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Curso Basico Sellos Mecanicos

Presentado por
Matias Nogues
AESSEAL
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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Qué es un sello mecánico ?

Un sello mecánico es el elemento utilizado para prevenir


el escape de fluidos o gases en el punto en el que el eje
pasa del extremo húmedo al seco (o atmosférico). Las
máquinas son por lo general bombas, pero los sellos
mecánicos también son utilizados para sellar
compresores, cajas reductoras y muchas otras máquinas.

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Como trabaja un sello mecanico

Camara del sello

Proceso

Rotativo Estacionario

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Pelicula interfacial entre las
caras
Sin pelicula interfacial :
Funcionamiento en seco, rapido desgaste y
falla a consecuencia de la friccion

Pelicula interfacial estable:


Requisito para lubricar el sello
mecanico

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Que actua como pelicula interfacial?

SELLOS SIMPLES
• Proceso
SELLOS DOBLES
• Fluido de barrera

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Película interfacial

PROVEE
LUBRICACION

• Previene contacto de las


caras
• Evita el sobrecalentamiento

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LA LLAVE AL ÉXITO

“Mantener una película interfacial


estable”

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TIPOS DE SELLOS

 Rotativo - Estacionario
 Simple - Doble
 Montaje interno – MOntaje Ext.
 Balanceado – No Balanceado
 Monoresorte - Multiresorte
 Cartucho - Componente

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Sello Interno

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Sello Externo

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Sello Multiresorte

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Sello Multiresorte Balanceado

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Sello tipo cartucho simple

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Sello Doble tipo componente

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Sello Doble tipo cartucho

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BALANCEO HIDRAULICO
A

Presion sup superior = 200 = 25 lbf / in2


8

200 lbf
Presion sup inferior = 200 = 50 lbf / in2
4

Fuerza & incremento A = 8 sq.. in.


de presion B = 4 sq.. in. B

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
BALANCEO HIDRAULICO
A

Presion sup superior =200 = 50 lbf / in2


4

200 lbf
Presion sup inferior = 200 = 25 lbf / in2
8

Fuerza & reduccion A = 4 sq.. in.

de presion B = 8 sq.. in. B

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Sello NO Balanceado

EJemplo = Gradiente de presion


•Presion caja = 100 PSI
•Superficie = 2 sq... in Fuerza = Presion X sup

Closing Force = 2 sq... in X 100 PSI = 200 lbs


Opening Force = 2 sq... in X 50 PSI = 100 lbs
200 lbs - 100 lbs = 100 lbs Closing Force
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UN-BALANCED SEAL

B
A

SLIDING DIAMETER

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SINGLE
UNBALANCED SEAL

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BALANCED SEALS

EXAMPLE
•Presion caja = 100 PSI
= Gradiente de presion
•Superficie = 1 sq... in Fuerza = Presion x sup
Closing Force = 1sq in X 100 PSI = 100 lbs
Opening Force = 2 sq.. in X 50 PSI = 100 lbs
100 lbs - 100 lbs = 0 lbs Closing Force
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SINGLE
BALANCED
SEAL

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 DOBLE BALANCEO HIDRÁULICO

PRESION PROCESO

DE DB B
DB P DI

PRESION BARRERA

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PUNTOS DE SELLADO

 Punto primario de sellado


– Pistas/ caras estacionarias y
rotativas
 Punto secundario de sellado
– Elastómeros dinámicos, O’
Rings o Fuelles
 Punto terciario de sellado
– Juntas, ‘O’ Rings

©Copyright 1997 AESSEAL®.


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Sello Simple No Balanceado
1. Sello Primario
2. Sello secundario Asiento
3. Sello terciario Pista Rotativa
4. Mecanismo resortes
5. Sistema arrastre
Junta /Orings
Tornillos
Mono/Multi resorte

Oring Dinamico
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DUAL MECHANICAL SEAL

Sello Primario
Sello Secundario

Sello Terciario
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MATERIALES DE CARAS

 Teflón con aportes de vidrio


 Cerámica
 Carbón
 Oxido de cromo
 Acero inoxidable  Carburo de Tungsteno
 Ni Resist  Carburo de silicio

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
MATERIALES DUROS DE CARAS

DUREZA RELATIVA
 Carburo de silicio 10
9
 Ceramica
8
 Oxido de cromo 7
6
 Carburo de Tungsteno
sólido 5
4
3
10 = Duro 2
1 = Suave 1
0
Sic Cer Chox STC

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1997 AESSEAL®.
Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
MATERIALES DUROS DE CARAS

RESISTENCIA A LA CORROCIÓN
 Carburo de silicio 4
 Ceramica
 Oxido de Cromo 3

 Carburo de Tungsteno sólido


2

4 = Bueno 1
1 = Pobre

0
SiC Cer Chox STC

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AESSEAL®.
Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
MATERIALES DUROS DE CARAS

DISIPACIÓN RELATIVA DEL


CALOR
10
 Carburo de silicio 9
 Carburo de Tungsteno Sólido 8
7
 Oxido de cromo
6
 Ceramica 5
10 = Bueno 4
1 = Pobre 3
2
1
0
SiC STC Chox Cer

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX


MATERIALES DUROS DE CARAS

FRAGILIDAD RELATIVA
 Oxido de cromo
4
 Carburo de Tungsteno sólido
 Ceramica
3
 Carburo de Silicio
4 = Bueno 2
1 = Pobre
* Chox en SS 1

0
Chox* STC Cer SiC

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
©Copyright 1997 AESSEAL®.
COMBINACIONES DE CARAS

ESTACIONARIAS

Cer Chrox STC SiC

Carbon    

   
ROTATIVAS

STC

SiC    

Cer    

GFT    

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SELLOS DOBLES

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Porque utilizar sellos dobles?

Proceso cambia sus propiedades en contacto con la


atmósfera – Ej Cristalizacion, carbonizacion, etc
Cuestiones ambientales ISO 14001
Cuestiones de seguridad/salud
Confiabilidad

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Sello mecanico doble
tipo cartucho

CDSATM
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Porque utilizar sellos mecánicos??

No se diluyen los procesos


Menor consumo fluidos auxiliares
Menor consumo energético
No desgastan componentes del equipo
Mayor confiabilidad
Evita perdida de producto
No se deterioran los rodamientos y demás componentes

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Como minimo, el
20% ingresa al
proceso

Costo $$$$ A

Flush water heated up to


process Temperature.

Costo $$$$ B

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Ahorro sello mecanico vs Empaquetadura

1600
1400
1200
1000
Valor

800
600
400
200
0
Año 1 Año 2 Año 3 Año 4 Año 5 Año 6
Año

Empaquetadura Sello Mecanico

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Analisis Reparaciones 2008-2009
Sellos Reparados 2008

Rep. 19287.57 25.00 771.50 Promedio reparacion

Sellos instalados 100.00 25.00 4.00 Promedio Vida Util

Parque instalado 170000.00 11.35 Rotacion Parque instalado

Sellos Reparados 2009

Rep. 29752.94 38.00 782.97 Promedio reparacion

Sellos instalados 130.00 38.00 3.42 Promedio Vida Util

Parque instalado 200000.00 14.88 Rotacion Parque instalado

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Ahorros Generados Área Servicios 2009

Promedio de reparación: U$D 479


Promedio vida util: 4 años
En19 bbas con sellos dobles y a un promedio de 5 L/M
que ingresan al proceso, se ahorraron 50.000 M3/Año
50.000 M3 que no ingresaron al proceso para evaporar
50.000 M3 que no hubo que calentar
Empaquetadura, Mano obra, medio ambiente,
rodamientos, camisas, etc

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
CONTROL de EQUIPOS E
INSTALACIÓN DE SELLOS MECANICOS

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CHEQUEO DE EQUIPO
CHEQUEOS DE EJE

VERIFICAR EL EJE (RECTITUD)


ARMADO Y BALANCEADO DEL EJE

TAMAÑO Y OVALIDAD DEL EJE ELIMINAR CANTOS VIVOS

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CHEQUEOS DE EQUIPO

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Preguntas??

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Analisis de Fallas

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Metodologia
Existen un numero de elementos que es importante
considerar,dentro de los cuiales podemos mencionar

1) De donde proviene la perdida?


2) Vibracion?
3) Estado de la maquina.
4) Es laperdida constante? (Varia con presion y
temperatura)

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Examinacion
Desgaste normal y concentrico.

tri k
en ac
c
nc tr
co ce
Fa
Esto indica que el sello fue instalado de fomra concentrico y paralelo al eje.
Sin embargo, no indica si el sello trabaja con la presion adecuada.

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Examinacion
Desgaste que supera la secicon de la pista.

r
ce ide
fa W
an ck
th tra
ce
Fa
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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Examinacion
Desgaste fuera de centro ic to st
at

ff
e n tr

re o
c
not con

nt ck
R o ta ry

ce tra
r
ea
W
Carga hidraulica no uniforme.
Instalacion incorrecta del estacionario”

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Examinacion

st op
Desgaste desparejo .

of t t
.
at
m ra
tto ea
bo w
d ier
an eav
H
Mas comun en sellos tipo componente.
Normalmente habra perdidas desde la puesta en marcha.

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Examinacion
Leaching.
C fa ce
rma l T
no

Nickel leache
d from TC.
Weakend str
ucture then
breaks

Nickel binder en Tc o resina en Carbon puede ser ‘Leached’ de la cara.


La pieza queda como un panal de abejas, perdiendo su estructura.

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Examinacion
ti o nal e
Daño sobre las caras Sec to fac
ma ge
da

Damage t
o surface
of
face

Producto abrasivo que se atasca sobre las caras.

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Examinacion
Rotary Face damage

a r
ve we
ssi
ce
Ex

Desgaste excesivo. Normalmente asociado a productos abrasivos o carga excesiva sobre las caras

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Examinacion
Rotary Face damage

Daños en DI y DE. Buscar signos de vibracion. ANalizar parametros de operacion del sello.
Esta el producto cerca de su presion de vapor y “flashea” entre las caras?

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Examinacion
Daño en cara estacionaria

Pieza quebrada generada usualmente por daño mecanico. Byscar signos de golpes, etc...

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Examinacion
Taque quimico

Elastomero mas especificado

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Examinacion
Corrosion

ROtativo CDSA 316L


Resto de camisa de 316L

Corrosion: Material mas especificado o cambios en el proceso

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Copyright © 2007 AESSEAL plc Issue: 01 Doc Ref: XXX-XXXXX
Examinacion
Daño mecanico a componentes del sello

Esta situaicon se presente por la succion de solidos – fuera de lo normal – o rotura del impulsor.

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Examination
Daño mecanico a componentes del sello

Causado por movimiento axial del eje

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SHAFT FRETTING

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SHAFT FRETTING

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AES130 Rev. 10/97

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©Copyright 1997 AESSEAL®

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