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Hierro +
Fe-CuNi [-18 a 872]
Blanco (+) Tabla 2. Datos de empresas distribuidoras de pirómetros y
± 2.2
constantán Rojo (-) termopares en Costa Rica. Elaboración propia
Chromel + Amarillo (+)
K NiCr-NiAl [-270 a 1317] ± 2.2
Alumel Rojo (-)
Cobre + Azul (+)
T Cu-CuNi [-185 a 298] ±1
constatán Rojo (-)
Níquel-Cromo Morado (+) 2. Normas para clasificación de Aceros
E NiCr-CuNi [-270 a 1080] ± 1 .7
+ constatán Rojo (-)
Tabla 10. Composición química de un acero al carbono, uno al cromo, uno al cromo molibdeno y uno al níquel cromo, así como su clasificación
Estado: Endurecido
camisas (liners) para extrusión, herramientas AISI/SAE H13
para fundición a presión, punzones y matrices UNS T20813
Usos: para prensar, cuchillas para corte en caliente, ASTM Tipo W
moldes para plástico, mandriles, pernos, dados EN 1.2344
para forja JIS SKD61
Aceros Especiales ASES SA
Nombre: AISI 1045
Composición Química Acero AISI 1045
2.3.2. Aceros Especiales C Si Mn Ni P S Cr Mo
ACES SA 0.43-0.50 0.20-00.40 0.60-0.90 - max 0.04 max 0.05 - - 2.3.3. Arcelor Mittal
Sin TT, puede ser tratado:
TT T (°C) Medio de enfriamiento AISI/SAE 1045
Forja 900/1100 Ceniza o arena seca UNS G10450
Estado: Normalizado850/880 Aire ASTM 1045
Recocido 670/710 Horno EN 1.0503
Temple 820/850 Aceite o agua JIS S45C
Revenido 450/600 Aire
Nombre: 12L14
Composición Química Acero 12L14
C Si Mn Ni P S Cr Pb
max 0.15 0.1 0.85-1.35 - 0.04-0.09 0.26-0.35 - 0.15-0.35
Arcelor Mittal
Nombre: AISI 4140
Composición Química Acero AISI 4140
C Si Mn Ni P S Cr Mo
0.41 - 0.7 - - - 1.1 0.2
Nombre: ET-ST52
Composición Química Acero ET-ST52
C Si Mn Ni P Cr Mo V
1.55 0.3 0.3 - - 11.3 0.75 0.75
Heat treatment: A nn ealing 304 S30400 Anealing 0. 08 2 0. 75 0.045 0.03 18,0-20,0 8,0-10,5 N 0,01
1. Austeniti c typ e: Soluti on-annealin g temperatures above 1950 °F [1066 °C] can impai r t he resistance to inte rgranu lar corrosion aft er 304L S304003 Anealing 0. 03 2 0. 75 0.045 0.03 18,0-20,0 8,0-12 N 0,1-0,15
subsequent e xposure to sensiti zin g co nd iti ons in the stabiliz ed grades, types 309Cb, 309H Cb, 310Cb, 310HCb , 316Ti, 316Cb, 321, 321H,
347, 347H, 348, 348H, S21640, S33425, S35140, S35135, and S35125. When intergranul ar c orro sion is of concern , the purchaser should
304N S30451 Anealing 0. 08 2 0. 75 0.045 0.03 18,0-20,0 8,0-10,5 N 0,1-0,16
specify the c orro si on test of 18.2 (to be conducted on sensiti ze d specimens). The man uf acturer is permitted, if n ec essary, use a 304LN S30453 Anealing 0. 03 2 0. 75 0.045 0.03 18,0-20,0 8,0-12 Mo 2-3
lower tempe ratu re resoluti on anne al or a stabilizati on anneal a fte r a high temperatu re solu ti on anneal in ord er to meet corrosion 316 S31600 Anealing 0. 08 2 0. 75 0.045 0.03 16,0-18,0 10,0-14,0 Mo 2-3
test requireme nts. Considerati on sho ul d be given to the corro si ve media before usi ng a st abilizati on anneal at le ss than 1800 °F 316L S31603 Anealing 0. 03 2 0. 75 0.045 0.03 16,0-18,0 10,0-14,0 Mo 2-3
[982 °C], as su ch treatment is not e quall y eff ecti ve for all media .
316N S36051 Anealing 0. 08 2 0. 75 0.045 0.03 16,0-18,0 10,0-14,0 N 0,1-0,16
2.Mar ten si ti c type:The chromiu m steels (S32803, 400 Seri es , S40945, S41045, S41050, S41500, S43932, S44400, S44537, S44635, S44660,
S44700, S44735, S44800, XM-27, an d XM-33) shall be heat tre ated in such a man ne r as to sati sfy all the re qu ir ements for mech ani cal
XM-11 S21904 Anealing 0. 04 8,0-10,0 0. 75 0. 06 0.03 19,0-18,8 5,5-7,5 N 0,15.0,4
and be nd in g properti es spe cifi ed in the applicable mater ial specifi cati on and (ex cept for 400 Series , S41050, and S41500) to p rovi de XM-14 S21460 Anealing 0. 12 14,0-16,0 0. 75 0. 06 0.03 17,0-19,0 5,5-6,0 N 0,35-0,5
He at Tre atment
1.For quenched and tempered Grades HPS 50W [HPS345W] and HPS 70W [HPS 485W], the heat treatment shall be performed by the manufacture r and shall consist of heating thesteel to not le ss than 1650°F [900°C],
quenching it in water oroil, and te mpering it at not less than 1100°F [590°C]. Theheat-treating temperature s shall be reported on the test certificates.
2.For Grade HPS 100W [HPS 690W], the heat tre atmentshall be performed by the manufacturer and shall consist of heating the steel to a te mperature in the range from 1600 to 1700°F [870 to 925°C],
quenching it in water, and tempering itat not less than 1050°F [565°C] for a time to be determined bythe manufacturer. The he at-treating temperatures shall bereported on the test certificates.
3.For Grade 50CR [345CR], the heat treatment shall be performed by the manufacturer and shall consist of heating thesteel to a temperature in the range of 1600 to 1700°F [870 to925°C], cooling in air or
quenching in water, and temperingbetween 1200 to 1400°F [650 to 760°C] for a time to bedetermined by the manufacturer. The heat-treating temperaturesshall be reported on the test certificates.
Heat Treatment
1.Plates 2 in. [50 mm] and under in thickness are normallysupplied in the as-rolled condition. Plates may be orderednormalized, normalized and tempered, or stress relieved
2.Plates over 2 in. [50 mm] in thickness shall be normalizedor normalized and tempered.
3.When normalizing plates 4 in. [100 mm] or over inthickness, the cooling rate may be accelerated by air blasting orliquid quenching followed by tempering in the temperaturerange from 1100
to 1300°F [595 to 705°C] to obtain mechanicalproperties comparable to those developed by normalizingplates in the lesser thicknesses.
4.If approved by the purchaser, for plates less than 4 in.[100 mm] in thickness, cooling rates faster than those obtainedby cooling in air are permissible
for improvement oftoughness, provided the plates are subsequently tempered inthe temperature range from 1100 to 1300°F [595 to 705°
Elongation %
Thickness
Grade 1 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
t, mm t, in Long Trans Long Trans Long Trans Long Trans Long Trans Long Trans Long Trans Long Trans
8 5/16 35 25 30 20 30 16 30 16 30 22 22 - 28 - 22 -
7.2 9/32 33 24 28 19 28 15 28 15 28 21 21 - 26 - 21 -
6.4 1/4 32 23 27 18 27 15 27 15 27 20 20 - 25 - 20 -
5.6 7/32 30 - 26 - 26 - 26 - 26 - 18 - 24 - 18 -
4.8 3/16 28 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 17 - 22 - 17 -
4 5/32 26 - 22 - 22 - 22 - 22 - 16 - 20 - 16 -
3.2 1/8 25 - 21 - 21 - 21 - 21 - 15 - 19 - 15 -
2.4 3/32 23 - 20 - 20 - 20 - 20 - 13 - 18 - 13 -
1.6 1/16 21 - 18 - 18 - 18 - 18 - 12 - 16 - 12 -
Si 1 0.75 0.55 [14] JIS, JIS G3116 Steel sheet, plates and strip for gas
cylinders, (n.d.).
P (max) 0.04 0.045 0.02
Specified