CONSTANTES DE LOS GASES R MASA

kJ 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 kW h 1 kg = 2.20462 lbm = 1000 g = 6.033 ∗ 1026 uma = DIFUSIVIDAD

8.3145 1.9859 0.00231
kmol K 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 kmol K 0.06852 slug = 32.15 oz = 0.001 ton métrica 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2 𝑓𝑡 2
1 lbm = 0.45392 kg = 16 oz = 453.59 g = 0.0311 slug 1 = 0.0001 = 0.36 = 3600 = 3.88
𝑠 𝑠 ℎ ℎ ℎ
atm m3 bar 𝑚3 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑐𝑚3 1 slug = 32.174 lbm = 14.594 kg = 517.784 oz ft 2 m2 cm2 m2 ft 2
0.08206 0.083145 82.06 1 ton métrica = 2204.63 lbm = 68.522 slug = 1 = 0.0929 = 929 = 344.45 = 3600
kmol K kmol K gmol K s s s h h
1.1023 ton corta = 0.9842 ton larga = 1000 kg 𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑚2
1 = 10000 = 10.764 = 3600
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 ℎ
1545.35 10.732 21.85 MOLES
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅
1 lbmol = 453.59 gmol = 0.4535937 kmol CAUDAL O FLUJO VOLUMÉTRICO
𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔𝑓 𝑐𝑚 torr 𝑚3 1 kmol = 1000 gmol = 2.20462226 lbmol L gal L m3
8.3145 84784 62.3638 1 = 0.264201 = 0.01667 = 1.667 ∗ 10−5
kmol K kmol K kmol K 1 gmol = 0.001 kgmol = 0.002205 lbmol min min s s
𝑓𝑡 3 𝐿 𝑔𝑎𝑙 −4
𝑚3
atm L atm L 1 = 28.317 = 7.48058 = 4.72 ∗ 10
bar L DENSISDAD, CONCENTRACIÓN 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠
82. 06 0.08206 83.145 kg g slug lbm 𝑚3 𝐿 𝑚3 𝑔𝑎𝑙
kmol K gmol K kmol K
1 3 = 0.001 3 = 0.00194 3 = 0.062428 3 1 = 1000 = 2.78 ∗ 10−4 = 264.16
m cm ft ft ℎ ℎ 𝑠 ℎ
BTU 𝐻𝑝 ℎ 𝐻𝑝 ℎ g kg kg lbm lbm
1.9859 0.00078 0.003097 1 3 = 1 = 1000 3 = 62.4286 3 = 0.03613 3
lbmol R lbmol R kmol K cm L m ft in LONGITUD
kg
𝑫ensidad del H2 O a 1 atm y 25 °C = 1000 3 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 39.37 in = 3.2808 ft =
m 1.094 yard = 0.001 km = 109 nm = 1010 Å = 106 μm
145
ENERGÍA, TRABAJO Y CALOR Soluciones más ligeras que el H2 O Be = 145 − 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 12 in = 0.333 yard = 30.48 cm
ρr
1 BTU = 1.055 ∗ 1010 erg = 778.17 lbf ft = 1.055 kJ = 145 1 mila = 5280 ft = 1.609 km = 0.869 milla naútica
Soluciones más pesadas que el H2 O Be = − 130
252 cal = 6.585 ∗ 1021 eV = 107.6 kg f m = 0.293 Wh ρr 1 in = 2.54 cm = 0.08333 ft = 0. 02778 yard
1 kW h = 1.341 Hp h = 3600 kJ = 3412.14 BTU 141.4 1 furlong = 201.168 m = 220 yard = 660 ft
1 J = 1 Nm = 0.23885 cal = 0.7376 lbf ft = 107 erg = °API = − 131.5 1 nm = 10−9 m ; 1 fermi = 10−12 m ; 1 Å = 10−10 m
ρr
0.0009478 = 0.001 kJ = 0.101972 kg f m FUERZA 1 yard = 3 ft = 36 in = 0.9144 m 1 braza = 6 ft
1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4.187 kJ = 41.32 atm L kg m 1 𝜇𝑚 = 10−9 𝑚 = 0.0001 𝑐𝑚 = 0.001 𝑚𝑚 = 1000 𝑛𝑚
1 N = 1 2 = 105 dyn = 0.22481 lbf = 0.10197 kg f
1 erg = 1 dyn cm 1 kg f m = 9.807 J s
1 kg f = 9.80665 N = 1000 g f = 2.2046 lbf ENTALPÍA Y CALOR LATENTE
lbm ft kJ BTU kcal 𝑘𝑔𝑓 𝑚
PRESIÓN 1 lbf = 32.174 2 = 4.4482 N = 0.4536 𝑘𝑔𝑓
N kg dyn s 1 = 0.42992 = 0.23885 = 101.972
1 Pa = 1 = 1 2 = 1.4504 ∗ 10−4 psi = 10 2 kg m lbm ft kg m kg lbm kg 𝑘𝑔
m2 ms cm gc = 1 = 32.174 = 9,80665 BTU kJ kcal lbf ft
𝑙𝑏𝑓 N s2 lbf ft 2 kg f s2 1 = 2.326 = 0.5556 = 778.17
= 0.02089 2 = 0.0075 Torr = 9.86923 ∗ 10−6 atm lbm kg kg lbm
𝑓𝑡 kcal BTU kg f m lbf ft
1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar = 760 mmHg = ACELERACIÓN 1 = 1.8 = 426.935 = 1400.7
m cm ft in mm kg lbm kg lbm
kg f 𝑘𝑔𝑓 𝑚 𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡
1.0332 2 = 14.696 psi = 29.92 inHg = 10. 33 mH2 O 1 2 = 100 2 = 3.28084 2 = 39.3701 2 = 1000 2
cm s s s s s 1 = 0.0098 = 0.0422 = 3.28
𝑙𝑏𝑓 m cm ft km 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚
1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa = 1 Torr = 0.1 cmHg = 2.785 2 g = 9.8066 2 = 980.665 2 = 32.174 2 = 35.3 𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑘𝑔𝑓 𝑚
𝑓𝑡 s s s min2 1 = 0.003 = 0.00128 = 0.000714
lbf lbf in milla mm 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑘𝑔
1 psi = 144 2 = 1 2 = 6.89476 kPa = 27.68 inH2 O = = 386.089 2 = 0.00609357 2 = 9806.65 2
ft in s s s
𝑚
5.171 cmHg = 6894.76 Pa = 68.9476 mbar = 2.04 inHg = 1.2714 ∗ 108 2 CALOR ESPECÍFICO
dyn ℎ BTU kcal kJ lbf ft
1 inH2 O = 2491 3 = 0.1868 cmHg = 2491.089 Pa = 1 =1 = 4.1868 = 778.17
cm lbm °F kg °C kg °C lbm °F
lbf lbf TEMPERATURA
kcal BTU kg f m lbf ft
0.03613 2 = 5.2023 2 = 0.00249 bar = 1.868 mmHg K = °C + 273.15 °F = 1.8 °C + 32 R = °F + 459.67 1 = 1.8 = 426.935 = 778.17
in ft kg °C lbm °F kg °C lbm °F
lbf R = 1.8K R=1.8°C+491.67
1 bar = 0.1 MPa = 0.987 atm = 1 ∗ 105 Pa = 14.504 2 kJ BTU kcal kg f m
in 1 = 0.429 = 0.2388 = 101.97
lbf ÁREA kg °C lbm °F kg °C kg °C
1 2 = 4.7254 ∗ 10−4 atm = 0.19222 inH2 O = 47.88 Pa 𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝐽 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
ft 1 m2 = 1 ∗ 104 cm2 = 1550 in2 = 10.764 ft 2 1 = 4.18 =1 = 4.18 =1
1 inHg = 3.3864 kPa = 0.0338638 bar = 0.491153 psi 𝑔 °𝐶 𝑘𝑔 °𝐶 𝑙𝑏𝑚 °𝐹 𝑔 °𝐶 𝑘𝑔 𝐾
 INTERVALOS DE TEMPERATURA INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL
VISCOSIDAD 1 °C 1 °F 1.8 °F 1.8 R Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de
g kg 𝑁𝑠 1K 1R 1 °C 1K Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato
1p=1 = 100 cp = 0.1 Pa s = 0.1 = 0.1 2
s cm sm 𝑚
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚 6 GAS IDEAL A CONDICIONES NORMALES
= 0.0672 = 0.0559 = 1 ∗ 10 𝜇𝑝 Dr. José Alfredo Hernández Maldonado
𝑠 𝑓𝑡 𝑠 𝑖𝑛 1 gmol a 0°C y 1 atm = 22.4 L
lbm lbm kg 1 lbmol a 0°C y 14.7 psia = 359 ft 3 Dr. Juan Carlos Rodríguez Sierra
1 = 3600 = 14.8816 poise = 1.48816
s ft h ft sm
Ns kg POTENCIA PREFIJOS
= 1.48816 2 = 5357.39 = 1.48816 Pa s
m hm J Nm kcal kJ 𝐵𝑇𝑈 Múltiplos y
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 1W=1 =1 = 0.8598 = 3.6 = 3.41 submúltiplos Prefijos Símbolos
1 cp = 3.6 = 0.001 = 1 ∗ 10−3 𝑃𝑎 𝑠 = 0.01 𝑐𝑝 s s h h ℎ
ℎ𝑚 𝑠𝑚 BTU kJ 1012 tera T
1 kW = 1000 W = 1.341 Hp = 3412.2 = 3600
h h 109 giga G
VOLUMEN kcal lbf ft kg f m 106 mega M
1 m3 = 106 cm3 = 1000 L = 35.315 ft 3 = 1.308 yard3 1 Hp = 745.7 W = 641.19 = 550 = 76
= 219.969 gal UK = 264.172 gal US = 61023.7 in3
h s s 103 kilo k
kJ BTU BTU 102 hecto h
1 L = 1 dm3 = 103 cm3 = 0.001 m3 = 0.03535 ft 3 = 0.7457 kW = 2684.5 = 2544.4 = 0.707
1 cm3 = 10−6 m3 = 0.001 L = 3.5315 ∗ 10−5 ft 3 h h s 10 deka da
BTU kJ lbf ft 10−1 deci d
1 ft 3 = 0.02832 m3 = 28316.8 cm3 = 6.22884 gal UK 1 = 1.05506 = 0.293071 W = 0.216158
= 28.317 L = 7.48 gal US = 1728 𝑖𝑛3 = 0.178 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑙 h h s 10−2 centi c
kcal kg f m
1 barril = 42 gal US = 5.615 ft 3 = 159 L = 0.159 m3 = 0.251996 = 0.029885 = 0.00039301 Hp 10−3 mili m
1 gal US = 0.832674 gal UK = 0.133681 ft 3 = 231in3 h s 10−6 micro 𝜇
BTU
1 tonelada de refrigeración = 12000 10−9 nano n
h
VOLUMEN ESPECÍFICO 10−12 pico p
m3 L cm3 L ft 3 caballo de vapor eléctrico = CV − 746 W
1 = 1 = 1000 = 1000 = 16.0185 caballo de vapor mecánico = Hp − 0.999598 CV
kg g g kg lbm CONSTANTES UNIVERSALES
ft 3 m3 in3 cm3 caballo de potencia métrio = 735.499 W
1 = 0.062428 = 1728 = 62.428 caballo de potencia de caldera = 9.803 W − N. B. Hp
lbm kg lbm g N m2
Gavitación Universal (G) = 6.6742 ∗ 10−11
kg2
COEFICIENTES DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR VELOCIDAD
1
BTU
= 4.882
kcal
= 20.44
kJ
= km ft ft m cm Plank (h) = 6.6260693 ∗ 10−34 J ∗ s
h ft 2 °F h m2 °C s m2 K 1 = 3280.8 = 0.91134 = 0.2778 = 27.78
cal kcal BTU h h s s s
m km cm ft ft J
1 = 36000 = 2.04816 2 = 1 = 3.6 = 100 = 11811 = 3.28084 Bolztmann (k) = 1.3806506∗ 10−23
s cm2 °C h cm2 °C s ft °F s h s h s K
W BTU kW ft m in km ft
4.1868 2 = 7373.38 = 41.868 2 1 = 0.3048 = 12 = 1.0973 = 60 𝐶
cm K h ft 2 °F m K s s s h min Faraday (F) = 96485.3383
kW W BTU kcal 𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 2 = 0.01 2 = 176.1 = 859.86 2
m °C m K h ft 2 °F m h °C VELOCIDAD ANGULAR 𝑊
W kJ BTU kcal Stefan-Bolztmann (σ) = 5.6704 ∗ 10−8
1 2 = 3.6 = 0.176 = 0.859 rad grados rev rev 𝑚2 𝐾 4
m °C h m2 °C h ft 2 °F h m2 °C 1 = 57.2958 = 0.159155 = 9.5493
s s s min
grados rad rev rev Número de Avogadro (NA) = 6.02214199 ∗ 1023
1
CONDUCTIVIDAD TÉRMICA 1 = 0017453 = 0.02778 = 0.1667 mol
s s s min
BTU cal W
1 = 0.004134 = 0.0173 WΩ
h ∙ ft °F s ∙ cm °C 𝑐𝑚 ∙ K CARGA ELÉCTRICA Número de Lorentz (L) = 2.44 ∗ 10−8
J kcal BTU in K2
= 1.7307 = 1.4882 = 12 1 Coulomb = 1 Amper ∗ s = 1.03623 ∗ 10−5 Faraday
s ∙ m ∙ °C h cm °C h ∙ ft 2 °F m
kcal W BTU J Velocidad de la luz = 3 ∗ 108
1 = 1.163 = 0.67197 = 1.163 TENSIÓN SUPERFICIAL, TENSIÓN s
h m °C mK h ft °F s m °C
kJ kcal BTU W INTERFACIAL
1 = 0.23885 = 0.1605 = 1000 kg N J lbf lbf
s m °C s m °C s ft °F mK 1 = 1 = 1 2 = 0.0057102 = 0.0685522
s2 m m in ft