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Para el problema que se especifica en esta tabla, trabaje sobre los resultados del
problema original a fin de determinar el factor de seguridad mínimo para la
fluencia. Use la teoría del esfuerzo cortante máximo así como la teoría de la energía
de distorsión, y compare los resultados. El material es acero 1018 CD.
Ejercicio 5.40
Datos:
b ≔ 230 mm TA ≔ 2070 N
c ≔ 280 mm T ≔ 306 N m
a ≔ 300 mm r ≔ 15 mm
b' ≔ 125 mm d ≔ 30 mm
a' ≔ 200 mm
Sy ≔ 370 MPa
T2 = T1 -2448N Ec.1
T2 =0.15 T1 Ec.2
T1 ≔ 2880 N
T2 ≔ T1 - 2448 N
T2 = 432 N
TB ≔ T1 + T2 = 3.312 kN
Página 1
ΣFy =0 (+)
Ro + TB + Rc - TA =0
ΣMo =0 (+)
⎛⎝TA⎞⎠ (b + c + a) - ⎛⎝TB⎞⎠ (b)
Rc ≔ ―――――――――
((b + c))
Rc = 1.794 kN
Ro ≔ -TB - Rc + TA
Ro = -3.036 kN
A1 ≔ Ro ⋅ b = -698.28 N ⋅ m
A2 ≔ ⎛⎝Ro + TB⎞⎠ ⋅ c = 77.28 N ⋅ m
A3 ≔ ⎛⎝Ro + TB + Rc⎞⎠ ⋅ a = 621 N ⋅ m
π ⋅ d4
A ≔ π ⋅ r2 I ≔ ――
A = ⎛⎝7.069 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m 2 64 Mmáx ≔ 698.280 N ⋅ m
I = ⎛⎝3.976 ⋅ 10 -8⎞⎠ m 4
Página 2
Cálculo del Esfuerzo Normal y Esfuerzo Cortante
Mmáx ⋅ r 16 ⋅ T
σx ≔ ――― τxy ≔ ――
I π ⋅ d3
σx = 263.43 MPa τxy = 57.72 MPa
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ σx ⎞ 2 2
τmáx ≔ ⎜―⎟ + τxy
2
σ' ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
σx 2 + 3 ⋅ τxy 2
2
⎝ ⎠
τmáx = 143.807 MPa σ' = 281.763 MPa
Factor de seguridad
Sy Sy
FS1 ≔ ――― FS2 ≔ ―
2 ⋅ τmáx σ'
FS1 = 1.286 FS2 = 1.313
Ejercicio 5.41
Datos
a ≔ 8 in r ≔ 0.5 in
b ≔ 8 in d ≔ 1 in
c ≔ 6 in Sy ≔ 54 ksi
a' ≔ 4 in T ≔ 1000 lbf ⋅ in
b' ≔ 3 in
TA ≔ 350 lbf
T2 = T1 - 333.334 lb Ec.1
T2 =0.15 T1 Ec.2
T1 ≔ 392.156 lbf
T2 ≔ T1 - 333.334 lbf
T2 = 58.822 lbf
TB ≔ T1 + T2 = 450.978 lbf
Página 3
Diagrama de cuerpo libre - XY
ΣMo =0 (+)
TA ⋅ a
Rc ≔ ―――
a+b+c
Rc = 127.273 lbf
ΣFy =0 (+)
Ro ≔ TA - Rc
Ro = 222.727 lbf
Página 4
A1 ≔ -Ro ⋅ a = -1.782 ⋅ 10 3 lbf ⋅ in
A2 ≔ ⎛⎝-Ro + TA⎞⎠ ⋅ ((b)) = ⎛⎝1.018 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ lbf ⋅ in
A3 ≔ ⎛⎝-Ro + TA⎞⎠ ⋅ ((b + c)) = ⎛⎝1.782 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ lbf ⋅ in
jB1 ≔ A2 + A1
jB1 = -763.636 lbf ⋅ in
ΣMo =0 (+)
TB ⋅ ((a + b))
Rc ≔ ――――
((a + b + c))
Rc = 327.984 lbf
ΣFz =0 (+)
Ro ≔ TB - Rc
Ro = 122.994 lbf
A1 ≔ Ro ⋅ b = 983.952 lbf ⋅ in
A2 ≔ Ro ⋅ ((a + b)) = ⎛⎝1.968 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ lbf ⋅ in
A3 ≔ ⎛⎝Ro - TB⎞⎠ ⋅ ((c)) = -1.968 ⋅ 10 3 lbf ⋅ in
iA2 ≔ Ro ⋅ b = 983.952 lbf ⋅ in
Página 5
Puntos i,j de momentos en planos xy,xz
π ⋅ d4
A ≔ π ⋅ r2 I ≔ ――
A = 0.785 in 2 64 Mmáx = ⎛⎝2.111 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ lbf ⋅ in
I = 0.049 in 4
Mmáx ⋅ r 16 ⋅ T
σx ≔ ――― τxy ≔ ――
I π ⋅ d3
σx = 21.502 ksi τxy = 5.093 ksi
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ σx ⎞ 2 2
τmáx ≔ ⎜―⎟ + τxy
2
σ' ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
σx 2 + 3 ⋅ τxy 2
⎝ 2 ⎠
τmáx = 11.896 ksi σ' = 23.241 ksi
Factor de seguridad
Sy Sy
FS1 ≔ ――― = 2.27 FS2 ≔ ―= 2.323
2 ⋅ τmáx σ'
Página 6
Ejercicio 5.42
Datos
a ≔ 300 mm d ≔ 20 mm
b ≔ 400 mm
d
c ≔ 150 mm r ≔ ―= 10 mm
a' ≔ 250 mm 2
b' ≔ 300 mm Sy ≔ 370 MPa
T ≔ 31.875 N ⋅ m
ΣMoy =0 (+)
Página 7
Rcy = -86.101 N
ΣFy =0 (+)
Roy = -157.851 N
A1 ≔ Roy ⋅ a = -47.355 N ⋅ m
A2 ≔ ⎛⎝Roy + TA1⎞⎠ ⋅ b = 34.44 N ⋅ m
A3 ≔ ⎛⎝Roy + TA1⎞⎠ ⋅ c = 12.915 N ⋅ m
iA1 ≔ A1 = -47.355 N ⋅ m
jB1 ≔ A1 + A2 = -12.915 N ⋅ m
ΣMoz =0 (+)
Página 8
ΣFz =0 (+)
Roz = -107.116 N
A1 ≔ Roz ⋅ a = -32.135 N ⋅ m
A2 ≔ ⎛⎝Roz + TA2⎞⎠ ⋅ b = 54.734 N ⋅ m
A3 ≔ ⎛⎝Roz + TA2 - TB⎞⎠ ⋅ c = -22.6 N ⋅ m
Página 9
iA2 ≔ A1 = -32.135 N ⋅ m
jB2 ≔ A1 + A2 = 22.6 N ⋅ m
2
MA ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎝iA1⎞⎠ 2 + ⎛⎝iA2⎞⎠ 2 = 57.229 N ⋅ m
2
MB ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎝jB1⎞⎠ 2 + ⎛⎝jB2⎞⎠ 2 = 26.03 N ⋅ m
Mmáx ≔ MA = 57.229 N ⋅ m
π ⋅ d4
A ≔ π ⋅ r2 I ≔ ―― Mmáx = 57.229 N ⋅ m
64
A = ⎛⎝3.142 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m 2 I = ⎛⎝7.854 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ m 4
Mmáx ⋅ r 16 ⋅ T
σx ≔ ――― τxy ≔ ――
I π ⋅ d3
σx = 72.866 MPa τxy = 20.292 MPa
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ σx ⎞ 2 2
τmáx ≔ ⎜―⎟ + τxy
2
σ' ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
σx 2 + 3 ⋅ τxy 2
⎝ 2 ⎠
τmáx = 41.703 MPa σ' = 80.9 MPa
Factor de seguridad
Sy Sy
FS1 ≔ ――― = 4.436 FS2 ≔ ―= 4.574
2 ⋅ τmáx σ'
Página 10
Ejercicio 5.49
Datos:
d ≔ 1 in j≔1
r ≔ 0.5 in Sy ≔ 54 ksi
i ≔ 8 in
k ≔ -5 in
Fj ≔ 200 lbf
―→―→
M≔ r ⋅ F
M ≔ ((i ⋅ k) ⎛⎝Fj⎞⎠
―→ ―→ ―→
M ≔ ⎛⎝8 i - 5 k ⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝200 j ⎞⎠
Página 11
Momento de Inercia
π ⋅ d4
I ≔ ――
64
I = 0.049 in 4
Mz ⋅ r 16 ⋅ Mx
σx ≔ ―― τxz ≔ ―――
I π ⋅ d3
σx = 16.297 ksi τxz = 5.093 ksi
σz ≔ 0
τxz = 5.093 ksi
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2
2
⎛ σx - σz ⎞ 2
τmáx ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ + ⎛⎝τxz⎞⎠
⎝ 2 ⎠
σx + σz σx + σz
σ1 ≔ ――― + τmáx σ2 ≔ ――― - τmáx
2 2
σ1 = 17.758 ksi σ2 = -1.461 ksi
2
σ' ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
σ1 2 - σ1 ⋅ σ2 + σ2 2
Factor de seguridad
Sy Sy
FS1 ≔ ――― = 2.81 FS2 ≔ ―= 2.914
2 ⋅ τmáx σ'
Página 12
Ejercicio 5.53
Datos:
d ≔ 1 in j≔1
r ≔ 0.5 in Sy ≔ 54 ksi
i ≔ 11 in
k ≔ 12 in
Fj ≔ 250 lbf
―→―→
M≔ r ⋅ F
Página 13
M ≔ ((i ⋅ k)) ⎛⎝Fj⎞⎠
―→ ―→ ―→
M ≔ ⎛⎝11 i + 12 k ⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝250 j ⎞⎠
Momento de Inercia
π ⋅ d4
I ≔ ――
64
I = 0.049 in 4
Mz ⋅ r 16 ⋅ Mx
σx ≔ ―― τxz ≔ ―――
I π ⋅ d3
σx = 28.011 ksi τxz = -15.279 ksi
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2
2
⎛ σx - σz ⎞ 2
τmáx ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ + ⎛⎝τxz⎞⎠
⎝ 2 ⎠
τmáx = 20.727 ksi
σx + σz σx + σz
σ1 ≔ ――― + τmáx σ2 ≔ ――― - τmáx
2 2
σ1 = 34.732 ksi σ2 = -6.721 ksi
2
σ' ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
σ1 2 - σ1 ⋅ σ2 + σ2 2
Factor de seguridad
Sy Sy
FS1 ≔ ――― = 1.303 FS2 ≔ ―= 1.401
2 ⋅ τmáx σ'
Página 14