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Alopurinol - Drug Information - UpToDate PDF
Alopurinol - Drug Information - UpToDate PDF
Para obtener abreviaturas y símbolos que pueden usarse en Lexicomp ( mostrar mesa)
Categoría farmacológica
Agente antigota; Inhibidor de la xantina oxidasa
Dosificación: adulto
Nota: Antes de prescribir alopurinol, se debe realizar la prueba del alelo HLA-B *
5801 en pacientes con riesgo elevado de desarrollar reacciones adversas
cutáneas graves (SCAR) (pacientes de ascendencia asiática [p. Ej., Pacientes
coreanos, chinos han, tailandeses] y afroamericanos) recomendado (ACR
[FitzGerald 2020]). Sin embargo, una prueba genética HLA-B * 5801 negativa no
descarta por completo la posibilidad de SCAR asociado con alopurinol, por lo
que los pacientes aún deben ser monitoreados adecuadamente para detectar
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SCAR, así como otras formas de hipersensibilidad (Quach 2018; Saito 2016). Se
debe evitar su uso en cualquier paciente que dé positivo en el alelo (Becker
2019).
Gota, tratamiento (terapia crónica para reducir los uratos): Oral: Nota:
la terapia para reducir los uratos puede iniciarse durante un brote de
gota o después de que el brote desaparece; Se recomienda la profilaxis
farmacológica concomitante con colchicina, AINE o un glucocorticoide
durante al menos los primeros 3 a 6 meses para disminuir la actividad de
los brotes (ACR [FitzGerald 2020]; Becker 2019).
Inicial: 100 mg una vez al día (ACR [FitzGerald 2020]; EULAR [Richette
2017])
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que se normalicen las pruebas de laboratorio de SLT (p. Ej., Ácido úrico
sérico, LDH sérico) (Coiffier 2008; Larson 2018).
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eGFR ≤ 60 ml / minuto:
> 30 a 60 50 mg al día
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Diálisis peritoneal:
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Dosificación: pediátrica
Oral:
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IV: para pacientes que no pueden tolerar la terapia oral (dosis dirigida
por BSA):
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Aronoff 2007:
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Dosificación: Geriátrica
Consulte la dosificación para adultos.
Tableta, oral:
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Tableta, oral:
Administración: adulto
Administración: pediátrica
Nota: La ingesta de líquidos debe ser suficiente para producir orina neutra o
ligeramente alcalina (preferiblemente) y una diuresis diaria de al menos 2 L en
adultos.
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Oral:
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IV:
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Factores de riesgo:
Hepatotoxicidad
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Factores de riesgo:
Factores de riesgo:
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Reacciones adversas
Las siguientes reacciones e incidencias adversas a los medicamentos se derivan
del etiquetado del producto a menos que se especifique lo contrario.
1% a 10%:
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<1%:
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Ótico: acúfenos
Renal: nefritis
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Varios: Fiebre
Frecuencia no definida:
Gastrointestinal: diarrea
Contraindicaciones
Advertencias / Precauciones
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Consideraciones dietéticas
Para la prevención del síndrome de lisis tumoral, administre suficientes líquidos
agresivos para mantener una hidratación y una producción de orina adecuadas
(Coiffier 2008). Para otras indicaciones, debe administrarse la ingesta de
líquidos para producir orina neutra o ligeramente alcalina y una producción de ~
2 L (en adultos).
Parámetros de monitoreo
CBC; niveles séricos de ácido úrico después de cada titulación de la dosis hasta
alcanzar el nivel deseado, luego cada 6 meses (pacientes sintomáticos) o cada
12 meses (todos los pacientes en tratamiento para reducir los uratos,
independientemente de los síntomas) (FitzGerald 2018), LFT (periódicamente en
pacientes con enfermedad hepática preexistente), función renal (BUN,
creatinina sérica o aclaramiento de creatinina [antes del inicio y
periódicamente]), tiempo de protrombina (periódicamente en pacientes que
reciben warfarina). Monitoree el estado de hidratación, los signos / síntomas de
hepatotoxicidad y los signos / síntomas de reacciones de hipersensibilidad,
incluidas las reacciones adversas cutáneas graves (SCAR). Considere la
realización de pruebas HLA-B * 5801 antes de iniciar la terapia en pacientes con
riesgo elevado de SCAR.
Rango de referencia
Niños y adolescentes:
1 a 3 años 1,8 a 5 mg / dL
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7 a 9 años 2 a 5 mg / dL
Adultos:
Valores normales:
Mecanismo de acción
El alopurinol inhibe la xantina oxidasa, la enzima responsable de la conversión
de hipoxantina en xantina y en ácido úrico. El alopurinol se metaboliza a
oxipurinol, que también es un inhibidor de la xantina oxidasa; El alopurinol
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Farmacodinámica y farmacocinética.
Inicio de acción:
Tiempo hasta el pico, plasma: Oral: alopurinol: 1,5 horas; Oxipurinol: 4,5
horas
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Alopur (IE); Alopurinol (HR); Aloric (BD); Alorinol (EG); Alositol (JP); Alpurasa (PH);
Alpuric (LU); Alpurina (PH); Alunlan (TW); Aluric (LB); Aluron (VE); Anoprolina (JP);
Anzief (JP); Ao Mai Bi Li (CN); Aprinol (JP); Delantal (TH); Apurina (FI, GR); Apurol
(SA); Atisuril (CR, DO, GT, HN, MX, NI, PA, SV); Aurinol (PH); Benoxúrico (ID);
Bleminal (DE); Caplenal (GB); Cellidrin (DE); Clint (BF, BJ, CI, ET, GH, GM, GN, KE,
LR, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, SC, SD, SL, SN, TN, TW, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW);
Dertrifort (CR, DO, GT, HN, NI, PA, SV); Etindrax (MX); Foligan (DE); Genozyl (MX);
Gichtex (AT); Goutex (BD); Goutilex (TW); Hamarin (GB); Huma-Purol (HU); Isórico
(ID); Ketanrift (JP); Ketobun-A (JP); Lessuric (EG); Litinol (VE); Llanol (VN); Cerrar
sesión (LK); Loric (SA); Loric-100 (BH, PH, QA); Loric-300 (BH, PH); Masaton (JP);
Mensil (PY); Metanol (AE, BF, BJ, CH, CI, CY, ET, GH, GM, GN, IQ, IR, JO, KE, KW, LB,
LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MY, NE, NG, OM, QA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SY, TN, TZ, UG,
YE, ZM, ZW); Milurit (BG, CZ, HU, SK); Miniplanor (JP); Neufan (JP); Nilapur (ID);
Nipurol (VE); No úrico (AE, BH, CY, ET, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SY, YE);
Pritanol (ID); Progout (AU, SG); Puribel 300 (MX); Puricemia (ID); Puricos (ZA);
Purinol (AE, BD, CZ, IE, JO, MY, QA, RU, SA, ZW); Remid (DE, PY); Riball (JP);
Ridonra (TW); Rinolic (ID); Ripunin (TW); Sadapron (VN); Salterprim (ZA); Sinoric
(ID); Takanarumin (JP); Tipuric (IE); Tonárico (TW); Trianol (PH); Tylonic (ID);
Unizuric (CR, DO, GT, HN, NI, PA, SV); Unizuric 300 (MX); Úrico (JP); Uricad (TH);
Uriconorm (CH); Urinol (MY); Urocuad (CO); Urogquad (AR); Uroquad (AE, BF, BJ,
BM, BS, CI, ET, GH, GM, GN, GY, JM, KE, LR, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, SA, SC,
SD, SL, SN, SR, TN, TT, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW); Urosina (AT, DE, EC, LU); Valérico (CN);
Xandase (TH); Xanol (TH); Xanurace (PH); Xoric (BD); Xylonol (TW); Yi Da Tong
(CN); Zanuric (JO); Zylapour (GR); Zyloprim (AU, BB, BM, BS, CR, DO, GT, GY, HN,
JM, MX, NI, PA, PH, PR, PY, SR, SV, TT); Zyloric (AE, BE, BF, BH, BJ, BR, CH, CI, CL,
CY, DE, EE, EG, ES, ET, FI, FR, GB, GH, GM, GN, HK, ID, IE, IN, IQ, IR, IT, JO, KE, KR,
KW, LB, LR, LU, LY, MA, ML, MR, MT, MU, MW, MY, NE, NG, NL, NO, OM, PK, PL,
PT, QA, RU, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SN, SY, TH, TN, TR, TZ, UG, UY, VE, VN, YE,
ZM, ZW); Zyngot (PE); Zyroric (KR)
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