UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE PANAMÁ

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍA

ÁLGEBRA DE VECTORES

FORMATIVA SEMESTRAL II SEMESTRE

❑
Puntos Obtenidos:
100
Nombre: Isidro Vásquez Cédula: 9 – 752 -1390
Fecha: 00 / 12 / 2020 Profesora: Gabriela Perea Grupo: 1LB231
Indicaciones generales:

 Resuelva cada problema en forma clara y ordenada. No omita pasos de

resolución, el proceso lógico de resolución debe coincidir con su respuesta. Sea
claro en sus respuestas.
 Debe escribir todos los planteamientos y procedimientos para cada problema,
toda respuesta debe ser subrayada y escrita con bolígrafo.
 Tomarle foto en un lugar con buena luz; subirla a un archivo Word; enviar por
el chat privado de Teams.

1. Calcule el volumen del paralelepípedo con los vértices. 15 pts.

a- 𝑃 (1, 1, 1) 𝑄 (2, 0, 3) 𝑅 (4, 1, 7) 𝑦 𝑆 (3, −1, −2).

PR = (4, 1, 7) – (1, 1, 1)
= (4 – 1, 1 – 1, 7 – 1)
U = (3, 0, 6)

PS = (3, -1, -2) – (1, 1, 1)

= (3 – 1, -1 – 1, -2 – 1)
V = (2,- 2, - 3)

RQ = (2, 0, 3) – (4, 1, 7)
= (2 – 4, 0 – 1, 3 – 7)
W = (- 2, -1, -4)

3 0 6
|U. (V x W) | = 2 −2 −3 = - 2(0 +12) + 1(-9 – 12) – 4(- 6
−2 −1 −4 – 0)
= - 24 – 21 + 24
= |- 21|
|U. (V x W) | = | - 21 |

V = 21 U3
b- 𝑃 (5, 4, 5) 𝑄 (4, 10, 6) 𝑅 (1, 8, 7) 𝑦 𝑆 (2, 6, 9).

RS = (2, 6, 9) – (1, 8, 7)
= (2 – 1, 6 – 8, 9 – 7)
U = (1, - 2, 2)

RP = (5, 4, 5) – (1, 8, 7)
= (5 – 1, 4 – 8, 5 – 7)
V = (4, - 4, - 2)

PQ = (4, 10, 6) – (5, 4, 5)

= (4 – 5, 10 – 4, 6 – 5)
W = (- 1, 6, 1)

1 −2 2
|U. (V x W) | = 4 −4 −2 = - 1(4 + 8) – 6(-2 – 8) + 1(-4 + 8)
−1 6 1 = - 12 + 60 + 4

= | 52|

|U. (V x W) | = | 52 |

V = 52 u3

c- 𝑃 (2, 1, −2), 𝑄 (−3, 1, 4), 𝑅 (−1, 0, 2) y 𝑆 (−3, −1, 5)

QS = (-3, -1, 5) – (-3, 1, 4)

= (-3 + 3, -1- 1, 5 – 4)
U = (0, -2, 1)

QR = (-1, 0, 2) – (-3, 1, 4)
= (-1 +3, 0 – 1, 2 – 4)
V = (2, -1, -2)

RP = (2, 1, -2) – (-1, 0, 2)

= (2 +1, 1 – 0, -2 – 2)
W = (3, 1, -4)

0 −2 1
|U. (V x W) | = 2 −1 −2 = 3(2 + 1) – 1(0 – 2) – 4(0 + 4)
3 1 −4 = 9 + 2 – 16

=|-5|

|U. (V x W) | = | - 5 |
 V = 5 u3
2. Encuentre el área del paralelogramo con los vértices adyacentes dados.
15 pts.
a- 𝑃 (1, −2, 3), 𝑄 (2, 0, 1) y 𝑅 (0,4, 0)

QP = (1, - 2, 3) – (2, 0, 1)
= (1 – 2, -2 – 0, 3 – 1)
U = (-1, -2, 2)

QR = (0, 4, 0) – (2, 0, 1)
= (0 – 2, 4 – 0, 0 – 1)
V = (- 2, 4, -1)

i j k
(U x V) = −1 −2 2 = + i (2 – 8) – j (1 + 4) + k (4 +4)
−2 4 −1
= i (-6) – j (5) + k (8)
= -6 i – 5 j + 8 k

|| U x V || = √ (−6)2 +(−5)2+(8)2
= √ 36+25+64
= √ 125
A = 11.18 u2

b- 𝑃 (−2, 1, 0), 𝑄 (1, 4, 2) y 𝑅 (−3,1, 5)

QP = (-2, 1, 0) – (1, 4, 2)
= (-2 – 1, 1 – 4, 0 – 2)
U = (-3, - 3, - 2)

QR = (-3, 1, 5) – (1, 4, 2)
= (-3 – 1, 1 – 4, 5 – 2)
V = (-4, - 3, 3)

i j k
(U x V) = −3 −3 −2 = + i (- 9 – 6) – j (- 9 – 8) + k (9 – 12)
−4 −3 3 = + i (- 15) – j (17) + k (- 3)
= - 15 i – 17 j – 3 k

|| U x V || = √ (−15)2 +(−17)2+(−3)2
= √ 225+289+9
= √ 523
A = 22.87 u2
 c- 𝑃 (1, − 2, 3), 𝑄 (4, 3, −1) y 𝑅 (2, 2, 1)

QP = (1, -2, 3) – (4, 3, -1)

= (1 – 4, -2 – 3, 3 + 1)
U = (-3, - 5, 4)

QR = (2, 2, 1) – (4, 3, - 1)
= (2 – 4, 2 – 3, 1 + 1)
V = (- 2, - 1, 2)

i j k
(U x V) = −3 −5 4 = + i (- 10 + 4) – j (- 6 + 8) + k (- 3 – 10)
−2 −1 2 = + i (- 6) – j (2) + k (- 13)
= - 6 i – 2 j – 13 k

|| U x V || = √ (−6)2 +(−2)2 +(−13)2

= √ 36+ 4+169
= √ 209
A = 14.46 u2

3. Operaciones con matrices. 15 pts.

Dada las siguientes matrices:

3 1 −2 2 2 4 2 −2 1
A= 2 8 5 B= −1 −1 2 C= 2 0 2
2 0 −1 6 1 0 4 −2 2

Halle:
 A – 2B

3 1 −2 2 2 4
A = 2 8 5 – 2B = −1 −1 2
2 0 −1 6 1 0

3 1 −2 4 −4 8
A= 2 8 5 – R −2 −2 4
2 0 −1 12 2 0
 −1 5 −10
A – 2B = 4 10 1
−10 −2 −1

 3A – B + 2C

3 1 −2 2 2 4 2 −2 1
3A = 2 8 5 – B = −1 −1 2 +2C= 2 0 2
2 0 −1 6 1 0 4 −2 2

9 3 −6 2 2 4 4 −4 2
R1 = 6 24 15 – B = −1 −1 2 + R2 = 4 0 4
6 0 −3 6 1 0 8 −4 4

7 1 −2 4 −4 2
R3 = 7 25 13 + R2 = 4 0 4
0 −1 −3 8 −4 4

11 −3 0
3A – B + 2C = 11 25 17
8 −5 1

 CB + 2A

2 −2 1 2 2 4 3 1 −2
( 4 −2 2 )(6 1 0 )
C= 2 0 2 B=−1 −1 2 + 2 A = 2 8 5
2 0 −1

4 −4 4 6 2 −4
R1 = −2 0 4 + R2 = 4 16 10
24 −2 0 4 0 −2

10 −2 0
CB + 2A = 2 16 14
28 −2 −2
 Dada las siguientes matrices:

7 0 2 1 2 −1 2 −1 3
A= 0 1 0 B= 0 1 4 C= 0 2 0
−3 1 0 1 −2 2 2 1 1

Halle:
 2A + 3C

7 0 2 2 −1 3
2A = 0 1 0 + 3C = 0 2 0
−3 1 0 2 1 1

14 0 4 6 −3 9
R1 = 0 2 0 + R2 = 0 6 0
−6 2 0 6 3 3

20 −3 13
2A + 3C = 0 8 0
0 5 3

 (A + B) Bt

7 0 2 1 2 −1 1 0 1
( A= 0 1 0 + B=0 1
−3 1 0 1 −2 2
t
)
4 B = 2 1 −2
−1 4 2

8 2 1 1 0 1
( R 1= 0
−2 −1 2) t
2 4 B = 2 1 −2
−1 4 2
 8 0 1
(A + B) Bt = 0 2 −8
2 −4 4

 CB

2 −1 3 1 2 −1
(
. C= 0 2 0
2 1 1
B=
)(
0 1 4
1 −2 2 )
2 −2 −3
CB = 0 2 0
2 −2 2

4. Determine la solución del sistema dado por el Método de Eliminación de

Gauss. Compruebe sus resultados. 30 pts.

2 x− y +2 z =−1 Matriz Aumentada

a.
{
−x + y +2 z =−2
−4 x +3 y +2 z=0 2 −1 2 −1
( −1 1 2 −2
−4 3 2 0 )
1
F1
1 −1/2 1 −1/2 2

(
– 1 + F1 = −1
−4
1
3
2 −2
2 0 ) 1
2
(2) = 1

1 1
(– 1) = –
2 2
1
(2) = 1
2

F1 + F2
1 −1/2 1 −1/2
F1 + F2 =
(0
−4
1/2 3 −5/2
3 2 0 ) 1 + (- 1) = 0

–
1
+1=
1
2 2
1+2=3
1 5
– + (- 2) = –
2 2
 2F2
1 −1/2 1 −1/2
(
2 F2 = 0
−4
1
3
6 −5
2 0 ) 2 (0) = 0

2(
1
)=1
2
2 (3) = 6 F2(F3)
1 −1/2 1 −1/2 5
2 (–0 (– )4)= =– 05
F2 (F3) = 0
( 0
1
3
6 −5
12 0 ) 2
1 (3) = 3
6 (2) = 12
– 5 (0) = 0

3 F2 – F3
1 −1/ 2 1−1 /2
3 F2 – F3 = 0
0
1
0 (6 −5
6 −15 ) 3 (0) - 0 = 0
3 (1) - 3 = 0
3 (6) – 12 = 6
3 (– 5) – 0 = – 15

1
1 −1/2 1−1/2 F3
1
6
F3 = 0
0
1
0( 6 −5
1−5 /2 ) 1
(0) = 0
6

6
1
(0) = 0
6
1
(6) = 1
6

X−Y + Z=−1 /2
{
. Y + Z=−5
Z=−5 /2

X–Y+Z=–½
Y+Z=–5
X – (– 5/2) + (– 5/2) = – ½
Y + (– 5/2) = – 5
X + 5/2 – 5/2 = – ½
Y - 5/2 = – 5
 Sol: Z = – 5/2
Y = – 5/2
X = – 1/2

Ecuación Original:
Comprobación F1
2 x− y +2 z =−1
{
−x + y +2 z =−2
−4 x +3 y +2 z=0
2x – y + 2z = – 1
2 (- ½) – (- 5/2) + 2(- 5/2) = – 1
– 1 + 5/2 – 5 = – 1

x + y−2 z=2 Matriz Aumentada

b.
{ x+ 5 y+ 6 z =7
1 1 −2 2
x+3 y +3 z=4
( 1 5 6 7
1 3 3 4 )
F1 – F2

1 1 −2 2 1–1=0

(
F1 – F2 = 0 −4 −8 −5
1 3 3 4 ) 1–5=–4
–2–6=–8
2–7=–5

– ¼ F2
1 1 −2 2
(
– ¼ F2 = 0 1 2 5 /4
1 3 3 4 ) – ¼ (0) = 0
– ¼ (– 4) = 1
– ¼ (– 8) = 2
– ¼ (– 5) = 5/4
 1 1 −2 2 F1 – F3
F1 – F3 =
( 0 1 2 5 /4
0 −2 −5 −2 ) 1–1=0
1–3=–2
–2–3=–5
2–4=–2

– 2 F2 – F3
– 2 (0) – 0 = 0
1 1 −2 2
– 2 F2 – F3 =
( 0 1 2 5/4
0 0 1 −1/2 ) – 2 (1) – (– 2) = 0
– 2 (2) – (– 5) = 1
– 2 (5/4) – (– 2) = – 1/2

X +Y −Z=2
{
. Y + Z=5 /4
Z=−1/ 2

Sol: Z = – 1/2 X+Y–Z=2

Y = 7/4 Y + Z = 5/4
X = – 1/4 X + 7/4 – (– 1/2) = 2
Y + (– 1/2) = 5/4
X + 7/4 + 1/2 = 2
Y - 1/2 = 5/4
X + 9/4 = 2
Y = 5/4 + 1/2
X = 2 – 9/4
Y = 7/4
X = – 1/4

Ecuación Original:

x + y−2 z=2
{ x+ 5 y+ 6 z =7
x+3 y +3 z=4

Comprobación F1

x + y – 2z = 2

– ¼ + 7/4 – 2(– ½) = 2

– ¼ + 7/4 + 1 = 2
 x−2 y+ 3 z =2
c.
{3 x − y+ 2 z=−5
x +3 y + 4 z=1
Matriz Aumentada

1 −2 3 2
( 3 −1 2 −5
1 3 4 1 )
3 F1 – F2
1 −2 3 2 3(1) – 3 = 0
3 F1 – F2 =
( 0 −5 7 11
1 3 41 ) F1––(–
3(– 2) F31) = – 5

1 −2 3 2 1 – 1– =2 0= 7
3(3)
F1 – F3 =
( 0 −5 7 11
0 −5 −1 1 ) – 2 –– 3(–=5)– =
3(2)
3–4=–1
5 11

2–1=1

F2 – F3

1 −2 3 2 0–0=0
F2 – F3 =
( 0 −5 7 11
0 0 8 10 ) – 5 – (– 5) = 0
7 – (– 1) = 8
11 – 1 = 10

– 1/5 F2
1 −2 3 2
– 1/5 F2 =
( 0 1 −7/5 −11/5
0 0 8 10 ) – 1/5 (0) = 0
– 1/5 (– 5) = 1
– 1/5 (7) = – 7/5
– 1/5 (11) = –
11/5

1/8 F3
1/8 (0) = 0
1/8 (0) = 0
1/8 (8) = 1
1/8 (10) = 5/4
 1 −2 3 2
1/8 F3 =
( 0 1 −7/5 −11/5
0 0 1 5/4 )

X−Y + Z=2
{
. Y −Z=−11 /5
Z=5/4

Sol: Z = 5/4 Y – Z = 11/5

Y= X–Y+Z=2
X= Y – 5/4 = 11/5
X – 69/20 + 5/4 = 2
Y – 5/4 = 11/5
X – 11/5 = 2
Y = 11/5 + 5/4
X = 2 + 11/5
Y = 69/20
X = 15/2

5. Encuentre la Matriz Inversa aplicando la adjunta, calcule: Matriz de

Cofactores, Matriz Adjunta y el Determinante correspondiente. 25 pts.

1 −2 1

[
1. A = −1 3 0
0 −1 −2 ]

1 3 −1

[
2. A = 2 −1 3
1 2 −3 ]
 5 −2 4

[
3. A = −3 4 −2
6 −2 3 ]