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Bueno, Cool Jazz fue el primero. Fue fuertemente influenciado por la tradición
europea de la música clásica. Era más comedido (y menos emocional), dependía
más de la composición (que de la improvisación) y era más suave y educado. En
una palabra, se jugó "genial".
Así que el Hard bop fue en parte una reacción a esta tendencia hacia el Cool
Jazz de influencia clásica, y decididamente trató de llevar al Jazz de regreso a
sus raíces, de regreso al Blues. Entonces, en lugar de ser 'Cool', Hard bop es
'Hot'.
Así que era natural que los músicos de jazz se vieran influenciados por este
florecimiento de la música 'Blues and Roots'. Y así, el Hard bop adquirió mucho
de esta sensación de 'Rhythm and Blues' y, de hecho, muchos músicos de Jazz
también tocaron en grupos de RnB.
Melodía Bebop
Este es Billie's Bounce , un Bebop 12 Bar Blues. Como ves, a pesar de ser un
Blues, la melodía no es muy Bluesy. Más bien, es bastante angular y complejo.
Bop duro
Como tantos géneros de Jazz, Miles Davis fue parcialmente responsable de crear
Hard bop con sus grabaciones de 1954: Walkin ' y Blue & Boogie . Pero la banda
por excelencia de Hard bop era en realidad The Jazz Messengers .
LP
Las grabaciones de hard bop y Soul Jazz suelen ser bastante largas. Esto se
debe a que el disco de vinilo LP se introdujo en 1948.
Por eso las grabaciones de Bebop y Swing son tan cortas. El jazz aprovechó este
avance de la tecnología y produjo canciones largas con extensas
improvisaciones. Las canciones más largas significaban menos canciones por
álbum, lo que también significaba que se debían pagar menos regalías a los
compositores.
Escuche:
• Bop duro
o Miles Davis (Walkin '; Bags' Groove)
o Horace Silver y los mensajeros de jazz
o Art Blakey y los mensajeros del jazz
o Los tres sonidos
o John Coltrane (Tren azul)
o Bala de cañón adderly
o Lee Morgan
o Clifford Brown
o Sonny Rollins
• Soul Jazz
o Jimmy Smith
o Richard 'Groove' Holmes
o Jimmy McGriff
o Johnny 'Hammond' Smith
o Hermano Jack McDuff
o Grant Green
o Wes Montgomery
o Ramsey Lewis
o Ray Bryant
Fuente:
Thejazzpianosite.com
“Hard Bop” was the dominant genre as Jazz from about 1955 to 1965. It’s
characterised by:
• On the one hand, Jazz was pulled towards a more Classical tradition;
• And on the other hand, Jazz was pulled towards a more Blues tradition
Well, Cool Jazz was the former. It was heavily influenced by the European
Classical Music tradition. It was more restrained (and less emotional), it relied
more on composition (than improvisation), and it was softer and more polite. In a
word, it was played ‘cool’.
So Hard bop was partly a reaction to this trend towards the Classical influenced
Cool Jazz, and decidedly tried to pull Jazz back towards its roots – back towards
Blues. So rather than being ‘Cool’, Hard bop is ‘Hot’.
So it was only natural that Jazz musicians were influenced by this blossoming in
‘Blues and Roots’ music. And so Hard bop took on a lot of this ‘Rhythm and Blues’
feel, and indeed many Jazz musicians also played in RnB groups.
So, Hard-bop moved back in the other direction. It used simpler melodies that
were easier to sing, a slower tempo, a strong backbeat, a solid bluesy groove, all
of which made it very danceable and thus popularised Jazz again. But it still
retained Bebop’s vertical or harmony based improvisation.
Bebop Melody
This is Billie’s Bounce, a Bebop 12 Bar Blues. As you can see, despite being a
Blues, the melody isn’t very Bluesy. Rather, it is quite angular and complex.
Hard Bop Melody
This is Moanin’, a Hard Bop Jazz Standard. Notice how much simpler and
Bluesier the melody is. In fact, the melody only uses the F Blues scale.
Hard Bop
Like so many genres of Jazz, Miles Davis was partially responsible for creating
Hard bop with his 1954 recordings – Walkin’ and Blue & Boogie. But the
quintessential Hard bop band was really The Jazz Messengers.
• When Horace Silver was leading the band, they had a hit with:
o The Preacher ~ Horace Silver
▪ This song is Gospel influecned and sound very ‘old
timey’. In fact, it was almost not released because it was
considered too anachronistic.
• And when Art Blakey was leading the band, they had a hit with:
o Moanin’ ~ Bobby Timmons
▪ This song is Blues influenced. It has a simple bluesy
melody, uses call and response, and a IV-I
Plagal (church-like) cadence.
Soul Jazz
Some people further divided Hard bop into a subgenre called Soul Jazz – which,
as the name implied, was influenced by soul music. It is characterised by:
LP
Hard bop and Soul Jazz recordings are often quite long. This is because the LP
vinyl record was introduced in 1948.
This is why Bebop and Swing recordings are so short. Jazz took advantage of
this advance in technology and produced long songs with extended
improvisations. Longer songs meant fewer songs per album, which also meant
fewer royalties needed to be paid to composers
Have a Listen to:
• Hard Bop
o Miles Davis (Walkin’; Bags’ Groove)
o Horace Silver & The Jazz Messengers
o Art Blakey & The Jazz Messengers
o The Three Sounds
o John Coltrane (Blue Train)
o Cannonball Adderly
o Lee Morgan
o Clifford Brown
o Sonny Rollins
• Soul Jazz
o Jimmy Smith
o Richard ‘Groove’ Holmes
o Jimmy McGriff
o Johnny ‘Hammond’ Smith
o Brother Jack McDuff
o Grant Green
o Wes Montgomery
o Ramsey Lewis
o Ray Bryant