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Infancias Afrodescendientes PDF
Infancias Afrodescendientes PDF
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8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
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14
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15
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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Capítulo 1
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17
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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18
19
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
Tabla No.1
Población afrodescendiente en iberoamérica
Población Población
País Porcentaje País Porcentaje
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22
Capítulo
1
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23
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
Taller 1
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24
Capítulo
1
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25
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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26
Capítulo 2
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Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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2
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29
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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30
Capítulo
o
2
Origen africano de algunos apellidos afrocolombianos
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31
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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32
Capítulo
o
2
Las diferencias de género en las culturas
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33
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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34
Capítulo
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2
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FRPRGLFHPLSDSiHVWHFDUQDYDOWRPyGHODFLXGDGGHOFDPSRGHOLQGtJHQDGHO
QHJUR\GHOHXURSHRVXVP~VLFDVVXVLQVWUXPHQWRVVXVEDLOHV\FUHyODILHVWDGHO
&DULEHFRORPELDQR
<RWDPELpQVR\FRVWHxR0LQRPEUHHV$OHMR4XLHURDJUHJDUTXHKD\RWUDVILHV
WDVSRSXODUHVHQHO/LWRUDO$WOiQWLFRFRPRODVFRUUDOHMDVHQ6LQFHOHMRGRQGHHO
S~EOLFRWRUHD\FRUUHHVFDSiQGRVHGHORVWRURV/DILHVWDGHOFDLPiQHQ&LpQDJD
HO)HVWLYDOGHOD/H\HQGDYDOOHQDWDHQ9DOOHGXSDUODILHVWDGHODOJRGyQHQ&HUH
Wp(OIHVWLYDOGHODFXPELDHQ(O%DQFRODVFHOHEUDFLRQHVGH6HPDQD6DQWDHQ
0RPSR[\RWUDV
(OSRUURHOEXOOHUHQJXH\HOPDSDOpVRQRWURVEDLOHVIROFOyULFRVGHHVWDUHJLyQ
/RVFDQWRVGHODERUFRQRFLGRVFRPR´]DIUDVµVHFDQWDQGXUDQWHODVLHPEUD\ODUHFR
OHFFLyQGHODVFRVHFKDV\ORVFDQWRVGH´YDTXHUtDµFXDQGRVHWUDEDMDFRQHOJDQDGR
/RVQLxRVDSUHQGHPRVORVULWPRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVSRUTXHDFRPSDxDPRVDORVPD\RUHV
HQODVWDUHDV
35
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
Barrio Abajo
de Jorge Artel
9LYRHQ3DOHQTXHGH6DQ%DVLOLRFHUFDGH&DUWDJHQD\PHOODPR0DQXHO/RVTXHDTXt
YLYLPRVVRPRVGHVFHQGLHQWHVGHORVJXHUUHURVTXHHQODpSRFDGHODFRORQLDOXFKDURQ
FRQWUDODHVFODYLWXG&RQVHUYDPRVQXHVWURLGLRPDFULROOR\DOJXQDVWUDGLFLRQHV
(QHVWHSREODGRHOWUDEDMRFRPLHQ]DPX\WHPSUDQR/RVKRPEUHVVDOHQDRFXSDUVH
GHOJDQDGR\GHORVFXOWLYRV1RVRWURVORVQLxRVDUUHDPRVORVDQLPDOHVDOFRUUDOGH
RUGHxHKDVWDODKRUDGHHQWUDUDODHVFXHOD$OWHUPLQDUODFODVHYDPRVDOSRWUHURHQ
HOPRQWH
$OJXQDVPXMHUHVVHYDQD&DUWDJHQD\DRWURVSXHEORVDYHQGHUODVIUXWDVTXHOOHYDQ
HQJUDQGHVSODWRVRSRUFHODQDVVREUHVXVFDEH]DV
7RPDGRGH,QVWLWXWR&RORPELDQRGH$QWURSRORJtD%RJRWi0HMtD/DJR'DQLHODLO9OLHW(VPHUDOGD9DQORVQLxRVGH&RORPELDQHJUD
,QVWLWXWR&RORPELDQRGH$QWURSRORJtD&ROFXOWXUD%RJRWi
Taller 3
$ SDUWLUGHODVLGHDVTXHKHPRVH[SXHVWRHQHVWHDSDUWDGR
SURSRQHPRVUHDOL]DUHVWDVRSDGHOHWUDVFRPRXQHMHUFLFLR
SDUDPHPRUL]DUDOJXQDVSDODEUDVFODYHVGHVLWLRVGDQ]DV
DSHOOLGRV\WUDGLFLRQHVDIURFRORPELDQDV
36
Capítulo
o
2
Sopa de letras
S A N B A S I L I O
A O Z A F R A Y C M
D C A R T A G E N A
A A H R A S A F G P
R L L A T U M A C O
A I A N G L S B H L
R P N Q U I B D O E
A R R U L L O S C W
M A R I M B A X O X
V A L L E D U P A R
G A L L I N A Z O S
M U C A N O A S A L
Tabla No 2
Derechos reconocidos a la niñez afrocolombiana
38
Capítulo 3
+R\WRGDYtDHQDOJXQRVSDtVHVGH$PpULFD/DWL
QDQRH[LVWHQFHQVRVVREUHODSREODFLyQDIURGHV
FHQGLHQWH(VWRGHORVFHQVRV\HOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR
HVPX\LPSRUWDQWHSXHVWRTXHORVGHUHFKRVGHOD
QLxH]DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHKDFHQSDUWHGHORVGHUH
FKRVFROHFWLYRVGHVXVFRPXQLGDGHV\FXOWXUDV\
HQHVDPHGLGDVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQDFRQGLFLyQQH
FHVDULDSDUDTXHHQFDGDQDFLyQH[LVWDXQDSROt
WLFDGHSULPHUDLQIDQFLDSDUDORVDIURGHVFHQGLHQ
WHV\SRUWDQWRH[LVWDHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHHVWD
SREODFLyQFRPRVXMHWRGHGHUHFKRVHVGHFLUFRPR
39
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
XQJUXSRKXPDQRFXOWXUDO\pWQLFDPHQWHGLIHUHQFLDGRDOFXDOOHFRUUHVSRQ
GHXQRVWUDWDPLHQWRVHVSHFLDOHVHQPDWHULDMXUtGLFD
'HHVWDPDQHUDHOSULPHUGHUHFKRORJUDGRSRUORVPRYLPLHQWRV\ ODVRU
JDQL]DFLRQHVDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHVHQDOJXQRVSDtVHVGHODUHJLyQWDOHVFRPR
&RORPELD%UDVLO(FXDGRU3HU~\%ROLYLDHVHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHVXH[LV
WHQFLD\VXGHELGDFRQVDJUDFLyQMXUtGLFD(OORVHSXHGHFRQVWDWDUHQDOJXQDV
GHODVFRQVWLWXFLRQHVUHIRUPDGDVHQOD~OWLPDGpFDGDGHOSDVDGRVLJOR;;
/DSULPHUDFRQVWLWXFLyQSROtWLFDTXHUHFRQRFLyHOFDUiFWHUPXOWLpWQLFRGHOD
QDFLyQIXHODGH&RORPELDSURPXOJDGDHQ/XHJRYLQLHURQORVSURFH
VRVGH(FXDGRU3HU~\%ROLYLDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH%UDVLOHQLQFOX\yHQ
VX&RQVWLWXFLyQHOUDFLVPRFRPRXQGHOLWR\FRQHOORDEULyXQFDPLQRPX\
LPSRUWDQWHHQPDWHULDGHGHUHFKRVSDUDORVDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV
9HDPRVTXHRUJDQLVPRVHVWDWDOHVVHKDQFUHDGRHQDOJXQRVSDtVHVGH,EH
URDPpULFD SDUD HO WHPD GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH ODV SREODFLRQHV DIURGHVFHQ
GLHQWHV
Tabla No 3
Desarrollos normativos y políticos de la región
a favor de la población afrodescendiente
Reconocimiento constitucional Reconocimiento constitucional y
País y creación de políticas para afro- País creación de políticas para afrodes-
descendientes cendientes
(ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODV (ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODVSR
$5*(17,1$ SROtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHVFHQ +21'85$6 OtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV
GLHQWHVHVHOInstituto Nacional Con- HV OD Comisión Nacional Contra la Dis-
tra la discriminación, la Xenofobia y criminación Racial, el Racismo, la Xeno-
el Racismo,1$',FUHDGRHOGH fobia y las Formas Conexas de Intoleran-
MXOLRGH cia, 2004.
Reconocimiento Constitucional (ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODVSR
%2/,9,$ 2009, Artículos 3, 32, 101 y 395. 0e;,&2 OtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV
(OGHPD\RGHVHSURPXO HV HO Consejo Nacional para Prevenir la
Jy OD /H\ 1R Reconoci- Discriminación &21$35(' FUHDGR
miento del Pueblo Afrodescendiente de HOGHDEULOGH
Bolivia
Reconocimiento Constitucional (ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODVSR
Artículo 5 OtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV
1,&$5$*8$
(ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODV HV OD Comisión Nacional de lucha contra
%5$6,/
SROtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHVFHQ el racismo, la xenofobia y todas las formas
GLHQWHV HQ %UDVLO HV OD Secretaria conexas de Intolerancia.
Especial de Políticas de Promoção da
Igualdade Racial 6(33,5 FUHDGD
HOGHPDU]RGH
40
Capítulo
3
Reconocimiento Constitucional (ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODVSR
3$1$0É
&2/20%,$ 1991, Artículo 15 OtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV
(ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODV HV HO Consejo Nacional de la Etnia Ne-
SROtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHVFHQ gra &21(1FUHDGRHOGHPD\RGH
GLHQWHV HV OD Dirección de Comuni- 3REODFLyQ
dades Negras, Afrocolombianas, Rai-
zales y Palenqueras.
(O RUJDQLVPR HVWDWDO D FDUJR GH 1RVHKDLGHQWLILFDGRHQ3DUDJXD\XQ
ODV SROtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D DIURGHV RUJDQLVPRHVWDWDOHVSHFtILFRTXHWHQ
FHQGLHQWHV HQ &RVWD 5LFD HV OD JD D VX FDUJR SROtWLFDV GHVWLQDGDV D
&267$5,&$ Comisión de Educación e Inclusión de 3$5$*8$<
DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV
Estudios Afrocostarricenses, FUHDGD
HQ
(O DUWtFXOR GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ
SROtWLFD GH &RVWD 5LFD HVWDEOHFH
TXHtoda persona es igual ante la ley y
no podrá hacerse discriminación algu-
na contraria a la dignidad humana
1R VH KD LGHQWLILFDGR HQ &KLOH XQ Reconocimiento Constitucional,
RUJDQLVPR HVWDWDO HVSHFtILFR TXH 1993, Artículo 2.
&+,/( WHQJD D VX FDUJR SROtWLFDV GHVWLQD 3(5Ô (ORUJDQLVPRHVWDWDODFDUJRGHODV
GDVDDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV SROtWLFDVGHVWLQDGDVDDIURGHVFHQGLHQ
WHVHQ3HU~HVHOInstituto Nacional
de Desarrollo de los Pueblos Andinos,
Amazónicos y Afroperuanos,1'(3$
FUHDGRHOGHDEULOGH
1R VH KD LGHQWLILFDGR HQ &XED XQ 5(3Ú%/,&$ 1RVHKDLGHQWLILFDGRHQ5HS~EOLFD
&8%$
RUJDQLVPR HVWDWDO HVSHFtILFR TXH '20,1,&$1$ 'RPLQLFDQDXQRUJDQLVPRHVWDWDOHV
WHQJD D VX FDUJR SROtWLFDV GHVWLQD SHFtILFRTXHWHQJDDVXFDUJRSROtWLFDV
GDVDDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV GHVWLQDGDVDDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV
)XHQWH7UDEDMRLQYHVWLJDWLYRGHOHTXLSRFRPSLODGRU
41
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
La Convención Internacional
de los Derechos del Niño de 1989
/D&RQYHQFLyQHVWDEOHFHHVWRVGHUHFKRVHQDUWtFXORV\GRV3URWRFRORV)DFXO
WDWLYRV'HILQHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVEiVLFRVTXHGLVIUXWDQORVQLxRV\QLxDVHQ
WRGDVSDUWHV(OGHUHFKRDODVXSHUYLYHQFLDDOGHVDUUROORSOHQRDODSURWHFFLyQ
FRQWUDLQIOXHQFLDVSHOLJURVDVORVPDORVWUDWRV\ODH[SORWDFLyQ\DODSOHQDSDUWL
FLSDFLyQHQODYLGDIDPLOLDUFXOWXUDO\VRFLDO/RVFXDWURSULQFLSLRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
GHOD&RQYHQFLyQVRQla no discriminación; la dedicación al interés superior del niño;
el derecho a la vida, la supervivencia y desarrollo; y el respeto por los puntos de vista del
niño.7RGRVORVGHUHFKRVTXHVHGHILQHQHQOD&RQYHQFLyQVRQLQKHUHQWHVDODGLJ
QLGDGKXPDQD\DOGHVDUUROORDUPRQLRVRGHWRGRVORVQLxRV\QLxDV/D&RQYHQ
FLyQSURWHJHORVGHUHFKRVGHODQLxH]DOHVWLSXODUSDXWDVHQPDWHULDGHDWHQFLyQ
DODVDOXGODHGXFDFLyQ\ODSUHVWDFLyQGHVHUYLFLRVMXUtGLFRVFLYLOHV\VRFLDOHV
$ODFHSWDUODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHOD&RQYHQFLyQPHGLDQWHODUDWLILFDFLyQRODDGKH
VLyQORVJRELHUQRVQDFLRQDOHVVHKDQFRPSURPHWLGRDSURWHJHU\DVHJXUDUORV
GHUHFKRVGHODLQIDQFLD\KDQDFHSWDGRTXHVHOHVFRQVLGHUHUHVSRQVDEOHVGHHVWH
FRPSURPLVRDQWHODFRPXQLGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDO/RV(VWDGRVSDUWHGHOD&RQYHQ
FLyQHVWiQREOLJDGRVDODHVWLSXODU\OOHYDUDFDERWRGDVODVPHGLGDV\SROtWLFDV
QHFHVDULDVSDUDSURWHJHUHOLQWHUpVVXSHULRUGHOQLxR
(QHOFDVRGHODVQLxDV\ORVQLxRVDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHVHVPX\LPSRUWDQWHUHFRUGDU
TXHGLFKD&RQYHQFLyQVHxDODGHPRGRH[SOtFLWRHQVX$UWtFXORORVLJXLHQWH
/RV(VWDGRVSDUWHVUHVSHWDUiQORVGHUHFKRVHQXQFLDGRVHQODSUHVHQWH
&RQYHQFLyQ\DVHJXUDUiQVXDSOLFDFLyQDFDGDQLxRVXMHWRDVXMXULVGLF
FLyQVLQGLVWLQFLyQDOJXQDLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GHODUD]DHOFRORUHO
VH[RHOLGLRPDODUHOLJLyQODRSLQLyQSROtWLFDRGHRWUDtQGROHHORULJHQ
QDFLRQDOpWQLFRRVRFLDOODSRVLFLyQHFRQyPLFDORVLPSHGLPHQWRVItVLFRV
HOQDFLPLHQWRRFXDOTXLHURWUDFRQGLFLyQGHOQLxRGHVXVSDGUHVRGHVXV
UHSUHVHQWDQWHVOHJDOHV
42
Capítulo
3
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( OUDFLVPRVHSRGUtDHQWHQGHUVLPSOHPHQ
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FLVPRPDQLILHVWRHV´la amalgama de los enunciados,
percepciones y prácticas, que son explícitamente racistas,
es decir, que pueden ser fácilmente reconocidas como ra-
cistas por quienes las agencian o por quienes son testigos
o víctimas de este racismo… Este racismo trabaja en la
superficie del discurso y de los comportamientos, de tal
manera que, bajo ciertas condiciones, puede ser objeto de
identificación y señalamientoµ5HVWUHSRS
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arraigado en el sentido común y se ha naturalizado tan-
to, que trabaja predominantemente desde el inconsciente, de
forma soterrada pero eficaz, en los procesos de diferencia-
ción y en los ejercicios de exclusión de unas poblaciones o
individuos, con base en articulaciones raciales que tienden a
no aparecer como tales5HVWUHSRS
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FXOWXUDV/DHVFXHODVHFRQVWLWX\HHQXQDGHODVLQV
43
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
WLWXFLRQHVGRQGHHVWDLGHRORJtDGHODVXSHULRULGDGUDFLDOVHKDUHSURGXFLGRFRQ
JUDQSRWHQFLDSXHVGHVGHVXVRUtJHQHV\DORODUJRGHFDVLGRVVLJORVHQVXLQWH
ULRUVHDQFODURQSUiFWLFDVGHVDEHUVRVWHQLGDVSRUHOFRQFHSWRGHODLQIHULRULGDG
PRUDOHLQWHOHFWXDOGHORVGHVFHQGLHQWHVGHDIULFDQRV(OUDFLVPRHQWHQGLGRGH
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UD]yQVHUHFRQRFHFRPRXQIHQyPHQRTXHPDUFDHOPXQGRGHORVYDORUHV\ODV
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'HVDIRUWXQDGDPHQWHORVQLxRV\ODVQLxDVDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHVGHEHQHQIUHQWDU
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Reflexionemos en familia
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44
Capítulo
3
¢&XiOHVVRQ"
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OODPDUDFDGDSHUVRQDSRUVXQRPEUHSXHVHVWRFRQVWLWX\HHOPD\RUDFWR
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KLMRVVREUHORGDxLQRTXHSXHGHVHUHOXVRGHDSHODWLYRVRDSRGRVFRQORV
GHPiVQLxRV\QLxDV
Taller 4
Los problemas de la niñez afrodescendiente
' HELGRDORVSUREOHPDVKLVWyULFRVGHOUDFLVPR\ODPDUJLQD
OLGDGXQSRUFHQWDMHPX\DOWRGHODSREODFLyQDIURGHVFHQ
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GHQLxRV\QLxDVQRDVLVWHQDODHVFXHOD\WDPSRFRJR]DQGHVDOXGQLGH
XQDYLYLHQGDGLJQD
(OIDFLOLWDGRUGHEHXELFDUXQDOHFWXUDVREUHODVLWXDFLyQGHJDUDQWtDGH
GHUHFKRVGHQLxRV\QLxDVDIURGHVFHQGLHQWHVGHVXSDtV\SURSRQHUDO
FROHFWLYRXQDQiOLVLVHQJUXSRVGHQRPiVGHSHUVRQDV
Una vez realizada la lectura, cada grupo debe resolver las siguientes pre-
guntas de reflexión:
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GHVFHQGLHQWH"
¢&XiOHVVRQORVGHUHFKRVPiVYXOQHUDGRVGHORVQLxRV\QLxDVDIURGHVFHQ
GLHQWHVHQPLSDtV"
¢&yPRSXHGR\RFRPRDJHQWHHGXFDWLYRFRQWULEXLUDTXHVHPHMRUHHVWD
VLWXDFLyQ"
45
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
Capítulo 4
Prácticas y saberes de crianza
en las culturas afrodescendientes
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GRDWUDYpVGHORVVLJORVSDUDFRQVROLGDUSDXWDVGH
FULDQ]DVSDUDORVQLxRV\QLxDV
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4
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8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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Taller 5
Un recorrido al Planeta de la Infancia I
U
Autora: María Andrea Salamanca Jaramillo8
S
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48
Capítulo
4
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49
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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50
Capítulo
4
La familia afrocolombiana
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51
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
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Taller 6
Un recorrido al Planeta de la Infancia II
U
Autora: María Andrea Salamanca Jaramillo*
OLD
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53
Módulo
8 Infancias afrodescendientes:
Una mirada pedagógica y cultural
Nuestra espiritualidad
afrodescendiente
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54
Capítulo
4
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4
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Sobre la tradición de la marimba
y los cantos del Pacífico colombiano
Los afrocolombianos son los portadores principales de la manifestación que se
practica también entre grupos mestizos de las playas de Amarales, Vigía y Mu-
latos, en la costa nariñense. La marimba también es utilizada, en Barbacoas,
por los indígenas awá, que habitan en el piedemonte costero.
Con las músicas tradicionales se celebran las fiestas patronales durante las no-
venas, se “velorian” los santos en las iglesias o en las casas, o se transportan en
balsadas por el río, como en el caso de la Virgen del Carmen. Pero es la Navidad
el motivo de mayor congregación para las músicas de marimba, donde suenan
sobre todo en torno de los pesebres.
Para los pobladores del Pacífico sur, las músicas de marimba y los cantos tradi-
sistencia, a lo largo de los
cionales han representado un elemento de resistencia,
siglos de esclavización, y luego como elemen--
to identitario de las comunidades libres
que habitan en las riberas del Pacífico.
http://www.mincultura.gov.co/?idcategoria=38717
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Capítulo 5
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