CLASE Nº2 PRINCIPIOS DE RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES

Si la carga P es de 500 lbf, y la Q es de 0.5 tonf, determinar el esfuerzo en el vástago del gancho si tiene
un diámetro de ¼”.

4.44822 N
P ＝ 500 lbf ⋅ ―――― P ≔ 2224.11 N
1 lbf

9806.65 N
Q ＝ 0.5 tonf ⋅ ―――― Q ≔ 4903.325 N
1 ⋅ tonf

1 0.0254 m
d ＝ ―in ⋅ ―――― d ≔ 6.35 mm
4 1 in

∑ Fy ＝ 0 -P ⋅ cos ((15 deg)) - Q ⋅ cos ((30 deg)) + Riy ＝ 0

Riy ≔ P ⋅ cos ((15 deg )) + Q ⋅ cos ((30 deg )) = ⎛⎝6.395 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ N

π ⋅ d2
Ar ≔ ――= 31.669 mm 2
4

Riy
σt ≔ ―― σt = 201.923 MPa esfuerzo_traccion
Ar

∑ Fx ＝ 0 -P ⋅ sin ((15 deg)) + Q ⋅ sin ((30 deg)) - Rix ＝ 0

Rix ≔ -P ⋅ sin ((15 deg )) + Q ⋅ sin ((30 deg )) = ⎛⎝1.876 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ N

Q ⋅ sin ((30 deg )) = ⎛⎝2.452 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ N Rix

τ ≔ ―― = 59.238 MPa
P ⋅ sin ((15 deg )) = 575.642 N Ar
La caja de 0.8 m^3, tiene un material de peso especifico de 2750 kgf/m^3., si la barra de 60”” tiene un
diámetro de 8 mm y la barra de 100” tiene un diámetro de 6 mm, determinar los esfuerzos en ambas
barras.
Wc ＝ Vol ⋅ γ
kgf
Wc ≔ 0.8 m 3 ⋅ 2750 ―― = 2200 kgf
m3

9.8 N
Wc ＝ 2200 kgf ⋅ ―― Wc = 21574.63 N
1 kgf
9.8 N
2200 kgf ⋅ ―― = 21560 N
1 kgf

∑ MB ＝ 0 Wc ⋅ 20 in - RAy ⋅ 30 in ＝ 0

RAy ≔ 14377.33 N

∑ MA ＝ 0 Wc ⋅ 10 in - RBy ⋅ 30 in ＝ 0

RBy ≔ 7186.66 N

d60 ≔ 8 mm d100 ≔ 6 mm

π ⋅ d60 2 π ⋅ d100 2
Ar60 ≔ ――― = 50.265 mm 2 Ar100 ≔ ―――= 28.274 mm 2
4 4

RAy RBy
σt60 ≔ ―― = 286.028 MPa σt100 ≔ ――= 254.176 MPa
Ar60 Ar100

Determinar el diámetro de la barra AB si el esfuerzo resistente del material es de 110 MPa.

⎛ 2.5 ⎞
α ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ Fu ≔ 100 kN
⎝ 6 ⎠
α = 22.62 deg
⎛ 4.5 ⎞
β ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ β = 36.87 deg
⎝ 6 ⎠

∑ Fy ＝ 0 -RB ⋅ sin ((α)) + RC ⋅ sin ((β)) + Fu ＝ 0

∑ Fx ＝ 0 RB ⋅ cos ((α)) - RC ⋅ sin ((β)) ＝ 0

RB ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
4 ⋅ RB
RB ≔ 92.87 kN σt ＝ ――― d≔ ――――
π ⋅ d2 π ⋅ 110 MPa
――
4
d = 32.787 mm

d ≔ 35 mm
Determinar el diámetro de la varilla si la carga P es de 45 kgf y el material de la varilla es de acero St42

Material St 42

σy42 ≔ 260 MPa

P ≔ 45 kgf

∑ MB ＝ 0

P ⋅ 150 mm - T ⋅ sin ((10 deg)) ⋅ 50 mm ＝ 0

P ⋅ 150 mm
T ≔ ―――――――
sin ((10 deg )) ⋅ 50 mm

T = 777.434 kgf

el esfuerzo
T
σt ＝ ―――
π ⋅ d2
――
4
‾‾‾‾‾‾
4⋅T
d≔ ――― = 6.11 mm
π ⋅ σy42
Se puede considerar un diámetro 8 mm.
Determinar los esfuerzos en la estructura

Reacciones en los apoyos

∑ MA ＝ 0

-RCx ⋅ 0.6 m + 30 kN ⋅ 0.8 m ＝ 0

30 kN ⋅ 0.8 m
RCx ≔ ―――――
0.6 m

RCx = 40 kN
⎛ 0.6 ⎞
θ ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ θ = 36.87 deg
⎝ 0.8 ⎠

∑ FvB ＝ 0

-30 kN + FBC ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ 0

30 kN
FBC ≔ ――― FBC = 50 kN
sin ((θ))

∑ FhB ＝ 0

FBC ⋅ cos ((θ)) - FAB ＝ 0

FAB ≔ FBC ⋅ cos ((θ)) = 40 kN

FBC
τC ≔ ――――― 2
π ⋅ ((25 mm ))
―――――
30 kN 4
τB ≔ ―――――― 2
= 30.558 MPa
( )
π ⋅ (25 mm ) τC = 101.859 MPa
2 ⋅ ―――――
4

RAB RAB
τ ＝ ――＝ ―――
2 Ar 2 π ⋅ d2
―――
4

d ≔ 25 mm
FAB
τA ≔ ――― = 40.744 MPa
2 π ⋅ d2
―――
4

Pasador: perno grado 5.8

 Pasador: perno grado 5.8

σu5.8 ≔ 5 ⋅ 100 ⋅ MPa = 500 MPa

σy5.8 ≔ 5 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 10 ⋅ MPa = 400 MPa

τy5.8 ≔ 0.577 ⋅ σy5.8 = 230.8 MPa

F
σ ＝ ―― d1 ≔ 30 mm
Ar
d2 ≔ 50 mm

π ⋅ d1 2
Ar1 ≔ ――― = 706.858 mm 2
4

π ⋅ d2 2
Ar2 ≔ ――― = ⎛⎝1.963 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
Esfuerzo: 4

||Ri1||
∑ Fh ＝ 0 -60 kN + Ri1 ＝ 0 Ri1 ≔ 60 kN σ1t ≔ ―― = 84.883 MPa
Ar1

||Ri2||
∑ Fh ＝ 0 -60 kN + 250 kN + Ri2 ＝ 0 Ri2 ≔ -190 kN σ2c ≔ ―― = 96.766 MPa
Ar2

Deformación: Ea ≔ 200 GPa

σ ⋅ lt σ1t ⋅ 0.9 m
δ ＝ ΔL ＝ ―― δ1 ≔ ―――― δ1 = 0.382 mm
Ea Ea

σ2c ⋅ 1.2 m
δ2 ≔ ―――― δ2 = 0.581 mm
Ea

δTotal ≔ δ1 - δ2 = -0.199 mm
F ⋅ lt
δ ＝ ――
A ⋅ Ea

ΔL
ε ＝ ―― deformacion_unitaria
L
 P
σ ＝ ―― P ＝ ??
Ar

π ⋅ d1 2
d1 ≔ 0.75 in Ar1 ≔ ―――
4
∑ F＝0 -P + Ri1 ＝ 0
Ri1
Ri1 ≔ P σ1 ＝ ――
Ar1

∑ F＝0 -P - 12000 lbf + Ri2 ＝ 0

Ri2 ≔ P + 12000 lbf

Ri2
σ2 ＝ ――
Ar2

P P + 12000 lbf
σ1 ＝ σ2 ―― ＝ ―――――
Ar1 Ar2

P P 12000 lbf
―― - ―― ＝ ――――
Ar1 Ar2 Ar2

⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 12000 lbf
P ⋅ ⎜―― - ―― ⎟ ＝ ――――
⎝ Ar1 Ar2 ⎠ Ar2
d2 ≔ 1.25 in
π ⋅ d2 2
Ar2 ≔ ――― = 791.73 mm 2 12000 lbf
4 ――――
Ar2
P ≔ ――――― P = 6750 lbf
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
⎜―― - ―― ⎟
⎝ Ar1 Ar2 ⎠

ab ≔ 0.25 m bc ≔ 0.4 m

Fu ≔ 20 kN

∑ MC ＝ 0

Fu ⋅ ((ab + bc)) - RBD ⋅ bc ＝ 0

Fu ⋅ ((ab + bc))
RBD ≔ ――――― = 32.5 kN
bc

RBD
σBD ≔ ――= 513.117 MPa
2 Ar

Ar ≔ 8 mm ⋅ 36 mm = 288 mm 2
2
π ⋅ ((16 mm )) RBD
Arp ≔ ――――― τyB ≔ ―― τyB = 80.821 MPa
4 2 Arp

∑ FV ＝ 0 Fu - RBD - RCE ＝ 0 RCE ≔ Fu - RBD = -12.5 kN

∑ FV ＝ 0 Fu - RBD - RCE ＝ 0 RCE ≔ Fu - RBD = -12.5 kN

RCE
σCE ≔ ――= -21.701 MPa
2 Ar

θ＝0 º
∑ MA ＝ 0

4 kip ⋅ sin ((30 deg)) ⋅ 18 in - RB ⋅ 12 in ＝ 0

4 kip ⋅ sin ((30 deg )) ⋅ 18 in
RB ≔ ――――――――
12 in

RB = 3 kip

RBn ≔ RB ⋅ cos ((30 deg )) = 2.598 kip

W
σap ＝ ―――
d ⋅ esp

esp ＝ 1 in

P
τc ＝ ―――――
⎛5 ⎞
⎜―in ⋅ 6⎟ ⋅ esp
⎝8 ⎠
Armaduras

∑ MA ＝ 0 Ryh ⋅ 9 ⋅ 4 ft - 80 kip ⋅ 27 ft - 80 kip ⋅ 18 ft - 80 kip ⋅ 9 ft ＝ 0

80 kip ⋅ 27 ft + 80 kip ⋅ 18 ft + 80 kip ⋅ 9 ft
Ryh ≔ ―――――――――――――― = 120 kip
36 ft
Ray ≔ 120 kip
Nodo A
∑ Fv ＝ 0 Ray - Fab ⋅ sin ((α)) ＝ 0

∑ Fh ＝ 0 Ray - Fac ⋅ cos ((α)) ＝ 0