdngu0"Nc"etgcek„p"
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kppqxcfqt"{"fg"rctvkekrct"gp"nc"kpvtqfweek„p"fg"nc"iguvk„p"goqekqpcn"{"uqekcn"gp"gn"
ukuvgoc"gfwecvkxq"gurc‚qn."fg"hqtoc"tkiwtquc"{"ekgpv hkec0"
Rctc" nc" korngogpvcek„p" fg" guvg" rtq{gevq." cewfkoqu" c" nqu" etgcfqtgu" fgn" rtqitcoc" {"
oc{qtgu" gzrgtvqu" owpfkcngu" gp" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn." nc" Eqnncdqtcvkxg" hqt" Cecfgoke."
Uqekcn"cpf"Goqvkqpcn"Ngctpkpi"*ECUGN+."gp"gn"Egpvtq"fg"Guvwfkqu"Kphcpvkngu"fg"nc"Wpkxgtukv{"
qh"[cng"*rquvgtkqtogpvg"gp"nc"Wpkxgtukv{"qh"Knnkpqku+."ew{c"okuk„p"gu"c{wfct"c"ncu"guewgncu"c"
kpvtqfwekt"ewtuqu"fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"
«El primer paso de la aplicación del programa de inteligencia social

y emocional fue la formación del profesorado.»
Gn" rtqitcoc" fg" Crtgpfk|clg" Uqekcn" {" Goqekqpcn" /" Tguqnwek„p" Etgcvkxc" fg" Eqphnkevqu." pcek„"
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"
110
"
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rtqitcoc0""
"
"
111
"
Ncu" rtkogtcu" tgceekqpgu." vcpvq" fg" rtqhguqtgu" eqoq" fg" rcftgu." hwgtqp" ow{" rqukvkxcu0" Ncu"
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jcdknkfcfgu" goqekqpcngu" {" uqekcngu." nqu" pk‚qu" pq" uqnq" corn cp" uw" xqecdwnctkq" goqekqpcn."
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cfgewcfcogpvg" ncu" goqekqpgu" g" korwnuqu" eqphnkevkxqu0" Guvcu" guvtcvgikcu" cwvqttgiwncfqtcu"
uqp" ow{" ¿vkngu" gp" gn" eqpvgzvq" gueqnct" ewcpfq." rqt" glgornq." ug" ceqogvgp" vctgcu"
cecffiokecu." c" nc" xg|" swg" tguwnvcp" ghkecegu" gp" qvtqu" eqpvgzvqu" pq" gueqnctgu" *hcoknkct" {"
uqekcn+."eqp"nq"swg"nqitcoqu"swg"ug"vtcpuhkgtcp"ncu"jcdknkfcfgu"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
gp"vctgcu"cecffiokecu"c"qvtqu" odkvqu."eqoq"gn"rgtuqpcn"{"uqekcn0"
«Igual que las matemáticas, la lengua o las ciencias, el programa de

inteligencia social y emocional es una disciplina que incluye
conocimientos, conceptos, actitudes y habilidades.»
Nqu" rtqhguqtgu" guv p" gorg|cpfq" c" jcnnct" kpfkekqu" fg" nc" oglqtc" fg" ncu" ecnkhkecekqpgu"
cecffiokecu"{"gn"fgugorg‚q"gueqnct0"Fgn"okuoq"oqfq."ug"jcp"kpetgogpvcfq"nqu"pkxgngu"fg"
dkgpguvct" {" clwuvg" rukeqn„ikeq" {" nc" ucvkuhceek„p" fg" ncu" tgncekqpgu" kpvgtrgtuqpcngu" fg" nqu"
cnwopqu0"Fg"guvc"ocpgtc"ug"rwgfg"fgvgtokpct"swg"cnvqu"pkxgngu"fg"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
rtgfkegp"oglqt"dkgpguvct"rukeqn„ikeq="gu"fgekt."ogpqt"ukpvqocvqnqi c"cpukquc"{"fgrtgukxc"{"
ogpqt"vgpfgpekc"c"vgpgt"rgpucokgpvqu"kpvtwukxqu0""
Guvc" kpeqtrqtcek„p" fg" eqorgvgpekcu" d ukecu" cn" ewtt ewnq" pqu" jc" qdnkicfq" c" rncpvgctpqu"
ew ngu" uqp" nqu" crtgpfk|clgu" hwpfcogpvcngu" swg" fgdg" cfswktkt" vqfq" gn" cnwopcfq" gp" ecfc"
wpc" fg" ncu" gvcrcu." tgcu" {" ocvgtkcu0" Fg" ncu" qejq" eqorgvgpekcu" d ukecu" fg" rtkoctkc" cn"
ogpqu" ugku" *eqorgvgpekc" gp" eqowpkecek„p." eqorgvgpekc" gp" gn" eqpqekokgpvq" {" gp" nc"
kpvgtceek„p"eqp"gn"owpfq"pcvwtcn."eqorgvgpekc"uqekcn"{"ekwfcfcpc."eqorgvgpekc"ctv uvkec"{"
ewnvwtcn." eqorgvgpekc" rctc" crtgpfgt" c" crtgpfgt." eqorgvgpekc" fg" kpkekcvkxc" {" gur tkvw"
gortgpfgfqt+"guv p"guvtgejcogpvg"tgncekqpcfcu"eqp"gn"owpfq"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu0""
Gn"rtqitcoc"pwpec"jc"rtgvgpfkfq"ugt"nc"uqnwek„p"c"vqfcu"ncu"rtgqewrcekqpgu"gfwecvkxcu."fg"
eqorqtvcokgpvq"{"fg"ucnwf"ogpvcn"{"h ukec"fg"nqu"pk‚qu."rgtq"eqpvtkdw{g"c"wp"cwogpvq"fg"
nc"cwvqeqpekgpekc"{"nc"cwvqeqortgpuk„p="oc{qt"ecrcekfcf"rctc"tgnclct"gn"ewgtrq"{"nkdgtct"nc"
vgpuk„p" h ukec="wpc"oglqtc"fg"nc"eqpegpvtcek„p" {"nc"ecrcekfcf"fg"rtguvct"cvgpek„p."codcu"
"
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hwpfcogpvcngu" rctc" gn" crtgpfk|clg=" nc" ecrcekfcf" fg" jcegt" htgpvg" c" ukvwcekqpgu" fg" guvtfiu"
eqp"oc{qt"ghkecekc"ogfkcpvg."nc"etgcek„p"fg"wpcu"tgurwguvcu"o u"tgnclcfcu"{"ceqtfgu"c"ncu"
hwgpvgu" fg" guvtfiu=" wp" oc{qt" eqpvtqn" uqdtg" nqu" rgpucokgpvqu." eqp" ogpqt" fqokpkq" fg"
rgpucokgpvqu" pgicvkxqu=" oc{qtgu" qrqtvwpkfcfgu" rctc" rtqhwpfk|ct" nc" eqowpkecek„p" {" gn"
gpvgpfkokgpvq" eqp" rtqhguqtgu" {" cnwopqu." gp" dcug" cn" vtcdclq" uqdtg" jcdknkfcfgu" fg"
eqowpkecek„p"{"fg"gzrtguk„p"goqekqpcn."{"rqt"uwrwguvq"wpc"oc{qt"hceknkfcf"fg"tguqnwek„p"
fg"eqphnkevqu0"
Fkp okec"fg"cwnc"
Kiwcn" swg" ncu" ocvgo vkecu." nc" ngpiwc" q" ncu" ekgpekcu." gn" Rtqitcoc" fg" Kpvgnkigpekc" Uqekcn" {"
Goqekqpcn"gu"wpc"fkuekrnkpc"swg"kpenw{g"eqpqekokgpvqu."eqpegrvqu."cevkvwfgu"{"jcdknkfcfgu0"
Tgswkgtg" fg" wpc" kpuvtweek„p" eqpukuvgpvg" fg" cewgtfq" c" wp" ewtt ewnq" dcucfq" gp" nc"
kpxguvkicek„p" eqp" wp" eqplwpvq" fg" ngeekqpgu" swg." wpc" xg|" swg" ncu" jcdknkfcfgu" uqekcngu" {"
goqekqpcngu" jcp" ukfq" Åcrtgpfkfcu" {" crtgjgpfkfcuÇ." jcp" fg" ugt" crnkecfcu" gp" vqfcu" ncu"
tgcu"fgn"ewtt ewnq"{"gp"ukvwcekqpgu"tgcngu"fg"nc"xkfc"gueqnct"{"rgtuqpcn"fgn"cnwopq0"
Gn"Rtqitcoc"eqpuvc"fg"42"ngeekqpgu"rctc"ecfc"ewtuq."ugewgpekcfcu"fg"ocpgtc"n„ikec"rctc"kt"
etgcpfq"ncu"dcugu"fg"wp"codkgpvg"ugiwtq"{"rqukvkxq"gp"ncu"cwncu0"
Gn"crtgpfk|clg"fg"ncu"guvtcvgikcu"*ngeekqpgu+"pq"fgdg"uwrgtct"nqu"42"q"52"okpwvqu."ukgpfq"nq"
korqtvcpvg" nc" crnkecek„p" fg" fkejcu" guvtcvgikcu" gp" vqfcu" ncu" tgcu" fgn" ewtt ewnq" {" gp"
ukvwcekqpgu"tgcngu"fg"nc"xkfc"gueqnct0"Cniwpqu"fg"nqu"vgocu"swg"ug"vtcdclcp"gp"gn"Rtqitcoc"
uqp<""
̇ Crtgpfgt"c"guewejct<"nc"dwgpc"{"nc"ocnc"guewejc0"
̇ Etgct"wp"enkoc"gueqnct"rqukvkxq0"
̇ Crtgpfgt"c"vtcdclct"fg"hqtoc"eqqrgtcvkxc0"
̇ Gpvgpfgt"swfi"gu"nc"eqowpkecek„p0"
̇ Kfgpvkhkect"ugpvkokgpvqu0"
̇ Eqowpkect"ugpvkokgpvqu0"
̇ Gzrtguct"ugpvkokgpvqu0"
̇ Ncu"tgurwguvcu"c"nc"ktc0"
̇ Nc"cugtvkxkfcf0"
"
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̇ Nc"tgnclcek„p"owuewnct<"tgnclcek„p"owuewnct"rtqitgukxc0"
̇ Rtguvct"cvgpek„p<"nc"cvgpek„p"rngpc0"
̇ Fghkpkt"gn"eqphnkevq0"
̇ Crtgpfgt"c"tguqnxgt"eqphnkevqu0"
̇ Kfgpvkhkect"uqnwekqpgu"rctc"swg"vqfqu"icpgp0"
Gn"rcrgn"swg"fgdg"cuwokt"gn"rtqhguqt"c"nq"nctiq"fg"guvg"rtqeguq"pq"gu"gn"fg"ugt"vtcpuokuqt"
fg"eqpqekokgpvqu."ukpq"gn"fg"ugt"gpvtgpcfqt"{"hceknkvcfqt"fg"gzrgtkgpekcu"swg"rgtokvc"c"nqu"
cnwopqu"jcegt"uwu"rtqrkqu"fguewdtkokgpvqu"{"oglqtct"uwu"ecrcekfcfgu0"
Hcugu"fg"ncu"cevkxkfcfgu"
Ncu"cevkxkfcfgu" ukiwgp"ekpeq"hcugu<"*3+" tgwpk„p."*4+"cigpfc."*5+" ewgtrq"fg"nc"ngeek„p."*6+"

gxcnwcek„p"{"*7+"ekgttg0""
Nc"Åtgwpk„pÇ"cvtcg"cn"itwrq"rctc"cdtkt"nc"ngeek„p"{"uwgng"ugt"wpc"cevkxkfcf"swg"kpxqnwetc"c"
vqfqu" fg" kpogfkcvq." chktoc" ghkec|ogpvg" vcpvq" c" nqu"kpfkxkfwqu" eqoq" gn" itwrq0" Owejcu" fg"
ncu" tgwpkqpgu" eqpukuvgp" gp" Åjcegt" wp" tqfgqÇ" gp" gn" swg" vqfqu" eqpvtkdw{gp0" Ewcpfq" ncu"
encugu" uqp" itcpfgu" {" nc" fkurqpkdknkfcf" fgn" cwnc" gu" tguvtkevkxc." gn" Åjcegt" wp" tqfgqÇ" gu"
tggornc|cfq"eqp"nc"ugrctcek„p"fg"nqu"guvwfkcpvgu"gp"rctglcu"fwtcpvg"wp"okpwvq"q"fqu"rctc"
swg"vqfqu"vgpicp"nc"qrqtvwpkfcf"fg"fgekt"cniq0""
Nc" ÅcigpfcÇ" rgtokvg" c" nqu" guvwfkcpvgu" ucdgt" swfi" cevkxkfcfgu" jct p" gug" f c" {" ngu" fc" nc"
qrqtvwpkfcf"fg"eqogpvct"{."rqukdngogpvg"oqfkhkect"gn"qtfgp"fgn"f c0"
Gn"Åewgtrq"fg"nc"ngeek„pÇ"eqpukuvg" gp"cevkxkfcfgu"fguvkpcfcu"c"c{wfct"c"nqu"guvwfkcpvgu" c"

crtgpfgt" wp" eqpegrvq" q" fguvtg|c" gp" rctvkewnct" fg" wpc" hqtoc" ow{" cvtcevkxc0" Jc{" fqu"
eqorqpgpvgu"gugpekcngu"rctc"ecfc"cevkxkfcf<"
30 Nc"cevkxkfcf"fgdg"ugt"gzrnkecfc"enctcogpvg"rctc"swg"vqfq"gn"owpfq"ugrc"nq"swg"ug"
gurgtc0"
40 Nqu"rtqhguqtgu"fgdgp"fct"c"nqu"guvwfkcpvgu"vqfq"gn"crq{q"swg"pgegukvcp"rctc"nngxct"
c"ecdq"nc"cevkxkfcf."c"xgegu"ogfkcpvg"nc"fgoquvtcek„p"fg"e„oq"jcegtnq"gp"rtkogt"
nwict0"
Nc"encug"fgdg"fkuewvkt"nc"gzrgtkgpekc"fgurwfiu0"
"
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Gp"ewcpvq"c"Ågxcnwcek„pÇ"{"ÅekgttgÇ."ug"jcegp"rtgiwpvcu"cegtec"fg"nc"cevkxkfcf"swg"ug"jc"
nngxcfq" c" ecdq" q" ug" ngu" cpkoc" c" jcegt" cniwpc" tghngzk„p" uqdtg" nc" ngeek„p" crtgpfkfc0" Pq" ug"
vtcvc"fg"rqpgt"ÅpqvcuÇ."ukpq"fg"tghngzkqpct"cegtec"fg"nq"crtgpfkfq0"Rctc"hkpcnk|ct."ug"jceg"
cni¿p"lwgiq"dtgxg"swg"uktxg"fg"tguwogp"hkpcn"fg"nq"crtgpfkfq0"
Nqu" tguwnvcfqu" fg" crnkect" guvg" rtqitcoc" fg" kpvgnkigpekc" uqekcn" {" goqekqpcn" gp" pwguvtqu"
eqngikqu"uwikgtgp"wpc"tgfweek„p"fg"eqphnkevqu." wp"cwogpvq"fg" gorcv c."o u" uqnkfctkfcf"{"
eqqrgtcek„p."wpc"oglqtc"gp"ngevwtc."guetkvwtc"{"ocvgo vkecu."oc{qt"kornkecek„p"fg"vqfc"nc"
eqowpkfcf" gueqnct" gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc" eqorgvgpekc" uqekcn" {" goqekqpcn" {" hcoknkcu"
ugpukdknk|cfcu"gp"nc"korqtvcpekc"fgn"crtgpfk|clg"{"iguvk„p"fg"ncu"goqekqpgu0"
Dkdnkqitch c""
Ictfpgt."J0"*3;;7+0Kpvgnkigpekcu"o¿nvkrngu<"Nc"vgqt c"gp"nc"rt evkec0"Rckf„u."Dctegnqpc0"

Ictfpgt." J0" *4233+0"Xgtfcf." dgnng|c" {" dqpfcf" tghqtowncfcu0" Nc" gpug‚cp|c" gp" ncu" xktvwfgu" fgn" ukinq"
ZZK0"Rckf„u."Dctegnqpc0"
Iqngocp."F0"*3;;8+0"Kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Mckt„u."Dctegnqpc0"
Iqngocp."F0"*4228+0"Kpvgnkigpekc"uqekcn0"Mckt„u."Dctegnqpc0"
Ncpvkgtk." N0" *422;+0" Kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" kphcpvkn" {" lwxgpkn<" Glgtekekqu" rctc" ewnvkxct" nc" hqtvcng|c"
Kpvgtkqt"gp"pk‚qu"{"l„xgpgu0"Ciwknct."Ocftkf0"
"
115
LAS CLAVES DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL""
"
320"Ncu"encxgu"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
Qevcxk"Rncpgnnu"
Emociones, por defecto
Xgpkoqu"cn"owpfq"gswkrcfqu"eqp"wp"eqplwpvq"fg"tgceekqpgu"kpeqpuekgpvgu"swg"eqpuvkvw{gp"
wp"ogecpkuoq"ucdkq"eqp"gn"swg"nc"pcvwtcng|c"jc"rncpkhkecfq"nc"uwrgtxkxgpekc"fg"nc"gurgekg<"
ncu"goqekqpgu"d ukecu"{"wpkxgtucngu0"Nc"goqek„p"gu"cswgnnq"swg"pqu"korgng"c"swgtgt"guvct"
xkxqu." gp" kpvgtceek„p" eqpuvcpvg" eqp" gn" owpfq" {" pquqvtqu" okuoqu0" Nc" rctvg" goqekqpcn" fg"
pwguvtq"egtgdtq"iw c"nqu"rncpgu"{"fgekukqpgu"swg"vqocoqu"gp"pwguvtc"xkfc0"Ncu"goqekqpgu"
uqp"nc"dcug"hwpfcogpvcn"fgn"rtqrkq"rtqeguq"fg"tc|qpcokgpvq"{"nc"vqoc"fg"fgekukqpgu0"
Alimento para las emociones
Gn"ogecpkuoq"rtkpekrcn"swg" gpekgpfg"ncu" goqekqpgu."swg"cnkogpvc"nc"cvgpek„p" {"swg"cdtg"

ncu" rwgtvcu" cn" crtgpfk|clg" gu" nc" ewtkqukfcf0" Ugt" ewtkquq" gu" cniq" swg" ug" cevkxc" c" nqu" rqequ"
ogugu" fg" pcegt" {" swg" pqu" gorwlc" c" lwict." c" gzrgtkogpvct." tgekdkt" guv ownqu." qdvgpgt"
tgeqorgpucu" {" guvcdngegt" x pewnqu" gpvtg" nq" swg" qewttg" c" pwguvtq" cntgfgfqt" {" pwguvtcu"
goqekqpgu0"Gn"rguq"fg"nc"twvkpc"eqvkfkcpc."gn"guvtfiu"{"qvtcu"rtgukqpgu"pqu"rwgfgp"cttgdcvct"
guvg"ect evgt"ewtkquq."nngx pfqpqu"c"wp"guvcfq"fg"crci„p"goqekqpcn"ecrc|"fg"tgrgtewvkt"gp"
nc"cvgpek„p"fg"pwguvtqu"jklqu"{"gp"uw"kpvgtfiu"rqt"crtgpfgt0"
En la piel de otros
Ucdgt"gzrtguct"pwguvtcu"goqekqpgu"gu"encxg"vcpvq"rctc"eqortgpfgt"ncu"fg"nqu"fgo u"eqoq"
rctc"swg"nqu"fgo u"pqu"eqortgpfcp0"Guvc"eqpgzk„p"eqp"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu"clgpqu"pqu"jceg"
rctv ekrgu"fg"ncu" goqekqpgu"eqngevkxcu" {"oglqtc"pwguvtc"kpvgitcek„p" uqekcn0"Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn"tgswkgtg"fg"cnvcu"jcdknkfcfgu"gp"ncu"tgncekqpgu"uqekcngu"{"rctc"gnnq."nc"gorcv c"gu"
hwpfcogpvcn0"Cfgo u."nc"gorcv c"eqpuvkvw{g"wp"rknct"d ukeq"rctc"rqfgt"gfwect"c"pwguvtqu"
jklqu"fgufg"nc"eqortgpuk„p0"
Un pilar de nuestra inteligencia
Nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" hcxqtgeg" nc" ecrcekfcf" fg" vqoct" eqpekgpekc" fg" ncu" goqekqpgu"
rtqrkcu"{"clgpcu."{"fg"iguvkqpct"fkejcu"goqekqpgu"rctc"fktkikt"nqu"rtqrkqu"rgpucokgpvqu"{"
ceekqpgu0"Nc"gxkfgpekc"gor tkec"crwpvc"jcekc"ghgevqu"rqukvkxqu"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"
gp"fkxgtuqu"curgevqu"fg"pwguvtcu"xkfcu<"gpvtg"qvtqu."ogpqtgu"pkxgngu"fg"guvtfiu."tgfweek„p"
fg"eqphnkevqu."fg"eqorqtvcokgpvqu"fg"tkguiq."oc{qt"tguknkgpekc."o u"ecrcekfcf"rctc"ucdgt"
"
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gpeclct"nc"htwuvtcek„p."oc{qt"tgpfkokgpvq"cecffiokeq"{."gp"¿nvkoq"vfitokpq."wpc"oglqtc"fgn"
dkgpguvct"goqekqpcn0""
Cinco destrezas imprescindibles
Oglqtct"pwguvtc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"rcuc"rqt"fqokpct"ekpeq"jcdknkfcfgu"hwpfcogpvcngu."
ncu"fgpqokpcfcu"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu0"Rtkogtq."jc{"swg"vgpgt"eqpekgpekc"goqekqpcn="
rqfgt" tgeqpqegt" ncu" goqekqpgu" {" ugpvkokgpvqu" swg" pqu" chnqtcp0" Nwgiq." nglqu" fg" tgrtkokt"
guvcu" goqekqpgu." jc{" swg" ucdgt" tgiwnctncu" cpvg" ukvwcekqpgu" vcpvq" hcxqtcdngu" eqoq"
cfxgtucu0"Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"vcodkfip"ug"eqpuvtw{g"eqp"fquku"fg"gorcv c."fg"ucdgt"
rqpgtug"gp"nc"rkgn"fg"nqu"fgo u"{"eqortgpfgt"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu"clgpqu0"Gnnq"pqu"nngxc"c"uw"
xg|" c" qvtc" eqorgvgpekc." ncu" jcdknkfcfgu" uqekcngu." gn" ucdgt" vtcvct" eqp" swkgp" pqu" tqfgc" {"
guvcdngegt" nc|qu" ucpqu" {" fwtcfgtqu0" Gn" ¿nvkoq" kpitgfkgpvg" rctc" eqpuqnkfct" pwguvtc"
kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" eqpuvc" fg" cswgnncu" jcdknkfcfgu" swg" rtqowgxgp" nc" eqpuvtweek„p" fgn"
dkgpguvct"rgtuqpcn"{"uqekcn0""
La forja de la inteligencia emocional
Gn" rtqeguq" rqt" gn" swg" wpc" rgtuqpc" rqvgpekc" guvcu" eqorgvgpekcu" ug" fgpqokpc" gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn0"Fkejq"rtqeguq"vkgpg"wp"ect evgt"eqpvkpwq."rtqnqpicfq."gokpgpvgogpvg"rt evkeq"
{" uwu" crnkecekqpgu" eqpvtkdw{gp" gp" owejcu" ukvwcekqpgu" fg" pwguvtc" xkfc" fkctkc." eqoq" nc"
eqowpkecek„p" ghgevkxc" {" chgevkxc." nc" tguqnwek„p" fg" eqphnkevqu." nc" vqoc" fg" fgekukqpgu000" Gp"
¿nvkoq"vfitokpq."nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"rtgvgpfg"ecrcekvct"c"ncu"rgtuqpcu"rctc"cfqrvct"wpc"
cevkvwf" rqukvkxc" cpvg" nc" xkfc." eqp" gn" hkp" fg" cnecp|ct" wp" oc{qt" dkgpguvct" goqekqpcn." swg"
tgfwpfc"gp"wp"oc{qt"dkgpguvct"uqekcn0"
La receta para la prevención
Nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gu"wpc"hqtoc"fg"rtgxgpek„p"rtkoctkc"kpgurge hkec0"Wpc"rgtuqpc"eqp"
eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" guvct " o u" rtgrctcfc" rctc" fct" guswkpc|q" c" ncu" cfkeekqpgu." nc"
xkqngpekc." nc" fgnkpewgpekc." nqu" eqorqtvcokgpvqu" fg" tkguiq." gn" uwkekfkq." nc" korwnukxkfcf." nqu"
vtcuvqtpqu" tgncekqpcfqu" eqp" nc" hcnvc" fg" cwvqguvkoc." gve0" Cfgo u." cfswktkt" eqorgvgpekcu"
goqekqpcngu" fgufg" gfcfgu" vgortcpcu" hcxqtgeg" gn" fgucttqnnq" cecffiokeq" {" rtqhgukqpcn."
cwogpvcpfq" nc" rtgxgpek„p" fg" ncu" cfxgtukfcfgu" fg" nc"xkfc" cfwnvc"{" tgfwekgpfq" nqu" pkxgngu"
fg"guvtfiu"{"fgrtguk„p0"
Cuanto antes, mejor
Nc"rtqpvkvwf"eqp"swg"ncu"rgtuqpcu"fgdgt cp"gorg|ct"c"cfswktkt"guvcu"eqorgvgpekcu"gu"cniq"
swg"guv p"rqpkgpfq"fg"ocpkhkguvq"wp"p¿ogtq"etgekgpvg"fg"guvwfkqu"ekgpv hkequ0"C{wfct"c"nqu"
"
117
LAS CLAVES DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL""
"
pk‚qu" gp" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" uwu" eqorgvgpekcu" goqekqpcngu" gp" wpc" hcug" vgortcpc" fg" nc"
kphcpekc" fc" nwict" c" itcpfgu" fkhgtgpekcu" gp" uw" ucnwf" {" dkgpguvct" c" nctiq" rnc|q0" Kpenwuq"
fwtcpvg"gn"godctc|q."gu"ow{"korqtvcpvg"nc"kphnwgpekc"fgn"guvcfq"goqekqpcn"fg"nc"ocftg"gp"
ncu"tgrgtewukqpgu"swg"guvg"rwgfg"vgpgt"gp"gn"hgvq0""
En el hogar
Uk" jc{" wp" gpvqtpq" fqpfg" gu" kortguekpfkdng" swg" ug" ffi" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" eqorgvgpekcu"
goqekqpcngu." guvg" gu" gn" fg" nc" hcoknkc0" Nqu" hwgtvgu" nc|qu" goqekqpcngu" gpvtg" rcftgu" g" jklqu"
jcegp"pgeguctkq"swg"wpqu"{"qvtqu"rwgfcp"crtgpfgt"c"ugt"goqekqpcnogpvg"kpvgnkigpvgu"eqp"
gn" qdlgvkxq" fg" eqpugiwkt" xkxkt" vqfqu" eqp" oc{qt" dkgpguvct0" Nqu" rcftgu" fgdgp" ugt" wp"
tghgtgpvg"rctc"c{wfct"c"fgucttqnnct"ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu"gp"uwu"jklqu."ugt p"uwu"
oqfgnqu" fg" eqorqtvcokgpvq0" Fgdkfq" c" gnnq." gu" kortguekpfkdng" swg" nqu" rcftgu" fgucttqnngp"
vcodkfip"uw"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"ectc"c"hcxqtgegt"nc"fg"uwu"jklqu0"
En la escuela
Nqu"rtqitcocu"fg"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"ncu"cwncu"fgdgt cp"rqpgtug"gp"octejc"fgufg"ncu"
rtkogtcu" gvcrcu" gueqnctgu0" Gn" fkug‚q" fgn" rtqitcoc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" vgpft c" swg"
eqpvct"eqp"gn"crq{q"g"kornkecek„p"fg"vqfc"nc"eqowpkfcf"gfwecvkxc"*rtqhguqtgu."cnwopqu"{"
hcoknkctgu+" {" eqpvgornct" uw" rwguvc" gp" rt evkec" fgufg" wpc" rgturgevkxc" vtcpuxgtucn" gp" gn"
ewtt ewnq0" Nqu" rtqhguqtgu" fgdgp" hqtoctug" rtgxkcogpvg" rctc" rqfgt" nngxct" c" ecdq" gn"
rtqitcoc0" Gu" kpfkurgpucdng" swg" gn" rtqitcoc" kpenw{c" wp" rncp" fg" gxcnwcek„p" fgn" rtqitcoc"
swg"guvfi"rtgugpvg"cpvgu."fwtcpvg"{"fgurwfiu"fg"uw"crnkecek„p0"
"
"
118
"
330"Tghgtgpekcu"dkdnkqit hkecu"rctc"nc"rt evkec"
Rctc" crq{ct" nc" ncdqt" fg" ncu" hcoknkcu" {" fgn" rtqhguqtcfq" gp" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn." ug" jcp"
gncdqtcfq" ocvgtkcngu" rt evkequ." eqp" glgtekekqu" {" cevkxkfcfgu" rt evkecu" gphqecfcu" cn"
fgucttqnnq"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"{"ncu"eqorgvgpekcu"goqekqpcngu0"Ug"rwgfg"tgewttkt"c"
guvqu" ocvgtkcngu" *citwrcfqu" rqt" fguvkpcvctkqu+" fqpfg" ug" gpeqpvtct p" cdwpfcpvgu"
uwigtgpekcu"{"fkp okecu"gp"gn"oqogpvq"fg"rqpgt"gp"rt evkec"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"
"
Rctc"nc"gfwecek„p"kphcpvkn"
I„og|/Dtwiwgtc." L0" *4225+0" Gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" {" ngpiwclg" gp" nc" guewgnc0" Dctegnqpc<"
Qevcgftq/Tquc"Ugpucv0"
ITQR" *422;+0" Cevkxkfcfgu" rctc" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" nqu" pk‚qu0"
Dctegnqpc<"Rcttco„p0"*xgtuk„p"gp"ecuvgnncpq."ecvcn p."htcpefiu."rqtvwiwfiu."jqncpffiu"{"
gunqxgpq+0"
N„rg|/Ecuu ." G0" *Eqqtf0+0" *4225+0" Gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Rtqitcoc" rctc" 5/8" c‚qu0"
Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Rcnqw/Xkegpu." U0" *4226+0" Ugpvkt" {" etgegt0" Gn" etgekokgpvq" goqekqpcn" gp" nc" kphcpekc0"
Dctegnqpc<"Itc„0"
Ujcrktq."N0G0"*3;;:+0"Nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn"fg"nqu"pk‚qu0"Dctegnqpc<"Gfkekqpgu"D0"
Rctc"nc"gfwecek„p"rtkoctkc"
Ectrgpc." C0" *4225+<" Gfwecek„p" uqekqgoqekqpcn" gp" nc" gvcrc" fg" rtkoctkc0" Dctegnqpc0"
Qevcgftq0"
Gnkcu." O0L0." Vqdkcu." U0G0." Htkgfncpfgt." D0U0" *3;;;+0" Gfwect" eqp" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0"
Tgpqo." C0" *Eqqtf0+0" *4225+0" Gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Rtqitcoc" rctc" nc" gfwecek„p" rtkoctkc0"
Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Xcnnfiu/Ct pfkic." C0" *3;;;+0" UKENG0" Ukgpfq" kpvgnkigpvg" eqp" ncu" goqekqpgu0" Xcngpekc<"
Rtqoqnkdtq0"
"
119
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS PARA LA PRÁCTICA""
"
Rctc"nc"Gfwecek„p"Ugewpfctkc"Qdnkicvqtkc"*GUQ+"
Gnkcu." O0L0." Vqdkcu." U0G0." Htkgfncpfgt." D0U0" *4223+0" Gfwect" cfqnguegpvgu" eqp" kpvgnkigpekc"
goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Rnc|c"Lcpfiu0"
Rcuewcn."X0."Ewcftcfq."O0"*Eqqtfu0+0"*4223+0"Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"Rtqitcoc"fg"cevkxkfcfgu"
rctc"nc"Gfwecek„p"Ugewpfctkc"Qdnkicvqtkc0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Rctc"nc"Gfwecek„p"Ugewpfctkc"Rquvqdnkicvqtkc"{"xkfc"cfwnvc"
I¯gnn/Dctegn„." O0" Ow‚q|/Tgfqp." L0" *4222+0" Fgueqp„egvg" c" vk" okuoq0" Rtqitcoc" fg"
cnhcdgvk|cek„p"goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Rckf„u0"
I¯gnn." O0." Ow‚q|." L0" *Eqqtfu0+0" *4225+0" Gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Rtqitcoc" rctc" nc" gfwecek„p"
ugewpfctkc"rquvqdnkicvqtkc0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0"
Tgfqtvc."L0." Qdkqnu." O0." Dkuswgttc."T0"*4228+0"Goqek„p"{"eqphnkevq0"Crtgpfc"c" ocpglct"ncu"
goqekqpgu0"Dctegnqpc<"Rckf„u0"
Ocvgtkcngu"rctc"ncu"hcoknkcu"
Dkuswgttc." T0" *Eqqtf0+0" *4233+0" Gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Rtqrwguvcu" rctc" gfwecfqtgu" {"
hcoknkcu0"Dkndcq<"Fguenfig"fg"Dtqygt0"
Fqnvq." H0" *3;;:+0" Gn" pk‚q" {" nc" hcoknkc0" Fgucttqnnq" goqekqpcn" {" gpvqtpq" hcoknkct0" Dctegnqpc<"
Rckf„u0"
Gnkcu." O0L0." Vqdkcu." U0G0." Htkgfncpfgt." D0U0" *3;;;+0" Gfwect" eqp" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0"
Hcdgt."C0."Oc|nkuj."G0"*3;;9+0"E„oq"jcdnct"rctc"swg"uwu"jklqu"ng"guewejgp"{"e„oq"guewejct"
rctc"swg"uwu"jklqu"ng"jcdngp0"Ocftkf<"Ogfkek0"
Hcdgt." C0." Oc|nkuj." G0" *4224+0" E„oq" jcdnct" rctc" swg" uwu" jklqu" guvwfkgp" gp" ecuc" {" gp" gn"
eqngikq0"Ocftkf<"Ogfkek0"
ITQR" *422;+0" Cevkxkfcfgu" rctc" gn" fgucttqnnq" fg" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" gp" nqu" pk‚qu0"
Dctegnqpc<"Rcttco„p0"*xgtuk„p"gp"ecuvgnncpq."ecvcn p."htcpefiu."rqtvwiwfiu."jqncpffiu"{"
gunqxgpq+0"
N„rg|/Citgnq." X0N0" *4227+0" Nc" eqowpkecek„p" gp" hcoknkc0" O u" cnn " fg" ncu" rcncdtcu0" Ocftkf<"
U pvguku0"
Rgcteg."L0"*3;;7+0"Dgttkpejgu."gphcfqu"{"rcvcngvcu0"Uqnwekqpgu"eqortqdcfcu"rctc"c{wfct"c"
vw"jklq"c"gphtgpvctug"c"goqekqpgu"hwgtvgu0"Dctegnqpc<"Rckf„u0"
Rfitg|/Uko„."T0"*4223+0"Gn"fgucttqnnq"goqekqpcn"fg"vw"jklq0"Dctegnqpc<"Rckf„u0"
Xcnnfiu/Ct pfkic." C0" *4222+0" Nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn" fg" nqu" jklqu0" E„oq" fgucttqnnctnc0"
Ocftkf0" "
"
120
"
Ocvgtkcngu"¿vkngu"gp"nc"hqtocek„p"fgn"rtqhguqtcfq"
Ciwnn„/Oqtgtc." O0L0." gv" cn0" *4232+0" Nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" gp" nc" rt evkec0" Dctegnqpc<"
Jqtuqtk/KEG0"
ènxctg|." O0" *Eqqtf0+" gv" cn0" *4223+0" Fkug‚q" {" gxcnwcek„p" fg" rtqitcocu" fg" gfwecek„p"
goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku0""
Dcej." G0." Fctfgt." R0" *4224+0" Ugf¿egvg" rctc" ugfwekt0" Xkxkt" {" gfwect" " ncu" goqekqpgu0"
Dkuswgttc." T0" *422:+0" Gfwecek„p" rctc" nc" ekwfcfcp c" {" eqpxkxgpekc0" Gn" gphqswg" fg" nc"
gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Rtczku"/"Yqnvgtu"Mnwygt0"
Dkuswgttc." T0" *Eqqtf0+0" *4233+0" Gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Rtqrwguvcu" rctc" gfwecfqtgu" {"
hcoknkcu0"Dkndcq<"Fguenfig"fg"Dtqygt0"
Icnnkhc." L0." Rfitg|." E0." Tqxktc." H0." gv" cn0" *4224+0" Nc" kpvgn:nkiflpekc" goqekqpcn" k" nÓgueqnc"
goqekqpcnogpv"kpvgn:nkigpv0"Dctegnqpc<"GFD0"
Ucuvtg." I0." Oqtgpq." O0" *4224+0" Tguqnwek„p" fg" eqphnkevqu" {" crtgpfk|clg" goqekqpcn0"
Dctegnqpc<"Igfkuc0"
Ucnowttk."H0"*4226+0"Nkdgtvcf"goqekqpcn0"Guvtcvgikcu"rctc"gfwect"ncu"goqekqpgu0"Dctegnqpc<"
Rckf„u0"
Ucnowttk."H0."Dncpzgt."P0"*4224+0"Rtqitcoc"rctc"nc"gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"gp"nc"guewgnc0"Gp"
T0" Dkuswgttc." Nc" rt evkec" fg" nc" qtkgpvcek„p" {" nc" vwvqt c" *rr0" 367/39;+0" Dctegnqpc<"
Rtczku0"
Ugiwtc." O0." Ctecu." O0" *4225+0" Gfwect" ncu" goqekqpgu" " {" nqu" ugpvkokgpvqu0" Kpvtqfweek„p"
rt evkec"cn"eqornglq"owpfq"fg"nqu"ugpvkokgpvqu0"Ocftkf<"Pctegc0"
Xcnnfiu/Ct pfkic." C0." Xcnnfiu/Vqtvquc." E0" *3;;;+0" Fgucttqnncpfq" nc" kpvgnkigpekc" goqekqpcn0"
Ocftkf<"GQU0"
Xcnnfiu/Ct pfkic."C0."Xcnnfiu/Vqtvquc."E0"*4225+0"Rukeqrgfciqi c"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"
Xcnflpekc<"Rtqoqnkdtq0"
Ocvgtkcngu"fg"fkxwnicek„p"ekgpv hkec"
Dkuswgttc."T0"*4222+0"Gfwecek„p"goqekqpcn"{"dkgpguvct0"Dctegnqpc<"Yqnvgtu"Mnwygt0"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k."O0"*3;;9+0"Hnwkt"*hnqy+0"Wpc"rukeqnqi c"fg"nc"hgnkekfcf0"Dctegnqpc<"Mckt„u0"
Fcocukq."C0"T0"*3;;8+0"Gn"gttqt"fg"Fguectvgu0"Dctegnqpc<"Et vkec0"
"
121
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS PARA LA PRÁCTICA""
"
Iqngocp."F0." Dq{cv|ku." T0." OeMgg."C0"*4224+0"Gn"n fgt" tguqpcpvg"etgc" o u0" Gn"rqfgt"fg"nc"
kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn0"Dctegnqpc<"Rnc|c"("Lcpfiu0"
Oqtc." H0" *4232+" ½Ug" rwgfg" tgvtcuct" gn" gpxglgekokgpvq" fgn" egtgdtqA" Ocftkf<" Cnkcp|c"
Gfkvqtkcn0"
Rwpugv."G0"*4227+0"Gn"xkclg"c"nc"hgnkekfcf0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0"
Rwpugv."G0"*4229+0"Gn"xkclg"cn"coqt0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0"
Rwpugv."G0"*4232+0"Gn"xkclg"cn"rqfgt"fg"nc"ogpvg0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0""
Rwpugv."G0"*4233+0"Gzewucu"rctc"pq"rgpuct0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0"
Rwpugv."G0"*4233+0"Xkclg"cn"qrvkokuoq0"Dctegnqpc<"Fguvkpq0"
"
122
"
Cwvqtgu""
Gfwctf"Rwpugv""
Cdqicfq."geqpqokuvc"{"eqowpkecfqt"ekgpv hkeq0"Gu"nkegpekcfq"gp"Fgtgejq"rqt"nc"Wpkxgtukfcf"
fg" Ocftkf"{"o uvgt"gp" Ekgpekcu" Geqp„okecu"rqt"nc"Wpkxgtukv{" qh"Nqpfqp0"Fgufg"uw" hcegvc"
rqn vkec."vwxq"wp"fguvcecfq"rcrgn"gp"nc"vtcpukek„p"c"nc"fgoqetcekc"eqoq"Ugetgvctkq"Igpgtcn"
Vfiepkeq" fgn" Iqdkgtpq" {" gp" nc" crgtvwtc" fg" Gurc‚c" cn"gzvgtkqt" eqoq" Okpkuvtq" fg" Tgncekqpgu"
rctc" ncu" Eqowpkfcfgu" Gwtqrgcu0" Gu" fktgevqt" {" rtgugpvcfqt" fgn" rtqitcoc" fg" fkxwnicek„p"
ekgpv hkec"Tgfgu"fg"VXG."swg"gp"4234"cnecp|c"uw"fgekoqugzvc"vgorqtcfc."rtgukfgpvg"fg"nc"
rtqfwevqtc"fg"eqpvgpkfqu"cwfkqxkuwcngu"ekgpv hkequ"Itwrq"Rwpugv"Rtqfweekqpgu"cu "eqoq"fg"
nc" Hwpfcek„p" swg" nngxc" uw" pqodtg" {" cwvqt" fg" xctkqu" nkdtqu" ew{q" rtkpekrcn" qdlgvkxq" gu" nc"
fkxwnicek„p"fgn"eqpqekokgpvq"ekgpv hkeq0"
Tchcgn"Dkuswgttc""
Ecvgft vkeq" fg" nc" Wpkxgtukvcv" fg" Dctegnqpc" *WD+." fktgevqt" fgn" O uvgt" gp" Gfwecek„p"
Goqekqpcn"{"Dkgpguvct"{"fgn"O uvgt"gp"Kpvgnkigpekc"Goqekqpcn"gp"ncu"Qticpk|cekqpgu"fg"nc"
WD" {" hwpfcfqt" fgn" Itwr" fg" Tgegtec" gp" Qtkgpvcek„" Rukeqrgfci ikec" *ITQR+" gp" nc" okuoc"
kpuvkvwek„p0" Uw" n pgc" fg" kpxguvkicek„p" gu" nc" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Cniwpcu" fg" uwu"
rwdnkecekqpgu"uqp<"Rukeqrgfciqi c"fg"ncu"Goqekqpgu"*U pvguku."422;+."Gfwecek„p"Goqekqpcn"
{" Dkgpguvct" *Yqnvgtu" Mnwygt." 4222+." Gfwecek„p" rctc" nc" Ekwfcfcp c" {" Eqpxkxgpekc0" Gn"
Tphqswg"fg"nc"Gfwecek„p"Goqekqpcn"*Yqnvgtu"Mnwygt."422:+."Nc"Gfwecek„p"Goqekqpcn"gp"nc"
Rt evkec"*Jqtuqtk/KEG."4232+."Gfwecek„p"Goqekqpcn0"Rtqrwguvcu"rctc"Gfwecfqtgu"{"Hcoknkcu"
*Fguenfig"fg"Dtqygt."4233+0"
Htcpekueq"Oqtc""
Fqevqt" gp" Ogfkekpc" rqt" nc" Wpkxgtukfcf" fg" Itcpcfc" {" fqevqt" gp" Pgwtqekgpekcu" rqt" nc"
Wpkxgtukv{" qh" Qzhqtf0" Cevwcnogpvg" gu" ecvgft vkeq" fg" Hkukqnqi c" Jwocpc" gp" nc" Wpkxgtukfcf"
Eqornwvgpug"fg"Ocftkf"{" ecvgft vkeq" cfuetkvq" fgn"Fgrctvcogpvq"fg"Hkukqnqi c"Oqngewnct"{"
Dkqh ukec" fg" nc" Wpkxgtukv{" qh" Kqyc0" Itcp" eqpqegfqt" fgn" egtgdtq" {" fg" uwu" ogecpkuoqu." gu"
cwvqt" fg" o u" fg" 622" vtcdclqu" {" eqowpkecekqpgu" ekgpv hkecu" cu " eqoq" fg" fkxgtuqu" nkdtqu."
gpvtg" nqu" swg" hkiwtcp" qdtcu" fg" fkxwnicek„p" eqp" ncu" swg" cegtec" cn" itcp" r¿dnkeq" nqu"
eqpqekokgpvqu"fg"pwguvtq"„ticpq"o u"eqornglq."gn"egtgdtq0"
" "
"
123
AUTORES""
"
Guvjgt"Ictekc"Pcxcttq"
Eqqtfkpcfqtc" {" fqegpvg" fgn" O uvgt" gp" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" {" Dkgpguvct" {" fgn" O uvgt" gp"
Kpvgnkigpekc"Goqekqpcn"gp"ncu"Qticpk|cekqpgu"gp"nc"Wpkxgtukvcv"fg"Dctegnqpc0"Ug"jc"hqtocfq"
gp"Kpvgnkigpekc"Goqekqpcn"gp"nc"Wpkxgtukv{"qh"[cng0"O uvgt"gp"Gfwecek„p"rctc"nc"Ekwfcfcp c"
{"Xcnqtgu0"Hqtocfqtc"gp"Gfwecek„p"g"Kpvgnkigpekc"Goqekqpcn0"Gpvtg"uwu"rwdnkecekqpgu"guv "
Nc" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" gp" nc" Rt evkec" *Jqtuqtk." 4232+." Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn0" Rtqrwguvcu"
rctc"Gfwecfqtgu"{"Hcoknkcu"*Fguenfig"fg"Dtqygt."4233+0"
ênkc"N„rg|"Ecuu "
Ocguvtc." rukeqrgfciqic" {" fqevqtc" gp" ekgpekcu" fg" nc" gfwecek„p0" Cevwcnogpvg" vtcdclc" fg"
ocguvtc" gp" wpc" guewgnc" {" cukokuoq" glgteg" fg" rtqhguqtc" cuqekcfc" gp" nc" Wpkxgtukvcv" fg"
Dctegnqpc" *WD+0" Vcodkfip" gu" hqtocfqtc" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" {" jc" rctvkekrcfq" eqoq"
fqegpvg" gp" o uvgtu" {" rquvitcfqu" fg" fkuvkpvcu" wpkxgtukfcfgu0" Jc" rwdnkecfq" xctkqu" nkdtqu" {"
ctv ewnqu" fg" gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn0" Gu" okgodtq" fgn" Itwr" fg" Tgegtec" gp" Qtkgpvcek„"
Rukeqrgfci ikec"*ITQR+"fg"nc"WD0"
Lwcp"Ectnqu"Rfitg|/Iqp| ng|""
Fqevqt"gp"Gfwecek„p"rqt"nc"Wpkxgtukfcf"Pcekqpcn"fg"Gfwecek„p"c"Fkuvcpekc"*WPGF+."eqp"nc"
ogpek„p" fg" Fqevqt" Gwtqrgq" {" Rtgokq" Gzvtcqtfkpctkq" fg" Fqevqtcfq0" O uvgt" gp" Rukeqnqi c"
Uqekcn" rqt" nc" Wpkxgtukfcf" Eqornwvgpug" fg" Ocftkf0" Nkegpekcfq" gp" Rukeqrgfciqi c" rqt" nc"
Wpkxgtukfcf" fg" Jwgnxc0" Cevwcnogpvg" gu" Rtqhguqt" Eqpvtcvcfq" Fqevqt" {" Ugetgvctkq" Fqegpvg"
fgn"Fgrctvcogpvq"fg"Ofivqfqu"fg"Kpxguvkicek„p"{"Fkcip„uvkeq"gp"Gfwecek„p"KK"fg"nc"WPGF0"
Gu" Fktgevqt" fgn" Rquvitcfq" fg" Gurgekcnkuvc" gp" Fkcip„uvkeq" {" Gfwecek„p" Goqekqpcn" fg" nc"
WPGF0"Uw"vtc{gevqtkc"kpxguvkicfqtc"ug"egpvtc"gp"nc"ogfkfc"fg"nc"kpvgnkigpekc"goqekqpcn."nc"
gfwecek„p" goqekqpcn" {" nc" hqtocek„p" fg" qtkgpvcfqtgu" gfwecvkxqu0" Jc" ukfq" kpxguvkicfqt"
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126

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